EP3851355A1 - Portal axle for a bogie of a rail vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a portal axle (20) for a bogie (1) of a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle, the portal axle (20) having a stub axle (32) at both ends, whereby to support a frame (3) of the rail vehicle • the portal axis (20) at both ends each have a swivel arm (29) for the swivelable connection of the portal axis (20) to the frame (3) and • each of the two stub axles (32) a first axle shoulder (35) with a spring device (37) arranged thereon ) for resilient support of the frame (3) on a support surface (35a) of the axle shoulder (35), the axle shoulder (35) and the pivot arm (29) being oriented to one another in such a way that a normal vector (35b) of the support surface (35a) and a longitudinal axis (27) of the swivel arm (29) enclose an angle (α) of> 0 ° but <90 °, as well as a bogie with such a portal axis.

Description

The invention relates to the portal axis for a bogie of a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a bogie with such a portal axis.

Portal axles of the type mentioned at the beginning are sufficiently known from the prior art as parts of a bogie for a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle.

For example, from the DE 10 2017 128 598 A1 a portal axis of a bogie of a rail vehicle is known, the bogie having a frame with support arms arranged on the frame at the ends. The support arm has a pivotably arranged bridge on the support arm, primary spring assemblies being arranged on the inside of the bridge, which are attached on the one hand to the bridge and on the other hand to the portal axis.

One from the WO 2014/177417 A1 Known bogie of a rail vehicle comprises a frame with a pivot bearing for the car body of the rail vehicle. Two portal axles are provided on the frame at a distance from one another, each of the portal axles showing a spring arm at each of the two outwardly protruding ends. A helical spring is arranged as a primary spring on the spring arm, on which the frame for receiving the pivot bearing is supported.

the WO 2018/042326 A1 again shows a portal axis of a bogie, the portal axis having a stub axle at each end for receiving the wheel. The steering knuckle is approximately U-shaped with sloping flanks in the area of the receptacle of the wheel. In front of and behind the steering knuckle there are openings for receiving fastening means for fixing helical springs.

A disadvantage of the design of the bogies with portal axles according to the three references mentioned above is that in the area of each wheel at least one, preferably two vertically arranged primary springs are provided on which the frame for receiving the pivot bearing is supported, because the primary springs are at least in the respective outer area of the pivot bearing limits the angle of rotation of the vehicle relative to the bogie.

the DE 4 428 038 C1 also shows a bogie with a frame, the frame of the bogie for receiving the pivot bearing for the car body having four individually suspended wheels. The wheels are pivotably mounted on the frame by a pivot arm. The frame is supported by frame supports on the swivel arm in the area of the wheel on a spring assembly, with the spring assembly sitting at an angle on the swivel arm. A portal axis in the actual sense is not provided for this bogie.

The disadvantage here is that the floor in the area of the inclined primary spring lies above the level of the low floor, which means that the floor cannot be continuously flat.

The object on which the invention is based is to provide a maximum angle of rotation with a continuously flat floor at the same time.

To achieve the object, it is proposed according to the invention that to support a frame of the rail vehicle on the one hand the portal axle at both ends has a swivel arm for pivotably connecting the portal axle to the frame and on the other hand each of the two stub axles has a first axle shoulder with a spring device arranged thereon for resilient support of the frame having on a support surface of the axle shoulder. The axle shoulder and the swivel arm are oriented to one another in such a way that a normal vector of the support surface and a longitudinal axis of the swivel arm enclose an angle of> 0 ° but <90 °.

In terms of location, the first axle shoulder of the steering knuckle is located above the swivel arm. The axle shoulder accommodates a spring device against which the frame of the bogie is supported. This spring device acts as a primary spring. That is, for example, from the prior art according to WO 2014/177417 A1 known primary spiral spring at the rear end of the bogie, in particular, can be dispensed with, which directly leads to a greater angle of rotation between the car body on the one hand and the bogie on the other. The compact design of the portal axle with stub axles arranged at the ends of the portal axles with a first axle shoulder for receiving the respective spring device means that the floor area can be designed to be consistently flat.

The pivot arms are advantageously arranged on the portal axis below the stub axles. The swivel arms are connected to a frame of the bogie. The first axle shoulder is immediately adjacent to the swivel arm; or, in other words, the first axle shoulder is located on the side of the steering knuckle facing the center of the bogie, on which in particular the swivel arm is also located.

The arrangement of the inclined spring device at an angle of> 0 ° but <90 °, and here in particular in an angular range of 30 ° to 60 ° and preferably of about 45 °, ensures that the spring device loads evenly over its entire surface during compression will. This is because a section of a circular arc is described during the compression process.

Advantageous features and configurations of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

The portal axis has at least one support axis. This can for example be rectangular in cross section. It is also conceivable to use several support axles that can run next to one another.

The at least one portal axis advantageously has a carrier at both ends for articulation on the at least one support axis. In the case of a support axis with a rectangular cross section, the carrier can be part of the support axis. In the case of several support axles running parallel to one another, these are preferably received by separate supports arranged at both ends.

According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the steering knuckle is arranged on the carrier or formed in one piece with it. Alternatively or additionally, the swivel arm can be arranged on the carrier or formed in one piece with it. A longitudinal axis of the steering knuckle is advantageously oriented approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the swivel arm. From this it becomes clear that the swivel arm runs below the steering knuckle during operation, which enables a low center of gravity of the frame, which in turn has advantages in terms of the low-floor design of the vehicle in the area of the bogie, as well as a flat floor over a larger one Area allows.

Specifically, with regard to the swivel arm, it can be provided that the swivel arm has a bearing bush on the side of the bogie facing the frame. This bearing bush takes on one end of a frame cross member, which shows a bearing block with two bearing flanges at both ends for receiving by the respective bearing bush, the bearing flanges serving to accommodate a stub axle which is rotatably mounted in the bearing bush. The bearing block can be part of the frame. The frame cross member is thus part of the frame. The The frame can optionally include a pivot bearing through which a car body is rotatably received on the frame, whereby larger angles of rotation of the car body can also be achieved.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the steering knuckle has a second axle shoulder which is designed to taper obliquely towards the first axle shoulder. That is to say, an end face of the second axle shoulder is - in a projection onto a plane transverse to the main direction of extent of the support axis - inclined to the support surface of the first axle shoulder. From this it becomes clear that the steering knuckle is approximately trapezoidal or triangular in shape, the flanks of this steering knuckle, which are designed to converge at an angle, form the first and the second axle shoulder. The inclined course of the second axle shoulder in the direction of the first axle shoulder has the effect that the free space created behind the steering knuckle enables a larger angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the car body, which allows driving through tight curves.

According to a further feature of the invention, the steering knuckle can, starting from the axle shoulder, taper at least in sections in the direction of the longitudinal axis. As a result, there is an enlarged installation space in the direction of the ends of the bogie, which serves the goal of enabling a maximum possible angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the car body.

• bei einer Projektion auf eine Ebene, die die Längsachse und eine Haupterstreckungsrichtung einer/der Tragachse der Portalachse enthält,
• eine in Richtung der Tragachse liegende erste Seitenfläche des Achsschenkels zu der Haupterstreckungsrichtung geneigt ist, und
• eine gegenüberliegende zweite Seitenfläche des Achsschenkels im Wesentlichen quer zur Haupterstreckungsrichtung orientiert.

In this context, it can be provided in detail that

• in the case of a projection onto a plane that contains the longitudinal axis and a main direction of extent of a / the support axis of the portal axis,
• a first side surface of the steering knuckle lying in the direction of the support axis is inclined to the main direction of extent, and
• an opposite second side surface of the steering knuckle oriented essentially transversely to the main direction of extent.

It is clear from this that the first side surface of the steering knuckle is designed to run obliquely with an increase in the distance from the second, opposite side surface. As already explained elsewhere, this provides the maximum possible installation space for the angle of rotation.

At the same time, this results in an enlargement of the support surface of the first axle shoulder for the spring device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the steering knuckle has a bearing element for receiving a wheel or an axle stub of the wheel in a bearing manner. Specifically, the bearing element can be a bearing journal or bolt.

It has already been pointed out that the steering knuckle accommodates a spring device on the first axle shoulder. This spring device is formed in particular from a plurality of elastomer spring assemblies which are arranged one above the other. That is, a plurality of elastomer cushions are provided, which are separated from one another by a metal plate, so the spring device is designed similar to a rubber-metal bearing. It can be provided here that the stiffness of the elastomer spring assemblies or elastomer cushions is the same or different. This means that the spring characteristic can be influenced by choosing the elasticity of the individual elastomer spring assemblies. The invention also relates to a bogie of a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle, with two portal axles according to the invention arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, a frame for receiving the car body being provided between the portal axles of the bogie. Optionally, the bogie can comprise a pivot bearing which is received by a cradle on the frame. Due to the pivot bearing, the car body can be rotated relative to the frame, which means that larger angles of rotation of the car body can also be achieved.

The frame can be connected to the respective swivel arms of the two portal axes by the respective frame cross members. Specifically, the connection can be made by means of the bearing bushings provided at the end of the swivel arms, which enable the swiveling connection of the frame cross member with the corresponding portal axis.

According to a further feature of the invention, at each of its four ends the frame has a spring arm which is connected to the spring device on the first axle shoulder of the respective steering knuckle. From this it becomes clear that each portal axis can be pivoted on a circular path about the two bearing bushes assigned to it against the force of the respective spring device.

The pivot arms are arranged on the portal axis, and here in particular the girders of the portal axis, below the stub axles. In this respect, a relatively large level and low-floor floor is provided.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht auf das Drehgestell, das lediglich schematisch dargestellt ist;

Fig. 2

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Portalachse des Drehgestells;

Fig. 3

zeigt eine weitere Ansicht auf die Portalachse des Drehgestells;

Fig. 4

zeigt eine Seitenansicht auf den Achsschenkel der Portalachse des Drehgestells.

The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with the aid of the drawings.

Fig. 1

shows a perspective view of the bogie, which is only shown schematically;

Fig. 2

shows a perspective view of a portal axis of the bogie;

Fig. 3

shows a further view of the portal axis of the bogie;

Fig. 4

shows a side view of the steering knuckle of the portal axis of the bogie.

This in Fig. 1 The bogie denoted by 1 has a frame 3, the frame 3 being connected at both ends to a portal axis 20 in each case. The frame 3 itself has two frame supports 4 running parallel to one another, each with a spring arm 5 at one end. A pivot bearing traverse 7 is arranged between the frame girders 4, on which the pivot bearing 9 is located, shown schematically. The pivot bearing traverse 7 can be in Figure 1 Secondary springs (not shown) may be supported on the frame support 4. The pivot bearing 9 is used to rotatably receive the car body, not shown. A frame cross member 11, which is articulated on the end of the frame girders 4, runs parallel to the respective portal axis.

The portal axis 20 comprises a support axis 22 of rectangular cross-section, which extends in a main direction of extent 22a and at each end a carrier 24 ( Fig. 4 ) having. A pivot arm 29 is arranged on the carrier 24 in the direction of a longitudinal axis 27 and is provided with a bearing bush 30 at the end. The steering knuckle 32, which receives the wheel 33, is fastened to the carrier 24. The connection of the portal axis 20 to the frame 3 of the bogie 1 takes place through the two swivel arms 29. The frame 3 of the bogie is for this purpose 1 of each portal axis 20 assigned to the frame cross member 11. To connect the frame cross member 11 to the two pivot arms 29 of each portal axis 20, a bearing block 13 is provided on the frame cross member 11 in the area of each pivot arm 29, which includes two bearing flanges 15 which receive a stub axle 16 which is in the bearing bush 30 of the pivot arm 29 is rotatably mounted.

The steering knuckle 32 comprises a first axle shoulder 35 for receiving a spring device 37. The frame supports 4 each have the spring arm 5 at the end, which is connected to the spring device 37. The spring arms 5 are thus resiliently supported on support surfaces 35a of the respectively associated first axle shoulder 35. The spring device 37 comprises individual elastomer spring assemblies 38 which are each separated from one another by metal plates 38a. The first axle shoulder 35, which serves to accommodate the spring device 37, and specifically the normal vector 35b of the support surface 35a, runs at an angle α of approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal axis 27 of the pivot arm 29.

Opposite to the first axle shoulder 35, a second axle shoulder 36 is provided which tapers obliquely towards the first axle shoulder 35 so that the steering knuckle 32 is approximately trapezoidal or triangular when viewed. Due to the inclined course of the second axle shoulder 36 in the direction of the first axle shoulder 35, a free space is created in the area of the second axle shoulder 36, which has the effect that the angle of rotation of the car body is increased relative to the bogie, with the result that such a vehicle tight curves can drive through.

In this context, the spring device 37 forms the primary spring device on the first axle shoulder 35 without a further spring having to be provided in the area of the second axle shoulder, as is partially provided in the prior art. this causes also that the available installation space in the area of the second axle shoulder benefits a larger angle of rotation.

Out Fig. 3 it can be seen that the steering knuckle 32 is designed to widen in the direction of the first axle shoulder 35, namely by virtue of the fact that the side surface 32a of the steering knuckle running on the inside runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis 27. As a result, the available installation space increases in the direction of the ends of the bogie 1, with the result that the angle of rotation of the car body increases relative to the bogie.

Due to the arrangement of the pivot arm 29 under the stub axle 32 in connection with the second axle shoulder 36, which tapers obliquely to the first axle shoulder 35, not only a large angle of rotation is provided, but also a continuously flat floor, which is due to the low height due to the arrangement of the swivel arm 29 below the steering knuckle 32, the low-floor design of a vehicle is also made possible in the floor area of the bogie 1.

List of reference symbols:

1

bogie

3

frame

4th

Frame support

5

Frame support spring arm 4

7th

Pivoting traverse

9

Pivot bearing

11

Frame traverse

13th

Bearing block

15th

Bearing flange

16

Stub axle

20th

Portal axis

22nd

Support axis

22a

Main direction of extent of the support axis

24

carrier

27

Longitudinal axis

29

Swivel arm

30th

Bearing bush of the swivel arm

32

Steering knuckle

32a

first side surface of the steering knuckle

32b

second side surface of the steering knuckle

33

wheel

35

first axle shoulder

35a

Support surface of the first axle shoulder 35

35b

Normal vector on the support surface 35a

36

second axle shoulder

36a

Front surface of the second axle shoulder 36

37

Spring device

38

Elastomer spring package of the spring device

38a

Metal plate between two elastomer spring packages

α

angle

Claims (15)

Portal axis (20) for a bogie (1) of a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle, the portal axis (20) each having a stub axle (32) at both ends,
characterized,
that for supporting a frame (3) of the rail vehicle • the portal axis (20) at both ends each have a swivel arm (29) for the swivelable connection of the portal axis (20) to the frame (3) and • each of the two stub axles (32) has a first axle shoulder (35) with a spring device (37) arranged thereon for resiliently supporting the frame (3) on a support surface (35a) of the axle shoulder (35) having, the axle shoulder (35) and the swivel arm (29) being oriented to one another in such a way that a normal vector (35b) of the support surface (35a) and a longitudinal axis (27) of the swivel arm (29) form an angle (α) of> 0 ° but include <90 °. Portal axis (20) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the portal axis (20) has at least one support axis (22) extending between the two stub axles (32). Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the swivel arm (29) has a bearing bush (30) for receiving the frame (3) in a bearing. Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the steering knuckle (32) tapers at least in sections starting from the axle shoulder (35) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (27). Portal axis (20) according to claim 4,
characterized,
that - in the case of a projection onto a plane which contains the longitudinal axis (27) and a main direction of extent (22a) of a / the support axis (22) of the portal axis (20) - • a first side surface (32a) of the steering knuckle (32) lying in the direction of the support axis (22) is inclined to the main direction of extent (22a) and • an opposite second side surface (32b) of the steering knuckle (32) oriented essentially transversely to the main direction of extent (22a). Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the at least one portal axis (20) each has a carrier (24) at both ends for the articulation of a / the support axis (22) of the portal axis (22). Portal axis (20) according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the steering knuckle (32) and / or the swivel arm (29) are / is arranged on or on the carrier (24). Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the stub axle (32) has a second axle shoulder (36), the end face (36a) of which - in a projection onto a plane transverse to the main direction of extent (22a) of the support axis (22) - inclined to the support surface (35a) of the first axle shoulder ( 35) is. Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the steering knuckle (32) has a bearing element for receiving a wheel (33) of the portal axle (20) in a bearing. Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the spring device (37) has at least one, preferably a plurality of elastomer spring assemblies (38) arranged one above the other. Portal axis (20) according to claim 10,
characterized,
that the stiffness of the elastomer spring assemblies (38) is the same or different. Portal axis (20) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the angle (α) between the normal vector (35b) and the longitudinal axis (27) lies in a range between 30 ° and 60 °. Bogie (1) for a rail vehicle, in particular a low-floor rail vehicle, with two portal axles (20) arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that,
that between the portal axles (20) of the bogie (1) a frame (3) for receiving a car body of the rail vehicle is provided, with a pivot bearing (9) optionally being provided for the rotatable receiving of the car body. Bogie (1) according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the frame (3) is connected to the respective swivel arms (29) of the two portal axes (20), in particular by means of the bearing bushes (30) of the swivel arms (29). Bogie (1) according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized,
that the frame (3) has two spring arms (5) at both ends, which are connected to the respective spring device (37).

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