EP3848314A1 - Système de mesure de la charge dans un système d'ascenseur ainsi que procédé de détermination de la charge d'une cabine d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Système de mesure de la charge dans un système d'ascenseur ainsi que procédé de détermination de la charge d'une cabine d'ascenseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3848314A1
EP3848314A1 EP20151218.3A EP20151218A EP3848314A1 EP 3848314 A1 EP3848314 A1 EP 3848314A1 EP 20151218 A EP20151218 A EP 20151218A EP 3848314 A1 EP3848314 A1 EP 3848314A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
elevator car
movement
sensor
elevator
load
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EP20151218.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3848314B1 (fr
Inventor
Danilo Peric
Michael Vogt
Philippe Henneau
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Priority to EP20151218.3A priority Critical patent/EP3848314B1/fr
Priority to ES20151218T priority patent/ES2962692T3/es
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/34—Details, e.g. call counting devices, data transmission from car to control system, devices giving information to the control system
    • B66B1/3476—Load weighing or car passenger counting devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for measuring the load in an elevator system with an elevator car, an energy supply system and a drive machine, as well as to a method for determining the load of the elevator car.
  • Elevator systems for transporting people and loads are well known and widely used.
  • An elevator system typically comprises an elevator car which is moved along an elevator shaft in the vertical direction by a drive machine.
  • the drive machine does mechanical work to move passengers or goods to a higher position, or brakes the elevator car when it is lowered from a higher to a lower location.
  • such an elevator system is additionally equipped with a counterweight in order, among other things, to minimize the transport energy required for a statistically frequent load of the elevator car, e.g. half load. If such a counterweight is present, it is possible that mechanical work from the drive machine is necessary when an empty elevator car is lowered and that energy is released when an empty elevator car is raised.
  • One aspect of the improved system for measuring the load in an elevator system relates to an elevator system with an elevator car (for example a passenger elevator with a passenger cabin), a power supply system and a drive machine.
  • the drive machine is set up to move the elevator car along a shaft and is connected to an energy supply system via electrical conductors.
  • the energy supply system is connected to a mains connection via electrical conductors.
  • the network connection preferably feeds the energy supply system with an essentially constant nominal voltage and frequency.
  • the system comprises a first sensor system for measuring a performance parameter.
  • the performance parameter is indicative of the performance of the drive machine.
  • the system comprises a second sensor system for measuring a characteristic variable of the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the direction of movement parameter is indicative of the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the system comprises a logic unit which is set up to determine the load of the elevator car from the measured performance and direction of movement parameters.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining the load of the elevator car of an elevator system.
  • the method includes the measurement of a performance parameter of the electrical conductors by means of the first sensor system and the measurement of a movement direction parameter of the drive machine by means of the second sensor system.
  • the power of the drive machine is derived from the performance parameter is determined and the direction of movement of the elevator car is determined from the direction of movement parameter.
  • the load of the elevator car is ultimately determined from the power of the drive machine and the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • Embodiments of the present invention advantageously make it possible to provide the elements necessary for determining the aforementioned operating data without necessarily having to access a central control of the elevator system. Therefore, the flexibility, redundancy and reliability can be increased. According to embodiments, these elements can also be subsequently integrated into an existing elevator system without having to make changes to the existing control and drive electronics. This increases the compatibility with existing systems, simplifies the application and thus enables, among other things, a flexible and cost-effective retrofitting of existing elevator systems. If the existing elevator system already contains a possibility to determine the moving load, the system according to the invention also provides an additional measurement by means of which the existing system can be made redundant and thus fail-safe and, in the event of discrepancies between the two measurement results, helps to detect a malfunction.
  • the present invention also solves the problem of relating the direction of movement of the elevator car to the work of the machine and thus determining whether a full or an empty car was moved. This increases the informative value of the specific operating data.
  • the determination of a load on the elevator car is provided by means of a combination of sensor systems and a logic unit.
  • the cited parts of the invention are typically not integrated into the control or drive electronics or into the mechanical components of the elevator system during manufacture, but are added subsequently, for example in the course of maintenance of the elevator system.
  • the invention is at least partially functionally separated from the elevator system, so it is not necessary to integrate the sensor systems or the logic unit into the existing elevator system to be integrated in such a way that precise knowledge of the functioning of the system, e.g. the elevator control, is necessary. Likewise, the embodiment according to the invention does not significantly affect the elevator system. Intervention in the existing electromechanical system is thus avoided.
  • the load of the elevator car determined by the invention is provided by a logic unit in the form of a data record.
  • a data set contains at least one transported load as a single data point.
  • other data can be related to the load, such as the time at which the trip took place, the direction of the trip, the distance covered, the load at a certain time of the day and / or a discrepancy between loads at peak and Descent of the elevator system, these examples only being used for description and numerous other combinations being possible and also other values not measured or calculated by the described system being part of such a data record.
  • the logic unit can calculate the power of the drive machine on the basis of a performance parameter and can calculate the movement direction of the elevator car on the basis of a movement direction parameter.
  • values that are calculated on the basis of the determined parameters such as the torque of the drive machine, the integral of the torque of the drive machine over time, the integral of the electrical power over time, the direction of movement as a derivative of the position, the direction of movement as a derivative the acceleration, the direction of movement as a derivative of the distance, the direction of movement in the form of a binary polarity (e.g. + or -), the load, the load depending on the direction of movement, the integral of the load over time, the sum of all loads in an or several intervals, can optionally be calculated by the logic unit and be part of the data set or linked to the data set.
  • a binary polarity e.g. + or -
  • the load can be evaluated in the form of the actual mass, but the load can also be expressed, for example, as the number of people transported, as a percentage of the maximum load or as the electrical or mechanical work expended.
  • the raw data provided by the sensor systems can also be present in such a data record.
  • the data record is temporarily stored by the logic unit and made available to an authorized person on request.
  • the logic unit can also store the data record on a data carrier to save.
  • the data carrier can be exchangeable and suitable for further transport of the data. It is also conceivable that the logic unit actively sends the data record via suitable media when a previously defined condition occurs.
  • the condition can be, for example, the expiry of a previously defined time interval, or the fulfillment of any linked requirements, such as exceeding a previously defined number of journeys with a certain minimum load.
  • All systems suitable for sending data records come into consideration as a suitable medium, such as bus systems, wireless RF systems or packet-based networks.
  • the data record can be temporarily stored, distributed or processed in a decentralized IT infrastructure system, e.g. a cloud.
  • the IT infrastructure system can include a dedicated maintenance and monitoring system.
  • the logic unit can be a dedicated subsystem which, together with the necessary sensors, performs the function according to the invention in relation to an individual elevator system. It is possible that the logic unit forms a unit with one or more sensors of the sensor systems. However, it is also possible that the logic unit is designed to be spatially separated from the respective elevator systems.
  • the logic unit can consist of several subsystems that take on different functions. If the logic unit consists of several sub-systems, it is also possible that individual sub-systems can perform one or more functions equally and thus contribute to the reliability of the system. It is possible for a single logic unit to evaluate the sensor data from several elevator systems.
  • the logic unit is designed as a central server, which evaluates the sensor data of numerous elevator systems and provides a large number of data sets.
  • the communication between the logic unit and the sensor systems takes place via suitable systems, such as analog or digital, wired systems, bus systems, wireless RF systems or packet-based networks.
  • the logic unit can comprise an analog / digital converter which digitizes an analog input value, which can be a parameter of a sensor system.
  • the logic unit can comprise a memory in which a program for calculating the load of the elevator car is stored.
  • the memory can also contain further information, such as, for example, parameters or calibration values that are associated with information correlate via the specific elevator system so that these are available to the program.
  • the information mentioned can already be stored during the production of the logic unit, or also afterwards.
  • the information can be information that is obtained as part of a calibration of the system. The calibration can take place, for example, by means of the values that are obtained through one or more calibration or learning drives.
  • the logic unit can make calculations.
  • the logic unit typically comprises at least one controller which is connected to the memory in such a way that it can execute the program stored on it.
  • the parameters are provided to the logic unit by the respective sensor systems and can be temporarily stored therein.
  • the program is executed in the controller and carries out further operations with the temporarily stored values determined by sensors, which deliver results based on the input values.
  • the program can access the part of the memory that contains the elevator system-specific parameters.
  • the elevator system-specific parameter can be a calibration value with which a measured value can be multiplied, e.g. to calculate the power of the drive machine from the performance parameter or the direction of movement of the elevator car from the movement direction parameter.
  • a first sensor system which supplies a parameter based on the electrical power of the prime mover during operation, which is indicative of the mechanical power of the prime mover.
  • a parameter can be obtained by determining one or more parameters of one or more electrical conductor (s) which connect the drive machine to the energy supply system.
  • the energy supply system can be a frequency converter such as that used for operating synchronous motors as well as asynchronous motors. It can also be a rectifier or converter that is suitable for driving a DC motor. It can also be one or more simple switches that supply an asynchronous motor with three-phase current. Numerous other embodiments and combinations of energy supply systems are known, from which a person skilled in the art can choose depending on the drive technology used.
  • a performance parameter can be obtained by determining one or more parameters of one or more electrical conductor (s) which connect the power supply system of the drive machine to the network connection, for example the building's electricity network.
  • the sensor system for determining the performance parameter comprises at least one sensor.
  • the sensor is a current sensor.
  • the current sensor can be designed to be galvanically separated from the electrical conductor, for example by measuring the magnetic flux density around the electrical conductor. Depending on the drive, it can be an alternating current sensor or a direct current sensor.
  • the current sensor can be designed in such a way that it can be installed without having to be electrically connected in between.
  • the sensor can be designed as a resistor which is interposed in the electrical conductor and across which a voltage drop is measured.
  • the current in the conductor can be determined from the voltage drop.
  • the voltage drop can be determined as the differential voltage between two voltages to ground. In this way, the voltage applied to the drive machine can also be determined.
  • the senor is consequently a current and voltage sensor.
  • a voltage sensor can also be designed in such a way that a voltage is tapped at a connection point of the electrical conductor without interposing a component. Further values such as power, phase shift and power factor can be determined from the current and voltage.
  • the voltage and / or the current can be determined in a time-resolved manner, so that the sensor can also act as a frequency sensor.
  • the sensor can be designed as a temperature sensor that measures the heating of a known resistor, which is indicative of the power transported via the electrical conductor. Numerous other designs for the sensors mentioned are conceivable. The explanations just given are therefore only to be understood as examples.
  • both the network connection and the energy supply system can be designed as three-phase.
  • the performance parameter can be determined using two sensors.
  • the network connection and the energy supply system can be designed as three-phase and additionally have a neutral conductor. In this case, the performance parameter can be determined using three sensors. If it can be assumed that the load is largely the same on all phases, only a single sensor can be used on a single phase.
  • the prime mover comprises an alternating current machine.
  • the combination of voltage and current sensors can be used to determine the power and the phase shift in the electrical conductor, which can also be used to calculate a performance parameter consisting of total power and the information whether the drive is working as a motor or generator.
  • the ratio of current and voltage can also be used to determine whether the prime mover is working as a motor or a generator.
  • the operating mode of the machine can be determined via an additional sensor in the circuit mentioned. If the sensor already supplies suitable data when the prime mover starts up, the data obtained in this way can also be used to determine whether the machine is starting up as a motor or a generator, since, for example, a starting motor, in contrast to a generator, has high electrical power at low speeds having in the electrical conductor.
  • a second sensor system which supplies a parameter which is indicative of the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the direction of movement parameter is determined by at least one air pressure sensor.
  • the air pressure sensor can be attached at a point in the elevator shaft, this being preferably a location in the vicinity of one of the axial ends of the elevator shaft.
  • the direction of movement of the elevator car can be determined in that when the elevator car moves towards the sensor, there is a compression of the air column, as a result of which an increased air pressure is measured by the air pressure sensor.
  • the air pressure sensor is at the bottom of a vertical shaft, the air pressure sensor will detect a higher air pressure when the elevator car is traveling while the elevator car is moving down and will detect a lower air pressure as the elevator car is moving upward.
  • the air pressure sensor can also be placed at the upper end of the shaft in order to measure a higher air pressure when the car is being raised and a lower air pressure when the car is being lowered.
  • the air pressure sensor can likewise be attached to the elevator car.
  • the air pressure sensor will then measure a higher air pressure while the elevator car is traveling when the elevator car moves in the direction of the side on which the air pressure sensor is attached and a lower air pressure when it moves in the opposite direction.
  • the air pressure sensor can be used to measure a hydrostatic pressure when it is installed on the elevator car. The value measured in this way can be used, for example, using the barometric altitude formula or a simple approximation thereof by means of the difference between two measured air pressures, for example an air pressure before the journey and an air pressure after the journey, the direction of movement of the journey can be derived.
  • the air pressure sensor can also be attached to a counterweight of the elevator system.
  • a second, static air pressure sensor is used, which can be used to calibrate the first air pressure sensor.
  • the second air pressure sensor can be located in the elevator shaft, for example. Using suitable methods, e.g. subtracting the measured value of the first air pressure sensor from the measured value of the second air pressure sensor, external influences such as weather-related air pressure fluctuations or temperature influences can be compensated.
  • the sensor system comprises one or more position sensors for determining the position of the elevator car.
  • the position sensor can be designed in such a way that it determines the absolute position of the elevator car in the shaft.
  • the position sensor can also be designed in such a way that it detects the position of the elevator car in relation to another component of the elevator system.
  • the position sensor can indirectly sense the position of the elevator car by sensing the position of another part of the elevator system, such as a counterweight.
  • suitable position, distance and speed sensors Magnetic tape sensors, pulse generators and counters, (laser) interferometers, (laser) transit time measurement, (laser) phase modulation, (laser) Triangulation, luminous flux sensor, radar, ultrasonic range finder, Ultrasonic speed sensor, rotary encoder on the traction sheave, etc.
  • Positions can also be determined while driving.
  • the sensor system comprises one or more acceleration sensors.
  • the acceleration sensor can be attached to all positions of the elevator system that experience an acceleration force when starting and braking the elevator car, in particular the elevator car or the counterweight as well as the traction sheave, the suspension element, the pulley or other parts of the elevator system that move during operation.
  • the direction of movement parameter can be derived from the signal of the acceleration sensor by determining whether the acceleration force acting on the sensor is smaller or larger than the acceleration due to gravity. If the sensor is installed in or on the elevator car, for example, and the signal from the acceleration sensor corresponds to an acceleration force that is lower than that of the acceleration due to gravity when the elevator car starts up, it can be concluded from the direction of movement parameter measured by the acceleration sensor that the elevator car is moving downwards . Likewise, the direction of movement parameter when starting the elevator car will correspond to a higher acceleration when it is moved upwards. A reversal of the effects naturally occurs when the acceleration sensor is installed on the counterweight.
  • the signal from the acceleration sensor is evaluated using evaluation methods that increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor.
  • the evaluation method can be integrated in the sensor or in the logic unit. For example, a longer sliding time average of the sensor value, spanning 30 seconds to 5 minutes, for example, can be formed in order to obtain a base value. For example, a further, shorter sliding means can be formed, the duration of which corresponds approximately to the acceleration time of the elevator car in normal operation.
  • a movement direction parameter can be obtained if the longer moving average is compared with the shorter moving average, e.g. a movement can then be inferred and a movement direction parameter can be obtained if the longer moving average exceeds the shorter moving average by more than a predetermined value exceeds or falls below.
  • the specified value can be in the range of 0.1 - 20%, e.g. 1 - 5%.
  • the sensor system comprises a number of sensors for determining the orientation of the rotating field with which the drive machine, which is designed as a three-phase machine, is supplied.
  • the embodiment is based on the fact that the direction of rotation of the drive machine correlates with the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the sensors for determining the orientation of the rotating field can be sensors of the first sensor system for determining the performance parameter.
  • individual or all sensors of the first sensor system for determining the performance parameter can also be sensors of the second sensor system for determining the direction of movement parameter.
  • the sensor system for determining the direction of movement parameter based on the orientation of the rotating field can be designed as a simple rotating field measuring device and typically includes a voltage measurement of three phases at suitable points on the electrical conductors that connect the drive machine to the energy supply system. Other arrangements are also conceivable, depending on the design of the drive machine or the energy supply system.
  • the elevator system includes a counterweight.
  • the counterweight is used, among other things, to reduce the force required to transport a fully loaded elevator car and thus make it possible to use a smaller-sized drive machine.
  • the counterweight is typically dimensioned in such a way that an empty elevator car and an elevator car loaded with the maximum load require the same force for transportation. Typically, this has the consequence that with a half-loaded cabin, only a minimum of power and thus performance is required. In this case, we speak of a 50% compensation.
  • Counterweights with different dimensions can also be used. A compensation of 10% to 90% of the maximum load is conceivable. For example counterweights can be designed in such a way that they compensate about 30% of the maximum load.
  • the elevator system does not include a counterweight.
  • a counterweight means that it cannot be concluded from the power of the drive machine alone whether a predominantly empty car is being transported downwards or a predominantly full car upwards, since the same energy must be used in both cases.
  • information about the direction of movement of the elevator car is advantageous in addition to the power of the drive machine.
  • the invention comprises a method by means of which the load of the elevator car can be determined.
  • the method can be implemented in the logic unit.
  • the method includes measuring a performance parameter of the electrical conductors by means of a first sensor system and measuring the direction of movement parameter of the elevator car by means of a second sensor system.
  • the parameters measured by the sensor systems are made available to the logic unit.
  • the parameter can be converted into a digital value.
  • the conversion of the parameter can already take place in the sensor system or it can be a function of the logic unit.
  • the parameter can consist of several partial values, for example when the sensor system comprises several sensors and the parameter contains several measured values.
  • the method determines the performance of the drive machine from the performance parameter and the direction of movement of the elevator car from the movement direction parameter. The method then determines the load on the elevator car from the power and the direction of movement.
  • the first sensor system determines the performance parameter of the drive machine when the power consumption of the machine has leveled itself to a stable value during operation (in steady-state operation).
  • This performance parameter is indicative of the power consumption of the prime mover (e.g. in steady-state operation), i.e. indicates the power and / or allows the power to be determined by means of a unique function (e.g. by means of multiplication with a constant, application of another function, and / or access to tabular stored Values).
  • the power consumption is also defined for the case that electrical power is generated and output by the machine.
  • the performance parameter can indicate the (positive) absolute amount of the power consumption or have the opposite (negative) sign.
  • the sign of the performance parameter contains a statement as to whether the drive machine is consuming or outputting power; in the first case, this information cannot be identified from the power consumption.
  • the performance parameter can have a first (e.g. positive) sign when power is consumed and a second (e.g. negative) sign different from the first sign when power is output.
  • the method only determines a power of the drive machine if a direction of movement parameter was previously determined and it is clear from the direction of movement parameter that the elevator car has moved and accordingly the power of the drive machine was used to drive the elevator car.
  • the second sensor system detects a direction of movement parameter during operation, which indicates the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the direction of movement can be determined by determining the difference between the characteristic quantity of the direction of movement and a previously determined reference value.
  • a direction of movement parameter is recorded before the operation, that is to say before the journey, and after the operation, that is to say after the journey.
  • the direction of movement of the elevator car can be obtained by determining the difference between the two parameters of the direction of movement, for example by subtracting the values from one another.
  • the direction of movement of the elevator car can be expressed as a positive value if the measured value is greater than the reference value or the first sensor value is greater than the second sensor value (and vice versa).
  • a value of +1 can correspond to an elevator car traveling upwards and a value of -1 to an elevator car traveling downwards.
  • the direction of movement parameter can serve to restrict the solution space of a system of equations that calculates a load of the elevator car from the power of the drive machine in such a way that an unambiguous determination is possible.
  • the method can make use of the usual mathematical methods or also use algorithms or programs.
  • v the absolute value of the speed of the car (in m / s), g the gravitational constant, and d the direction of movement (+1 or -1 as stated above).
  • v the absolute value of the speed of the car (in m / s), g the gravitational constant, and d the direction of movement (+1 or -1 as stated above).
  • v the absolute value of the speed of the car (in m / s), g the gravitational constant, and d the direction of movement (+1 or -1 as stated above).
  • d the absolute value of the speed of the car (in
  • the method accordingly includes a function for compensating for such disruptive influences.
  • the logic unit can also correlate the parameters with the values to be determined by comparing them with tables, characteristic curves or characteristic diagrams stored in the memory of the logic unit and thus deliver results.
  • the results can be intermediate results that are used to determine a final result.
  • the determination of the final result can be done in the same way as the determination of the intermediate results.
  • Other methods or algorithms for determining the results for example of power and direction of movement from the parameters of the sensor systems, as well as determining the load of the elevator car from the intermediate results, such as neural networks or machine learning, can be part of the method.
  • the calculated or determined values can be stored by the logic unit.
  • the calculated or determined values can also be transitive and discarded after the determination of the subsequent value.
  • the calculated or determined values can be linked to other values that are not part of the method.
  • the method includes a possibility of calibration, so that, for example, the sensor systems or parts thereof can be calibrated in such a way that the values determined therefrom lie within a confidence interval.
  • the calibration can take place through one or more calibration runs.
  • the calibration includes a first learning trip with an empty elevator car and a second learning trip with a known load, for example the body weight of a fitter.
  • the method includes the possibility of self-calibration.
  • the values obtained through the calibration can be stored in the logic unit in the form of tables, characteristic curves or characteristic diagrams or the like.
  • the method comprises providing the measured, determined and / or calculated values in the form of a data record.
  • the record can be provided as it has already been described in connection with the logic unit.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary elevator system 100 is shown, which can usually occur in this form in buildings, but also in ships or other vertically extending structures.
  • the elevator system comprises an elevator car 110, often also referred to as an elevator car, and a counterweight 102 in a shaft 101.
  • the shaft usually extends predominantly vertically, preferably with an inclination of less than 15 °.
  • the cabin 110 and the counterweight 102 are suspended from a support means 103 which is guided over one or more deflection rollers 104.
  • the construction chosen for illustration corresponds to a 1: 1 suspension with 50% weight compensation; It is known to those skilled in the art that numerous types of suspension with a different number or configuration of deflection rollers, counterweights and suspension elements are possible.
  • the suspension element 103 is guided over a drive pulley 105 and driven by it.
  • the traction sheave 105 is mechanically connected to the drive machine 120, so that the drive machine 120 can transmit mechanical energy to it.
  • the prime mover 120 may include a transmission.
  • a drive pulley 105 a drive drum or a direct drive can also be possible.
  • the drive machine 120 and traction sheave 105 are installed at the upper end of the elevator system 100. Typically, these and other parts of the drive are provided in a separate machine room (not shown), but the elevator system 100 can also be designed without a machine room.
  • the machine room or the place where the drive components are housed can be also at other positions that do not necessarily have to be in spatial proximity to the elevator shaft 101.
  • the drive components can form a unit with the elevator car.
  • the drive machine 120 typically also has the function of a brake in order to enable a controlled travel of the elevator car 110 even in the case of mechanical energy being released.
  • the braking function can be ensured in various ways by the drive machine 120, for example by a mechanical brake, which can also act as a parking brake, or by an electromotive brake, also known as a dynamo brake, and a direct current or counter current brake.
  • the drive machine 120 is connected to the energy supply system 121 via electrical conductors 122. The number of conductors depends on the type of drive machine 120.
  • the wiring of the motor also influences the number of conductors required, e.g. with a delta connection, also known as a delta connection, in contrast to a star connection, there is no need for a neutral conductor.
  • the electrical conductors 122 can also be sensor lines or data connections which supply the energy supply system 121 with information about corresponding operating states of the drive machine 120. Numerous other drive forms and wiring options are known to the person skilled in the art, so that they will not be discussed in more detail here.
  • the energy supply system 121 is connected with the electrical conductors 123 to a network connection 124, which is, for example, a building electricity network.
  • the network connection provides electrical energy to the energy supply system 121, an embodiment in the form of a network or network not being absolutely necessary; the connection 124 can, for example, also be fed solely by a dedicated generator, for example an emergency power unit.
  • the network connection 124 preferably feeds the energy supply system 121 with an essentially constant nominal voltage and frequency.
  • the electrical conductors 123 for example with one or more, for example three, outer conductors.
  • the mains connection is three-phase.
  • the network connection additionally comprises a neutral conductor.
  • the energy supply system 121 supplies the drive machine 120 with the energy necessary for operation.
  • the design depends on the manner in which the prime mover 120 is operated.
  • the drive machine 120 comprises a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the energy supply system 121 is typically a frequency converter, also called a frequency converter, which feeds the drive machine 120 in multiple phases with a variable frequency that is ideally dependent on the current operating state of the drive machine 120 and adapted to it.
  • Other designs are known in particular from older elevator systems, for example the motor of the drive machine 120 can be a direct current motor that is fed by a rectifier, for example a converter, this rectifier forming the energy supply system 121 or a part thereof.
  • a particularly simple embodiment of the energy supply system 121 is possible if the drive machine 120 comprises an asynchronous motor, since the supply system 121 only has the task of correct coil wiring in the case of a suitable supply through the mains connection 124. Further combinations of drive machine 120 and energy supply system 121 are possible, so that the possibilities mentioned are only examples.
  • the elevator system 100 comprises a first sensor system 130 for measuring a performance characteristic of an electrical power flowing through the electrical conductors 122.
  • the further first sensor system 131 can also measure a power parameter of an electrical power flowing through the electrical conductor 123.
  • the first sensor system 130, 131 comprises a large number of possible sensors, which have already been described earlier in terms of their function and their possible combinations.
  • the first sensor system 130, 131 provides the performance characteristic of the logic unit 150 (dashed line).
  • the elevator system 100 comprises a second sensor system 140 for measuring a characteristic variable of the direction of movement of the elevator car.
  • the sensor system 140 is attached to the outer top side of the elevator car 110, but it can also be attached to it be attached to one of the outer sides or to the floor of the elevator car 110.
  • the sensor system can also be attached to the inside or between the inside and outside cladding of the elevator car 110.
  • the sensor system 140 is typically set up to determine the direction of movement parameter on the basis of air pressure, the distance of the elevator car 110 from any point, or the position of the car 110 or the like.
  • the elevator system 100 comprises a further second sensor system 141 for measuring a movement direction parameter of the elevator car 110, which is placed in the vicinity of the drive machine 120, for example in the vicinity of the traction sheave 105, and the movement direction parameter based on properties of the drive system during operation, for example the direction of rotation of the traction sheave 105 is determined.
  • the elevator system 100 comprises a further second sensor system 142 for measuring a movement direction parameter of the elevator car 110, which is placed on the counterweight 102.
  • values such as those measured by the second sensor system 140 can also be determined by the second sensor system 142, a value being obtained as a rule which correlates with the opposite of the direction of movement that the elevator car 110 performs.
  • the elevator system 100 comprises a further second sensor system 143 for measuring a movement direction parameter of the elevator car 110, which is placed on the floor of the elevator shaft 101.
  • the second sensor system 143 can also be attached to the ceiling of the shaft 101 or to one of the side walls.
  • the sensor system 143 is typically set up to determine the distance between the elevator car 110 or the counterweight 102 in relation to the sensor system.
  • the sensor system 143 can also be set up to detect the direction of movement of the elevator car 110 or counterweight 102 during operation.
  • the second sensor system 140-143 also provides the direction of movement parameter to the logic unit 150 (dashed line).
  • the logic unit 150 determines the load of the elevator car from the performance parameter of the first sensor system 130, 131 and the movement direction parameter of the second sensor system 140-143. For this purpose, the power of the drive system 120 and the direction of movement of the elevator car 110 are typically first determined as an intermediate step.
  • the logic unit is typically housed in the machine room and its dimensions can correspond, for example, to an expansion module in the nano-ITX form factor.
  • Fig. 2a serves to illustrate the exemplary graphical relationship between power P, direction of movement, load compensation L A and load L.
  • the power of the prime mover P was plotted against the load L, expressed as part of the maximum load. An approximately linear relationship is assumed.
  • the speed of the elevator car is always the same during operation.
  • the prime mover operates as a motor.
  • the release of mechanical energy, including braking power, is expressed by a negative sign.
  • P min and -P min are equal, but this is typically not the case.
  • the direction of movement and the load L can be inferred from the power P alone.
  • the load compensation corresponds to 50% of the maximum load of the elevator car. It can be seen that at the point of ideal compensation, i.e. at 50% of the maximum load, the energy required to transport the elevator car becomes minimal (P min ). It can also be seen that the necessary maximum power decreases by 50% compared to a zero compensation, so the drive machine can be dimensioned smaller. It can also be seen that energy is released in the range of 0-50% of the maximum load when the elevator car moves upwards; energy must only be used in the range of 50-100% load. Exactly the opposite is true when driving down. Since the dead weight of the elevator car is also compensated, P min and - P min are also smaller in this case than in the case without compensation.
  • any arbitrary load balancing values can be described by two load sections, one of the sections by a system without load balancing and the second section by a system with 50% load balancing in the load range 0% to 2 L A (in the case from 0% ⁇ L A ⁇ 50%) or 50% to 2 ⁇ (1 - L A ) (in the case of 50% ⁇ L A ⁇ 100%), where L A corresponds to the balanced load.
  • a performance parameter is measured which is indicative of the performance of the prime mover.
  • the performance characteristic can be provided by the first sensor system 130, 131.
  • the power of the drive machine is determined from the power parameter.
  • the specific power contains information about whether the power is driving power or braking power. A braking power is expressed, for example, with a negative sign.
  • step 202 a measurement of the direction of movement parameter of the elevator car takes place in step 202.
  • the direction of movement parameter can be provided by the second sensor system 140-143.
  • step 212 the direction of movement of the elevator car is determined from the direction of movement parameter. Steps 202 and 212 can be dispensed with if the load of the elevator car can already be clearly determined from the power of the drive machine.
  • step 220 the result values from steps 211 and 212 are converted using a method which is based on the in connection with Fig. 2a described model works, determines the load of the elevator car.
  • the elevator system 100 is a passenger elevator with 1: 1 suspension and a counterweight with 50% compensation.
  • the drive takes place with a gearless drive system 120, which comprises a permanent magnet excited synchronous motor.
  • the drive system is fed by a frequency converter as the supply system 121.
  • the drive system 120 brakes mechanically and additionally electrically, in that the electrical energy produced by the motor is dissipated via a resistor network that is part of the supply system 121.
  • An inductive current sensor on one of the phases of the electrical conductor 123 and a voltage sensor on the same phase serve as the first sensor system 130.
  • An ultrasonic sensor 143 is used as the second sensor system, which provides a characteristic variable for the direction of movement by measuring the frequency shift of the reflection due to the Doppler effect, as well as an acceleration sensor 142 on the counterweight 102.
  • the sensor system 130 and the sensor system 142, 143 are connected to the logic unit 150 by means of a WLAN connection.
  • the logic unit is housed in the machine room.
  • the logic unit 150 evaluates the following parameters according to method 200:
  • the performance parameter contains the current of a conductor of the electrical conductors 123 during operation.
  • a characteristic map is used to calculate from the performance parameter that the drive machine 120 is operated as a motor with an output of 20 kW.
  • the frequency of the reflected ultrasonic signal is determined from the direction of movement parameter by means of a Fourier transformation and, by comparison with the higher-frequency original signal, it is determined that the elevator car is moving away from the sensor, i.e. upwards. From the electrical power and the direction of movement, it is now determined by comparison with a previously recorded table that an upward transport with a power of 20 kW corresponds to a load of 640 kg.
  • the logic unit 150 evaluates the following parameters according to method 200:
  • the performance parameter contains both the current and the voltage of a conductor of the electrical conductor 122 during operation, resolved in time. From the parameters, by determining the phase shift, it is established that the drive machine 120 is working as a generator and is delivering a braking power of 5 kW to the energy supply system 121. Since it is a question of braking power, the value is determined as -5 kW. From the direction of movement parameter of the sensor system 142 on the counterweight 102, it is determined that the sensor measured a higher acceleration than the acceleration due to gravity when the elevator car 110 was braked at the end of the journey, and it was concluded that the counterweight 102 went down and thus the elevator car 110 went up . From the electrical power and the direction of movement, it is now determined by comparison with a previously recorded table that an upward transport with a power of -5 kW corresponds to a load of 30 kg.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
EP20151218.3A 2020-01-10 2020-01-10 Système de mesure de la charge dans un système d'ascenseur ainsi que procédé de détermination de la charge d'une cabine d'ascenseur Active EP3848314B1 (fr)

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EP20151218.3A EP3848314B1 (fr) 2020-01-10 2020-01-10 Système de mesure de la charge dans un système d'ascenseur ainsi que procédé de détermination de la charge d'une cabine d'ascenseur
ES20151218T ES2962692T3 (es) 2020-01-10 2020-01-10 Sistema para medir la carga en un sistema de ascensor y procedimiento para determinar la carga de una cabina de ascensor

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021102077A1 (de) 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Movecat GmbH Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Belastungen einer Hebe- oder Transportvorrichtung mit elektrischem Antrieb
CN117735352A (zh) * 2024-01-26 2024-03-22 广州励心物联科技有限公司 一种电梯运行方向判断方法、系统及设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779439A (en) * 1955-03-25 1957-01-29 Haughton Elevator Company Automatic elevator current operated by-pass control
US4053742A (en) 1976-12-20 1977-10-11 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company Energy measuring systems adapted for use in conjunction with load moving and weight indicating devices
EP0755894A1 (fr) 1995-07-26 1997-01-29 Inventio Ag Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer la charge dans une cabine d'ascenseur
US5859373A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-01-12 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for determining the instantaneous and continuous loads on a lifting mechanism
DE19802674A1 (de) * 1998-01-24 1999-09-09 Ertl Verfahren zur Gewichtsmessung in Hubvorrichtungen
US20150274485A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Corporation Elevator load detection system and method
WO2016091919A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Procédé de détermination d'une charge dans une cabine d'un système d'ascenseur

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779439A (en) * 1955-03-25 1957-01-29 Haughton Elevator Company Automatic elevator current operated by-pass control
US4053742A (en) 1976-12-20 1977-10-11 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company Energy measuring systems adapted for use in conjunction with load moving and weight indicating devices
EP0755894A1 (fr) 1995-07-26 1997-01-29 Inventio Ag Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer la charge dans une cabine d'ascenseur
US5859373A (en) * 1996-04-19 1999-01-12 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for determining the instantaneous and continuous loads on a lifting mechanism
DE19802674A1 (de) * 1998-01-24 1999-09-09 Ertl Verfahren zur Gewichtsmessung in Hubvorrichtungen
US20150274485A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Corporation Elevator load detection system and method
WO2016091919A1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Procédé de détermination d'une charge dans une cabine d'un système d'ascenseur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021102077A1 (de) 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Movecat GmbH Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Belastungen einer Hebe- oder Transportvorrichtung mit elektrischem Antrieb
CN117735352A (zh) * 2024-01-26 2024-03-22 广州励心物联科技有限公司 一种电梯运行方向判断方法、系统及设备

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