EP3848021A1 - Composition d'injection de nimodipine et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Composition d'injection de nimodipine et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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EP3848021A1
EP3848021A1 EP19857267.9A EP19857267A EP3848021A1 EP 3848021 A1 EP3848021 A1 EP 3848021A1 EP 19857267 A EP19857267 A EP 19857267A EP 3848021 A1 EP3848021 A1 EP 3848021A1
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Prior art keywords
injection
nimodipine
composition
oil
emulsion
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EP3848021A4 (fr
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Shan Gao
Lijing MAO
Hong Li
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JIANGSU JIUXU PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
LI, HONG
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Jiangsu Jiuxu Haitian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/547—Chelates, e.g. Gd-DOTA or Zinc-amino acid chelates; Chelate-forming compounds, e.g. DOTA or ethylenediamine being covalently linked or complexed to the pharmacologically- or therapeutically-active agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of medical technology, and relates to a composition injection and preparation method and non-clinical safety thereof.
  • Nimodipine also known as Nimotop, is a second-generation pyridines calcium antagonist. Nimodipine injection was developed and launched by Bayer in Germany in April 1985. Now there are more than 100 manufacturers in China. Nimodipine is easy to penetrate the blood-brain barrier due to its high lipophilicity. In addition, it can selectively dilate cerebral vessels and significantly reverse the spasm of the basilar artery and anterior spinal artery. Therefore, it is clinically used to treat hypertension, stroke, migraine, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and other cerebral hemorrhage diseases. Currently, it is the preferred drug for treating cerebrovascular diseases, especially for senile dementia.
  • nimodipine preparations commonly used clinically include tablets, capsules, and injections.
  • Nimodipine is insoluble in water, with low solubility and strong liver first-pass effect, reducing the oral bioavailability which is 5-13% and 3-28% respectively in healthy subjects and patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • With a short biological half-life (about 1.5-2h) frequent administration is required, i.e. 3-4 times per day, besides the inconvenience for administration, resulting in a "peak-and-valley" pattern of plasma concentration bringing toxic and side effects.
  • nimodipine injections used clinically Due to its insolubility in water, all nimodipine injections used clinically contain high-concentration ethanol for solubilization, which is very irritating to skin and blood vessels. Hence, nimodipine must be administered by dripping at a slow rate of 1-2 mg/h, otherwise, no patient can tolerate its side effects, that is, 10 mg dose generally requires at least 5 hours. Moreover, it must be infused into the body as a mixture with glucose or normal saline, or separately but synchronously with glucose or normal saline with a special three-way infusion set. In most cases, nimodipine injection is transferred to an infusion bottle for mixing evenly before use.
  • Nimodipine injection is a water-insoluble preparation containing ethanol as it is soluble in ethanol but insoluble in water. When it is co-administrated with other injections, crystallization can be present, which decreases the concentration and effectiveness of the drug and endangers patients to some extent.
  • nimodipine i.e. ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the solubility is different in solvents for different crystalline forms.
  • the ⁇ -type has a melting point of 124-125°C and good solubility in water (3.6 ⁇ g/mL), while the ⁇ -type has a melting point of 114-116°C and the solubility in water of 2.5 ⁇ g/mL.
  • the solubility in an oil phase was not reported yet.
  • the present invention compares the solubility in oils between a kind of commercial nimodipine ( ⁇ -type, Xinhua Pharmaceutical) and self-made nimodipine (a-type), and it is found that their solubility in oils is much greater than that in water. Furthermore, the solubility of ⁇ -type is much greater than that of ⁇ -type both in the medium-chain fatty oil and the mixture of soybean oil and medium-chain fatty oil (see the table below). Therefore, formulating ⁇ -type nimodipine into a fat emulsion injection may solve the problems of low drug loading efficiency, poor safety, and poor stability occurring in its solution for injection and other fat emulsions for injection developed by the prior art.
  • Solubility Test for Nimodipine in Oil Phase (mg/mL) Source of Raw Materials Soybean Oil Medium-chain Oil Soybean Oil: Medium-chain Oil (4: 6) Water ⁇ -type (normal temperature) 6.7 11.8 11.0 0.0036 ⁇ -type (normal temperature) 7.5 23.22 18.1 0.0025
  • the main component(s) of emulsion injection such as soybean oil, medium-chain fatty oil, and the mixture thereof not only act as non-toxic solvent(s), but also introduce and dissolve fat-soluble drug into the lipid core of emulsion particles, the drug is then metabolized and slowly released along with lipid droplets so as to maintain effective plasma concentration and reduce its toxic and side effects.
  • the emulsion injection with the composition in the present invention has many other advantages, including increased solubility of nimodipine, increased drug loading efficiency, reduced drug hydrolysis, increased stability, and reduced toxicity, showing a good clinical application prospect.
  • Tween 80 is used in the prescription of an issued patent in China with the application number 200910021091.6 .
  • the cosolvent benzyl alcohol is used in the prescription of another issued patent in China with the application number 200510081668.4 .
  • Benzyl alcohol has the functions of disinfection, antisepsis, and local anesthesia. It is used as a bacteriostatic agent and analgesic agent in injections but with hemolysis action. Intramuscular injection for pediatrics containing benzyl alcohol may cause gluteal muscle contracture. There are strict restrictions on the use of bacteriostatic agents in intravenous injections under the section "Injections" in the Appendix to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Editi on), so it is not recommended. Meanwhile, the crystalline forms are not considered for all the current nimodipine emulsions. The crystalline forms other than ⁇ -type have low solubility and poor drug loading efficiency, and tend to crystalize during storage, reducing product stability. Considering the above-mentioned problems in the stability and safety of nimodipine compositions, it is necessary to develop a new nimodipine emulsion composition to meet the clinical needs.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a nimodipine injection composition which comprises the following components: nimodipine, oil for injection, emulsifier, complexing agent, stabilizer, and osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • the said injection composition comprises 0.02-0.23% of nimodipine, 2-30% of oil for injection, 0.8-3% of emulsifier, 0-0.1% of complexing agent, 0-0.3% of stabilizer, and 1-3% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • One preferred proportion is 0.04-0.20% of nimodipine, 3-20% of oil for injection, 1-2.5% of emulsifier, 0-0.05% of complexing agent, 0-0.2% of stabilizer, and 2-3% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • a more preferred proportion is 0.08-0.18% of nimodipine, 8-12% of oil for injection, 1-2% of emulsifier, 0-0.01% of complexing agent, 0-0.1% of stabilizer and 2-2.5% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • the pH value of the formulated nimodipine injection composition is 6.0-8.5, preferably 6.5-8.0, and more preferably 7.0-7.5.
  • the mean particle size of the formulated nimodipine injection compositions is 100-600 nm, preferably 120-400 nm, and more preferably 140-300 nm.
  • the said nimodipine is selected from ⁇ -type or ⁇ -type, preferably ⁇ -type with the melting point of 114-116°C.
  • the emulsifier in the said injection composition is selected from soya lecithin or egg yolk lecithin.
  • the soya lecithin or egg yolk lecithin in the said injection composition contains 60-90% of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 2-20% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), preferably 70-85% for phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 5-18% for phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE).
  • PC phosphatidylcholine
  • PE phosphatidyl ethanolamine
  • the complexing agent(s) in the said injection composition may be selected one or more from calcium disodium edetate, disodium edetate, sodium edetate, and edetate acid, preferable disodium edetate.
  • the oil for injection is selected from soybean oil for injection, or medium-chain triglyceride for injection, or the mixture thereof.
  • the mixture of them is preferred, with a mass ratio of soybean oil for injection and medium-chain triglyceride for injection preferably at 2:8-5:5, more preferably at 4:6-5:5, and most preferably at 4:6.
  • the preferred stabilizer is oleic acid or sodium oleate.
  • the osmotic pressure adjusting agent is glycerol.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the nimodipine injection composition.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: the injection composition contains no solubilizer ethanol, avoiding irritation to skin and blood vessels.
  • the emulsification and solubilization required by the nimodipine injection are achieved without adding auxiliary emulsifiers such as Tween 80 and cosolvents such as benzyl alcohol.
  • auxiliary emulsifiers such as Tween 80
  • cosolvents such as benzyl alcohol.
  • the zebrafish-based cardiovascular toxicity experiments showed that the injection with the composition of this invention would also induce cardiovascular toxicity, such as decreased heart rate, atrial arrest, pericardial edema, and circulatory deficiency as the other three types of nimodipine (the drug substance, solution for injection, and emulsion formulated by existing technology) did.
  • cardiovascular toxicity such as decreased heart rate, atrial arrest, pericardial edema, and circulatory deficiency as the other three types of nimodipine (the drug substance, solution for injection, and emulsion formulated by existing technology) did.
  • the maximum non-lethal concentration of the injection with the invented composition was up to 10 ⁇ g/mL, which was 4 times that of the former two, and 2 times that of the latter, indicating that the toxicity induced by the injection of this invented composition in zebrafish is much less than that of nimodipine drug substance, nimodipine solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by existing technology.
  • nimodipine solution for injection the experimental results in rats showed that there were significant toxic and adverse effects in the high dose group, with the death of several rats during the administration. After multiple doses of the nimodipine solution for injection, several animals developed significant phlebitis and tail ulceration. However, for the injection with the composition of this invention, there were no deaths or any other observed adverse effects in neither dose group during the administration.
  • the technical protocol of the invention is as follows:
  • the nimodipine injection composition comprises the following components in parts by mass concentration: 0.02-0.23% of nimodipine, 2-30% of oil for injection, 0.8-3% of emulsifier, 0-0.1% of complexing agent, 0-0.3% of stabilizer, 1-3% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • One preferred proportion is 0.04-0.20% of nimodipine, 3-20% of oil for injection, 1-2.5% of emulsifier, 0-0.05% of complexing agent, 0-0.2% of stabilizer, and 2-3% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • a more preferred proportion is 0.08-0.18% of nimodipine, 8-12% of oil for injection, 1-2% of emulsifier, 0-0.01% of complexing agent, 0-0.1% of stabilizer and 2-2.5% of osmotic pressure adjusting agent.
  • the pH value of the formulated nimodipine injection composition is 6.0-8.5, preferably 6.5-8.0, and more preferably 7.0-7.5.
  • the mean particle size of the formulated nimodipine injection compositions is 100-600 nm, preferably 120-400 nm, and more preferably 140-300 nm.
  • the said nimodipine is selected from ⁇ -type or ⁇ -type, preferably ⁇ -type with the melting point of 114-116°C.
  • the emulsifier(s) may be selected one or more from soya lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated soybean phospholipid and hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin.
  • the complexing agent(s) may be selected one or more from calcium disodium edetate, disodium edetate, sodium edetate and edetate acid.
  • the preferred stabilizer is oleic acid or sodium oleate.
  • the osmotic pressure adjusting agent is glycerol.
  • the pH value of the nimodipine injection composition is 6.0-8.5, preferably 6.5-8.0, and more preferably 7.0-7.5.
  • the mean particle size of the nimodipine injection composition is 100-600 nm, preferably 120-400 nm, and more preferably 140-300 nm.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for preparing nimodipine injection composition, comprising the following steps:
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the preparation method is the same as Example 1.
  • the pH value is 7.2, and the mean particle size is 296 nm.
  • the preparation method is the same as Example 1.
  • the pH value is 7.9 and the mean particle size is 600 nm.
  • the preparation method is the same as Example 1.
  • the pH value is 6.8 and the mean particle size is 146 nm.
  • the preparation method is the same as Example 1.
  • the pH value is 6.5 and the mean particle size is 352 nm.
  • the preparation method is the same as Example 1.
  • the pH value is 8.5 and the mean particle size is 246 nm.
  • the test includes the following steps: transfer two parts of the composition injection of the present invention (each 30 ml) to a 250 ml volumetric flask, dilute to volume with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% glucose injection, respectively and mix well to obtain the compatibility test solution. Measure the pH value and emulsion particle size, related substances and assay of the above solutions at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 12 h, respectively. The results are listed in the table below.
  • composition injection of the present invention diluted with glucose injection or sodium chloride injection in clinical use is safe and reliable within 12 h.
  • composition injection of the present invention was placed under the condition of 25 ⁇ 2°C, protected from light, sampled once at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months, respectively, tested according to the key items of stability study, and compared with the values at 0 month.
  • Table 7 Long-term Stability Study of the Composition Injection of the Present Invention Tests Month 0 Month 3 Month 6 Month 9 Month 12 Month 18 Description White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion White homogeneous emulsion Identification Conformed Conformed Conformed Conformed Conformed Conformed Conformed Conformed pH 7.28 7.23 7.07 7.04 6.84 6.75 Osmolality (mOsmol/Kg) 295 299 295 309 304 305 Free Fatty Acid (mmol/L) 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.8
  • each group was then intravenously injected with 8 and 4 mg/kg of the composition injection of the present invention, 8 and 4 mg/kg of nimodipine emulsion prepared by the patented process of the prior art (Application No.: 200910021091.6 , containing Tween 80 in the formulation), 100 mg/kg of bovine serum albumin, and 10 mL/kg of 0.9% NaCl Injection, together with 1 mL/animal of 1% Evans blue solution for the stimulation.
  • sensitized rats had passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions to the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art, while no passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to the composition injection of the present invention.
  • Healthy white guinea pigs were sensitized intraperitoneally of the composition injection of the present invention at doses of 4 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, every other day for 3 consecutive times.
  • the composition injection of the present invention was single intravenous injected at the sensitizing dose for the stimulation.
  • the sensitization and stimulation test methods of the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art were the same as above.
  • the guinea pigs in the high-dose group of the composition injection of the present invention immediately (about 1 minute) developed prone immobility, followed by death and other similar anaphylaxis reactions, with a mortality of 100%. No significant abnormal reaction was observed in the guinea pigs in the low-dose group.
  • both high- and low-dose groups of nimodipine emulsion of the prior art developed prone immobility, followed by death and other similar anaphylaxis reactions, with a mortality rate of 100% in the high dose group and 40% in the low dose group respectively.
  • the guinea pigs in the high- and low-dose groups of the composition injection of the present invention, the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art and the bovine serum albumin positive control group had no obvious abnormal reaction during sensitization, and their average body weight at the first sensitization, last sensitization and challenge was similar to that of the 0.9% NaCl injection negative control group at the corresponding time (P > 0.05).
  • the guinea pigs in the bovine serum albumin positive control group had obvious anaphylaxis reaction symptoms, mainly manifested as restlessness, piloerection, shivering, scratching nose, sneezing, cough, shortness of breath, urination, lacrimation, dyspnea, instability of gait, wheezing, jumping, spasm and even death.
  • the intensity of anaphylaxis reaction was + + ⁇ + + + +, the death happened about 5 minutes after administration, and the surviving guinea pigs with anaphylaxis reaction gradually returned to normal within 30 minutes after administration, with a total reaction rate at 100%, and a mortality rate at 50%.
  • guinea pigs had anaphylaxis reactions to 2 mg/kg of nimodipine emulsion of the prior art, while no anaphylaxis reaction to 2 mg/kg of the composition injection of the present invention.
  • each tube of 0.1 ⁇ 0.5 mL of the composition injection of the present invention showed no hemolysis or agglutination within 3 hours, just the same as the negative control tube of 0.9% NaCl Injection.
  • the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art and distilled water positive control tube all showed complete hemolysis at each time point. Under the conditions of the test, the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art had hemolysis and agglutination effects, while the composition injection of the present invention had no hemolysis and agglutination effects.
  • Rabbits were slowly injected with 1 mg (10 mL)/(kg.d) of the composition injection of the present invention and the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art, respectively, once daily for 7 consecutive days, in the ear vein (blood vessel). Necropsy was performed 96 hours after drug withdrawal, and gross observation showed no obvious abnormality for nimodipine emulsion of both the present invention and the prior art.
  • both the composition injection of the present invention and the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art had no significant irritating effect on the ear veins (blood vessels) of rabbits.
  • Rabbits were injected with 0.1 mg (1 mL)/(kg.d) of the composition injection of the present invention and the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art, respectively, once daily for 7 consecutive days, in the quadriceps femoris of both the left and right legs.
  • 8 rabbits showed congestion lesions of less than 0.5 ⁇ 1.0 cm at the injection site in one leg; other rabbits showed no significant congestion, swelling nor necrosis lesions at the injection site, with the sum of reaction grades for all quadriceps femoris up to 4, less than 6.
  • Histopathological examination showed lesions mainly as small-focal or micro-focal interstitial hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltration in the quadriceps femoris at the injection site, with mild cloudy swelling or basophilic degeneration in muscle fiber in some lesions, only slightly more severe compared with the 0.9% NaCl Injection control group examined at the same period, but with a limited overall lesion range, without significant extensive muscle fiber degeneration, necrosis nor interstitial inflammatory infiltration, congestion, hemorrhage, edema nor other serious irritant lesions.
  • both the composition injection of the present invention and the nimodipine emulsion of the prior art had no significant irritation effect on quadriceps femoris of rabbits.
  • the drugs to be tested in this project include nimodipine drug substance, Nimotop (produced by Bayer), composition injection of the present invention (prepared according to Example 1) and blank emulsion, and nimodipine emulsion prepared by the patented process of the prior art (Application No.: 200910021091.6, containing Tween 80 in the formulation). All were provided by Zhejiang Jiuxu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Dissecting microscope (SMZ645, Nikon, Japan); precision electron balance (CP214, Ohaus); six-well plate (Nest Biotech).
  • the zebrafish larvae observed in the experiment were naturally incubated with embryos produced in the fertility experiment.
  • Quality of water for fish farming Add 200 mg instant sea salt into 1 L reverse osmosis water, with conductivity of 480-510 ⁇ S/cm, pH of 6.9-7.2 and hardness of 53.7-71.6 mg/L CaCO 3 .
  • zebrafish at various developmental stages were anesthetized and sacrificed with 0.25 mg/mL of tricaine methanesulfonate.
  • the procedures for euthanasia complied with the American Veterinary Medical Association's (AVMA) code for euthanasia of animals.
  • AVMA American Veterinary Medical Association's
  • Wild-type AB zebrafish larvae at a certain stage were treated with the drugs to be tested for 24 hours, at five initial test concentrations, 0.1 ⁇ g/mL, 1 ⁇ g/mL, 10 ⁇ g/mL, 100 ⁇ g/mL and 500 ⁇ g/mL, with a blank control group respectively, and 30 zebrafish for each concentration of each drug.
  • the number of zebrafish deaths in each experimental group was counted to provide a basis for the next experimental concentration design.
  • the test concentration range of the drugs to be tested had an upper limit of 1,000 ⁇ g/mL (if the maximum solubility was less than 1,000 ⁇ g/mL, the highest solubility should prevail) and a lower limit of 0.001 ⁇ g/mL.
  • the maximum non-lethal concentration of the injection with the invented composition was up to 10 ⁇ g/mL, which was 4 times that of the former two, and 2 times that of the latter, indicating that the toxicity induced by the injection of this invented composition in zebrafish is much less than that of nimodipine drug substance, nimodipine solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by the prior art.
  • Zebrafish heart rate slowed as drug concentrations increased.
  • the heart rate of zebrafish slowed down greatly with the increase of drug concentration of nimodipine drug substance, nimodipine solution for injection or nimodipine emulsion of the prior art, while the heart rate of zebrafish slowed down less with the increase of drug concentration of the composition injection of the present invention.
  • composition injection of the present invention induced atrial arrest in some zebrafish at the concentration up to 20 ⁇ g/ml, and 100% atrial arrest at the concentration up to 40 ⁇ g/ml, both of which were obviously higher than that of nimodipine drug substance, nimodipine solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by prior art.
  • composition injection of the present invention would also induce cardiovascular toxicity, such as decreased heart rate, atrial arrest, pericardial edema, and circulatory deficiency as the other three types of nimodipine (the drug substance, solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by prior art) did.
  • cardiovascular toxicity such as decreased heart rate, atrial arrest, pericardial edema, and circulatory deficiency as the other three types of nimodipine (the drug substance, solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by prior art) did.
  • the maximum non-lethal concentration of the injection with the invented composition was up to 10 ⁇ g/mL, which was 4 times that of the nimodipine drug substance and nimodipine solution for injection, and 2 times that of the nimodipine emulsion by existing technology, indicating that the toxicity induced by the injection of this invented composition in zebrafish is much less than that of nimodipine drug substance, nimodipine solution for injection, and nimodipine emulsion by existing technology.
  • Wild-type AB zebrafish larvae were treated with the drugs to be tested for 24 hours via yolk sac injection administration with a maximum dose volume of 40 nl, and the five initial test concentrations were: 0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL, respectively.
  • a blank control group was set up, with 30 zebrafish treated at each concentration.
  • the number of zebrafish deaths in each experimental group was counted to provide a basis for the next experimental concentration design.
  • the upper limit was 500 mg/ml (if the maximum solubility was less than 500 mg/ml, the highest solubility should prevail), and the lower limit was 0.001 mg/ml.
  • Nimotop Since the highest concentration of Nimotop was only 0.2 mg/ml and its solvent could not be prepared, it was administered via injection of different volumes at the highest concentration. Since the most abundant component in the solvent was 23.7% ethanol, 24% ethanol solution was prepared as the solvent control group to prove that ethanol at this concentration would not affect the experiment. After treatment for a certain period of time, 10 zebrafish were randomly selected to have their heart rates counted, and their relative heart rates were calculated for comparison. The results showed that no abnormalities were observed in all groups except for the positive control group (terfenadine tablets). The results are listed in Table 16.
  • the lethality in zebrafish increased with elevated concentrations in the 4.0 mg/mL and higher concentration groups of nimodipine drug substance, while pericardial edema and circulatory deficiency could be induced.
  • Nimodipine drug substance induced pericardial edema in 30% of individuals at the administration concentration of 2.0 mg/ml (67 mg/kg), and the nimodipine solution for injection induced pericardial edema in 40% of individuals at the maximum administration dose of 40 nl (26.7 mg/kg), while no cardiovascular toxicity was observed at the maximum administration dose (106.7 mg/kg) of the composition injection of the present invention, indicating that the cardiovascular toxicity of the composition injection of the present invention in zebrafish was less than that of nimodipine solution for injection and nimodipine drug substance.
  • the experimental animals were randomly divided into 8 groups: the control group with only skull exposed but no blood injection; high, medium, and low dose groups of nimodipine solution for injection; high, medium, and low dose groups of the composition injection of the present invention; and the model group of normal saline. More than 10 rats survived after successful modeling in each group.
  • the administration method and dosage of each group are as follows.
  • Nimodipine Solution for Injection Group 2 mg/kg bw for high dose, 1 mg/kg bw for medium dose, and 0.5 mg/kg bw for low dose; the drug concentration was 1 mg/5mL.
  • composition injection of the present invention was diluted to 1 mg/5mL with normal saline prior to use. 2 mg/kg bw for high dose, 1 mg/kg bw for medium dose, and 0.5 mg/kg bw for low dose.
  • Model Group 1 mL/100 g bw of normal saline was injected into the tail vein.
  • Administration volume and method 1 mL/100 g bw for high dose, 0.5 mL/100 g bw for medium dose, and 0.25 mL/100 g bw for low dose.
  • the administration via tail vein injection was conducted at the above doses after about 30min, 48h, and 96h after modeling.
  • Cerebral blood flow was determined prior to administration, with timing, and blood flow in the whole cranial region and sagittal suture region was determined again 30 min after administration. See Table 21 and Table 22 below for the results of the one-way ANOVA using EXCEL software.
  • cerebral blood flow increased to a certain extent in all groups 30min after administration compared to that before administration. There was no significant difference in the improvement of cerebral blood flow before and after the administration between each dose group of nimodipine solution for injection and the composition of the present invention.
  • the laser microcirculation blood flow imager was used to determine whole brain and midbrain blood flow in the high dose group of nimodipine solution for injection (3 rats) and the high dose group of the composition of the present invention (4 rats). See Table 23 below for the results of the one-way ANOVA using EXCEL software..
  • the cerebral blood flow of the high dose groups of nimodipine solution for injection and the present invention composition before and after modeling and before and after administration are shown in Table 24, and the changes of cerebral blood flow are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .
  • Table 24 Cerebral Blood Flow (mean ⁇ SD) of the High Dose Groups of Nimodipine Solution for Injection and the Present Invention Composition Group Sagittal Suture Region Whole Cranial Region High dose of the present invention composition before modeling 315.94 ⁇ 93.82 314.77 ⁇ 73.00 High dose of the present invention composition after modeling 193.04 ⁇ 32.48 181.40 ⁇ 27.53 Reduction in high dose of the present invention composition after modeling 122.90 133.37 High dose of the present invention composition after administration 217.53 ⁇ 43.15 205.22 ⁇ 39.65 Difference before and after administration in high dose of the present invention composition 26.42 ⁇ 28.53 23.42 ⁇ 32.45 High dose of nimodipine solution for injection before
  • the brain tissue was dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and the brainstem tissue sections containing the basilar artery were prepared and observed under a microscope after HE staining and mounting, and the circumference and area of the basilar artery vessels were measured with an image analysis system to determine the degree of cerebral vasospasm. For the results, see Table 25 below.
  • the cross-sectional area of vessels in some animals varied greatly, increasing the intra group SD.
  • the cross-sectional area of basilar artery was significantly improved only in the high dose groups of nimodipine solution for injection and the composition of the present invention.
  • the rank of efficacy is as follows: high dose of nimodipine solution for injection ⁇ high dose of the present invention composition > medium dose of the present invention composition ⁇ medium dose of nimodipine solution for injection ⁇ low dose of nimodipine solution for injection > low dose of the present invention composition.
  • the medium and high dose groups of nimodipine solution for injection had significant improvement. There was a significant dose-response relationship among different doses.
  • the activity distance of the high dose group of the present invention composition was significantly improved at 5d after dosing; the activity duration of the high dose group of the nimodipine solution for injection and the medium dose group of the present invention composition was also significantly improved, but without significant difference.
  • Nimodipine solution for injection contained high concentrations of ethanol, thus rendering a strong "anesthetic" effect in intravenous injection, from which it took about 10 - 30 min for rats to recover slowly after injection.
  • nimodipine solution for injection the experimental results showed that there were significant toxic and adverse effects in the high dose group, with the death of several animals during the administration. After multiple doses of the nimodipine solution for injection, several animals developed significant phlebitis and tail ulceration. However, for the injection with the composition of this invention, there were no deaths or any other observed adverse effects in every dose group during the administration.
  • the efficacy of the composition injection of the present invention at the same dose is basically equivalent to that of nimodipine solution for injection, without significant difference.
  • the composition injection of the present invention has the same efficacy as the commercial nimodipine solution for injection and the nimodipine emulsion injection by the prior art, but with better safety.
  • mice Male SD rats were selected and acclimated for 2 days, and then anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 5% chloral hydrate (prepared with normal saline) with the same anesthetic dose as above. After anesthesia, the animals were numbered and divided into the present invention composition group and the Nimotop (nimodipine solution for injection) group. The rats were intravenously injected into the tail vein at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw.
  • 0.3 ml blood was collected from the fundus venous plexus of rat inner canthus and placed into a pre-heparinized blood collection tube, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, and the upper plasma was taken and stored at -80°C.
  • Nimodipine plasma samples were assayed by UPLC-PDA method. The sample plasma was processed one by one and injected for analysis, and the concentration of nimodipine in the plasma was calculated. The results are shown in Table 29. The plasma concentration-time curves were plotted against the plasma concentration (ng/ml) versus time (min). The results are shown in the attached Fig. 3 . Table 29 Nimodipine Plasma Concentration (ng/ml) Time (min) Nimodipine Solution for Injection Group (ng/ml) The Present Invention Composition Group (ng/ml) Mean SD Mean SD 10 388.6 82.8 435.4 91.7 30 152.0 6.2 156.3 39.3 90 71.8 28.7 86.6 19.3 120 42.2 2.6 43.5 1.5
  • the plasma concentration of the present invention composition group was basically equivalent to that of the nimodipine solution for injection group, and the plasma concentration-time curve was also basically the same.

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