EP3842598A2

EP3842598A2 - Building system with wooden prefab modules

Info

Publication number: EP3842598A2
Application number: EP20211956.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wim STURRIS
Original assignee: Volkerwessels Intellectuele Eigendom BV
Current assignee: Volkerwessels Intellectuele Eigendom BV
Priority date: 2019-12-04
Filing date: 2020-12-04
Publication date: 2021-06-30
Also published as: NL2030839B1; EP3842598A3; NL2027049B1; NL2030839A

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system for utility construction, for example a school building. The utility building is constructed from prefabricated modules with a load-bearing construction of wood, each of which defines a spatial cell. The wood used for the load-bearing construction is solid (such as beams and girders) and/or laminated (such as plywood or OSB or HSB) and preferably coniferous wood. The invention also relates to a hoisting cage which has many applications for safely connecting a hoisting load, such as the module disclosed herein, to a hoisting member, such as a hoisting hook.

Description

The invention relates to a construction system for utility construction, for example a school building. The utility building is constructed from prefabricated modules with a load-bearing construction of, preferably exclusively, wood, each of which defines a spatial cell (also called: box). The wood used for the load-bearing construction is solid (such as beams and girders) and/or laminated (such as plywood or OSB or HSB) and preferably coniferous wood.
The invention also relates to a hoisting cage which has many applications for safely connecting a hoisting load, such as the module disclosed herein, to a hoisting member, such as a hoisting hook.
FIG. 1-4 and 26-30 and 33 + 34 give a general view of an example of the modules 16, 17 and the application.
The modules are used next to each other, behind each other and/or stacked on top of each other, so that two or more stories can be realized. Two or more modules next to and/or one behind the other form a living space, for example a classroom or hall or auditorium.
A module preferably has a rectangular base, a floor plate (e.g. on the basis of laminated wood) and from the floor upwardly extending support columns (e.g. of solid wood) supporting the ceiling plate (e.g. on the basis of laminated wood) of the module.
For example, one or more of the following applies: The ceiling plate of a module is supported by a minimum of four supporting columns that are at a distance of at least 2 meters apart and, seen in plan view, form the corner points of a rectangle with a width equal to the module width and a length of at least 6 metres. The floor plate rests with its four edges on floor beams extending below it from one supporting column to the other and fixed thereto. The ceiling plate rests with its four edges on ridges projecting inward from the inside of the ceiling beams extending from one supporting column to the other and fixed thereto, the ridges being at a level between the bottom and top of the ceiling beams, at preferably about half way in between. Seen in plan view, the floor beams and ceiling beams respectively form the four sides of a rectangle, the supporting columns of which form the corner points. On the floor plate there is a layer of initially form-free, hardened stone-like material, such as mineral cement-bound stone granules, for instance poured concrete, preferably of a reinforced type.
The distance between two nearby, parallel floor resp. ceiling beams are, for example, bridged by cross girders anchored to the beams (visible in e.g. figs. 26, 32, 33, 34) which also support the floor or ceiling plate and preferably at a mutual distance less than 1 or 1.5 or 2 and/or keep more than 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.4 meters and/or have a height at least 10 or 20% smaller than the beams. For example, the floor plate and/or ceiling plate is supported by a large number of at least three or four mutually parallel floor and/or ceiling beams respectively extending in the length of the module with a mutual spacing of minimum 100 or 150 or 200 and/or maximum 350 or 400 or 500 millimetres. For example, the two outer floor or ceiling beams, respectively, are directly attached at their ends to supporting columns and/or the floor or ceiling beams, respectively, in between with their ends directly attached to cross girders resp. end cross beams that bridge the distance between two supporting columns. For example, the height resp. the top and/or bottom of the floor beams is flush resp. at the same level and/or equal to resp. level with that of the cross girders; and/or the height resp. the top or bottom side of the ceiling beams is flush resp. at the same level and/or equal to resp. flush with that of the end cross beams.
For example, the two outer floor beams and the two cross beams, optionally with in two or more corners between them supporting columns; and/or the two outer ceiling beams and the two end cross beams; provide a rectangular lying frame, preferably with each of the four sides of equal height.
The appearance of the ceiling could, for example, be as follows, viewed from below: longitudinal beams extending the length of the modules and cross girders bridging these longitudinal beams and a closed sheeting resting on the cross beams, whereby the underside of the longitudinal beams, for example at least 5 centimetres, below the underside of the cross girders and wherein the cross girders and the sheeting are completely covered by a continuous fire-resistant and/or sound-insulating coating, preferably sprayed on, and preferably the longitudinal beams are free of this coating and/or possibly the end cross beams with an underside level with the underside of the longitudinal beams and/or free from this coating.
For example, seen from above, the module contains three supporting columns on both long sides, with a corner supporting column at the four extreme corners and between and at a distance of at least 50 or 100 centimetres from the corner supporting columns an intermediate supporting column, preferably at least 1 or 2 meters closer to one of the two associated corner support columns, for example maximum 1.5 or 2 or 2.5 meters away from it.
For example, a top module rests with its bottom on the ceiling beams, possibly only the two outer ceiling beams, and possibly on an end cross beam, of the module vertically directly below.
For example, a module is between 7.5 and 10 meters long, between 2 and 3 meters wide and/or between 2.5 and 4 meters high. All four sides are open, in other words: side walls are missing, possibly a limited number of modules are equipped with a wind bracing, arranged in the vertical plane of a side and/or end face. After all modules have been placed, the outer wall of the building is placed. Optionally, the modules are equipped on one or both ends with a facade part with, for example, glazing.
At least five modules are placed next to each other per storey, as a rule at least ten modules are next to each other. For example, modules stacked on top of each other are staggered in the longitudinal direction over a distance of, for example, at least 1 meter. The support columns of stacked modules are, for example, in-line. The modules are of the same shape and identical in size (a minor number of modules, for example used on a storey, can have a different length). For example, in a stack, the modules in one layer have a longitudinal orientation rotated 180 degrees with respect to the next layer of modules stacked on top.
The module preferably comprises an expansion with which its length has been increased, which expansion comprises at least two support columns, which are preferably designed at least 10 or 20% less strong and/or thinner than the support columns of the base part of the module, so that the extended module minimally contains six support columns. In the extended part, the ceiling beams on the ceiling side are preferably tapered and/or the roof is recessed with respect to the base part. This taper/ recess provides space for technology, such as air ducts and/or cable ducts (see e.g. fig. 35-38) or water drainage on the flat roof (see e.g. fig. 39-40).
At the ceiling, for example, the roof of the module, the ceiling beams, and/or end cross beams preferably project above the ceiling -or roof surface from, preferably at least 30 millimetres, wherein the ceiling or roof surface, for example, is formed by a structural plate, such as OSB, or the top surface of the heat insulation package on top of the roof, so that the finished flat roof of the building exhibits, for example, a profile provided by the ceiling beams. Preferably, this profiling comprises mutually parallel, upwardly projecting ribs (formed by the top side of the ceiling beams) with space at the width of the modules, and flat roof parts in between which adjoin the foot of the ribs. This makes it possible to guarantee a waterproof roof covering better and longer. This profiling is also advantageous in a stack of modules and provides space between the top of the bottom module and the bottom of the module above it for, for example, air ducts. The roof edges are preferably raised, for example provided by the end cross beams.
For example, one or more of the following applies: a ceiling beam and/or end cross beam rests on at least 1 or 2 or all associated supporting columns ( e.g. detail 21, 22 or 23); at least 1 or 2 or all associated supporting columns rest on a floor beam and/or cross girder or end cross beam (eg detail 2 or 4); the ceiling beams protrude, e.g. at least 2 or 5 or 10 centimetres below the bottom of the cross girders (eg fig. 31 or 33); a minimum of two or four support columns extend uninterruptedly to the bottom of the associated floor and cross girders, or beyond, e.g. minimum 2 or 5 centimetres ( eg detail 1 or 3 or 5 or 6); a floor beam is enclosed between a supporting column above it and a supporting foot located vertically below the supporting column below it (e.g. detail 2 or 4); two beams/girders meeting each other in a corner of the module (e.g. a ceiling beam and associated end cross beam or a floor beam and associated cross girder) connect to each other through a support column ( e.g. detail 1 or 3 or 5 or 6).
FIG. 41 shows the roof on the side opposite the side (shown in FIGS. 39-40) equipped with the gutter. Fig. 41 shows that the ribs protruding upward from the roof surface connect closely to the raised roof edge extending transversely thereto, so that the rainwater on this side remains trapped between the ribs.
Preferably, in a stacking, the expansion of the modules in one layer, preferably completely, protrudes outside the modules in the next layer below or above (see, for example, Fig. 29).
Relevant prior art disclose, for example, EP2543783A1 , EP2617912B1 , GB1455300A , WO2013110617A1 and WO2017193179A1 .
The object of the invention is an improved construction system of the type described in the introduction, for example a dimensional tolerance of up to 10 millimetres in the positioning of modules placed side by side. This makes it possible to save considerably on the amount of sealant that must be used to connect the modules tightly together.
To this end, one or more of the following improvements are proposed: special hoisting facility; notches for electrical piping + rain water disposal (e.g. gutters) or air ducts; ceiling cut-out for lighting; coupling horizontal & vertical; details 01-06 + 11-16 + 21-23 (see accompanying drawing); detailing corner line/profile along poured concrete floor; precast cast concrete floor.

LIFTING EQUIPMENT (see especially e.g. fig. 23 and 24)

The preferably applied hoist is a metal part and is anchored to the module by mechanical fasteners and has, for example, an upwardly projecting ball-head anchor, or other point of engagement for the hoisting cable, which can be temporarily hooked to the hoisting cable of the hoisting crane. It, for example, ball head anchor is located, for example, midway along the length of a metallic strip having a length of up to 400 millimetres, which has a bolt hole on each side (in longitudinal direction). The bolt holes are stabbed on studs that protrude upward from a wooden support column or ceiling beam of a module and are anchored by screw nuts on the studs. The metal strip can be flush, optionally the local recess for it in the supporting column or ceiling beam is equipped with a wall of sheet metal, for example provided by a bent plate (see fig. 17, 18 and 19 as an example). The ball-head anchor, for example, projects with its shank into a large hole in the metal strip and has a base plate with a diameter considerably larger than the hole. The base plate has a conical shape on the side facing the strip so that the shank is automatically centred in the hole. For example, the base plate is welded at four equally angularly spaced positions at its radially outer peripheral edge to the strip around the hole (a3-10 in Figs. 23 and 24). An alternative is conceivable for the ball-head. The ball-head can be attached by a ball-head hook (see fig. 46) to the hoist.

NOTCHES FOR ELECTRICAL CABLES (see especially Figs. 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 23 as an example)

A beam, in particular ceiling beam, and/or supporting column preferably has on its outwardly facing side which will be or is facing an adjacent module, an uninterrupted notch, with minimum 5 or 10 and/or maximum 50 or 100 millimetre depth and width extending the complete length of the beam/column at a distance from the longitudinal edges associated with that side. In the case of modules placed against each other in the building, this notch forms a radially sealed elongated channel containing, or for the accommodation of, cables and/or leads, for example for electricity, for example because the beams/columns of two modules placed against each other form a composite beam/column with an internal channel provided by the notch. In other words and/or preferably, the modules are provided on both their opposite sides with the halves of beams/columns, whereby the halves of modules placed against each other fit together and touch each other directly or up to a gap of maximum 10 or 20 or 30 millimetres mutually approach and thus form the complete beams/columns. This improves production and appearance.

CEILING RECESS FOR LIGHTING (see especially fig. 23, 31 + 32 as an example)

The longitudinal ceiling beam preferably contains an uninterrupted edge recess, with minimum 5 or 10 and/or maximum 50 or 100 millimetre depth and width (see figure 12 in fig. 23) along its complete length so that when two modules are placed against each other, an along its complete length radially closed however for its complete width towards the module bottom open channel is created, in which an elongated lighting, such as a fluorescent tube or LED strip can be or is installed from below to become flush with the bottom surface of the longitudinal beam. At its end, this edge recess preferably merges into a notch (e.g. of the paragraph immediately above) so that the power cable for the lighting is concealed invisibly.

NOTCHES FOR GUTTERS/AIR DUCTS and CABLE DUCTS (see especially fig. 12, 15, 18 and 19, 35-40 as an example)

Preferably, the ceiling beam is for its complete width locally lowered or recessed at its top, for a minimum of 1 and/or maximum of 3 metre uninterrupted length, e.g. from a longitudinal end, by at least 5 or 10 centimetres to, for example, the level of the top of the ceiling plate or the thermal isolation layer on top the ceiling plate, in order to provide a lowered profile in the roof covering that functions as a perpendicular to the ceilng beam uninterrupted extending, horizontal gutter for rainwater (indicated by an arrow in the relevant drawing) or provides space for air ducts and cable trays.
From, for example, figs. 20, 26, 28, 29, 30 and 37 it can be seen that of the top and/or bottom modules in a two-layer structure, the columns protrude above respectively below the modules for a minimum of at least 50 or 100 millimetre so that sufficient space is provided between the two stacked modules for ventilation ducts for the living spaces.

COUPLING HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL (see especially fig. 20, 21 and 22 as an example)

This improvement is especially applicable for stacking modules. Preferably a base plate, e.g. hoisting facility, is stabbed onto, e.g. 4, threaded rods projecting longitudinally from a support column and terminating at a level above the base plate, e.g. top of the, for example, ball-head anchor (see fig. 22A), a first plate-shaped acoustic decoupling is placed on the base plate with holes through which the threaded rods protrude (see fig. 22B), thereon a coupling plate (see fig. 22C) with holes through which the threaded rods protrude, a second plate-shaped acoustic decoupling is placed on top (see fig. 22D) with holes through which the threaded rods protrude, conical protrusions are placed on it (see fig. 22E) each having a hole that is stabbed on a respective one of the ends of the threaded rods protruding above the second plate-shaped acoustic decoupling. The conical protrusions penetrate into alignment means at the bottom of the support column (see fig. 21) of the module to be stacked on top.

Details 01-06 + 11-16 + 21-23 (see fig. 5-19 as an example) Preferably, one or more of the following applies:

The floor plate is on top of the floor beams;

the supporting column is on top of the floor plate; threaded rods protruding downwards from the bottom of the supporting column are protruded through the floor beams and protrude under the underside of the floor beams;
on the end of the threaded rods protruding downwards from the underside of the floor beam, a metal support foot (also referred to as: shoe) is fixed with nuts;
the floor plate and the floor beam are enclosed between the supporting foot and the support column; alternatively the support column extends to the bottom of the floor beam and the support foot is mounted directly against the bottom of the support column;
the metal shoe for the wind brandage strip is fixed with a minimum of two or three threaded rods, each protruding up and down from the top and bottom respectively of the floor beam on which the shoe is mounted, locking nuts are screwed on the protruding ends of these threaded rods;
the metal shoe for the wind bandage strip (e.g. Willem's wind bandage) is fixed with at least two or three threaded rods, each protruding forwards and backwards from the front and rear respectively of the support column against which the shoe is mounted, onto the protruding ends of these threaded rods locking nuts are screwed.

DETAILING CORNER LINE/PROFILE ALONG CAST CONCRETE FLOOR (see fig. 25 as an example).

Preferably, a metal angle line forms the permanent formwork for the poured concrete floor and is fixed with screws on the top surface of the floor slab. The top edge of the upright leg of the corner line will be slightly lower than the top surface (dotted in fig. 25) of the poured concrete floor. During the pouring of the poured concrete floor, a temporary profile of polymer material was applied to the top edge of the upright leg of the corner line, which profile does not or badly adheres to the poured concrete. After the poured concrete has hardened sufficiently, this profile is removed. The poured concrete connects to the top edge of the upright leg of the corner line via a facet edge.

PREFABRICATED CONCRETE FLOOR (see fig. 42 as an example).

Preferably a module-wide, three-part prefab floor slab with a thickness, preferably at least 50 and at most 100, such as 70, millimetres, consisting of two substantially mirror-symmetrical, rectangular parts, each of which is half the length of the base part of the module, for example 3.6 meters, and with in the remote from each corner and edge recesses for snugly fitting to provide room for the columns, and one, at least 50% shorter, rectangular part with the length of the expansion, for example 1.2 meters, and facing on the side facing the outside of the module, corner and edge recesses for snugly fitting to provide room for the columns of the expansion.

LIFTING CAGE (see fig. 43-45 as an example).

The preferably applied lifting cage is designed to be collapsible in length, width and/or height and comprises, for example, two mutually parallel longitudinal beams with telescopically extendable ends and two cross beams of telescopically adjustable length, which keep the longitudinal beams at a distance from each other. These four girders provide a rectangular, flat and frame-shaped support frame, seen in plan view, at the four corner points of which a 4-leg is fixed. The cross beams are equipped with hydraulic cylinders that allow the length of the cables of the 4-leg to be adjusted individually or in pairs, for levelling the support frame. This support frame carries a telescoping, collapsible work cage with fall-through edge protection located on its underside, for instance designed as a fence, handrail or railing, with a closable, for instance pivoting, access gate. The work cage has support feet at the bottom side with which the hoist cage loosely standing can rest on the upper surface of a hoisting load (e.g. module). The support feet each provide a support surface on the underside, for instance with sides of at least 75 or 100 millimetres, for engaging with the top surface of the hoisting load and all support surfaces are located in a common, horizontal plane (with a levelled work cage). When collapsing, the fall-through edge protection (for example double railing) moves upwards with supporting feet towards the supporting frame, so that the height of the whole is reduced. A person can access the work cage via the entrance gate to walk fall-safe (and upright under the support frame) on the top surface of a hoist load and couple or uncouple the supporting frame with the hoist load, for example by using lifting cables equipped with a ball-head hook. The supporting frame has provisions, for instance a hole pattern, for repositioning the hoisting points, such as hoisting cables, along the length of the longitudinal girders.
The work cage is collapsible in length and/or width, for instance mounted on both the fixed and the length and/or width collapsible part of the support frame. To this end, the work cage comprises, for example, longitudinally and/or widthwise telescoping parts. The work cage has at least two or three or four or five or six supporting feet on each longitudinal side, for instance at least two or three or four on a fixed part and/or at least one on a collapsible, for instance telescoping, part, for instance at the protruding end thereof. The support feet located on a longitudinal side maintain an intermediate space of, for example, at least 0.5 meters, for instance two support feet have a small intermediate space of, for example, at least 0.5 meters, and on one or both sides thereof there is a further support foot at a minimum distance of 10 or 20. % larger gap of, for example, at least 1 or 1.5 metres.
The work cage, lifting cage, support frame and/or module is symmetrical or mirror symmetrical, for example double symmetrical.
The figures serve as an example and are not limitative. FIG. 47-55 show a close-up in perspective of the details indicated in Fig. 4, respectively: 03/05, 02/04, 01/06, 21/23, 12/15, 11/16, 13, 22 and 14.
The measures disclosed herein can be used individually, in any other conceivable combination and permutation are taken together to form a v alternative, an to provide the invention. Also included are technical equivalents and genuses or generalizations of the disclosed measures. A measure of an example is also generally applicable within the scope of the invention. A feature disclosed herein, for example of an example, can be readily generalized for inclusion in a general definition of the invention, for example to be found in a patent claim.
Meaning of the reference numbers in the drawing: ball-head hook 5; stop lip 6; lifting eye 7; edge recess 12; tapering in beam 15; bottom module 16; top module 17; ventilation channel 18; lifting rope 19; hoisting facility 21; ball-head anchor 22; wind brace 23.
The drawing shows in: fig. 5-19 each a view from above, from the side, from the front and a perspective; FIG. 28A an assembly of modules; FIG. 30 is FIG. 29C magnified. FIG. 5-10 show details 01-06, respectively; FIG. 11-16 show details 11-16, respectively; FIG. 17-19 show details 21-23, respectively.

Claims

Building, such as school building, which is constructed from prefabricated wooden modules with a load-bearing construction of wood, preferably coniferous wood, each of which defines a spatial cell (also called: box), where the for the beams and girders of the load-bearing construction used wood is solid wood, while the wood used for the panels is laminated wooden board material (such as plywood or OSB or HSB),
- the modules (16, 17) are arranged next to each other, one behind the other and stacked on top of each other, so that two or more stories are realized, whereby two or more modules next to each other form a living space, such as a classroom;

- each module has a rectangular ground plane, a floor plate on the basis of laminated wood, and from the floor upwardly extending supporting columns of solid wood which support the ceiling plate on the basis of laminated wood of the module;

- of each module, the ceiling plate is preferably supported by at least four support columns which are at a distance of at least 2 metre from one another, and seen in plan view form the corner points of a rectangle having a width equal to the module width, and a length of at least 6 meters.
Building according to claim 1, at the roof of the building, the ceiling beams of the modules are locally lowered at least 10 centimetres to the level of the ceiling plate so that the upwardly projecting parallel ribs are locally interrupted so that a gutter for the drainage of rainwater is provided (see fig. 39 + 40).
Building according to claim 1 or 2, the ceiling beams of the modules project at least 30 millimetres above the ceiling plate, and the columns project below the modules and the upper modules stand with the bottom of the columns at the ceiling beams of the modules directly beneath it, and in the space thus formed, are air channels (fig. 36 - 38) .
Building according to any of claims 1-3, the ceiling beam includes an edge recess (see numeral 12 in Fig. 23) along its length so that with two next to each other located modules an along its length to the bottom open channel is created in which an elongated lighting in the form of a LED strip recessed in the bottom surface of the longitudinal beam is installed.
Building according to any of claims 1-4, of each module a ceiling beam and support column have on its side facing the module outward-facing side, which faces an adjacent module, a in the longitudinal direction of the ceiling beam or column extending notch at a distance from the to that side corresponding longitudinal edges, so that said notch, with against each other located modules, provides an elongated channel inside the building, to contain electricity leads, in that the girders/columns of two against each other located modules form a composite girder/column with by the notch provided internal channel and the edge recess mentioned in claim 4 merges at its end with the notch so that the lighting power wire is concealed invisibly.
Building according to any of claims 1 -5, from the ceiling beams of the lower modules threaded rods project upwards, and provided are a first plate-shaped acoustic decoupling with holes through which the threaded rods project (see FIG. 22B), thereon a coupling plate (see, fig. 22C) with holes through which the threaded rods protrude, thereon a second plate-shaped acoustic decoupling (see fig. 22D) with holes through which the threaded rods protrude, thereon conical projections (see fig. 22E) each with a hole stabbed on a respective one of the ends of the threaded rods protruding above the second plate-shaped acoustic decoupling and the conical projections protrude into alignment means at the bottom of the support column (see Fig. 21) of the module directly above it.
Building according to any of claims 1-6, a metal lifting device comprises an upwardly-projecting ball-head anchor, which can be temporarily hooked to the ball-head hook at the hoisting cable of a crane, the ball-head anchor is located halfway the length of a metal strip with a maximum length of 400 millimetres that has a bolt hole on both sides (in the longitudinal direction); the bolt holes are inserted on the threaded rods mentioned in claim 6 and are anchored by nuts turned on the threaded rods; the top of the ball-head anchor is at a level below the level of the top of the second plate-shaped acoustic decoupling (fig. 20 + 22)
Building according to any of claims 1 -7, a metal angled strip forms the lost casing for casting the concrete floor, and is fixed with screws on the upper surface of the floor plate; the top edge of the upright leg of the angled strip will be slightly lower than the top surface (dotted in fig. 25) of the poured concrete floor; during casting the concrete floor a temporary profile of polymeric material is disposed on the top edge of the upstanding leg of the angled strip, which not or poorly adheres to the casting concrete; after the poured concrete has hardened sufficiently, this profile has been removed; the poured concrete connects via a facet edge to the top edge of the upright leg of the angled strip (fig. 25).
Building according to any of claims 1 -8, a module wide, three part precast floor slab with thickness not less than 50 and not more than 100 mm, consists of two substantially mirror-symmetrical, rectangular parts each having half the length of the base portion of the module, and with in the mutually opposite corners edge recesses for snugly fitting space to receive the columns, and one, at least 50% shorter, rectangular part with the length of the expansion and on the to the outside of the module facing corners there are edge recesses for snugly fitting space to receive the columns of the expansion (fig. 42).
Building according to any of claims 1-9, with one or more of;
- the floor plate of each module rests with its four edges on underneath it extending from one supporting column to the other and thereto fixed floor beams;

- the ceiling plate of each module rests with its four edges on ridges protruding inward from the inside of the ceiling beams extending from one supporting column to the other and fixed thereto, the ridges being at a level approximately halfway between the bottom and top of the ceiling beams;

- the floor beams and/or ceiling beams of each module form, in plan view, the four sides of a rectangle, the supporting columns of which form the corner points;

- on the floor plate of each module there is a layer of initially form-free, hardened stone-like material of poured concrete, of reinforced type;

- the distance between two adjacent, parallel floor resp. ceiling beams of each module is bridged by cross-members, e.g. cross girders, anchored to the beams (shown in e.g. Fig. 26, 32, 33, 34) which also support the floor or ceiling plate and mutually keep a distance of less than 2 and more than 0.2 meters and have a height at least 20% smaller than the beams;

- the floor plate and ceiling plate of each module are supported by a large number of at least three or four mutually parallel floor or ceiling beams extending in the length of the module with a mutual spacing of a minimum of 100 and a maximum of 500 millimetres;

- of each module the two outer floor resp. ceiling beams are directly attached at their ends to supporting columns and the floor resp. ceiling beams in between with their ends directly attached to cross girders resp. end cross beams bridging the distance between two supporting columns;

- of each module, the two outer floor beams and the two end cross beams, having supporting columns at two or more corners between them; and the two outer ceiling beams and the two end cross beams; provide a rectangular, lying frame, with each of the four sides of equal height;

- of each module the appearance of the ceiling is as follows, viewed from below: in the length of the modules extending longitudinal beams, and these longitudinal beams bridging cross girders, and an onto the cross girders resting, closed sheeting, wherein the underside of the longitudinal beams is, at least 5 centimetres, below the underside of the cross girders and wherein the cross girders and sheeting are completely covered by a continuous fire resistant and sound deadening sprayed coating and the longitudinal beams free of this coating and the end cross beams with an underside level with the underside of the longitudinal beams and free from this coating.
Building according to any of claims 1-10, with one or more of;
- viewed from above, each module contains three supporting columns on both long sides, with a corner supporting column at the four extreme corners and between and at a distance of at least 100 centimetres from the corner supporting columns an intermediate supporting column that is at least 1 meter closer to one of the two associated corner support columns, and is no more than 2.5 meters away from it;

- the top modules rest with their bottom on only the two outer ceiling beams, and on one end crossbar, of the module vertically directly below;

- each module is between 7.5 and 10 metres long, between 2 and 3 meters wide and between 2.5 and 4 metres high;

- all four sides of each module are open, in other words: side walls and end walls are missing;

- a limited number of modules are equipped with a wind bracing, arranged in the vertical plane of a side wall;

- after all modules have been placed, the outer wall of the building is placed;

- at least ten modules are placed next to each other per storey;

- modules stacked on top of each other are staggered longitudinally over a distance of at least 1 meter;

- the support columns of modules stacked on top of each other are in line;

- the modules are uniform and identical in size;

- in a stack, the modules in one layer have an orientation of the length turned 180 degrees with respect to the next layer of modules stacked on top of it;

- each module contains an expansion with which its length has been increased, which expansion comprises at least two support columns that are at least 20% thinner than the support columns of the base part of the module, so that the expanded module contains at least six support columns;

- in the expanded part, the ceiling beams on the ceiling side are tapered and the roof is recessed relative to the base part, this tapering/recess provides space for technology, such as air ducts and/or cable ducts (see fig. 35-38) or water drainage on the flat roof (see fig. 39-40);

- the expansion of the modules in one layer projects completely outside the modules in the next layer below or above it (see, for example, fig. 29);

- at the roof of the building, the ceiling beams and end cross beams of the modules protrude at least 30 millimetres above the roof surface, the roof surface being formed by the top surface of the heat insulation package on top of the roof, so that the finished flat roof of the building has a profile of mutually parallel, upwardly projecting ribs, which are formed by the top of the ceiling beams, with spacing equal to the width of the modules, and in between flat roof parts which connect to the base of the ribs and the end cross beams provide a raised roof edge;

- each module is mirror symmetrical.
Method of constructing from modules a building as claimed according to any of claims 1-11, using a hoisting cage which is designed to be collapsible in width, height and length and comprises two mutually parallel longitudinal girders having telescopically extendable ends and two cross beams of telescopically adjustable length, spacing the longitudinal girders from each other; these four girders provide a rectangular, in plan view, flat and frame-shaped supporting frame, at the four corner points of which is fixed a 4-jump the cross girders are equipped with hydraulic cylinders that allow the length of the cables of the 4-jump to be adjusted individually or in pairs, for levelling the support frame; this supporting frame carries a telescoping, collapsible work cage with fall-through edge protection located on its underside, designed as a fence, with a lockable, pivoting entrance gate; the working cage has support feet at the bottom side with which the hoist cage can stand loose on the upper surface of a module; the support feet each provide a support surface on the underside, with sides of at least 100 millimetres, for engaging with the top surface of the module as a lifting load and all support surfaces are in a common, horizontal plane, with a levelled work cage.
A method according to claim 12, with one or more of: during collapsing, the fall-through edge protection with supporting feet moves upwards towards the supporting frame, so that the height of the whole is reduced; a person can access the work cage via the entrance gate to walk fall-safe (and upright under the support frame) on the top surface of a hoist load and couple or uncouple the supporting frame with the hoist load, for example by using lifting cables equipped with a ball-head hook; the supporting frame has provisions, for instance a hole pattern, for repositioning the hoisting points, such as hoisting cables, along the length of the longitudinal girders; the work cage has at least three supporting feet on each longitudinal side on a fixed part and at least one on a collapsible, for instance telescoping, part, for instance at the protruding end thereof; the support feet located on a longitudinal side maintain an intermediate space of at least 0.5 meters; two support feet have a small intermediate space, and on both sides thereof there is a further support foot at an at least 20% increased spacing; the work cage, lifting cage and support frame are double symmetrical.
Lifting cage, preferably for carrying out the method according to claim 12 or 13, which is designed to be collapsible in width, height and length and comprises two mutually parallel longitudinal girders having telescopically extendable ends and two cross beams of telescopically adjustable length, spacing the longitudinal girders from each other; these four girders provide a rectangular, in plan view, flat and frame-shaped supporting frame, at the four corner points of which is fixed a 4-jump the cross girders are equipped with hydraulic cylinders that allow the length of the cables of the 4-jump to be adjusted individually or in pairs, for levelling the support frame; this supporting frame carries a telescoping, collapsible work cage with fall-through edge protection located on its underside, designed as a fence, with a lockable, pivoting entrance gate; the working cage has support feet at the bottom side with which the hoist cage can stand loose on the upper surface of a module; the support feet each provide a support surface on the underside, with sides of at least 100 millimetres, for engaging with the top surface of the module as a lifting load and all support surfaces are in a common, horizontal plane, with a levelled work cage.
A hoisting cage according to claim 14, with one or more of; during collapsing, the fall-through edge protection with supporting feet moves upwards towards the supporting frame, so that the height of the whole is reduced; a person can access the work cage via the entrance gate to walk fall-safe (and upright under the support frame) on the top surface of a hoist load and couple or uncouple the supporting frame with the hoist load, for example by using lifting cables equipped with a ball-head hook; the supporting frame has provisions, for instance a hole pattern, for repositioning the hoisting points, such as hoisting cables, along the length of the longitudinal girders; the work cage has at least three supporting feet on each longitudinal side on a fixed part and at least one on a collapsible, for instance telescoping, part, for instance at the protruding end thereof; the support feet located on a longitudinal side maintain an intermediate space of at least 0.5 meters; two support feet have a small intermediate space, and on both sides thereof there is a further support foot at an at least 20% increased spacing; the work cage, lifting cage and support frame are double symmetrical.