EP3821354A1 - Datenkompression und datendekompression für nutzergeräte auf basis einer walsh-hadamard-transformation - Google Patents
Datenkompression und datendekompression für nutzergeräte auf basis einer walsh-hadamard-transformationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3821354A1 EP3821354A1 EP19742132.4A EP19742132A EP3821354A1 EP 3821354 A1 EP3821354 A1 EP 3821354A1 EP 19742132 A EP19742132 A EP 19742132A EP 3821354 A1 EP3821354 A1 EP 3821354A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vector
- user device
- components
- shortened
- transformation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
- G06F17/145—Square transforms, e.g. Hadamard, Walsh, Haar, Hough, Slant transforms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3059—Digital compression and data reduction techniques where the original information is represented by a subset or similar information, e.g. lossy compression
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3068—Precoding preceding compression, e.g. Burrows-Wheeler transformation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3082—Vector coding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for storing data in a data memory coupled to a user device, in which a vector is provided and is subjected to a transformation with a Hadamard matrix.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating a user device, which is coupled to a data memory, in which at least one shortened vector is stored and the shortened vector is subjected to a transformation with a transposed Hadamard matrix in order to obtain a back-transformed vector.
- the invention further relates to a user device which has a data memory in which at least one shortened vector stored by means of the first method is stored and which has at least one data processing device for carrying out the second method.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product. The invention is particularly advantageously applicable to user devices in the form of household appliances and vehicles or vehicle components.
- the Walsh-Hadamard transformation is a discrete transformation from the field of Fourier analysis. It is an orthogonal-symmetric, self-inverse and linear transformation.
- the Walsh-Hadamard transformation maps a set of 2 m real or complex input values into an image area from superimposed Walsh functions, the Walsh spectrum.
- the Hadamard transformation is used, for example, in the field of digital signal processing and data compression, for example for image or video compression, and in space travel. A use of the Walsh-Hadamard transformation in space travel is described, for example, in WO 2013/182544 A1 or EP 0 959 369 A2.
- Walsh-Hadamard transformation is that the transformation matrix has only values ⁇ -1, +1 ⁇ as entries, and thus multiplication with the signal values (vector components) can be calculated very quickly using integer arithmetic.
- the Walsh-Hadamard transformation can therefore be carried out very quickly. It is disadvantageous that the discrete Walsh-Hadamard transformation can only be used on data with a length of powers of two.
- EP 3 258 176 A1 discloses a household cooking appliance which has at least one cooking sensor for recording cooking measurement values, a first data memory for storing the cooking measurement values as at least one measurement curve, a second data memory in which several references are stored, and a data processing device for comparison, has at least one measurement curve with the associated references, the references being reduced sets of coefficients of a discrete transformation of a respective reference curve.
- a method is used to operate a household cooking appliance in which a measurement curve recorded by means of a cooking sensor of the household cooking appliance is compared with several references, references being stored in the household cooking appliance as reduced sets of coefficients for a discrete transformation of a respective reference curve.
- US 2018/1 14145 A1 discloses that when creating inputs for a kernel-based machine learning system that uses a kernel to perform classification operations on data, unbiased assessors for Gaussian kernels according to a new framework called Structured Orthogonal Random Features (SORF) can be created.
- the undistorted kernel estimator KSORF contains a linear transform matrix WSORF, which is calculated using products of a set of pairs of matrices, each pair containing an orthogonal matrix and a corresponding diagonal matrix, the elements of which are real numbers, the follow a certain probability distribution.
- the orthogonal matrix is a Walsh-Hadamard matrix
- the probability distribution given is a Raderaum distribution
- This method has the advantage that the Walsh-Hadamard transformation can also be applied to vectors ⁇ x> whose length is originally not a power of two. If the number of components x of the originally provided vector ⁇ x> already corresponds to a power of two, the vector ⁇ x> need not be filled up.
- the fact that the m additional components xj are determined in accordance with the specified linear system of equations has the advantage that a deterioration in the compression behavior of the spectral values is avoided.
- the vector ⁇ x> can also be referred to as a "signal vector”, while the vector ⁇ y> can also be referred to as a "spectral vector”.
- Such a Walsh-Hadamard matrix H v can be calculated or constructed recursively, for example, according to James Sylvester's recursion formula. Alternatively, the Walsh-Hadamard matrix can assume values -1 / v and + 1 / v. This applies analogously to a reverse transformation.
- the above selection of the additional components xj by means of a solution of the linear system of equations advantageously prevents the spectral components y k , which are calculated from the originally provided components of the vector ⁇ x>, from being influenced in their value by the additional components X j .
- the shortening of the vector ⁇ y> is therefore not influenced by the additional components xj, and the additional components xj therefore advantageously have no influence if the shortened transformed vector ⁇ y> is transformed back again.
- a user device is understood in particular to mean a device that can be used by a user. It is a further training that a user is an end user; the user device can then also be referred to as a user terminal. It is a further development that the user device can be operated by a user, in particular an end user.
- the fact that the data memory is coupled to the user device can include that the data memory is a component of the user device or is integrated into the user terminal. This advantageously enables autonomous operation of the user terminal.
- Several shortened vectors ⁇ y> can be stored in the data memory, e.g. different reference curves or similar accordingly.
- the data storage device being coupled to the user device may include the data storage device being coupled to the user device via a data connection, e.g. over the internet. This enables a particularly cost-effective design of the user terminal.
- q can be calculated as: where the operator of the exponent means the rounded value of ln (n) / ln (2), ie the natural number that is greater than or equal to this operator.
- the shortening of the vector ⁇ y> with its components y k includes that all spectral values y k , the amounts of which are below a predetermined threshold value, are set to zero.
- the remaining spectral values greater than zero are stored together with their indices k. These spectral values and indices can be made available for reverse transformation.
- the disadvantage here is that the number of spectral values remaining is variable.
- the spectral values y k can be sorted according to their magnitude and, for example, only the L first (highest) spectral values y k linked to their indices k can be stored.
- the number L is a predetermined fixed number.
- each spectral component y k of the spectral vector ⁇ y> transformed with H 8 all components X k of the filled-in signal vector ⁇ x> occur, that is to say all five components xi and all three additional components xj. In order to calculate any spectral value y k , all components xi and all additional components xj are required.
- the components x are values of a respective reference curve. This achieves the advantage that reference curves with a fundamentally arbitrary number of values can be subjected to a Walsh-Hadamard transformation and are then available to the user device for their operation in compressed form. This is particularly advantageous with a large number of different reference curves.
- the components are x, measured values.
- the originally provided vector ⁇ x> corresponds to a series of measurements.
- the method is particularly advantageous for this, since a number of measured values can generally not be sensibly limited to a power of two. This applies in particular if the measured values correspond to a measurement whose end time is not fixed, but which is ended by the occurrence of an event that cannot be determined deterministically.
- a deviation of the back-transformed vector ⁇ x '> from the originally provided vector ⁇ x> can be kept low, while the data compression n / p is particularly high and can reach a factor of over 100, for example.
- Such an embodiment can be achieved, for example, in household appliances, in particular cooking appliances.
- the object is also achieved by a (second) method for operating a user device, which is coupled to a data memory, in which at least one shortened vector ⁇ y>, as determined above, is stored, with the method
- the filled vector ⁇ y> is subjected to a transformation with a transposed v-dimensional Hadamard matrix H Tv in order to obtain a back-transformed vector ⁇ x '>,
- the user device triggers at least one action depending on the comparison.
- This method has the advantage that the originally provided vectors ⁇ x> stored as spectral vectors ⁇ p> in a very compressed form can be reconstructed with high accuracy and very quickly in order to be used as comparison values or comparison curves.
- the transposed Hadamard matrix H T corresponds to the inverse Hadamard matrix H 1 , possibly with a normalization factor 1 / v.
- the action can include maintaining current operating parameters of the user device or changing at least one operating parameter.
- the change in the at least one operating parameter can include switching off a previously active user function (for example switching off radiators as part of a cooking function in a cooking device), outputting at least one (for example acoustic and / or visual) information to a user, etc. , activation of at least one further function by the user device.
- n eg shortened
- the object is also achieved by a user device having a data memory in which at least one shortened vector ⁇ y> is stored by means of the first method as described above, and at least one data processing device for carrying out the second method as described above ,
- the user device can be designed analogously to the method and gives the same advantages.
- the user device is a household device and the components x, of the originally provided vector ⁇ x> are measured values of reference curves.
- the household appliance can e.g. a cooling device, a cooking device, a laundry treatment device, etc.
- the cooking appliance can have an oven with a cooking space, in particular an oven.
- the user device is a cooking device, has at least one sensor for recording current measured values of a cooking process, at least one component x ', of the back-transformed vector ⁇ x'> is compared with at least one of the current measured values.
- the sensor comprises at least one cooking sensor or is at least one cooking sensor.
- the at least one baking sensor can be, for example, a core temperature sensor, an IR sensor and / or at least one chemical sensor.
- the chemical see sensor can be set up to determine the presence and / or concentration of at least one chemical substance in a cooking chamber of an oven.
- the chemical sensor can be sensitive to substances that are typically released from food during a browning process.
- the chemical sensor can be an oxygen sensor, for example a lambda sensor.
- the forward transformation of the reference curves according to the first method above need only be calculated once in a time-uncritical manner (e.g. on a PC), while the reverse transformation cyclically - e.g. every few seconds - in a data processing device ("cooking appliance electronics"). Therefore, the asymmetry of the method is not a disadvantage. On the contrary, it is possible to compress signal vectors of any length with the Walsh-Hadamard transformation before delivery of the cooking device and to use the extremely fast reverse transformation while the cooking device is in operation.
- the at least one action comprises determining a remaining cooking time. This enables the remaining cooking time to be determined on the basis of a large number of reference curves stored in a shortened manner in the data memory and is particularly precise.
- the at least one action can then include displaying a current remaining cooking time, switching off a cooking function and possibly outputting a corresponding message to a user when the remaining cooking time has been reached or exceeded, etc.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous since in the field of sensor baking (ie baking or treating the food to be cooked in an oven, the state of the food being cooked being determined by means of at least one baking sensor), the remaining cooking time cannot yet be reliably determined , So far it has not been possible to reliably indicate to a user how long a cooking process is likely to take.
- the implementation of the methods described above to determine a remaining cooking time is based on comparing the current measurement or signal curve of the baking sensor with a multiplicity of reference curves stored as vector ⁇ y> or the reference curves transformed back therefrom.
- the reference curve that best matches the current signal curve determines the length of the cooking process.
- the length of the cooking process - after subtracting the past time of a cooking process - can be displayed as the remaining duration.
- the reference curves can consist of 1000 or more numerical values (components x,). To space To save, the reference curves are saved in a compressed form as respective shortened vectors ⁇ y>.
- the user device is a vehicle or a vehicle component.
- the user device can be an on-board computer of the vehicle.
- the second method as described above can be used to compare sensor data of the vehicle with corresponding reference curves.
- the object is also achieved by a computer program product, comprising computer program code, which, when executed by a data processing device of the user device, causes the user device to carry out at least the second method as described above.
- the computer program product can be designed analogously to the previously described second method and has the same advantages.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional side view of a household oven
- FIG. 4 shows several originally provided signal vectors ⁇ x> corresponding reference curves
- FIG. 5 shows a plot of an originally provided signal vector ⁇ x> / reference curve and a back-transformed reference curve.
- a data memory 6 is here in the Furnace electronics 3 integrated, but can also be integrated into the lambda probe 4 or a detector module comprising the lambda probe 4.
- the detector module comprising the lambda probe 4 can also have a data processing device, for example a microcontroller.
- a number of shortened spectral vectors ⁇ y> are stored in the data memory 6, which represent respective reference curves and were calculated by the first method, as described in more detail in FIG. 2:
- the reference curve or the signal vector ⁇ x> can in particular have been determined experimentally.
- the number n of measured values or components x can differ from reference curve to reference curve.
- a third step S3 if n is not equal to a power of two, the signal vector ⁇ x> is filled with the additional components X j calculated in step S2.
- Steps S1 to S5 can, for example, run on a computer instance external to household oven 1 (for example on a PC, a server or the cloud) and can be carried out once for one type of household oven 1.
- the shortened vector ⁇ y> is then stored in the data memory 6 in a step S6.
- a user of the household baking oven 1 can start a cooking program and enter certain cooking parameters, e.g. a type and quantity of food to be cooked (eg 500 g chicken), the desired cooking result (eg "crispy") etc.
- the cooking program provides the functional components of the household oven 1, such as one or more radiators, based on the user input. one or more fans, a fume hood, etc. accordingly in order to obtain the desired cooking result.
- the atmosphere of the cooking space is monitored by means of several sensors, including the lambda probe 4, at least one temperature sensor, etc.
- the measurement results of the cooking process of the lambda probe 4 are plotted in a "current" measurement curve, and the measurement curve is compared with reference curves.
- the remaining cooking time is determined on the basis of the reference curve that has the smallest deviation (e.g. determined using the least squares method) from the current measurement curve.
- Steps S7 to S9 can be carried out in succession for all the shortened vectors ⁇ y> in question.
- a shortened vector ⁇ y> belonging to a first reference curve can be subjected to steps S7 to S9, the result of the comparison in step S9 being, for example, one or more deviation values (for example determined by the least squares method).
- the deviation values are saved as follows and the first reference curve (but not the associated shortened vector ⁇ y>) is deleted.
- Steps S7 to S9 are subsequently applied to a further shortened vector ⁇ y>, which e.g. corresponds to a second reference curve.
- the deviation values for the comparison of the current measurement curve with the second reference curve are also saved.
- the deviation values are used to determine which of the reference curves best suits the current measurement curve.
- the remaining cooking time remaining is determined from the best fitting reference curve.
- This calculation of the several reference curves from the vectors ⁇ y> and the subsequent comparison with the current measurement curve can be carried out so quickly due to the very fast Walsh-Hadamar reverse transformation that the remaining cooking time can be determined precisely and practically without delay.
- a comparatively small data memory 6 can be used for this
- At least one action can subsequently be triggered in a step S10, for example a heating function can be switched off when the remaining cooking time has expired.
- An optical indication can then also be output on the display 5 (e.g. the display 5 can be made to flash) and / or an acoustic indication can be output.
- FIG. 4 shows, as several originally provided signal vectors ⁇ x>, corresponding reference curves as plotting a measured value x, the lambda probe 4 on the y-axis in arbitrary units against its index i on the x-axis.
- the points of the reference curves correspond to the values of the lambda probe 4 recorded at a time of measurement.
- 5 shows a plot of an originally provided signal vector ⁇ x> / reference curve ⁇ x> and a back-transformed reference curve ⁇ x '>.
- the reference curve ⁇ x '> has been re-transformed at high speed by an inverse Walsh-Hadamard transformation.
- the back-transformed reference curve ⁇ x '> is in very good agreement with the originally provided reference curve ⁇ x>.
- a can be understood to mean a single number or a plurality, in particular in the sense of “at least one” or “one or more” etc., as long as this is not explicitly excluded, for example by the expression “Exactly one” etc.
- a number can also include the specified number as well as a usual tolerance range, as long as this is not explicitly excluded.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018211595.8A DE102018211595B3 (de) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Datenkompression und Datendekompression für Nutzergeräte auf Basis einer Walsh-Hadamard-Transformation |
| PCT/EP2019/066608 WO2020011518A1 (de) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-06-24 | Datenkompression und datendekompression für nutzergeräte auf basis einer walsh-hadamard-transformation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3821354A1 true EP3821354A1 (de) | 2021-05-19 |
Family
ID=67383723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19742132.4A Withdrawn EP3821354A1 (de) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-06-24 | Datenkompression und datendekompression für nutzergeräte auf basis einer walsh-hadamard-transformation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3821354A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018211595B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020011518A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19822848A1 (de) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-11-25 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Verfahren zur Übertragung von komprimierten Bilddaten eines SAR-Radars |
| DE102012209565B3 (de) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-09-05 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Übertragen von Daten von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger |
| DE102016206331A1 (de) | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Haushalts-Gargerät mit Garsensor |
| US12079700B2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2024-09-03 | Google Llc | Structured orthogonal random features for kernel-based machine learning |
-
2018
- 2018-07-12 DE DE102018211595.8A patent/DE102018211595B3/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-06-24 EP EP19742132.4A patent/EP3821354A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-06-24 WO PCT/EP2019/066608 patent/WO2020011518A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020011518A1 (de) | 2020-01-16 |
| DE102018211595B3 (de) | 2019-09-19 |
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