Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
  • E02D5/182—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ using formworks to separate sections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/30—Foundations made with permanent use of sheet pile bulkheads, walls of planks, or sheet piling boxes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G19/00—Auxiliary treatment of forms, e.g. dismantling; Cleaning devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2250/00—Production methods
  • E02D2250/0007—Production methods using a mold
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2250/00—Production methods
  • E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2300/00—Materials
  • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
  • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
  • E02D2300/002—Concrete
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
  • E02D5/185—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ with flexible joint members between sections

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a formwork element for a molded wall panel.
• each panel is given a particular shape, which allows the embedding of one end of a panel in the end of the previous panel.
• This form is obtained using a formwork element which generally includes a joint. More specifically, this formwork element is put in place at one end of the trench, before concreting said trench.
• the invention relates more particularly to a formwork element for one end of a molded wall panel, said formwork element extending in a longitudinal direction and comprising:
• a sole having a first lateral edge, a second lateral edge, an external face, an internal face carrying a box, said box leaving a first lateral zone, defined between the first side edge and the box, free on the internal face of the sole, and a second lateral zone, defined between the second lateral edge and the box.
• the first lateral edge is therefore located between the external face and the internal face carrying the box.
• a known problem is that, during the concreting step, the concrete tends to bypass the formwork element. After hardening, the concrete adheres to the formwork element, which makes it difficult to extract it from the trench.
• EP 1 039 038 teaches to use a formwork assistance device cooperating with the sole.
• This formwork relief device consists of rectangular sacrificial elements which are arranged along the lateral edges of the sole, the lateral edges being constituted by the end edges of the sole.
• a formwork device also known, provided with formwork hooks which are moved along the first and second side edges to detach the formwork element from the concrete.
• EP 1 039 038 give all satisfaction for trenches of shallow or medium depth, the inventors have found that they were less effective for trenches of great depth, that is to say more than 40 meters.
• An object of the invention is to propose a formwork element making it possible to facilitate the formwork removal stage after concreting.
• the formwork assistance device of the formwork element comprises at least a first sacrificial profile comprising a first portion disposed on the first lateral zone of the internal face of the sole.
• the first portion is therefore a first portion of sacrificial profile which extends over the first lateral zone of the internal face of the sole, between the first lateral edge and the box.
• the first lateral zone is substantially parallel to the external face.
• the first sacrificial section also extends in the longitudinal direction of the sole.
• the first portion which preferably extends in the longitudinal direction of the sole, makes it possible to prevent the concrete from adhering to the internal face at the level of the first lateral zone.
• the first lateral zone of the internal face has a large adhesion surface with the concrete, which makes it difficult to release the formwork element.
• the first sacrificial portion which is destroyed during the passage of the hooks of the formwork release device, has the effect of preventing, at the very least limiting appreciably, the adhesion of the concrete to the first lateral zone, which consequently facilitates the subsequent release of the formwork element.
• the first portion has a width, considered in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the formwork element, which is greater than one third of the width of the first lateral zone.
• the width of the first portion is greater than half the width of the first lateral zone. More preferably, the first portion extends substantially to the box.
• a formwork device is used provided with a first hook shaped to engage between the concrete and the internal face of the sole, in the thickness of the first portion, so as to be able to destroy the first portion of the first sacrificial section during the vertical displacement of the formwork release device.
• the first sacrificial section further comprises a second portion disposed on the external face of the sole.
• the second portion is a second portion of sacrificial profile.
• the inventors have also found that when concreting a trench of great depth, the concrete may tend to bypass the footing and come into contact with its external face. After hardening and in the absence of a formwork relief device according to the invention, the concrete then adheres to the sole and makes it difficult to withdraw the formwork element from the trench.
• the second portion makes it possible to prevent the concrete having bypassed the first lateral edge of the sole from adhering to the external face of the sole. Thanks to the invention, the concrete which bypasses the first lateral edge of the sole will at most come to adhere against the second portion of the first sacrificial element. This second portion, to which concrete may have stuck, will then be destroyed during the subsequent drilling of the adjacent trench. The excavated concrete fragments and second portion will then be pumped out during the excavation of the adjacent trench. This has the effect of reducing the adhesion between the concrete and the footing, which facilitates the subsequent extraction of the formwork element from the trench.
• the width of the second portion is greater than the width of the first portion.
• the thickness of the second portion is substantially equal to the thickness of the first portion.
• the first sacrificial section further comprises a third portion disposed along the first lateral edge, the third portion being fixed to the first and second portions of the first sacrificial section.
• the third portion is a third portion of the sacrificial profile.
• the third portion has the effect of preventing the concrete from adhering to the first side edge. It also facilitates the engagement of the formwork hands.
• the first stripping hand of the stripping device is shaped to move vertically in the thickness of the third portion, which has the effect of destroying the third portion during the vertical movement of the stripping device. This makes it possible to separate the first vertical edge of the concrete and, consequently, to facilitate the withdrawal of the formwork element from the trench.
• the first, second and third portions form a single piece.
• the first sacrificial element is therefore preferably in one piece.
• One advantage is to be able to easily and quickly mount the first sacrificial element to the sole. This also facilitates the manufacture of the first sacrificial element.
• the thickness of the third portion is substantially equal to the thickness of the first portion.
• the distance between the first and second portions is substantially equal to the thickness of the sole.
• the first sacrificial element surrounds the first lateral edge of the sole, which makes it possible to prevent the concrete from adhering to the sole.
• the width of the second portion is greater than a third and less than half the width of the sole.
• the first sacrificial section is made of a brittle material, so that it is easily destroyed or shredded by the formwork device. It is also understood that the first sacrificial section, and more precisely the second portion, is destroyed during the drilling of the adjacent trench.
• the friable material has a density between 10 and 60 kg / m3, preferably between 15 and 45 kg / m3.
• the first sacrificial profile is made of polystyrene.
• At least the first profile is made of a brittle material, for example polystyrene.
• the formwork element according to the invention further comprises a fixing device for fixing the first sacrificial profile to the sole.
• the fastening device comprises one or more elongated elements, such as wires, straps or cables of small section, which enclose the formwork element in order to maintain the first sacrificial profile with the sole during the introduction of the formwork element in the trench and during concreting.
• elongated elements such as wires, straps or cables of small section
• the fastening devices are dimensioned to be split during the passage of the formwork device or during drilling with mud from the adjacent trench. The residues are removed from the trench by pumping or by a bucket during the excavation of the adjacent trench.
• the fixing device also comprises a holding device for holding the first sacrificial profile against the external face of the formwork element.
• the fixing device consists of a friable or fractionable material.
• This holding device comprises one or more plates, for example of wood, extending along the second portion. More preferably, the holding device includes a spacer portion to maintain a longitudinal space between two adjacent formwork elements.
• the fixing device comprises at least one breakable rod which crosses and sandwiches the sole together with the first and second portions of the first sacrificial profile, the rod extending perpendicular to the external face of the sole.
• the shuttering element further comprises at least one second sacrificial profile comprising a first portion disposed on the second lateral zone.
• first portions of the first and second sacrificial sections extend on either side of the box, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the formwork element.
• the second sacrificial section further comprises a second portion disposed on the external face of the sole.
• the second portion of the second sacrificial section is preferably identical to the second portion of the first sacrificial section.
• the second portions of the first and second sacrificial sections cover at least two-thirds of the width of the external face.
• the second portions of the first and second sacrificial sections have two lateral sides, parallel to the longitudinal direction, the two lateral sides being spaced from each other in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction so as to create a channel longitudinal between the first and second sacrificial sections.
• This longitudinal channel is therefore delimited between the two lateral sides and the external face. It allows the flow of mud during the placement of the formwork element in the trench.
• the second portions are destroyed during the drilling of the adjacent trench and evacuated out of the trench by pumping.
• the second sacrificial section comprises a third portion disposed along the second lateral edge, the third portion being attached to the first and second portions of the second sacrificial profile.
• the second sacrificial profile is preferably in one piece.
• the second sacrificial section is preferably identical to the first sacrificial section, the first and second sacrificial sections extending on either side of the box.
• the formwork assistance device comprises a plurality of first sacrificial sections arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the formwork element.
• the first sacrificial sections extend over substantially the entire length of the sole.
• the formwork element further comprises a seal which is fixed to the box.
• the seal has a first portion initially disposed inside the box and a second portion extending outside the box.
• the joint is substantially perpendicular to the external face of the sole. The second portion of the joint engages with the concrete of the first panel after hardening.
• the invention further relates to a formwork system comprising a formwork element according to the invention, and a formwork device comprising at least one first formwork hand configured to be moved longitudinally along the first lateral zone of the internal face of the sole so as to break at least the first portion of the first sacrificial profile.
• the formwork removal device is mounted at the end of a drilling tool, for example a bucket.
• the formwork device preferably comprises a second formwork hand, symmetrical with respect to the first formwork hand, so as to simultaneously destroy the first portions of the first and second sacrificial sections during the vertical movement of the formwork hands.
• the formwork release device also comprises a displacement device for vertically moving the first formwork hand in the trench along the two lateral edges of the sole.
• the invention further relates to a method of formwork removal of a formwork element according to the invention, said formwork element being placed at the end of a first trench filled with concrete, process in which, after hardening, a formwork hand along the length of the base so that the formwork hand breaks at least the first portion of the first sacrificial section, then the formwork element is removed from the trench
• a second trench adjacent to the first trench is drilled under mud by biting the second portions of the first and second sacrificial sections, the fragments of sections then being removed by pumping or by the bucket during excavation of the adjacent trench.
• the invention relates to a method for producing a wall molded into the ground, comprising the following steps:
• a first vertical trench of rectangular section is drilled in the ground, the first trench having a first longitudinal end;
• a formwork element according to the invention is placed in the first trench, near the longitudinal end;
• the first trench is filled with concrete in order to form a first concrete panel
• a first formwork hand is moved vertically in the thickness of the first portion in order to break said first portion;
• the second trench is filled with concrete to form a second concrete panel.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention provided with a formwork assistance device;
• FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the formwork element of Figure 1, illustrating the establishment of the first and second sacrificial sections;
• Figure 3 is a top view of the formwork element of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 is a front view of the formwork element of Figure 1 which includes several formwork assistance devices;
• FIG. 5 is a rear view of the formwork element of Figure 4.
• FIG. 6A to 61 illustrate the process for producing a diaphragm wall according to the invention using a formwork system according to the invention.
• FIGS. 1 to 5 an embodiment of a formwork element 10 according to the present invention will be described.
• the formwork element 10 is intended to be disposed at one end of a vertical trench made in soil S.
• the formwork element 10 extends in a longitudinal direction A. In use, the longitudinal direction A is vertical.
• the formwork element 10 comprises a sole 12, preferably made of steel, which has a first lateral edge 14 and a second lateral edge 16, the first and second lateral edges 14, 16 also extending in the longitudinal direction A.
• the sole 12 also has an outer face 18 which is planar.
• the sole has a length of 700 cm and a width of 144 cm.
• the external and internal faces are substantially parallel.
• the sole also has an internal face 20, better visible in FIG. 3, which carries a box 22.
• This box 22 is, in this example, welded to the internal face of the sole.
• the box 22 has the shape of a bell which extends in the longitudinal direction A, along substantially the entire length of the sole.
• Box 22 has a vertex 22a distant from the internal face of the sole, which comprises a seal carrier 24 to which is fixed a seal 26 which extends in the longitudinal direction A of the sole.
• This seal 26 has a first portion 26a which extends inside the box 22, and a second portion 26b which extends outside the box. More precisely, the first portion 26a is inserted into a longitudinal slot 28 which is formed in the seal holder 24.
• the box 22 leaves free on the internal face 20 of the sole 12 a first lateral zone 30 which is defined between the first side edge 4 and the box 22.
• the box 22 also leaves free on the internal face 20 of the sole a second lateral zone 32 which is defined between the second lateral edge 16 and the box 22.
• the first and second lateral zones 30, 32 are parallel to the external face 18.
• first and second lateral zones 30, 32 are planar and extend in the longitudinal direction A.
• the width I of the sole, considered in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction A, is of the order of 144 centimeters, while the widths
• 1 1 , l 2 of the first and second lateral zones is of the order of 37 centimeters.
• the formwork element 10 further comprises a formwork relief device 40 which cooperates with the sole
• This formwork relief device 40 comprises a plurality of first sacrificial sections 42, as well as a plurality of second sacrificial sections 44.
• the first and second sacrificial sections when they are mounted on the sole, extend in this example in the longitudinal direction of said sole.
• the first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44 have substantially the same shape and the same dimensions so that we will limit our to describing in detail the first sacrificial section 42.
• first sacrificial section 42 comprises a first portion 50, a second portion 52, parallel to the first portion 50, and a third portion 54, which is perpendicular to the first and second portions 50 , 52.
• Each of the first and second portions 50, 52, 54 has the form of a plate which extends in a longitudinal direction B, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction A when the first profile is mounted on the sole.
• the first portions are arranged on the first lateral zone 30 of the internal face 20 of the sole 12.
• the first, second and third portions form a single piece.
• the first sacrificial section 42 is in one piece.
• the second sacrificial section 44 is in one piece.
• the first sacrificial section 42 is made of a brittle material, in this example it is polystyrene whose density is between 15 and 45 kg / m 3 .
• the spacing e 2 between the first and second portions 50, 52 of the first sacrificial section 42 corresponds substantially to the thickness ei of the sole 12.
• the first portion 50 has a width di, considered in a direction perpendicular to the third portion 54.
• the portion 52 has a width d 2 , considered in a perpendicular direction to the third portion 54.
• the width d 2 of the second portion 52 is greater than the width di of the first portion 50.
• the width di of the first portion 50 is configured so that, when the first sacrificial section 42 is mounted on the sole 12, the first portion 50 covers the first lateral zone 30.
• the second portion 52 is arranged on the external face of said sole. More specifically, the first sacrificial section 42 covers at least one third of the width I of the sole 12.
• the second portions 52, 52 'of the first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44 have two lateral sides 52a, 52a', which are parallel to the direction longitudinal A. These two lateral sides 52a, 52a 'are spaced from each other - in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction A - by a distance f, in this example of the order of 10 cm. This creates a longitudinal channel 60 between the second portions 52, 52 'of the first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44.
• This longitudinal channel 60 facilitates the flow of drilling mud during the positioning of the formwork element in the trench.
• the third portion 54 of the first sacrificial section 42 extends along the first lateral edge 14 when the first sacrificial section 42 is mounted on the sole 12.
• the third portion bears against the first lateral edge of the sole.
• the third portion 54 ′ of the second sacrificial profile 44 is disposed along the second lateral edge 16 when the second sacrificial profile is mounted on the sole 12.
• the formwork element 10 further comprises a fixing device 70, which in this example is in the form of straps 72 which enclose the sole, the box and sacrificial profiles.
• a fixing device 70 which in this example is in the form of straps 72 which enclose the sole, the box and sacrificial profiles.
• two straps 72 have been provided to hold a pair consisting of a first sacrificial profile and a second sacrificial profile.
• a different number of straps can be provided, in particular as a function of the length of the sacrificial sections.
• shims 73 arranged on either side of the seal between the box 22 and the straps 72.
• the shuttering element comprises a plurality of first sacrificial sections 42 which are arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction A, as well as a plurality of second sacrificial sections 44 which are also arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction A.
• the pluralities of first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44 are arranged end to end.
• a first trench 102 has been illustrated which is drilled in the ground S using a machine known elsewhere, for example a cutter with rotary cutting drums.
• the drilling is carried out under mud, that is to say that drilling mud is injected into the trench during the excavation, while pumping the mud in order to evacuate the fragments of excavated soil.
• the first trench 102 has a substantially rectangular shape which conventionally comprises a first longitudinal end 104.
• FIG. 6B the first trench 102 has been illustrated in which a formwork element 10 according to the present invention has been inserted.
• the longitudinal direction of the formwork element 10 extends vertically, while the external face 18 of the sole 12 is directed towards the end 104 of the first trench 102.
• the mud 102 is replaced by concrete.
• concrete bypasses the first and second lateral edges 14, 16 of the base 12 to come to be received between the formwork element 10 and the end 104 of the first trench 102.
• the thin layer of concrete which is capable of being inserted between the formwork element 10 and the end 104 of the first trench 102 has been referenced by 106.
• a second trench 110 is drilled adjacent to the first trench 102.
• the second trench 110 is drilled in continuity with the end 104 of the first trench 102.
• the drilling tool used bites the second portions 52, 52 'of the first and second sacrificial elements 42, 44 so that, during the drilling of second trench, the second portions 52, 52 'are destroyed and evacuated from the trench by pumping. Again, drilling is done under mud.
• a formwork process is implemented to form the formwork element.
• each of the first and second hands has the shape of a hook composed of a first part and of a second part perpendicular to the first part.
• the first part is configured to engage in the thickness of the first portion 50
• the second part is configured to engage in the thickness of the third portion 54.
• the formwork element and the formwork removal device constitute a formwork system.
• first and second formwork hands 120, 122 are lowered vertically along the first and second lateral zones of the sole 12 from the ground surface, so as to engage in the thickness of the first and third portions , in order to break said first and third portions of the first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44.
• the passage of the first and second formwork hands 120, 122 on the internal face of the sole is facilitated by the presence of the first portions 50, 50 'of the first and second sacrificial sections 42, 44 which are quickly shredded during the movement of the first and second formwork hands.
• a tensile movement directed in a direction perpendicular to the external face 18 so as to separate the formwork element 10 from the concrete panel. This also has the effect of releasing the joint 28, the second portion 26b of which remains integral with the first concrete panel.
• the formwork element is then removed from the ground, so that the mud fills the space which was previously occupied by the formwork element 10, as illustrated in FIG. 6G.
• the second trench 104 is filled with concrete so as to obtain, after hardening, a second concrete panel.
• a diaphragm wall consisting of the first and second is thus obtained adjacent concrete panels. It can be seen that the first portion 28a of the joint 28 engages with the hardened concrete of the second portion 104, in order to form the seal between the two concrete wall elements.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Family Cites Families (14)

• 2018
  • 2018-06-27 FR FR1855779A patent/FR3083250B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-06-26 SG SG11202012316SA patent/SG11202012316SA/en unknown
  • 2019-06-26 CA CA3103361A patent/CA3103361A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-06-26 US US17/253,728 patent/US11560684B2/en active Active
  • 2019-06-26 MX MX2020013879A patent/MX2020013879A/es unknown
  • 2019-06-26 EP EP19748858.8A patent/EP3814574A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-06-26 WO PCT/FR2019/051578 patent/WO2020002836A1/fr unknown
• 2020
  • 2020-12-18 CO CONC2020/0015945A patent/CO2020015945A2/es unknown

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