EP3796102B1 - Procede de fabrication d'un balancier pour piece d'horlogerie - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un balancier pour piece d'horlogerie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3796102B1
EP3796102B1 EP20201790.1A EP20201790A EP3796102B1 EP 3796102 B1 EP3796102 B1 EP 3796102B1 EP 20201790 A EP20201790 A EP 20201790A EP 3796102 B1 EP3796102 B1 EP 3796102B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal alloy
ppm
hub
felloe
process according
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Application number
EP20201790.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3796102A1 (fr
Inventor
Alexandre Haemmerli
Jean-Claude Martin
Lionel Paratte
Yves Winkler
Gianni Di Domenico
Pascal Winkler
Jean-Luc Helfer
Lionel TOMBEZ
Baptiste Hinaux
Donald Corson
Michel Willemin
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication date
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Priority to EP20201790.1A priority Critical patent/EP3796102B1/fr
Publication of EP3796102A1 publication Critical patent/EP3796102A1/fr
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Publication of EP3796102B1 publication Critical patent/EP3796102B1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/222—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature with balances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/006—Mechanisms for setting frequency by adjusting the devices fixed on the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0002—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe
    • G04D3/0035—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for components of the regulating mechanism
    • G04D3/0038—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for components of the regulating mechanism for balances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
    • B22D25/026—Casting jewelry articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a balance wheel for a timepiece comprising a rim, a hub and at least one arm connecting the hub to said rim.
  • the oscillator or resonator of a mechanical watch consists of a spiral spring and a flywheel called a balance wheel.
  • the thermal variations vary the rigidity of the hairspring, as well as the geometries of the hairspring and the balance wheel, which modifies the spring constant and the inertia, and therefore the frequency of oscillation.
  • Watchmakers have worked hard to have stable temperature oscillators and several avenues have been explored/exploited, one of which earned Charles-Edouard Council a Nobel Prize for the development of the Elinvar alloy whose modulus of elasticity increases with temperature and compensates for the increase in inertia of the balance wheel.
  • quartz hairspring provides thermal compensation for the change in inertia of the balance wheel.
  • quartz is limited to materials having a thermal expansion coefficient of the order of 10 ppm/°C, which corresponds for example titanium and platinum.
  • the main problem with these materials is machinability and mastery of a fine structure and/or a perfect finish (mirror polish, for example).
  • titanium its relatively low density limits its use for large balances and in the case of platinum its high price limits its use to prestige and luxury products.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of manufacturing a balance made of new materials allowing simpler and more precise manufacture, so as to reduce, for example, the dispersion of inertia and/or unbalance within the same production batch.
  • a metal alloy balance wheel can be made using a simplified manufacturing process such as a casting process or a hot forming process. Furthermore, the metal alloy in its at least partially amorphous form has the property of having a much greater elastic range than its crystalline counterpart, thanks to the absence of dislocation. This property makes it possible to overmold or integrate into the balance wheel elements making it possible to improve the centering as well as to adjust the inertia and/or the unbalance.
  • a pendulum 1 for a timepiece comprises in a traditional manner a rim 2, continuous or not, defining the outer diameter of the balance 1, a hub 4, forming its central part and provided with a hole 6 intended to receive a shaft (not shown) defining the pivot axis of the balance 1.
  • the hub 4 is solidly connected to the rim 2 by arms 8.
  • the arms 8 are here four in number and are arranged at 90°.
  • pendulums with two or three arms, arranged respectively at 180° or 120°.
  • the rim 2, the hub 4 and the arms 8 are made from the same metal alloy.
  • the balance 1 is monobloc, that is to say made in one piece.
  • the balance 1 can for example be made entirely of an alloy based on platinum or palladium which will be described in detail below. Platinum in particular having a high density (21000 kg/m 3 ), the platinum alloy used in the invention also has a high density (15.5 g/cm 3 ), so that the addition of elements in dense material to increase the inertia of the pendulum will not necessarily be necessary.
  • the cooling step d) can be done at a cooling rate chosen to obtain a crystalline, partially amorphous or totally amorphous alloy.
  • the balance 1 can also be made entirely, for example, of an alloy based on titanium or zirconium which will be described in detail below.
  • Zirconium for example, having a lower density
  • the zirconium alloy used in the invention also has a lower density (6.5 g/cm 3 ), so that the addition of elements made of denser material for increasing the inertia of the balance wheel is recommended, especially if you want to make a small balance wheel for small movements. These elements make it possible to increase the inertia of the balance wheel while maintaining an aesthetic serge geometry and with good aerodynamic properties.
  • the rim 2 may comprise first molded inertia adjustment elements 10, said first inertia adjustment elements 10 being made of a material having a density greater than the density of the metal alloy.
  • These first adjustment elements of the inertia 10 can for example be made of tungsten or tungsten carbide, and are obtained by molding.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a step of overmolding said first inertia adjustment elements 10 in the rim 2, by means of inserts placed in the mold before the introduction of the metal alloy, and molded, said first inertia adjustment elements 10 being made of a first material having a density greater than the density of said metal alloy.
  • the arms and the hub of the balance are made of a metal alloy, the rim being made of a material having a density greater than the density of said metal alloy used for the arms and the hub.
  • This material may itself be the metal alloy based on platinum or palladium as defined below or another material.
  • the arms and the hub of the balance wheel are made of the amorphous zirconium-based metal alloy as defined below to enable the balance wheel to be paired with a hairspring preferably in monocrystalline quartz, and the serge is made in another material having a higher density than the density of the zirconium-based metal alloy used for the arms and the hub in order to improve the inertia of the balance wheel.
  • the cooling step d) can be done at a cooling rate chosen to obtain a crystalline, partially amorphous or totally amorphous alloy.
  • the methods of the invention according to the first or second embodiments advantageously use the properties of a metal alloy capable of being in an at least partially amorphous form when it is heated to easily shape it in order to produce a metal alloy balance.
  • a metal alloy capable of being in an at least partially amorphous form when it is heated allows great ease in shaping allowing the manufacture of parts with complicated shapes with greater precision.
  • a method advantageously used is the hot forming of an amorphous preform.
  • This preform is obtained by melting in a furnace the metallic elements intended to constitute the metallic alloy. This fusion is carried out under a controlled atmosphere with the aim of obtaining as low a contamination of the alloy as possible with oxygen. Once these elements have been melted, they are cast as a semi-finished product, then cooled rapidly in order to maintain the partially or totally amorphous state.
  • hot forming is carried out in order to obtain a final part. This hot forming is carried out by pressing in a temperature range comprised between the glass transition temperature Tg and the crystallization temperature Tx of the metal alloy for a determined time to maintain an at least partially amorphous structure. This is done in order to retain the characteristic elastic properties of amorphous metals.
  • the balance can also be made by casting or by injection.
  • This process consists of casting or injecting the metal alloy heated to a temperature between its glass transition temperature and its crystallization temperature to be at least partially amorphous in a mold having the shape of the final part.
  • the mold can be reused or dissolved to release the parts.
  • the molding process has the advantage of perfectly replicating the geometry of the balance wheel, including any decorations or surface structuring. Less dispersion of inertia and better centering on an Iot of production of pendulums are obtained.
  • the molding process makes it possible to obtain a balance wheel with aesthetic geometry, with sharp interior angles, a serge and/or curved arm profile, and a perfect finish. It is also possible to provide a non-continuous serge.
  • the mold will be made in silicon by a DRIE process. It is obvious that the mold can also be produced by machining by milling, laser, spark erosion or any other type of machining.
  • the characteristic elastic properties of amorphous metals are used to overmold or integrate functional and/or decorative elements in the serge and/or at the level of the arms and/or at the level of the hub, for example by means of corresponding inserts placed in the front mold introducing the metal alloy heated between its glass transition temperature and its crystallization temperature to be at least partially amorphous.
  • the rim 2 can comprise housings 12 intended to receive second inertia and/or unbalance adjustment elements 14, 15 as represented on the picture 3 .
  • These housings 12 can advantageously be provided during the manufacture of the balance 1 by molding, in accordance with the methods of the invention.
  • the second inertia and/or unbalance adjustment elements 14, 15 may for example be weights, split weights, pins 14, split pins, or pins with unbalance 15, which act as weights. These elements are driven or clipped into the corresponding housings 12.
  • a pin 14 is shown inserted in its housing 12, as well as a pin with an unbalance 15 inserted in its housing 12.
  • figure 4 shows a sectional view along line AA of the picture 3 representing the pin with unbalance 15 inserted in the housing 12 provided in the serge 2.
  • these elements for increasing the inertia of the balance are preferably used with a rim made of a low density material, such as titanium or zirconium, but can also be used with a rim in another material.
  • the slots 12 shown in the picture 3 can also constitute housings intended to receive aesthetic and/or luminescent elements, such as tritium tubes (not shown), or capsules of phosphorescent materials (of the Superluminova type, for example) or fluorescent materials.
  • aesthetic and/or luminescent elements such as tritium tubes (not shown), or capsules of phosphorescent materials (of the Superluminova type, for example) or fluorescent materials.
  • one or the other of the methods comprises a step of overmolding flexible centering elements 16, 17 on the hub 4, on its inner periphery or on its surface.
  • the hub 4 can comprise integrated flexible centering elements, which allow self-centering of the balance when it is mounted on an axle thanks to the elastic deformation of said flexible centering elements.
  • said integrated flexible centering elements 16 are elastic blades provided on the inner periphery of hub 4 so as to be positioned in hole 6.
  • said integrated flexible centering elements 17 are provided on the surface of the hub 4 and are distributed around the hole 6.
  • the flexible centering elements 16 and 17 can advantageously be put in place during the manufacture of the balance beam 1 by molding, in accordance with the methods of the invention.
  • one or the other of the methods comprises a step of overmolding third flexible inertia adjustment elements 19, 20, 22a, 22b in the arm 8.
  • at least the one of the arms 8 carries integrated third flexible inertia adjustment elements.
  • the end of the arm 8 on the side of the rim 2 ends in two branches 8a, 8b forming between them a housing 18 in which is integrated a third element for adjusting the inertia 19 flexible bistable in "V" for the adjustment of the frequency.
  • the third inertia adjustment element 20 flexible in buckling for the adjustment of the frequency.
  • the third inertia adjustment element 20 is made of a material having different expansion properties from the metal alloy of the balance of the invention, such as silicon or silicon oxide.
  • the end of the arm 8 on the side of the serge 2 ends in three branches 8a, 8b, 8c forming between them two housings 18a, 18b in which are integrated third inertia adjustment elements 22a, 22b flexible multi- stable ratchet for frequency adjustment.
  • These third flexible inertia adjusting elements 19, 20, 22a, 22b for adjusting the frequency can advantageously be put in place during the manufacture of the balance 1 by molding, in accordance with the methods of the invention.
  • These third flexible inertia adjusting elements 19, 20, 22a, 22b for adjusting the frequency can be used both when the whole of the balance wheel is in the same metal alloy and when the arms are in metal alloy, the rest of the balance, and in particular the serge, being in another material.
  • one of the arm 8, of the rim 2 and of the hub 4 has a structured surface state. Only one of the elements can have a structured surface condition or all the elements of the balance wheel can have a structured surface condition, this structured surface condition may be the same or different.
  • the figure 10 represents a balance wheel of the invention for which the serge 2 has a structured surface state different from the structured surface state presented by the arm 8. This structured surface state can be a polished, satin-brushed, sandblasted, beaded, sunburst state , etc.
  • the mold for manufacturing the balance wheel microstructures forming a photonic network in order to replicate these microstructures on the surface of the balance wheel.
  • These microstructures can make it possible to create a photonic crystal giving the part a certain color, a hologram, or a diffraction grating which can constitute an anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the structures are introduced directly into the mould, and are replicated during manufacture of the balance wheels by hot forming, which no longer requires finishing operations. It is also possible to add a logo to the mould.
  • the metal alloy used in the methods of the invention exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion typically less than 25 ppm/°C and greater than 7 ppm/°C, and is capable of being in an at least partially amorphous form when it is heated to a temperature between its glass transition temperature and its crystallization temperature.
  • the metal alloy used in the methods of the invention is based on an element chosen from the group consisting of platinum, zirconium, titanium, palladium, nickel, aluminum and iron.
  • the expression “based on an element” means that said metal alloy contains at least 50% by weight of said element.
  • Said metal alloy used in the present invention may be platinum-based and has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 12 ppm/°C, preferably between 8 ppm/°C and 12 ppm/°C.
  • the metal alloy used in the present invention can also be based on zirconium and has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 12 ppm/°C, preferably between 8 ppm/°C and 11 ppm/°C.
  • the metal alloy used in the present invention can also be based on palladium and has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm/°C, preferably between 13 ppm/°C and 18 ppm/°C.
  • the alloys used in the invention do not contain any impurities. However, they may include traces of impurities which may result, often inevitably, from the production of said alloys.
  • the alloys used in the present invention When the alloys used in the present invention have a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 12 ppm/°C and greater than 8 ppm/°C, they can be used to produce at least part of a balance which will be paired with a hairspring. preferably monocrystalline quartz.
  • the alloys used in the present invention having a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm/°C and greater than 13 ppm/°C can be used to produce at least part of a balance which will be paired with a metal hairspring or in silicon.
  • said metal alloy used in the present invention based on platinum consists, in values in atomic %, of: 57.5% Pt, 14.7% Cu, 5.3% Ni, 22.5% P.
  • Such an alloy has a coefficient of expansion temperature between 11 and 12 ppm/°C.
  • said zirconium-based metal alloy used in the present invention consists, in values in atomic %, of: 58.5% Zr, 15.6% Cu, 12.8% Ni, 10.3% Al, 2.8% Nb.
  • Such an alloy has a thermal expansion coefficient of between 10.5 and 11 ppm/°C.
  • said palladium-based metal alloy used in the present invention consists, in values in atomic %, of: 43% Pd, 27% Cu, 10% Ni, 20% P.
  • Such an alloy has a coefficient of expansion temperature between 15 and 16 ppm/°C.
  • the balance wheel according to the invention is made of a material allowing the use of a simple manufacturing process while having a coefficient of thermal expansion allowing it to be paired with a balance spring in monocrystalline quartz, and/or in metal or in silicon. , preferably monocrystalline quartz.
  • the balance wheel according to the invention also makes it possible to have at least arms having a coefficient of thermal expansion allowing it to be paired with a monocrystalline quartz hairspring, and/or metal or silicon, while having a high inertia while keeping a compact and aesthetic serge geometry, of small volume, using a suitable serge, either comprising elements made of a material of greater density, or being itself made of a higher density material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
EP20201790.1A 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procede de fabrication d'un balancier pour piece d'horlogerie Active EP3796102B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20201790.1A EP3796102B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procede de fabrication d'un balancier pour piece d'horlogerie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17210299.8A EP3502787B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie
EP20201790.1A EP3796102B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procede de fabrication d'un balancier pour piece d'horlogerie

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17210299.8A Division EP3502787B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie
EP17210299.8A Division-Into EP3502787B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3796102A1 EP3796102A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
EP3796102B1 true EP3796102B1 (fr) 2022-04-20

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EP17210299.8A Active EP3502787B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie

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US (2) US11307535B2 (ja)
EP (2) EP3796102B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6770049B2 (ja)
CN (2) CN112965355A (ja)

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EP3796101A1 (fr) * 2019-09-20 2021-03-24 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Ressort spiral pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH716669B1 (fr) * 2019-10-03 2023-02-15 Richemont Int Sa Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre de pivotement de balancier.
CN115537598B (zh) * 2022-10-10 2023-06-20 东莞理工学院 一种宽温域可调控线性低热膨胀钛铌合金及其制备方法
CN115537599B (zh) * 2022-10-13 2023-06-06 东莞理工学院 一种高弹性模量及近零线膨胀系数的钛铌合金及其制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11307535B2 (en) 2022-04-19
US11640140B2 (en) 2023-05-02
EP3502787A1 (fr) 2019-06-26
CN109960137A (zh) 2019-07-02
CN112965355A (zh) 2021-06-15
CN109960137B (zh) 2021-04-09
US20220163923A1 (en) 2022-05-26
US20190196408A1 (en) 2019-06-27
EP3796102A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
JP2019113533A (ja) 2019-07-11
JP6770049B2 (ja) 2020-10-14
EP3502787B1 (fr) 2020-11-18

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