EP3792421A1

EP3792421A1 - Assembly of building blocks

Info

Publication number: EP3792421A1
Application number: EP19734501.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Pablo Enrique Martin Lozano
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-10
Filing date: 2019-05-10
Publication date: 2021-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-10
Also published as: AR111923A1; BR112020022789A2; RS64752B1; CL2020002904A1; PL3792421T3; HUE063169T2; WO2019215692A1; FI3792421T3; UY38227A; HRP20231154T1; ES2958753T3; EP3792421B1; DK3792421T3

Abstract

An assembly of building blocks of the type that are formed by parallelepiped bodies with interior cells and have at least a first face and a second face of embedding between blocks, wherein the assembly comprises a first base block having at least two sections of different height forming a stepped body, in the form of two steps, and a second interleaving block having at least two sections of different height forming a lying "T"-shaped body, so that the wing of the "T" is arranged vertically and the mast of the "T" is arranged horizontally.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to an assembly of building blocks, which can also be called bricks, of the type used in the construction of buildings, houses, building walls, etc., which allows a quick erection of the walls, favored by a contact, coupling and/or improved clamping between blocks, which allows the use of adhesives for construction and where walls, finally, have a very low heat transmission factor compared to traditional walls, providing significant savings in the construction of walls and obtaining better thermal coefficients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

With the ecological awareness of today, thermal and energy conservation factors are taking more and more prominence in the construction of sidewalls, walls, partitions, homes in general. One of the most important factors is the fact of taking into account the energy consumptions that allow to maintain the cool environments in times of high temperature and to conserve the internal heat in times of cold. For this to happen, the walls must have constructive characteristics that allow obtaining conditions that are as ideal as possible.
On the other hand, the fastest and most efficient types of construction are also increasingly imposed in terms of time and structural reliability. In these constructions a variety of stone material is used, such as clay bricks, cement mortar blocks, stones and similar ones of equal or similar origin to those already mentioned. The blocks or bricks can be placed to bone, although usually they are coupled with mortar which is the material of grip formed by the combination of binders and agglomerates composed of cement, fine aggregate and water. The traditional union between the wall bricks is based on the application of mortar on all the contact surfaces of the same. This cementitious mass is much more thermal conductive than the brick itself, which generates a thermal bridge through it between the internal plaster and the exterior plaster of the wall that are at different temperatures. Because of this, the desired insulating effect is significantly reduced with the consequent loss of energy conservation and generates pathologies inside the houses as the ceramic skin is not continuous, causing temperature differences between the cementitious areas and the brick. Within the pathologies can be mentioned differences of coloration in the paintings. On the other hand, the tendency and potential regulations in building of the different climatic zones, privileged the saving and conservation of energy.
The inventor of the present invention developed a system of union of bricks that he published in his Argentine Patent Application No. P 090105139 and that was improving with time achieving more evolved developments in what it does to the coupling and union of the bricks or blocks, also taking advantage of the use of adhesives belonging to new technologies available in the market. The joining system of said patent application of the same inventor, not only facilitated the coupling of the building blocks, accelerated the erection of any wall or wall formed by such blocks, but also improved the thermal conservation factors of the walls. However, as indicated, the same inventor continued to develop his own inventive concepts to get a new assembly of blocks that significantly improve construction times as well as the process of erection of a wall, reduce costs and achieve a marked reduction in the coefficient of heat transmission improving the pathologies of the wall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel assembly of building blocks that facilitate the tasks and reduce the erection times of a wall, while providing a construction in which its sidewalls and/or walls, and/or partitions have a reduced coefficient of heat transmission.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved wall or wall formed by a novel design of the building blocks coupled and adhered by an adhesive bonding material between blocks, all of which allows the erection of a wall, wall and/or partition much faster and more practical and very low thermal transmittance factor.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an assembly of building blocks of the type that the blocks are formed by parallelepiped bodies with inner cells and have at least a first face and a second face of clamping between blocks, wherein said first face has a first cavity open towards the outside and said second face has a second cavity open towards the outside from which second cavity extends a protrusion, wherein the edges of said second cavity define a geometric plane below which said second cavity has a volume V2, and said protrusion protrudes outside said geometric plane defining a projecting end, and said projecting end has a volume Ve, where Ve < V2, and wherein said first cavity has a volume V1 and V1 > Ve.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved sidewall or wall formed by a novel design of the building blocks coupled and adhered by an adhesive bonding material between blocks, all of which allows the erection of a wall, sidewall and/or partition much faster and more practical and very low thermal transmittance factor.
It is still an object of the present invention to provide an assembly of building blocks of the type that the blocks are formed by parallelepiped bodies with interior cells having at least a first face and a second contact face, wherein said first face has at least one a flat face and said second face has at least one flat face, both flat faces each defining respective geometric planes between which an adhesive material is placed between blocks, wherein said adhesive material is selected from the group consisting of an adhesive paste or adhesive mass of epoxy composition, cementitious or any other that requires low thicknesses for its use, including double-sided bonding tapes, that is to say with opposed adhesive faces. The adhesive material is applicable indistinctly with traditional or thin thicknesses.
For the purposes of the present description, a flat face is a face of the brick having no cavities or protrusions that form a socket, and the flat face can have any texture, grooves, ribs, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For greater clarity and understanding of the object of the present invention, it has been illustrated in several figures, in which the same has been represented in one of the preferred embodiments, all by way of example, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side view of a first block or base block according to an embodiment of the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with two sections of different heights forming a stepped body of two steps;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side view of a first block or base block according to another embodiment of the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with three sections of different heights forming a stepped body of three steps;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a side view of a second block or interleaving block according to the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with two sections of different heights that form a lying "T"-shaped body;
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a side view of a sidewall according to the invention, raised with the first block or base block of Figures 2 and 3 and a plurality of interleaved blocks of Figures 5 and 6;
Figure 8 is a side view of two blocks about to be locked, where the first face presenting the first cavity of a lower block and the second face having the second cavity and protrusion of an upper block are seen, and
Figure 9 is a side view of the two blocks of Figure 8 already embedded and adhered with an adhesive material such as a mortar.
Figure 10 is a side view of a first block or base block according to another embodiment of the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with two sections of different heights forming a stepped body of two steps;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is a side view of a first block or base block according to another embodiment of the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with three sections of different heights forming a stepped body of three steps;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 12;
Figure 14 is a side view of a second block or interleaving block according to the invention wherein the parallelepiped body is a body with two sections of different heights that form a lying "T"-shaped body;
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the base body of Figure 14;
Figure 16 is a side view of a sidewall according to the invention, erected with the first block or base block of Figures 10 to 13 and a plurality of interleaved blocks of Figures 14 and 15;
Figure 17 is a side view of two blocks about to be joined, where the bonding material between blocks is seen;
Figure 18 is a side view of the two blocks of Figure 17 already adhered with an adhesive material,
Figure 19 shows in section an alternative wall according to the invention,
Figure 20 shows a side perspective view of the wall of Figure 16, and
Figure 21 shows a side perspective view of the wall of Figure 19.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With reference to the figures, it is observed that the invention proposes an assembly of building blocks, the term "block" being understood in a general concept that covers any type of bricks, hollow or partially hollow, with individual cells, with internal partitions, blocks, etc., made of any material, whether stony, with light aggregates of volcanic origin, annealed or red brick, concrete block, cementitious, plastics, polymeric, etc.
According to a preferred embodiment, it is a brick of the type called thermal brick, such as, for example, a thermal concrete brick that is a prefabricated piece in the shape of a straight prism, or parallelepiped, of one or more sections, out of phase or staggered, manufactured with light aggregates for use in the construction of walls, sidewalls, partitions, etc. It can be manufactured with light aggregates of volcanic origin, so that the blocks can have thermal properties superior to those of the annealed or red bricks and the normal concrete blocks.
The blocks can be manufactured using light aggregates to achieve a final product that due to its lightness has excellent thermal properties compared to traditional systems for the construction of walls. Its main application is the construction of housing walls, commercial premises, etc., where thermal efficiency is sought. However, one skilled in the art will realize that the assembly of blocks of the invention can be used in various applications and in different materials.
The assembly of blocks of the invention comprises at least two types of blocks which will be referred to in detail below, a first type of block or base block, which can be seen in Figures 1 to 4 according to two alternatives, and a second block or interleaving block, which is observed in Figures 5 and 6. These bricks or blocks allow erecting walls as illustrated in Figures 7 to 9.
Said two types of blocks are also presented, in an alternative form of the invention, with bearing faces and/or joint and/or coupling which are generally flat, whether smooth, textured, ribbed, grooved, etc., as shown in Figures 10 to 15. Walls erected with these alternative blocks are shown in Figures 16 to 19.
As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the first block or base block, indicated with the general reference 1, is a block that has a plurality of interior cells 2 that extend from side to side of the block and separated by internal partitions 3. The block has two sections 4, 5 of different height that form a stepped body, in the form of two steps. The outer walls of the block may have roughness that favors the coupling, thermal dissipation, handling, adhesion to adhesive materials, plaster, etc. The block has at least one first face 7, 8 at an upper end of each of said sections 4, 5, and the face has a cavity 9, 10 designed to form a socket with a block mounted on top of the base block, together with the use of an adhesive material, for example a mortar, as will be described in detail with respect to Figures 8 and 9. Said mortar, when flowing, generates a fluid clamping providing solidity to the wall since the bond between bricks is not exclusively by adhesion but also generates a mechanical fit.
According to another embodiment, illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the base block, indicated in this embodiment with the reference 11, is similar to the base block 1 with the difference that instead of being formed by two sections, it has three sections, 13 and 14, also of different height, forming a stepped body, in the form of three steps. As in the case of the block of Figures 1 and 2, the sections 12, 13, 14 have at their upper end a first face with cavities 15, 16, 17, being otherwise, as indicated, equal to block 1. Both the block 1 and the block 11 have a base face 18 designed to rest on the ground to start the erection of the wall, as can be seen in Figure 7.
The assembly of blocks of the invention further comprises, as indicated, a second interleaving block or block, which is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 and is indicated with the general reference 19. As the base block 1, 11, the interleaving block 19 presents a plurality of interior cells 20 that extend from side to side of the block and are separated by internal partitions 21. The block has two sections 22, 23 of different height forming a stepped body, or of out-of-phase sections, in the lying "T"-shape, so that the wing of the "T", indicated with the general reference 24, is preferably arranged vertically during the erection of the wall, and the mast of the "T", indicated with the general reference 25, it is arranged horizontally generating, in this way, disruptions with all the vertical and horizontal joints between both sides of the wall.
The wing 24 and the mast 25 of the lying "T" have respective upper ends in each of which a first face 26, 27 is defined, which has a first cavity 28, 29 open towards the outside. Unlike the base block 1, 11, the interleaving block 19 has lower locking faces. More particularly, the wing 24 and the mast 25 of the lying "T" have respective lower ends in each of which a second face 30, 31 is defined having a second cavity 32, 33 open towards the outside and having a protrusion 34, 35. The cavity 32, 33 and the protrusion 34, 35, arranged on the second face, or lower face of the sections 22, 23, are intended to form a socket with a cavity 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, of a base block disposed below the interleaving block 19, or with a cavity 28, 29 of another interleaving block, disposed below, in the erection of the wall. The interleaving of these blocks in a wall can be seen in the wall illustrated in Figure 7. However, the insertion between blocks, with the use of an adhesive material, will be described in more detail in relation to Figures 8 and 9.
As for the construction and other characteristics of materials, roughness, etc. the block 19 can have all the characteristics of the base block 1, 11. The base and interleaving blocks can be made of any material that meets the structural requirements of the construction being pursued as well as the thermal requirements. For example, they can be made of ceramics, cement, plastics and any material that allows forming blocks that adapt to the constructive conditions of the clamping and the fluid that is used for the clamping. The material to be housed in the cavities 7, 8 of Figure 1, for example, to achieve the union between blocks, fulfilling the times of fluid clamping, may be of cement origin, polyurethane or any material that allows flow in said union cavities.
In Figure 7 there is shown a sidewall, wall or partition constructed with the assembly of blocks of the invention. There it can be seen that the base of the wall conforms to at least one base block that can be two or three or more sections. In the illustrated embodiment, the base block of three sections 11 is used, which is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Once the base block 11 is assembled or fixed, the interleaving blocks 19 are mounted on top of it. This is how block 19 (a) is first placed, then block 19 (b) and above them block 19 (c), and so on until reaching the desired height. As can be seen, the blocks are coupled and retained by its shape of the lying "T", alternating the wings 14 and the masts 25 of the "T", but fundamentally, they are fixed to each other by fitting the first and second faces which present their cavities and protrusions, as will be described in relation to Figures 8 and 9.
Both the base blocks 1, 11 and the interleaving block 19 have, between their sections 4, 5; 12, 13, 14; and 22, 23, corresponding spacings, which separate the sections. Thus, in block 1 there is arranged at least one intermediate cell 36, which preferably comprises several aligned cells or recesses separating said sections 4, 5 from each other and defines a clearance 37 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 4, 5, such as can be seen in Figure 1.
On the other han, the block 11 has at least one intermediate cell 38, 39, which preferably comprises several aligned cells or recesses and which separate said sections 12, 13, 14 from each other and define clearances 40, 41 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 12, 13, 14, as can be seen in Figure 3.
Similarly, the interleaving block 19 has, between its sections 22, 23, a spacing formed by at least one intermediate cell 42, which preferably comprises several aligned cells or recesses separating said sections 22, 23 from each other and defining a clearance 43 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 22, 23, as can be seen in Figure 5.
As seen in Figure 7, when the blocks are interconnected, the spacings and clearances formed by the intermediate cells 36, 38, 39 and 42, form air chambers 44, 45. These air chambers represent themselves corresponding thermal barriers when cutting the transmission of heat from the outer walls. However, even though this construction reduces the thermal transmittance factor to convenient values, these chambers may also accommodate, according to the concepts of the invention, respective plates of insulating material, as indicated by reference 46 in Figure 7. The insulating material may be any selected from, a polymeric foam, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, glass wool, cardboard, according to the thermal stress of the wall. In this way a wall adapted to the desired climatic or physical needs is achieved, and it may be sufficient to leave the hole without insulation, making a very flexible wall to the desired requirements. Note that the air chambers 44, 45, and the insulating material 46 are strategically arranged in areas where there is no continuity of material, and presence of adhesive materials, as is the case with the embedding formed between the first and second faces of the embedding between the blocks.
According to the invention, these inserts are formed in a manner in which the use of adhesive material, such as mortar, binding pastes, binders, etc., is reduced or optimized and the retention between the blocks is improved. This is achieved by the special design of the first and second faces of the blocks and, more particularly thanks to the development of the cavities 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 28, 29, and the cavities 32, 33 with protrusions 34, 45.
The aforementioned embedding is shown in more detail in Figures 8 and 9 where the first cavity with the reference 9 of Figure 1 and the second cavity and protrusion with the references 32 and 34, respectively, of Figure 5, will be identified by way of example. In order to explain the embedding phenomenon more easily, it can be said that the cavity 9 has edges 47, 48 through which a geometric plane P1 can pass and the cavity 32 has edges 49, 50 through which a geometric plane P2 can pass. The cavity 9 has, enclosed below the plane P1, a volume V1 intended to receive any adhesive material used in the type of construction concerned, for example a material selected from cementitious mixture, polyurethane foam, epoxies mixtures, and any adhesive material that allows to flow through the cavities, responding to the protrusion 51.
It is well known that this adhesive material, for example mortar, is applied in estimated quantities on the faces of the bricks or blocks to be joined. Generally it is applied in excess and when the bricks are supported against each other the mortar escapes from the sides. This mortar is a better conductor of the temperature than the material of the brick so it works as the best heat transmission bridge. The inventor of the present invention set out to define exactly the amount of mortar required without there being excess waste and without the excess present enters the faces of the blocks or brick is there to form a bridge of heat transmission. For this, the cavity 9 has a volume that receives the mortar M that is placed until the edges 47 and 48 are flushed without needing to exceed the level of the plane P1, as shown in Figure 8, facilitating the same the level for leveling with the amount of material needed.
On the other hand, the second fitting face, of the block above, has the cavity 32 and the protrusion 34 designed to penetrate inside the cavity 9 when the blocks are embedded, as will be seen in Figure 9. Here, too, it can be say that the cavity 32 has, enclosed below the plane P2, a volume V2 intended to receive part of the adhesive material that has been placed inside the cavity 9. As a feature of the invention, the protrusion 34 projects outside said geometric plane P2 defining a protruding end 51 that presents a volume Ve. These volumes are not random but they maintain a relationship between them and is that the volume Ve is < that V2, and the volume V1 is > that Ve or the sum equals Ve. With this design and volumetric relationships it will be obtained an excellent fit with the optimum mortar used.
As can be seen, once the upper block has been fitted on the lower one, the protrusion 34 has pushed the mortar M upward causing it to enter upwardly inside the cavity 32 and surround the protruding end 51 generating a retention by the portion 52 of the mortar. As can be seen, there is no mortar material arranged in the joints between the edges 47, 49 and 48, 50, which is very convenient to avoid the formation of a heat transmission bridge that would form the mortar in those joints.
According to another alternative of the invention, other embodiments of the invention based on the construction of the base block and the interleaving block of Figures 1 to 9 are illustrated in Figures 10 to 19. To differentiate the references used in Figures 1 to 9 of those used in Figures 10 to 19, the number 100 has been added to the latter, that is, for example, reference 8 of Figures 1 to 9 is reference 108 of Figures 10 to 19.
As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11 the first block or base block, indicated with the general reference 101, is a block having a plurality of inner cells 102 that extend from side to side of the block and separated by internal partitions 103. The block has two sections 104 and 105 of different height forming a stepped body, in the form of two steps. The outer walls of the block can have roughnesses 106 that favor coupling, thermal dissipation, handling, adhesion to adhesive materials, plaster, etc. The block has at least one first face 107 and 108 at an upper end of each of said sections 104 and 105, and both faces have a flat face 109 and 110 intended to adhere forming a block mounted on top of the base block, together with the use of an adhesive material, as will be described in detail with respect to Figures 17 and 18.
According to another embodiment, illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, the base block, indicated in this embodiment with the reference 111, is similar to the base block 101 with the difference that instead of being formed by two sections, it has three sections 112, 113 and 114, also of different height, forming a stepped body, in the form of three steps. As in the case of the block of Figures 10 and 11, the sections 112, 113, 114 have at their upper end a first flat face 115, 116 and 117, being otherwise, as indicated, equal to the block 101. Both the block 101 and the block 111 have a base face 118 designed to rest on the ground to initiate the erection of the wall, as can be seen in Figures 16 and 19.
As in the first alternative, the assembly of blocks of the invention further comprises a second block or interleaving block, which is illustrated in Figures 14 and 15 and is indicated with the general reference 119. Like the base block 101, 111, the interleaving block 119 has a plurality of inner cells 120 extending from side to side of the block and are separated by internal partitions 121. The block has two sections 122 and 123 of different height that form a stepped body, or of out-of-phase sections, in a lying "T"-shape, so that the wing of the "T", indicated with the general reference 124, is preferably arranged vertically during the erection of the wall, and the mast of the "T", indicated with the general reference 125, is arranged horizontally generating, in this way, disruptions with all vertical and horizontal joints between both sides of the wall.
The wing 124 and the mast 125 of the lying "T" have respective upper ends in each of which a first flat face 126 and 127 is defined having a totally flat face 128 and 129. Unlike the base block 101, 111, the interleaving block 119 has lower contact faces. More particularly, the wing 124 and the mast 125 of the lying "T" have respective lower ends in each of which a second face 130 and 131 is defined having a flat face 132 and 133. The second flat faces 132 and 133 or lower face of the sections 122 and 123, are intended to form an embedding with the first faces 109, 110, 115, 116 and 117, of a base block arranged below the interleaving block 119, or with one face 128 and 129 of another interleaving block, arranged below, in the erection of the wall. The interleaving of these blocks in a wall can be seen in the wall illustrated in Figures 16 and 19. However, the embedding between blocks, with the use of an adhesive material 134, will be described in more detail in relation to Figures 17 and 18.
As for the construction and other characteristics of materials, roughness, etc., the block 119 may have all the characteristics of the base block 101 and 111. The base and interleaving blocks may be made of any material that meets the structural requirements of the construction that is pursued as well as thermal requirements.
In Figure 16, a sidewall, wall or partition constructed with the assembly of blocks of the invention is shown. There it can be seen that the base of the wall conforms to at least one base block that can be two or three or more sections. In the illustrated embodiment, the three-section base block 111 illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 has been used. Once the base block 111 is assembled or fixed, the interleaving blocks 119 start to be mounted on top of it. Thus block 119 (a) is first placed, then block 119 (b) and above these are block 119 (c), and so on until reaching the desired height. As can be seen, the blocks are coupled and retained by its lying "T"-shape, alternating the wings 114 and the masts 125 of the "T", but fundamentally, they are fixed to each other by contacting the first and second faces having flat faces between which an adhesive material 134 is disposed, as will be described in relation to Figures 17 and 18.
Both the base blocks 101 and 111 and the interleaving block 119 have, between their sections 104, 105; 112, 113, 114; and 122, 123, corresponding spacings, which separate the sections. Thus, in block 101 there is arranged at least one intermediate cell 136, which preferably comprises several aligned cells or recesses separating said sections 104, 105 from each other and defining a clearance 137 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 104, 105, such as can be seen in Figure 10. For its part, the block 111 has at least one intermediate cell 138, 139, which preferably comprises several cells or clearances aligned and separating said sections 112, 113, 114 from each other and define clearances 140, 141 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 112, 113, 114, as can be seen in Figures 12 and 13.
Similarly, the interleaving block 119 has, between its sections 122 and 123, a spacing formed by at least one intermediate cell 142, which preferably comprises several aligned cells or recesses separating said sections 122 and 123 from each other and defines a clearance 143 between the vertical protrusions of said sections 122 and 123, as can be seen in Figure 14.
As seen in Figures 16 and 17, when the blocks are in contact with each other, the spacings and clearances formed by the intermediate cells 136, 138, 139 and 142, form air chambers 144, 145. Said air chambers represent by themselves corresponding thermal barriers when cutting the transmission of heat or cold from the outer walls. However, even when this construction reduces the thermal transmittance factor in convenient values, these chambers can also accommodate, according to the concepts of the invention, respective plates of insulating material, as indicated by reference 146 in Figure 16. The insulating material may be any selected from, a polymeric foam, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, glass wool, cardboard, according to the thermal stress of the wall. In this way a wall adapted to the desired climatic or physical needs is achieved, and it may be sufficient to leave the hole without insulation, making a very flexible wall to the desired requirements. Note that the air chambers 144, 145, and the insulating material 146 are strategically arranged in the areas where there is no continuity of material, and presence of adhesive materials, as it is in the inserts formed between the first and second faces between the blocks. Alternatively, an insulating material 135 such as that illustrated in Figure 10 can be used, which allows the complete isolation of the wall to prevent the passage of air, cutting in turn, the transmission of cold-heat from the outer walls.
According to the invention, the use of adhesive material 134 that allows the "coupling" or union between blocks is reduced and optimized, being that it can be selected from the group consisting of mortar, bonding pastes, binders, quick contact cement, polyurethane foam, epoxies mixtures, double-sided bonding tapes and the retention between the blocks is improved. Particularly, in the present invention, adhesive mixtures such as epoxy mixtures, low thickness cementitious mixtures or adhesive compositions are used between the flat faces, for example adhesive strips or bands with adhesive on opposite sides or any other system or mixture that requires low thicknesses, in this way allow an erection of a wall, sidewall or partition much faster, practical and easy.
The coupling, joining or contact between blocks, is shown more in detail in Figures 17 and 18 where the first flat face with reference 109 of Figure 10 and the second flat face with reference 132 of Figures 14 and 15, will be identified, by way of example. A geometrical plane P1 passes through the flat face 109 and another geometric plane P2 passes through the flat face 132. Between said planes P1 and P2, an adhesive material 134 will be provided, the material preferably being thin application masses, whether of epoxy or cementitious origin or biphasic adhesive strips mentioned above, which, thanks to its properties and technical characteristics, allows a union and drying or curing much faster, with a more efficient bond between blocks, with less amount of material. It is well known that this adhesive material, for example mortar, is applied in estimated quantities on the faces of the bricks or blocks to be joined. Generally it is applied in excess and when the bricks are supported against each other to use, and consequently, allowing an erection of a wall, wall or partition much more quickly, conveniently and easily. In turn, the use of materials with low thermal conduction prevents it from functioning as a "heat transmission bridge". In this way, in addition to the optimization of operation times, the coefficient of heat transmission is improved with respect to that obtained in the parent patent.
Only the adhesive material has to be applied and by supporting the upper blocks the adhesive material will do its job of joining between blocks. On the other hand, it is not necessary to draw level lines, since it is given by the piece when supporting one over another. In addition, it facilitates high productivity in square meters since the materials are stacked on top of each other, taking advantage of the rigidity of the block itself and the speed of drying of the adhesive material; of being constructed with traditional joints, there would be buckling of the wall given the low mechanical resistance of the conventional cementitious material at first.

The advantage of reducing thermal bridges and saving adhesive material is undoubted, which represents improvements in the wall or final wall to form a better thermal barrier that has heat transmission factors K less than about 0.83 w/m²/k, much lower than those of a conventional wall that have higher K factors, around 1.75 w/m²/K, and lower than those obtained by the parent patent as can be seen in the following table:

Final heat transmissions U (W/m2.K)
Insulation		Without isolation		EPS		Rock wool		Glass wool
		λ of clearance		λ = 0,039 W/ (m.K)		λ = 0,040 W/ (m.K)		λ = 0,035 W/ (m.K)
Joints		Mortar	Polyurethane	Mortar	Polyurethane	Mortar	Polyurethane	Mortar	Polyuretha ne
		λ = 1,3	λ = 0,0028	λ=1,3	λ = 0,0028	λ = 1,3	λ = 0.0028	λ = 1,3	λ=0,0028
		W/(m.K)	W/ (m.K)	W/(m.K)	W/(m.K)	W/(m.K)	W/(m.K)	W/(m.K)	W/ (m.K)
	Without	1,02	0,86	0,87	0,77	0,88	0,77	0,86	0,76
150	coverings	1,02	0,86	0,87	0,77	0,88	0,77	0,86	0,76
mm	With	0,99	0,83	0,85	0,74	0,85	0,75	0,84	0,74
	coverings	0,99	0,83	0,85	0,74	0,85	0,75	0,84	0,74
	Without	0,67	0,57	0,51	0,45	0,51	0,45	0,49	0,44
250	coverings	0,67	0,57	0,51	0,45	0,51	0,45	0,49	0,44
mm	With	0,65	0,56	0,5	0,44	0,5	0,45	0,48	0,43
	coverings	0,65	0,56	0,5	0,44	0,5	0,45	0,48	0,43
	Without	0,51	0,43	0,35	0,31	0,36	0,32	0,34	0,31
340	coverings ngs	0,51	0,43	0,35	0,31	0,36	0,32	0,34	0,31
mm	With	0,5	0,42	0,35	0,31	0,35	0,32	0,34	0,3
	coverings ngs	0,5	0,42	0,35	0,31	0,35	0,32	0,34	0,3

As can be seen, the arrangement of insulating material between the air chambers helps to reduce notably the heat transmission coefficients in combination with the adhesive material that facilitates the tasks of erection of walls, walls and/or partitions. It can be seen that the table is divided into joints with and without coverings, different widths of blocks formed depending on the type of steps that comprise it and different types of insulating materials. In the case of coating, reference is made to an outer layer of cement lining approximately 10 mm thick, and to an internal layer of gypsum lining 10 mm thick.
Thus, it can be seen that in the case of not having insulation in the air chambers defined between the building blocks, without coatings and using mortar as an adhesive material, heat transmission coefficient values are obtained that vary between approximately 1.02 to 0.51, while with coatings varies between 0.99 to 0.50. Likewise, when using Polyurethane as an adhesive material between the blocks, the heat transmission coefficients improve remarkably obtaining values between 0.86 to 0.43 without coatings and 0.83 to 0.42 with coatings.
When using insulating materials such as ESP, rock wool and glass wool in the air chambers formed by the building blocks, the coefficient of heat transmission is further reduced, even using both mortar and polyurethane as adhesive material, being that in the In the case of the use of polyurethane, it is even more helpful to reduce the heat transmission coefficient. As an example, using glass wool as an insulating material between the chambers, together with coatings, using polyurethane as an adhesive material and a block width of 340 mm, a heat transmission coefficient of 0.30 or 0.34 is surprisingly obtained, if mortar is used as adhesive material.
By way of example, but not limiting for the invention, Figure 19 shows an alternative construction block of the present invention. As has been done with the references of Figures 10 to 18, to which the number "100" has been added, in Figure 19 the number "200" has been added. In Figure 19 there is illustrated a portion of a wall, sidewall, and/or partition 201 which has a base block of four sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 on which interleaving blocks 206 are alternately mounted. Both the base block and the interleaving block have the same characteristics mentioned above with respect to the blocks 101, 111 and 119. It can be seen then that, between the flat faces 207 and 208 of the base and interleaving blocks respectively, Polyurethane P is available as adhesive material. Likewise, between the air chambers 209 formed between the blocks, LV glass wool is available as insulating material. By means of this configuration, which is not limiting to the invention, the lowest values of heat transmission coefficient mentioned in the table and above are obtained.
As mentioned above, the inventors have continued to develop building blocks to provide better conditions for the erection of walls, sidewalls and/or partitions, as well as to reduce the coefficients of heat transmission. In the case of the present invention, the building blocks stand out for having flat faces between which an adhesive material is available as the adhesive masses of low thickness of application, of epoxy or cementitious origin, double-sided bonding tapes or similar or any other material that requires these characteristics for its application, which allows the erection of a wall, sidewall and/or partition in shorter times, in a much more practical, quick and easy, which combined with insulating materials arranged between the air chambers, and/or alternatively between blocks, allows to obtain significantly lower coefficients of heat transmission unlike the previous art.
The advantages provided by the present invention in the methods of erection of walls and in the results of the walls obtained are remarkable. For example, in the case of Figures 1 to 9, the bricklayer no longer has to estimate the amount of mortar required for an effective bond. Simply place the mortar inside the cavity 9 and level the dough with the spoon, filling the cavities without any calculation. Then it supports the upper blocks and the protrusions 34 will do their job of fitting and proper distribution of the mortar. On the other hand, it is not necessary to draw level lines, since it is given by the piece when supporting one over another. In addition, it facilitates high productivity in square meters since the materials are piled on top of each other, taking advantage of the rigidity of the block itself; of being built with traditional joints, there would be buckling of the wall given the low mechanical strength of the cementitious material at first.
On the other hand, the advantage of reducing thermal bridges and saving adhesive material is undoubted, which represents improvements in the wall or final wall to form a better thermal barrier that has heat transmittance factors K of about 0.83 w/m²/k, much smaller than those of a conventional wall with higher K factors, around 1.75 w/m²/K.

Claims

An assembly of building blocks of the type that are formed by parallelepiped bodies with interior cells and have at least a first face and a second face of embedding between blocks, characterized by comprising:
a first base block having at least two sections of different height forming a stepped body, in the form of two steps, and

a second interleaving block having at least two sections of different height forming a lying "T"-shaped body, so that the wing of the "T" is arranged vertically and the mast of the "T" is arranged horizontally.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that said first base block has three sections of different height forming a stepped body, in the form of three steps.
An assembly of blocks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that between said sections of said first base block and said second interleaving block, there is at least one intermediate cell that separates said sections from each other and defines a clearance between the vertical protrusions of said sections.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 3, characterized in that said first blocks are coupled and interlocked with each other and said clearance between the vertical protrusions of said sections forms an air chamber.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 4, characterized in that said air chamber houses a plate of insulating material.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 5, characterized in that said insulating material is selected from a polymeric foam, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, glass wool and cardboard.
An assembly of blocks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first and second blocks are made of ceramic, cementitious or plastic materials.
An assembly of blocks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first face has a first cavity open towards the outside and said second face has a second cavity open towards the outside from which second cavity extends a protrusion, in wherein the edges of said second cavity define a geometric plane below which said second cavity has a volume V2, and said protrusion protrudes outside said geometric plane defining a protruding end, and said protruding end has a volume Ve, being Ve < V2, and wherein said first cavity has a volume V1 and the relation V1> Ve is maintained.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 8, characterized in that said first face having said first cavity open towards the outside is disposed at an upper end of each of said sections of the stepped body.
An assembly of blocks according to any of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the wing and the mast of the lying "T" have respective upper ends where said first face having the first cavity open towards the outside is defined, and wherein the wing and the mast of the lying "T" have respective lower ends where said second face is defined which has the second cavity open towards the outside and which has the protrusion.
An assembly of blocks according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that said first and second cavities define receiving housings of an adhesive material selected from cementitious and polyurethane materials, polyurethane foam and epoxy blends.
An assembly of blocks according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said first face has at least one flat face and said second face has at least one flat face, both flat faces defining each respective planes geometric between which a bonding material between blocks is arranged, wherein said adhesive material is selected from the group consisting of adhesive masses of low application thickness, of epoxy or cementitious origin, double-sided bonding tapes.
An assembly of blocks according to claim 12, characterized in that said adhesive material is a low thickness epoxy adhesive mass.
An assembly of blocks according to any of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that said first flat face is disposed at an upper end of each of said sections of the stepped body.
An assembly of blocks according to any of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the wing and the mast of the lying "T" have respective upper ends where said first flat face is defined, and where the wing and the mast of the lying "T" have respective lower ends where said second flat face is defined.
An assembly of blocks according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plate of insulating material is provided which extends and expands through the section of the blocks partially or totally, and said insulating material is selected from a polymeric foam, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, glass wool and cardboard.