RU49549U1 - BUILDING WALL ELEMENT FROM POLYSTYREN CONCRETE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to building elements used to construct the exterior walls of buildings with enhanced heat-shielding properties.

A polystyrene concrete building wall element has overall dimensions (length x thickness x height) - (0.3-1.2) × (0.08-0.5) × (0.2-0.5) m with tolerances 0, 5-1.0 mm and a polystyrene concrete density of 200-500 kg / m ³ . A building element may have one or two quarters; on one side, have a groove, and on the opposite side, a ridge with dimensions in thickness providing the installation of stepped vertical seams with a thickness of not more than 2 mm; it is either in the form of a monolithic solid body or has at least 2 rows of grooves through or through not thick up to 20 mm thick, parallel to the front surface of the element, which can be filled with a material having lower thermal conductivity than polystyrene concrete. A building wall element can have an external textured lining layer of fine-grained concrete with a thickness of at least 20 mm, while the lining layer is made of either ordinary fine-grained concrete with a smooth outer surface for painting, or decorative fine-grained concrete and may have a relief pattern.

The technical result is the provision (subject to heat protection standards) of low material consumption, the complexity of installation and the cost of 1 m ^{2 of the} outer walls of buildings, improving the heat-shielding properties of the walls and their stability under wind influences, as well as increasing the factory readiness of elements and decorative expressiveness of building facades.

Description

The utility model relates to building elements (blocks) used to construct the exterior walls of buildings with enhanced heat-shielding properties.

A building block of polystyrene concrete is known in the form of a closed shell containing longitudinal and transverse bridges that form a body with through channels of rectangular cross section, while spacing protrusions are located on the lateral sides-faces of the transverse bridges, and a longitudinal groove is made on the upper faces of the transverse bridges, the axis of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the block with the following ratios of geometric parameters: L = (4.5-5.5) V; N = (1.8-2.0) B, where L is the length of the block; B is the width of the block; H is the height of the block, and the block itself contains two through channels symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the block, the width of which is 1/3 of the block width [1].

A building block of polystyrene concrete is known in the form of a closed shell containing longitudinal and transverse bridges that form a body with a through channel or channels of rectangular cross section, having at least one side-face of the transverse bridge spacing protrusions, and longitudinal on the upper faces of the transverse bridges a groove, the distance from the axis of which to the outer edge of the lateral longitudinal bridge is 0.3 of the width of the block, while the length of the block is a multiple of a multiple of the width of the block, and the height is 0.7-0.8 of the width block, and in the body of the closed shell additionally made at least one blind channel [2].

The disadvantages of the known building blocks made of polystyrene concrete are their low manufacturing ability and low thermal resistance due to the significant size of the internal grooves and channels, which determine high heat loss due to convection and heat radiation. In addition, these building blocks do not have high factory readiness, as they do not provide for finishing textured layers, including front.

Known wall building elements in accordance with GOST 6133-84 [3], which are mortar-laid stones wall solid and hollow, ordinary and face from light and heavy concrete on cement, lime, slag or gypsum binders, with a density of at least 750 kg / m ³ having the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds with maximum overall dimensions (length x thickness x height)

390 (410 × 190 (200) × 188 (200) mm or 288 × 288 × 138 mm weighing up to 31.0 kg with tolerances on the main dimensions of ± (3-4) mm.

Famous wall building elements according to GOST 530-95 and GOST 7484-78 [4, 5], which are ceramic stones (blocks), including facial, having the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds with internal voids of maximum overall dimensions of 250 (380) × 250 (255) × 188 mm with tolerances of ± (4-7) mm.

Known wall building elements according to GOST 6428-83 [6], which are gypsum boards (blocks) for partitions, incl. Porgypsum with a density of at least 800 kg / m ³ , having the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds with maximum overall dimensions (600-900) × (80-100) × 300 mm with tolerances of 1-2 mm, while there are grooves and ridges on the end surfaces, increasing the mechanical stability of the wall. However, these elements cannot be used for exterior walls, as they do not have the necessary moisture and frost resistance.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed utility model are wall blocks of cellular concrete according to GOST 21520-89 [7], which are solid building elements, including stacked on glue, having the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds with a density of at least 500 kg / m ³ with a maximum overall dimension of 598 × 295 × 298 mm with tolerances of at least 1-2 mm.

Common disadvantages of wall blocks made of heavy, light and cellular concrete, as well as ceramics are:

- high material consumption, resulting from the relatively high density of the material of the blocks, causing them to rise in price;

- insufficient thermal conductivity or reduced thermal resistance of the elements, which necessitates the implementation of current standards for thermal protection (SNiP 11-3-79 *, ed. 1998) [8] in the device of the outer walls of thickened and multi-row masonry, and therefore the cost increases and labor input, as well as increased loads on the foundations of buildings;

- relatively small overall dimensions (maximum not more than 410 mm) of the blocks, determined by weight restrictions for manual installation (not more than 25-30 kg), increase the complexity and cost of wall installation;

- high tolerances for the main overall dimensions for the blocks laid on the mortar (3-4 mm) and relatively high tolerances for the blocks of cellular concrete laid on the adhesive (1-2 mm), predetermine the construction of thickened masonry joints, together with small dimensions elements that reduce the thermal engineering uniformity of the wall and cause the need for its thickening (to ensure thermal protection standards), which leads to an increase in the complexity of installation and the cost of the wall;

- blocks of heavy and lightweight concrete and ceramics practically do not lend themselves to manual mechanical processing (sawing, gouging), and for blocks of cellular concrete with a density of about 500 kg / m ³ such processing is very time-consuming;

- the blocks do not provide for the installation of special quarters for fixing window and door elements, which causes the need for additional laborious work to cut them, and without their device the heat-shielding properties of the wall and structural stability under wind influences (suction) are impaired;

- on the end surfaces of the block, grooves and ridges are not provided for the installation of vertical stepped seams that could increase the stability and thermal engineering uniformity of the wall;

- Blocks of light and heavy concrete on lime, slag and gypsum binder and cellular concrete do not have high factory readiness, since they are not available with a protective finishing layer, for example, for painting or decorative fine-grained concrete, or with a relief pattern.

A significant disadvantage of the prototype is that for use in the outer walls of buildings, cellular concrete elements (blocks) must have a density of at least 500 kg / m ³ , because according to GOST 25485-89 for smaller grades in density, even the minimum frost resistance grade for outer walls is not guaranteed - F15. As a result of this, in order to ensure the required heat-shielding properties, the masonry of cellular concrete elements (blocks) in the external walls has an increased thickness, weight, labor intensity and installation cost.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a building element for the installation of external walls - blocks made of structurally-insulating polystyrene concrete, with improved thermal characteristics with the necessary strength and frost resistance, easy to process, with a configuration that allows you to arrange walls with increased resistance, including in areas with openings that have increased factory readiness and provide reduced labor intensity and cost of wall construction.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the wall building element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped mounted on glue is made according to GOST R51263-99 [9] with a density of 200-500 kg / m ³ with overall dimensions (length-L × thickness-B × height-N ) - (0.3-1.2) × (0.08-0.5) × (0.2-0.5) m with tolerances on the main dimensions of not more than 0.5-1.0 mm.

This technical solution provides (subject to thermal protection standards) reduced material consumption, installation complexity and the cost of 1 m ^{2 of the} outer wall of the building due to reduced material density, enlarged block sizes and masonry adhesive joints of minimum thickness with the necessary strength and frost resistance.

In this case, a wall building element made of polystyrene concrete can have one or two quarters for fixing window and door openings, as a result of which there is no need to cut them out, the heat-protective properties of the wall and its stability under wind influences (suction) are improved.

The inventive building wall element made of polystyrene concrete can have a groove on one side (end) side, and on the opposite side there is a ridge with dimensions in thickness that ensure the installation of stepped vertical seams with a thickness of not more than 2 mm, which increases the stability and thermal engineering uniformity of the wall.

At the same time, a building wall element made of polystyrene concrete can be made in the form of a monolithic solid body or with grooves (voids) through or not through, up to 20 mm thick, parallel to the facade plane of the element, that is, perpendicular to the heat flux in the wall, which increases the heat-shielding properties of the block. In this case, the grooves (voids) can be filled with a material having lower thermal conductivity than that of polystyrene concrete, for example, with Unipor filling foam plastic with a density of 20-30 kg / m ³ , which additionally increases the thermal resistance of the block, since heat losses from convective and radiant are eliminated component.

Fig. 1 shows a building wall element - a block of polystyrene concrete in the form of a monolithic solid body representing a rectangular parallelepiped.

Fig. 2 shows a variant of a polystyrene concrete wall block with one quarter - 1, and in Fig. 3 with two quarters - 1.

Fig. 3 shows a variant of a polystyrene concrete wall block with a groove - 2 and a crest - 3 on the side (end) surface.

Figure 5 shows a variant of a polystyrene concrete wall block with rectangular grooves (voids) - 4, which are parallel to the facade plane of the element and perpendicular to the heat flux in the wall.

Fig. 6 shows a variant of a polystyrene concrete wall block, in which the grooves (voids) are filled with Unipor - 5 filling foam with a density of 20-30 kg / m ³ .

Figure 7-9 shows the options for polystyrene concrete wall block of high factory readiness:

- in Fig. 7 - a variant of a polystyrene concrete wall block with a textured (facade) facing layer of fine-grained concrete (mortar), which can be made of ordinary mortar with a smooth outer surface for coloring or to be decorative (colored);

- in Figs. 8 and 9 - versions of a polystyrene concrete wall block with a relief textured layer of fine-grained concrete with vertical rusts - 7 and under the "brick" - 8.

Comparative technical and economic indicators of the proposed utility model and prototype are shown in tables 1 and 2.

As can be seen from the table. 1, the technical indicators and characteristics of the prototype are noticeably inferior to the proposed utility model, and the examples of the implemented utility model (Table 2) confirm the validity of the declared parameters in terms of overall dimensions, tolerances and density, since they have the same strength, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, labor input and cost.

Sources of information

1. RF patent 22489, 2001. Building block. Utility model.

2. RF patent 22490, 2001. Building block. Utility model.

3. GOST 6133-84. Concrete wall stones. Technical conditions

4. GOST 530-95. Brick and stones are ceramic. Technical conditions

5. GOST 7484-78. Brick and ceramic facing stones. Technical conditions

6. GOST 6428-83. Plaster plates for partitions. Technical conditions

7. GOST 21520-89. Blocks of cellular concrete wall small. Technical conditions (prototype).

8. SNiP 11-3-79 (ed. 1998). Construction heat engineering.

9. GOST R51263-99. Polystyrene concrete. Technical conditions

10. GOST 25485-89. Cellular concrete. Technical conditions

11. TU 5741-159-00284807-96 (as amended by 1-4). Solid polystyrene concrete blocks.

12. TU 5760-00284807-96 (as amended by 1-2). Polystyrene concrete insulation boards.

Table 1 Performance and Characteristics Suggested Utility Model Prototype 1. The main characteristics of the material elements (blocks): 1.1. Density, kg / m ³ 200-500 500-1200 1.2. Thermal conductivity in the dry state, 0.065-0.125 0.1-0.38 W / m ° C 2. Indicators and characteristics of elements (blocks): 2.1. Maximum overall dimensions, m: - length (L) 1,2 0.6 - thickness (B) 0.5 0.3 - height (N) 0.5 0.3 2.2. Minimum dimensional tolerances ± (0.5-1) ± (1-2) dimensions mm 2.3. Possibility of manufacturing with quarters, grooves, ridges, voids and textured layers foreseen not provided 3. Indicators of external walls based on masonry from elements (blocks): 3.1. Thickness of adhesive joints in masonry, mm 2-4 4-7 3.2. Thermal uniformity 0.85-0.92 0.7-0.8 m ² / W ° С with facade brick facing 438 745 and internal plastering, mm 3.4. The complexity of 1 m ² wall according to clause 3.3, people hour 2.9 3.8 3.5. The estimated cost of 1 m ^{2 of the} wall according to clause 3.3,% 100.0 130.9

table 2 Parameters and specifications Unit. Prototype ¹⁾ Declared Parameters Beyond elements (blocks) parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine 10 eleven 1. Overall dimensions: m - length 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,2 0.25 1,5 - width 0.3 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.25 0,07 0.65 - height 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.375 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 2. Density without finishing kg / m ³ 500 250 200 250 250 500 500 150 600 3. Dry weight kg 27 nine 4.8 1.7 23 thirty thirty 1,1 216 4. Minimum tolerances for overall dimensions mm ± (1 ÷ 2) ± (0.5 ÷ 0.8) ± (0.5 ÷ 0.7) ± (0.5 ÷ 1.0) ± (0.5 ÷ 1.0) ± (0.6 ÷ 1.0) ± (0.6 ÷ 1.0) ± (0.5 ÷ 0.9) ± (0.7 ÷ 1.5) 5. Physico-mechanical characteristics of concrete: compression ³⁾ B0.75-B1.0 M2-M3.5 M2-M3.5 B0.35-B0.5 B0.35-B0.5 B1.5-B2.5 B1.5-B2.5 M2-M2.5 B2.0-B2.5 - mark on frost resistance ³⁾ F15-F35 F25 F25 F25-F35 F25-F35 F50-F100 F50-F100 F15 F75-F100 - thermal conductivity at W / 0.23 0.09 0,075 0.09 0.09 0.155 0.155 0.06 0.20 operating conditions m (C "B" ⁴⁾ 6. Technical and economic indicators of 1 m ² masonry with thermal resistance R _k ≥3,2 m ² ° C / VT in the outer wall - thickness mm 0.75 0.3 0.24 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.21 1.3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine 10 eleven - the number of elements per pc. thickness PCS. 2,5 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 - total number of elements PCS. 14 7 10 4,5 3.3 8 8 23 2,5 - the complexity of the masonry (without preparation and application of glue) % 100.0 50,0 71,4 32.1 23.6 57.1 57.1 164.3 mechanisms required - installation cost ^ % 100.0 92.3 86.1 76.9 73,4 84,4 84,4 109,2 99,2 Notes: 1. Prototype - cellular concrete blocks according to GOST 21520-89 with a density of less than 500 kg / m ³ cannot be used in external walls, since the minimum grade for their frost resistance is not guaranteed - F15.
2. Minimum tolerances for overall dimensions are accepted: for cellular concrete elements according to GOST 21520-89 and for polystyrene concrete elements according to TU 5741-159-00284807-96 (with amendment 1-4) and TU 5760-160-00284807-96 (with amendment . 1-2).
3. Stamps for compressive strength and frost resistance of the material of the elements are adopted respectively for cellular concrete elements according to GOST 25485-89 and for polystyrene concrete elements according to GOST R 51263-99.
4. The thermal conductivity of the material of the elements is adopted for cellular concrete blocks according to SNiP P-3-79 * (ed. 1998) and for polystyrene concrete elements according to GOST R 51263-99.
5. The cost of installation, including the cost of the elements and the cost of their installation, is calculated in the norms and prices of MTSN 81-98 with recalculation on 01.01.04.

Claims (10)

1. A building wall element made of polystyrene concrete in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped mounted on glue, characterized in that it has overall dimensions (length × thickness × height) - (0.3-1.2) × (0.08-0.5 ) × (0.2-0.5) m with tolerances of 0.5-1.0 mm, the density of polystyrene concrete 200-500 kg / m ³ . 2. A building polystyrene concrete wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has one or two quarters. 3. A building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a groove on one side and a ridge on the opposite side, with dimensions in thickness that allow the installation of stepped vertical joints with a thickness of not more than 2 mm. 2. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a monolithic solid body. 5. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least 2 rows of grooves of rectangular through or not through thickness of up to 20 mm parallel to the facade surface of the element. 6. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves are filled with a material having lower thermal conductivity than polystyrene concrete. 7. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an external textured facing layer of fine-grained concrete with a thickness of at least 20 mm. 8. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 7, characterized in that the facing layer is made of ordinary fine-grained concrete with a smooth outer surface for painting. 9. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the facing layer is made of decorative fine-grained concrete. 10. The building wall element made of polystyrene concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer facade surface of the element of fine concrete has a relief pattern.