EP3186456B1 - Thermal insulating façade construction component - Google Patents

Thermal insulating façade construction component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3186456B1
EP3186456B1 EP15767356.7A EP15767356A EP3186456B1 EP 3186456 B1 EP3186456 B1 EP 3186456B1 EP 15767356 A EP15767356 A EP 15767356A EP 3186456 B1 EP3186456 B1 EP 3186456B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal insulating
vertical
gap
component
element according
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EP15767356.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3186456A1 (en
Inventor
Leopold Rolek
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a thermal insulating construction component for erection of external walls of buildings, with very high thermal insulating capability and vapour permeability.
  • External walls of buildings with reinforced concrete frame structures are most commonly filled with ceramic components, and insulating materials are then applied externally and finished with plaster.
  • a construction component is also known for the erection of walls in a framing system, which is made as a shaped element of thermal insulating material. Two walls of the thermal insulating element, forming the external and internal vertical walls, are coated with a layer of gypsum. The internal and external gypsum layers have the same thickness.
  • Such a construction component provides excellent heat transfer performance, is lightweight and is compact in size. Due to the centre of gravity being located in the axis of symmetry of the construction component, the wall being erected is in practice fully supported on the surface, i.e. a part of the building structural frame or foundation.
  • the floor area of the building is, in both solutions, reduced relative to the building outline by the thickness of the entire construction component.
  • a construction component in a form of a shaped piece of thermal insulating material according to the preamble of claim 1 in which pass-through joining holes are provided.
  • Two walls of the element, forming the vertical external and internal walls, are covered with a coat of gypsum, whereby the external to internal gypsum coat thickness ratio is approx. 1:3.
  • the centre of gravity is determined by the thickness of gypsum layers of the component. The centre of gravity is definitely shifted towards the internal gypsum layer.
  • Such a structure of the component allows erection of building walls by stacking construction elements far beyond the outline of the building frame.
  • Such components protrude outside the outline of the building structural frame, thus achieving additional floor space of a building with the same frame.
  • the increase in floor area may amount even up to several hundreds of square metres.
  • Walls built of those components are permeable to vapour and create an ideal microclimate for residents, as the wall components are provided with thermal insulating inserts with pass-through openings filled with gypsum with excellent vapour permeability and forming a monolithic unity with the walls of the inserts.
  • a drawback of the components with thermal insulating inserts and the walls built from them is shrinkage, leading to visible cracks with a width from 0.1 to 0.3 mm appearing on the façade, which, for approx. 10 hours per day, is exposed to very intense solar radiation at the times of highest temperatures.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate the causes of cracks in the façade of buildings and to further significantly improve the usability of external walls.
  • the thermal insulating façade construction component comprises a shaped element made of thermal insulating material with the internal vertical wall, facing to the building interior, and is at least partially coated with a layer of binder material bonded to the element.
  • the element has at least one horizontal hole, preferably two horizontal holes, and a vertical pass-through gap oriented towards the upper and lower wall and a closed gap directed towards the side walls, whereby the pass-through holes and the gap are filled with binder material.
  • the horizontal hole intersects with the vertical gap.
  • thermal insulating material preferably foamed polystyrene, polyurethane, glass or mineral wool is used.
  • binder material preferably gypsum is used.
  • the element made of thermal insulating material can be of any shape, allowing placement of tubes and cables or additional construction elements within them, and they may have projections for shaping any wall arrangements. Furthermore, the element is made, depending on the thermal insulating material used, with any known techniques to achieve the shape desired.
  • Building walls made of the components according to the invention do not crack on the building exterior and have great mechanical strength, heat accumulation potential and vapour permeability provided by the pass-through holes and the pass-through gap. Moreover, the presence of a layer of binder material inside the construction component increases its rigidity, and additionally, the centre of gravity and accumulation potential of the construction component is even more favourably shifted towards the building interior than in solutions known so far.
  • thermal insulation component due to the heat capacity of gypsum contained in one square metre of thermal insulating construction elements amounting to 1731 kJ/W or 0.481 kWh/W, is twice as high as that in known solutions. This fact should be of great importance in the construction industry in terms of energy saving and reduction of CO 2 emissions.
  • Fig. 1 shows the perspective of the component of the invention, in a form of a rectangular prism
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 5 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the A-A line
  • Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the B-B line
  • Fig. 7 shows the perspective of the component with a protruding projection, designed for use mostly as the tie component.
  • Fig. 1 shows the perspective of the component of the invention, in a form of a rectangular prism
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 5 shows the sectional
  • Example 8 shows the perspective of the component with the side projection 7 designed as a corner piece of the building, enabling the location of an appropriate component of the load bearing structure.
  • Example 1 The thermal insulating façade construction component is made of a shaped element 1 made of foamed polystyrene.
  • the element 1 has a form of a rectangular prism with a length greater than its height and has two horizontal pass-through holes 2 and a pass-through gap 3 oriented vertically and a closed gap oriented horizontally. Both the gap 3 and the pass-through holes 2 are filled with gypsum.
  • a vertical groove 5 for enhanced joining of the construction components by filling the vertical grooves 5 with mortar at the construction site.
  • the construction component has been made by cutting the element 1 to the desired shape and dimensions of foamed polystyrene, placing it in a mould and pouring gypsum on the back wall. Gypsum penetrated through the pass-through holes 2 to the gap 3 , filling both the gap 3 and pass-through holes 2 , and a layer of gypsum 4 is formed simultaneously.
  • Example 2 An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6 , as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • Example 3 An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6 provided with a groove 7 enabling the location of an appropriate structural component, and a part of the back walls is covered with a layer of gypsum 4, as shown in Fig. 8 .
  • Example 4. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of polyurethane.
  • Example 5 An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of mineral wool.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

  • The subject of the invention is a thermal insulating construction component for erection of external walls of buildings, with very high thermal insulating capability and vapour permeability.
  • External walls of buildings with reinforced concrete frame structures are most commonly filled with ceramic components, and insulating materials are then applied externally and finished with plaster.
  • A construction component is also known for the erection of walls in a framing system, which is made as a shaped element of thermal insulating material. Two walls of the thermal insulating element, forming the external and internal vertical walls, are coated with a layer of gypsum. The internal and external gypsum layers have the same thickness. Such a construction component provides excellent heat transfer performance, is lightweight and is compact in size. Due to the centre of gravity being located in the axis of symmetry of the construction component, the wall being erected is in practice fully supported on the surface, i.e. a part of the building structural frame or foundation.
  • The floor area of the building is, in both solutions, reduced relative to the building outline by the thickness of the entire construction component.
  • From the Polish utility model description PL 64738 , a construction component in a form of a shaped piece of thermal insulating material according to the preamble of claim 1 is known, in which pass-through joining holes are provided. Two walls of the element, forming the vertical external and internal walls, are covered with a coat of gypsum, whereby the external to internal gypsum coat thickness ratio is approx. 1:3. Due to the low weight of the thermal insulating material, the centre of gravity is determined by the thickness of gypsum layers of the component. The centre of gravity is definitely shifted towards the internal gypsum layer. Such a structure of the component, according to the design, allows erection of building walls by stacking construction elements far beyond the outline of the building frame. Such components protrude outside the outline of the building structural frame, thus achieving additional floor space of a building with the same frame. For buildings with several stories, the increase in floor area may amount even up to several hundreds of square metres. Walls built of those components are permeable to vapour and create an ideal microclimate for residents, as the wall components are provided with thermal insulating inserts with pass-through openings filled with gypsum with excellent vapour permeability and forming a monolithic unity with the walls of the inserts. A drawback of the components with thermal insulating inserts and the walls built from them is shrinkage, leading to visible cracks with a width from 0.1 to 0.3 mm appearing on the façade, which, for approx. 10 hours per day, is exposed to very intense solar radiation at the times of highest temperatures.
  • The present invention aims to eliminate the causes of cracks in the façade of buildings and to further significantly improve the usability of external walls.
  • The thermal insulating façade construction component according to the invention comprises a shaped element made of thermal insulating material with the internal vertical wall, facing to the building interior, and is at least partially coated with a layer of binder material bonded to the element. The element has at least one horizontal hole, preferably two horizontal holes, and a vertical pass-through gap oriented towards the upper and lower wall and a closed gap directed towards the side walls, whereby the pass-through holes and the gap are filled with binder material. The horizontal hole intersects with the vertical gap.
  • As the thermal insulating material, preferably foamed polystyrene, polyurethane, glass or mineral wool is used.
  • As the binder material, preferably gypsum is used.
  • On the side walls, preferably there are vertical grooves for enhanced joining of the construction components by filling the vertical grooves with mortar at the construction site.
  • The element made of thermal insulating material, and thus the entire construction component, can be of any shape, allowing placement of tubes and cables or additional construction elements within them, and they may have projections for shaping any wall arrangements. Furthermore, the element is made, depending on the thermal insulating material used, with any known techniques to achieve the shape desired.
  • Building walls made of the components according to the invention do not crack on the building exterior and have great mechanical strength, heat accumulation potential and vapour permeability provided by the pass-through holes and the pass-through gap. Moreover, the presence of a layer of binder material inside the construction component increases its rigidity, and additionally, the centre of gravity and accumulation potential of the construction component is even more favourably shifted towards the building interior than in solutions known so far.
  • In this way, cracks in the façade have been eliminated, and even more beneficial economic and environmental effects have been achieved, such as heat and moisture performance, which significantly influences the quality of health for users of such houses/flats, and the demand for energy, comparing to known solutions, has been significantly reduced. The thermal insulation component, due to the heat capacity of gypsum contained in one square metre of thermal insulating construction elements amounting to 1731 kJ/W or 0.481 kWh/W, is twice as high as that in known solutions. This fact should be of great importance in the construction industry in terms of energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions.
  • The subject of the invention is shown in the illustration, in which Fig. 1 shows the perspective of the component of the invention, in a form of a rectangular prism, Fig. 2 shows a side view of the component of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1, Fig. 5 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the A-A line, Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the B-B line, and Fig. 7 shows the perspective of the component with a protruding projection, designed for use mostly as the tie component. Fig. 8 shows the perspective of the component with the side projection 7 designed as a corner piece of the building, enabling the location of an appropriate component of the load bearing structure.
    Example 1. The thermal insulating façade construction component is made of a shaped element 1 made of foamed polystyrene. The element 1 has a form of a rectangular prism with a length greater than its height and has two horizontal pass-through holes 2 and a pass-through gap 3 oriented vertically and a closed gap oriented horizontally. Both the gap 3 and the pass-through holes 2 are filled with gypsum. On the entire internal vertical wall, within the building interior, there is a coat of gypsum 4 bonded with the element 1. On every side wall, preferably there is a vertical groove 5 for enhanced joining of the construction components by filling the vertical grooves 5 with mortar at the construction site. The construction component has been made by cutting the element 1 to the desired shape and dimensions of foamed polystyrene, placing it in a mould and pouring gypsum on the back wall. Gypsum penetrated through the pass-through holes 2 to the gap 3, filling both the gap 3 and pass-through holes 2, and a layer of gypsum 4 is formed simultaneously.
  • Components prepared is such a manner are stacked on a reinforced concrete structural frame together with other components forming the corners, joiners etc. until a wall is erected. The components are placed with the gypsum layer 4 facing the interior of the building.
    Example 2. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6, as shown in Fig. 7.
    Example 3. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6 provided with a groove 7 enabling the location of an appropriate structural component, and a part of the back walls is covered with a layer of gypsum 4, as shown in Fig. 8. Example 4. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of polyurethane.
    Example 5. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of mineral wool.

Claims (6)

  1. Thermal insulating façade construction component comprising an element (1) made of thermal insulating material having an upper and a lower wall, an inner and an outer vertical wall and vertical side walls, wherein the internal vertical wall,
    located inside the building, is at least partially coated with a layer of binder material (4) bonded to the element, and the element has at least one horizontal hole (2), characterised in that it has a vertical pass-through gap (3) oriented towards the upper and lower wall, and the gap is closed towards the side walls, whereby the at least one horizontal hole and the vertical gap are filled with binder material, and the horizontal hole (2) intersects the vertical gap (3).
  2. Element according to claim 1, characterised in that foamed polystyrene, polyurethane, glass or mineral wool is used as the thermal insulating material.
  3. Element according to claim 1, characterised in that gypsum is used as the thermal insulating material.
  4. Element according to claim 1, characterised in that on the vertical side walls, there
    are vertical grooves (5).
  5. Element according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that it has side projections (6).
  6. Element according to claim 1, characterised in that it has two horizontal holes (2).
EP15767356.7A 2014-08-29 2015-08-26 Thermal insulating façade construction component Active EP3186456B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15767356T PL3186456T3 (en) 2014-08-29 2015-08-26 Thermal insulating façade construction component

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL409324A PL409324A1 (en) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Facade heat-insulating building element
PCT/PL2015/000138 WO2016032350A1 (en) 2014-08-29 2015-08-26 Thermal insulating façade construction component

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3186456A1 EP3186456A1 (en) 2017-07-05
EP3186456B1 true EP3186456B1 (en) 2018-09-26

Family

ID=54151374

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15767356.7A Active EP3186456B1 (en) 2014-08-29 2015-08-26 Thermal insulating façade construction component

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3186456B1 (en)
PL (2) PL409324A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016032350A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK131952C (en) * 1971-07-19 1976-02-23 Bojsen Moller Paper & Trading INSULATING NON-LOADING PARTITION OR PARTITION PART AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURE OF SUCH WALLS OR WALL PARTS
DE29722566U1 (en) * 1997-12-20 1998-04-02 Brückner, Andreas, 47669 Wachtendonk Isolierplanstein
PL64738Y1 (en) 2007-12-04 2009-12-31 Leopold Rolek Building element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3186456A1 (en) 2017-07-05
PL409324A1 (en) 2016-03-14
WO2016032350A1 (en) 2016-03-03
PL3186456T3 (en) 2019-06-28

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