RU2285093C1 - Envelope wall structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly composite and cast-in-place building erection, for outer load-bearing structure heat insulation due to elimination of cold penetration through joints of reinforced concrete floor structure with load-bearing walls and/or columns.

SUBSTANCE: envelope wall structure includes end surfaces of load-bearing members arranged between cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor panels and blocks fastened one to another with concrete and arranged between floor panels. The structure also has heat insulation. The blocks project outwards with respect to end surfaces of load-bearing members for a distance of not less than 1/6 of block width. The heat insulation is arranged in depressions. Depression walls are defined in vertical direction by end projected surfaces of blocks and load-bearing members and in horizontal direction by lower and upper projected surfaces of blocks and end surfaces of reinforced concrete floor panels.

EFFECT: simplified structure and reduced costs of wall envelope structure, increased thermal properties and elimination of cold joints between floor structure and load-bearing walls.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to the technology of frame-monolithic and prefabricated frame house-building, and can be used for warming load-bearing external structures of buildings by eliminating cold bridges at the junctions of reinforced concrete floors with load-bearing elements (walls and / or columns).

The problem of increasing the level of thermal insulation of building envelopes is very significant, since heat loss through the building structures along the cold bridges accounts for up to 80% of all heat losses in buildings (see TSP 23-305-99-SarO "Energy Efficiency in Residential and Public Buildings. Standards for the Thermal Protection of Buildings" )

One of the ways to increase the level of thermal protection of buildings in frame-monolithic housing construction is the use of multilayer panels with effective insulation.

Known enclosing wall structure in the form of a multilayer wall, used in the construction of prefabricated monolithic exterior walls of residential buildings (see RF patent No. 2193635 according to CL E 04 B 1/16, publ. 11/27/2002). The design contains a facade plate, on the inner surface of which a layer of insulation is fixed using anchor elements, on which the reinforcing cage is located. As a heater, polystyrene foam 200 mm thick is used.

However, this design is expensive and requires significant labor costs in the manufacture. The thermophysical properties of this design are low due to the presence of a cold bridge at the interface between the facade plate and the wall panels. In addition, an increase in the thickness of the insulation along the entire facade of the building up to 200 mm leads to a sharp rise in the cost of the entire structure.

The task of eliminating cold bridges at the junction of the wall with the coating plate was solved in the wall structure (see RF patent No. 2190734 according to class E 04 B 1/38, publ. 10.10.2002), containing the outer, facing, wall layer, inner, continuous carrier, wall layer, middle, insulation layer of the wall, coating plate resting on the bearing layer of the wall, insulation layer laid on the coating plate. Apertures are made in the inner bearing layer of the wall so that their lower mark coincides with the vapor barrier layer of the coating laid on the slab, and the height of the openings is less than or equal to the thickness of the insulation, while the openings themselves are filled with insulation, and the width of the walls between the openings is determined by their bearing capacity for perception loads from the parapet.

However, this design is not intended for monolithic-frame and prefabricated frame housing construction.

Closest to the claimed is the enclosing wall structure (see RF patent No. 2148129, class E 04 B 2/02, publ. 04/27/2000), containing an inner layer of blocks placed between monolithic reinforced concrete floors of the floors, and the outer layer from masonry. The blocks are made of aerated concrete and interconnected by reinforcing meshes. The design contains a heater located in the openings - cold bridges in the place of interfacing of the floor slab with the wall. This design is intended for block housing construction.

However, the design does not solve the problem of effective thermal protection due to the presence of insulation only in floor slabs. In addition, the implementation of the outer layer in the form of brickwork significantly increases the cost of the entire building.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a simple and cheap building walling for frame-monolithic and prefabricated frame housing construction, which has high thermophysical properties due to the exclusion of cold bridges at the junctions of reinforced concrete floors with load-bearing elements (walls and / or columns).

To solve the problem in a wall enclosure formed by the end surfaces of the load-bearing elements located between the monolithic reinforced concrete floor floors, between which the blocks are fastened with mortar, and having insulation, according to the invention, the blocks are made protruding outward with respect to the end surfaces of the load-bearing elements at least 1/6 of the block width, and the insulation is located in niches, the walls of which are vertically formed by the protruding end surfaces locks and carrier elements, and horizontal - the upper and lower protruding surfaces of the blocks and the end faces of concrete slabs.

If the blocks are displaced outward by a distance equal to half the width of the blocks, the end surfaces of the monolithic reinforced concrete floors of the enclosing wall structure are provided with a support frame rigidly connected to them, which is a corner located parallel to the end surface of the reinforced concrete floor, the reinforcement sections are welded perpendicular to it, and the blocks are made resting on corner.

As supporting elements can be either bearing walls and columns, or only bearing columns.

Known to the authors of the sources of patent and scientific and technical documentation, cheap and easy-to-manufacture self-supporting enclosing wall structures for frame-monolithic and prefabricated frame housing construction are not described, which make it possible to increase the thermophysical properties of the building by eliminating cold bridges at the junctions of reinforced concrete floors with load-bearing walls and / or supporting columns. In this case, the problem of eliminating cold bridges was solved by displacing the blocks outside and placing the heater in niches, the walls of which are vertically formed by the protruding end surfaces of the blocks and supporting walls and / or columns, and horizontally by the lower and upper protruding surfaces of the blocks and the end surfaces of the reinforced concrete floors .

The foregoing allows us to conclude that there is a "inventive step" in the claimed design.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a general view of a walling, Fig. 2 is an embodiment of a wall with a displacement of blocks by a distance equal to half the width of the block, Fig. 3 is a section A-A and B-B of Fig. .2.

In the drawings:

1 - monolithic reinforced concrete interfloor overlap, 2 - end surface of the supporting column, 3 - end surface of the bearing monolithic wall, 4 - blocks, 5 - niche for insulation, 6 - insulation, 7 - corner, 8 - pieces of reinforcement (reinforcement outlets), 9 - a layer of bonding solution, b is the distance by which the blocks 4 are extended, and accordingly the thickness of the insulation 6, d is the width of the blocks 4, h is the depth of the cold bridges.

Enclosing wall structure is made as follows. After the monolithic-reinforced concrete frame of the building is erected, consisting of supporting structures of internal walls, columns, monolithic interfloor reinforced concrete flooring, a layer of blocks 4 is mounted, which can be either gas silicate (foam silicate) or cellular expanded clay concrete. In this case, the blocks are mounted protruding outward relative to the end surfaces of the bearing walls 3 and / or the supporting columns 2 (see Fig. 1). The displacement of the blocks is determined by calculation based on the value of the required heat engineering resistance R _{о of the} supporting structures for a specific climatic zone of the Russian Federation, consisting of heavy reinforced concrete and a layer of insulation. According to SP 23-101-2000 "Design of thermal protection of buildings", the required thermal resistance R _{o of} such structures should be at least 5.0 m ² · ° C / W for the northern climatic zone with a heating period of 10300 ° C days. The maximum distance over which the blocks can be shifted should not exceed half the width of the block (for safety reasons) (see figure 2).

As a result of the displacement of the blocks 4, niches 5 are formed, the walls of which vertically are the protruding end surfaces of the blocks 4, the end surfaces of the bearing walls 3 and / or the supporting columns 2 (see Figs. 1 and 2), and the lower and upper protruding surfaces horizontally blocks 4 and end surfaces of reinforced concrete floors 1. In niches 5, insulation 6 is placed, for example, of polyurethane foam, thereby excluding cold bridges at the junctions of reinforced concrete floors 1 with load-bearing walls 3 and / or load-bearing columns 2. Thickness of insulation 6 is determined by the distance b, by which the blocks 4 are extended, and depends on the climatic zone and the materials used.

On the outer surface of blocks 4 and insulation 6, a facade insulation and a protective layer can be applied, for example, in the form of plaster, tiles or ceramic tiles, which do not affect the thermal characteristics of the building. In this case, the thickness of the facade insulation is calculated based on the need for heat insulation for a given climatic zone and the materials used.

In the case of using gas silicate blocks with a width of d = 300 mm (see Fig. 1), extended by a value of b = 100 mm, and having a polyurethane foam insulation (thereby eliminating cold bridges) in the resulting niches with a thickness of b = 100 mm and a front insulation with thickness = 75 mm, the inner plaster and the protective layer of plaster 10 mm thick (not shown in the drawings), the thermal resistance will be 5.68 m ² · ° C / W, i.e. 0.68 units more than recommended by standards.

1/2 ширину блока и утеплителя из пеноизола b=100 мм (см. фиг.2; 3), внутренней штукатурки, фасадного утеплителя = 100 мм и облицовочного слоя из штукатурки сечением 10 мм (на чертежах не показаны), теплотехническое сопротивление в местах мостиков холода будет составлять не менее 4,0 м²·°С/Вт, что для климатического пояса Саратовской области вполне приемлемо, поскольку требуемое теплотехническое сопротивление R_о, должно быть равным 3,2 м²·°С/Вт.In the case of using blocks with a specific heat resistance of blocks higher than that of gas silicate blocks (for example, cellular blocks of expanded clay concrete), with a width of d = 200 mm, with their extension to

1/2 the width of the block and insulation made of penoizol b = 100 mm (see Fig. 2; 3), internal plaster, facade insulation = 100 mm and the facing layer of plaster with a cross section of 10 mm (not shown in the drawings), thermal resistance in places bridges of cold will be at least 4.0 m ² · ° C / W, which is quite acceptable for the climatic zone of the Saratov region, since the required heat engineering resistance R _о should be equal to 3.2 m ² · ° C / W.

The claimed constructive solution of wall fencing allows:

- completely eliminate the cold bridges in the supporting structures of buildings with the least labor and material costs;

- increase the thermal performance of the building in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II - 3 - 79 *, SP 23-101-2000 and TSP 23-305-99 - SarO;

- do not change the design and architectural solutions of the facade;

- not to reduce the strength characteristics of the supporting structures of the building;

- reduce the volumetric weight of walling;

- increase the "commercial space" throughout the building;

- not complicate the technology of the building envelope construction laid down by the project.

For example, for a 10-story residential building with a building area of 500 m ² and an apartment height of 3 m, the increase in commercial space will be 175 m ² , savings on the volume of masonry of external walls from gas-silicate blocks - up to 263 m ³ , reduction of the section of facade insulation by 40- 50%, additional insulation in niches - up to 83 m ³ .

Thus, the enclosing wall structure is easy to manufacture, cheap, has high thermal properties, providing uniform distribution of thermal resistance due to the exclusion of cold bridges at the junctions of reinforced concrete floors with load-bearing walls and / or columns.

Claims (3)

1. The enclosing wall structure formed by the end surfaces of the load-bearing elements located between the monolithic reinforced concrete floor floors, between which the blocks fastened with mortar are placed, and having insulation, characterized in that the blocks are made protruding outward with respect to the end surfaces of the load-bearing elements at a distance of at least 1 / 6 the width of the block, and the insulation is located in niches, the walls of which are vertically formed by the protruding end surfaces of the blocks and supporting elements, and along orizontali - the lower and upper protruding surfaces of the blocks and the end surfaces of reinforced concrete floors. 2. The enclosing wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surfaces of the monolithic reinforced concrete floors are provided with a support frame rigidly connected to them, which is a corner located parallel to the end surface of the reinforced concrete floor, the reinforcement sections are welded perpendicular to it, and the blocks are protruding outwardly at a distance equal to half the width of the block, and leaning on a corner. 3. The enclosing wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements are made in the form of walls and / or columns.

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