EP3788183A1 - Gasdiffusionselektrode zur kohlendioxid-verwertung, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie elektrolysezelle mit gasdiffusionselektrode - Google Patents
Gasdiffusionselektrode zur kohlendioxid-verwertung, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie elektrolysezelle mit gasdiffusionselektrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3788183A1 EP3788183A1 EP19733672.0A EP19733672A EP3788183A1 EP 3788183 A1 EP3788183 A1 EP 3788183A1 EP 19733672 A EP19733672 A EP 19733672A EP 3788183 A1 EP3788183 A1 EP 3788183A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas diffusion
- diffusion electrode
- catalyst layer
- mbar
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
- C25B11/032—Gas diffusion electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Gasdiffusionselektro de for carbon dioxide utilization and a method for the manufacture of a gas diffusion electrode.
- the invention further relates to an electrolysis system with a corresponding gas diffusion electrode.
- Natural carbon dioxide degradation takes place, for example, through photosynthesis.
- carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates in a process that is divided into many sub-steps in terms of time and on a molecular level.
- this process is not readily transferable to an industrial scale.
- a copy of the natural photosynthesis process with large-scale photo-catalysis has not yet been sufficiently efficient.
- GDE Gas diffusion electrodes
- a typical problem with gas diffusion electrodes used for CO 2 reduction in contact with an electrolyte is to avoid undesirable side reactions in the electrolyte-side area of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the gas diffusion electrode must ensure a sufficient supply of the catalytically active centers with CO2 and the respective electrolyte through gas and ion transport.
- Gas diffusion electrodes are often produced using a roll calendaring process, as is the case in
- US 2013 010 190 6 Al is disclosed.
- catalytic active metallic particles mixed with hydrophobic particles such as PTFE the resulting mixture is applied to a metallic carrier and arranged between two PTFE films before it is calendered.
- the shear force allows the PTFE to flow and a network of PTFE binds the catalytically active particles together.
- the compression force and the particle size allow the porosity and to a certain extent also the pore size to be modified.
- gas diffusion electrodes manufactured in this way tend to have the limiting pore diameter only within the gas diffusion electrode, but not on the surface.
- the pore size diameter on the electrolyte side is comparatively large compared to gas diffusion electrodes with a gas diffusion layer, so that an undesirable flooding behavior of the pore system is observed.
- gas diffusion electrodes with large pore openings or low hydrophobicity show a strong electrolyte permeation through the respective gas diffusion electrode. The permeation is controlled by the electrical field gradient, i.e. electro-osmosis. This effect is followed by an undesirable decrease in Faraday's efficiency of the gaseous products CO or ethylene.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a more efficient way of electrochemical CO 2 recycling compared to the prior art.
- the gas diffusion electrode according to the invention is used for carbon dioxide utilization and comprises a metallic carrier and an electrically conductive catalyst layer applied thereon with hydrophilic pores and / or channels and hydrophobic pores and / or channels.
- the gate layer comprises metallic particles and a first polymeric binding material, a porous gas diffusion layer containing the first polymeric binding material being formed on the surface of the catalyst layer.
- the polymer gas diffusion layer formed on the surface (the side of the catalyst layer or the gas electrode facing the electrolyte in an electrolysis cell) of the catalyst layer represents the reaction zone outside the gas diffusion electrode, which is in contact with the reactant, in particular CO2 and the electrolyte.
- the gas diffusion layer represents the limiting Po diameter for the entire gas diffusion electrode.
- the size of the metallic, catalytically active particles and the parameters in the manufacturing process of the gas diffusion electrode both the degree of hydrophobicity and the pore size of the gas diffusion layer can be controlled.
- the gas diffusion layer preferably has a porosity above 70%.
- the thickness of the gas diffusion layer is preferably in a range between 150 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the catalyst layer is preferably in a range between 5 nm and 500 nm.
- a fluoropolymer is preferably used as the first polymeric binding material.
- 3% by weight to 15% by weight of the first polymeric binding material is used.
- the use of polyvinylidene fluoride is particularly suitable here
- PVDF polyvinyl ether styrene-maleic anhydride
- This polymer allows the formation of the desired surface layer in the manufacture of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the first polymeric binder material is preferably partially embedded within the pores and / or channels of the catalyst layer.
- a hydrophobic “sub-network” is additionally formed within the pores of the catalyst layer, which increases the overall hydrophobicity of the catalyst layer and thus of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the differential pressure based on the passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion layer and the hydrostatic pressure based on the passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion layer can be influenced or set.
- the differential pressure based on the passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion layer is in a range between 20 mbar and 220 mbar, in particular in a range between 60 mbar and 200 mbar.
- the hydrostatic pressure based on the passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion layer is preferably in a range between 20 mbar and 1000 mbar, and in particular in a range between 200 mbar and 1000 mbar.
- the pore size of the catalyst layer is preferably in a range between 0.3 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
- the pore size of the catalyst layer is in a range between 2 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the metallic particles is preferably in a range between 500 nm and 5 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in a range between 2 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m
- the metallic particles are preferably at least partially coated with a second polymeric binding material. This further increases the hydrophobicity of the gas diffusion electrode.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- silver particles are preferably used as metallic particles. The use of copper particles or other catalytically active particles is also possible.
- the metallic particles used are preferably at least partially coated with the first polymeric binding material.
- the metallic carrier is preferably formed as a metallic network (or a corresponding sheet of wire).
- the material of the carrier is expediently matched to the metallic particles used.
- a silver mesh is preferably used as the metallic support.
- the gas diffusion electrode is particularly preferably manufactured by means of an extraction process. This method enables the growth of the desired thin gas diffusion layer on the surface of the catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the inventive method is used to produce a gas diffusion electrode for C0 2 ⁇ utilization.
- the method comprises the mixing of metallic particles with a first binding material with the formation of a suspension, the application of the suspension onto a metallic carrier, as well as the introduction of the metallic carrier loaded with the suspension into a precipitation bath with the formation of a
- a porous gas diffusion layer containing the first polymeric binding material forms on the surface of the catalyst layer within the precipitation bath.
- the process described above is an extraction process ("inversion casting” process, phase inversion).
- a thin gas diffusion layer can be produced on the surface of the catalyst layer, the pore diameter of which is limiting for the
- the entire gas diffusion electrode has an influence on the degree of hydrophobicity as well as the pore size of the gas diffusion layer here in the first binding material, the size of the metallic, ca talytically active particles and the parameters in the manufacturing process of the gas diffusion electrode.
- the gas diffusion electrode can be made smaller, since a larger differential pressure by the gas diffusion electrode is less sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure of the electrolyte.
- the production of the gas diffusion electrode is associated with less effort, since one process step, namely the activation of the electrode (oxidation of additional metal oxides) can be omitted.
- the metallic particles can be used directly.
- gas diffusion electrode is easier to integrate into an electrolysis system due to the lower passage of electrolyte compared to common electrodes.
- a mixture of water and isopropanol is expediently used as the precipitation bath.
- This mixture represents a so-called “non-solvent” for the polymeric binding materials and, due to diffusion, causes an exchange of solvent and non-solvent and thus a phase separation.
- the first polymeric binding material solidifies and forms the gas diffusion layer on the surface of the catalyst layer.
- the electrolytic cell according to the invention comprises a gas diffusion electrode according to one of the above-described embodiments.
- the gas diffusion electrode is preferably used here as a method.
- the electrolysis cell is expediently designed on the cathode side for reducing carbon dioxide.
- the other components of the electrolytic cell such as the anode, possibly one or more membranes, supply lines) and discharge line (s), the voltage source and further optional devices such as cooling or heating devices are fundamentally variable according to the invention.
- the anolytes and / or catholytes which are used in such an electrolytic cell.
- 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a gas diffusion electrode manufactured by means of an extraction process
- 2 shows a schematic representation of a section of a gas diffusion electrode manufactured by means of a calendaring process
- FIG 2 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 shows a further section of the gas diffusion electrode according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a gas diffusion electrode 1 produced by means of an extraction process.
- a suspension with metallic particles 3 and a first polymeric binder material 5 is applied to a metallic carrier 7 (only indicated by an arrow).
- Phase inversion immersion of the coated metallic carrier 7 in a “non” solvent
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a section of a gas diffusion electrode 21 produced by means of a calendaring process.
- the reaction of the CO2 also takes place in the electrolyte 17, which leads to undesirable side reactions.
- the gas diffusion electrode 21 has larger pores in the upper surface due to the manufacturing process, so that there is a risk of undesired flooding of the gas diffusion electrode 21.
- 3 and 4 each show corresponding sections 25, 27 of the 2-phase reactions (section 25) and the 3-phase reactions (section 27) according to FIG. 2.
- a 2-phase reaction is shown in FIG. This takes place within the electrolyte 17 and, as already described, leads to undesired by-products.
- 3 shows a 3-phase reaction in which a reaction of CO2 takes place within the gas diffusion layer 9 of the gas diffusion electrode 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018210457.3A DE102018210457A1 (de) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | Gasdiffusionselektrode zur Kohlendioxid-Verwertung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Elektrolysezelle mit Gasdiffusionselektrode |
| PCT/EP2019/064572 WO2020001944A1 (de) | 2018-06-27 | 2019-06-05 | Gasdiffusionselektrode zur kohlendioxid-verwertung, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie elektrolysezelle mit gasdiffusionselektrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3788183A1 true EP3788183A1 (de) | 2021-03-10 |
Family
ID=67070788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19733672.0A Pending EP3788183A1 (de) | 2018-06-27 | 2019-06-05 | Gasdiffusionselektrode zur kohlendioxid-verwertung, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie elektrolysezelle mit gasdiffusionselektrode |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210207276A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3788183A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018210457A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020001944A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113789538B (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 广东工业大学 | 一种带悬浮催化层的气体扩散阴极及电化学反应器 |
| CN115312788B (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-12-10 | 北京大学 | 一种常温轻压下相转化气体扩散电极及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4440617A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1984-04-03 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Non-bleeding electrode |
| US4581116A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1986-04-08 | The Dow Chemical Company | Gas diffusion composite electrode having novel hydrophilic layer |
| US4673473A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1987-06-16 | Peter G. Pa Ang | Means and method for reducing carbon dioxide to a product |
| US5998058A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-12-07 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Porous support layer for an electrochemical cell |
| US20040121122A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-24 | Graftech, Inc. | Carbonaceous coatings on flexible graphite materials |
| US8241818B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2012-08-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Diffusion media with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties |
| DE102005023615A1 (de) * | 2005-05-21 | 2006-11-23 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden |
| WO2007078771A2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-07-12 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Fuel cell gas diffusion articles |
| WO2012001061A1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-05 | Vito Nv | Gas diffusion electrode, method of producing same, membrane electrode assembly comprising same and method of producing membrane electrode assembly comprising same |
| JP6049633B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2016-12-21 | パルマスカンド アクチボラグ | ガス拡散電極 |
| DE102013207900A1 (de) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit und Brennstoffzelle mit einer solchen |
| DE102014204372A1 (de) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-17 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch aktiven Pulvern aus metallischem Silber oder aus Mischungen aus von metallischem Silber mit Silberoxid zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden |
| DE102015215309A1 (de) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Präparationstechnik von kohlenwasserstoffselektiven Gasdiffusionselektroden basierend auf Cu-haltigen-Katalysatoren |
| US11613819B2 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2023-03-28 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Catalysts with sharp reaction interface for electrochemical CO2 reduction with enhanced selectivity |
| EP3418429A1 (de) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-26 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Gasdiffusionselektrode zur reduktion von kohlendioxid |
-
2018
- 2018-06-27 DE DE102018210457.3A patent/DE102018210457A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 EP EP19733672.0A patent/EP3788183A1/de active Pending
- 2019-06-05 US US17/251,785 patent/US20210207276A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-05 WO PCT/EP2019/064572 patent/WO2020001944A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020001944A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
| DE102018210457A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
| US20210207276A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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