EP3783263B1 - Four à pyrolyse - Google Patents

Four à pyrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3783263B1
EP3783263B1 EP20190832.4A EP20190832A EP3783263B1 EP 3783263 B1 EP3783263 B1 EP 3783263B1 EP 20190832 A EP20190832 A EP 20190832A EP 3783263 B1 EP3783263 B1 EP 3783263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
pyrolysis furnace
housing
air
flame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20190832.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3783263A1 (fr
Inventor
Marius Bierig
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/20—Ranges
    • F24B1/202—Ranges specially adapted for travelling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B3/00—Combustion apparatus which is portable or removable with respect to the boiler or other apparatus which is heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pyrolysis oven, in particular a small pyrolysis oven, for producing coal from a biogenic (fossil) fuel, which is used as a cooking area during the pyrolysis process.
  • a pyrolysis oven in particular a small pyrolysis oven, for producing coal from a biogenic (fossil) fuel, which is used as a cooking area during the pyrolysis process.
  • the world's most widely used cooking area is the firewood-fired 3-stone cooking area, in which the cooking vessel is heated on three stones over an open flame. Toxic smoke gases are produced when cooking with the 3-stone hob, which poses a serious health risk to the user. The open fire also poses a high risk of burns.
  • Small pyrolysis ovens also known as "gasifiers" represent an efficient alternative to the conventional 3-stone cooking zone. In addition to improved efficiency, they are characterized in particular by almost smoke-free combustion, e.g. by a chimney system through which smoke gases are discharged, which means that less have a detrimental effect on the user. Pyrolysis furnaces produce a wood gas from a fuel, for example wood, by adding primary air, which mixes with secondary air and burns almost smoke-free. During this so-called wood gasification phase, the fuel becomes charcoal. Heat is also generated, which can be used for cooking, for example. The charcoal can be taken out and reused, for example as fuel or as an admixture for the production of a natural fertilizer (natural fertilizer).
  • a natural fertilizer natural fertilizer
  • small pyrolysis ovens are made of metal and/or ceramics and have separate ducts for primary air and secondary air.
  • the production of such small pyrolysis ovens is complex and requires special knowledge and experience.
  • Such stoves are not producible and affordable for many households in developing countries.
  • a pyrolysis furnace with forced air supply by means of a blower is known, in which primary and tertiary air is supplied centrally and axially to the annular combustion chamber. Secondary air is supplied from outside the combustion ring at its upper end.
  • a similar pyrolysis furnace is from WO 2010/052667 known.
  • the present invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace having a lower element, a middle element and an upper element.
  • the bottom member includes at least one spacer configured to create a spacing between the bottom member and the middle member.
  • the middle element has an opening on its underside and on its upper side.
  • the middle element has a combustion chamber and a flame concentrator.
  • the combustion chamber has a support for a fuel. Furthermore, the combustion chamber has an adjustable inlet connection for primary air below the support.
  • the combustion chamber is open at its top and has at least one intake port at an upper part of its side surface.
  • the combustion chamber is positioned substantially within the flame concentrator, and the flame concentrator at least partially covers the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the flame concentrator has an opening whose cross section is smaller than the cross section of the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the top member has at least one opening.
  • the combustor is supported by the bottom member and/or the middle member.
  • the lower element and/or the middle element and/or the upper element is made of a natural material, for example reinforced clay, or concrete.
  • the combustion chamber and flame concentrator are made of metal. Locally available metals, for example from recycled sheet metal, are particularly preferred.
  • the pyrolysis furnace preferably has an efficiency ring.
  • the efficiency ring is preferably made of metal.
  • the efficiency ring preferably has a size adjustment mechanism.
  • the efficiency ring preferably has a sight hole.
  • the pyrolysis oven preferably has at least one holder which is designed to support a cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the heat source can be set by changing its position relative to the cooking vessel.
  • the preferably modular pyrolysis oven 1000 has a housing 1, 2, 3, with at least one first air inlet for primary air 100 (solid line) and at least one second air inlet 11 for secondary air 200 (dashed line) and tertiary air 300 ( dotted line) at the bottom of the case. Furthermore, the housing 1 , 2 , 3 has a combustion gas outlet 8 its upper end.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 encloses an upwardly opening combustion chamber 4 with an adjustable air inlet 7 communicating with the first air inlet of the housing and a flame concentrator 5 surrounding the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the air inlet 7 of the combustion chamber 4 is preferably formed by an inlet port.
  • the inlet connector preferably extends radially, ie perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4, so that the opening of the inlet connector penetrates at least one side wall of the housing 1, 2, 3 or protrudes beyond it.
  • the flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side, the cross section of which is smaller than the cross section of the upper opening of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • a gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 is led to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 preferably have a cylindrical shape.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is particularly preferably arranged coaxially with the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5.
  • the cross section of the housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 is preferably circular, elliptical, rectangular or square.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete.
  • the housing is particularly preferably made of reinforced clay or concrete.
  • the pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has an efficiency ring 9 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 2 ) on.
  • the efficiency ring 9 is preferably made of a locally available material, for example recycled sheet metal.
  • the efficiency ring 9 preferably has a size adjustment mechanism, by means of which its circumference can be adapted to the circumference of a cooking vessel.
  • the cooking vessel not shown, can be positioned on an upper side of the housing 1, 2, 3.
  • the efficiency ring 9 preferably has an opening 91 through which the user Combustion process can be observed without the pyrolysis furnace 1000 having to be opened for this purpose.
  • the pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has at least one holder 10 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 3 ) which is designed to place the cooking vessel on it and create a distance between the top of the housing 1, 2, 3 and the cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder 10 facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3 can be set by changing its position. Particularly preferably, the holder 10 can consist of several parts that can be moved relative to one another.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably of modular design, with a lower element 1, a middle element 2 and an upper element 3.
  • the lower element 1 preferably has at least one spacer 15 which is designed to be positioned between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2 to create a distance so that a second air inlet 11 is formed. Secondary air 200 and tertiary air 300 flow through this air inlet 11 into the interior of the middle element 2 .
  • the upper element 3 has the combustion gas outlet 8 .
  • the middle element 2 has at least one opening on its underside and on its upper side.
  • the central element 2 is cylindrical or conical.
  • the middle element 2 encloses the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5.
  • the combustion chamber 4 preferably has a support 6 for fuel.
  • the combustion chamber 4 has an air inlet 7 for primary air 100 below the support 6 .
  • the air inlet 7 preferably extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4 in a radial direction, with at least the opening of the air inlet 7 penetrating the outer wall of the housing 1 , 2 , 3 .
  • the air inlet 7 particularly preferably extends radially into the distance formed by the spacer 15 between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2.
  • the combustion chamber 4 has at least one inlet opening 41 through which secondary air 200, which flows through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2, is conducted into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is surrounded by the flame concentrator 5 in an upper area, and the flame concentrator 5 at least partially covers the upper side of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • the flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side.
  • the opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 has a smaller cross section than the cross section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is supported by the lower member 1 and/or the middle member 2.
  • the lower element 1 and/or the middle element 2 and/or the upper element 3 is made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete.
  • the natural material is particularly preferably reinforced.
  • the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 are preferably made of a locally available material. Most preferably, the combustion chamber 4 and flame concentrator are made of locally available metal, such as recycled sheet metal.
  • a gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 flowing through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2 is directed to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • the combustion process of the fuel takes place via the supply of primary air 100 into the combustion chamber 4 through the adjustable air inlet 7.
  • the fire is started in the upper area of the combustion chamber and the wood gas production then increases continuously to in the lower area of the combustion chamber (top to down concept) to the support of the fuel chamber and produces the charcoal in this combustion phase.
  • the cross-section of the air inlet 7 is reduced (closed) by a metal slide in order to avoid that the fuel burns completely due to too much (continuous supply of) primary air 100 .
  • the fuel is carbonized more effectively.
  • combustion gas In the course of the carbonization of the fuel, combustion gas is produced, which rises into the upper part of the combustion chamber 4 . Due to the smaller cross-section of the upper opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 relative to the cross-section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4, the combustion gas does not leave the combustion chamber 4 unhindered but is concentrated at the upper end of the combustion chamber 4. Secondary air 200 is added to the hot combustion gas through the inlet openings 41 in the upper region of the combustion chamber 4 and the combustion gas also burns.
  • the combustion gas continues to rise through the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 towards the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3. After the combustion gas has passed the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5, it mixes in the gap 25 with tertiary air 300 passing through the air inlet 11 into the housing 1, 2, 3 to the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5. The supply of tertiary air 300 burns further, previously unburned portions of the combustion gas flowing out of the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5 .
  • the heat generated is used to heat a cooking vessel located above the combustion gas outlet 8 .
  • secondary air 200 and later tertiary air 300 are supplied to the combustion of the wood gas. This creates an afterburning effect, which improves the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven and reduces smoke formation.
  • the energy used for cooking is directed to the cooking vessel, which is also advantageous for the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven.
  • the production costs of the pyrolysis oven according to the invention are many times lower compared to conventional small pyrolysis ovens, since cheap, locally occurring materials are used, such as clay, concrete or recycled metal.
  • the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention can be manufactured regionally, creating jobs at the regional/village level.
  • the pyrolysis furnace can be easily and inexpensively repaired and allows for easy, inexpensive on-site maintenance. This creates closed economic cycles in poor, rural regions, which is also advantageous for the residents there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Four à pyrolyse (1000), comprenant :
    (a) une enceinte (1, 2, 3)
    (a1) avec au moins une première entrée d'air pour de l'air primaire (100) et au moins une deuxième entrée d'air (11) pour de l'air secondaire (200) et de l'air tertiaire (300) dans la partie inférieure de l'enceinte, et
    (a2) une sortie de gaz de combustion (8) à l'extrémité supérieure de l'enceinte,
    (b) une chambre de combustion (4) ouverte en haut, disposée dans l'enceinte (1, 2, 3), avec une entrée d'air (7) ménagée dans la partie inférieure de la chambre de combustion (4), laquelle est en communication avec la première entrée d'air de l'enceinte, et
    (c) un concentrateur de flammes (5) entourant une partie supérieure de la chambre de combustion (4) et présentant une ouverture supérieure (51) dont la section transversale est inférieure à la section transversale de l'ouverture supérieure de la chambre de combustion (4),
    (d) où, entre la paroi extérieure de la chambre de combustion (4) et la paroi intérieure du concentrateur de flammes (5), il est prévu un interstice (24) pour l'introduction de l'air secondaire (200) vers des ouvertures d'admission (41) de la partie supérieure de la chambre de combustion (4),
    (e) où, entre la paroi extérieure du concentrateur de flammes (5) et la paroi intérieure de l'enceinte (1, 2, 3), il est prévu un interstice (25) pour l'introduction de l'air tertiaire (300) dans la région de l'ouverture supérieure (51) du concentrateur de flammes (5), et
    (f) où la chambre de combustion (4) et le concentrateur de flammes (5) sont réalisés en métal.
  2. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 1, où l'enceinte (1, 2, 3) et/ou la chambre de combustion (4) et/ou le concentrateur de flammes (5) sont de forme cylindrique.
  3. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 2, où l'enceinte (1, 2, 3) est coaxiale à la chambre de combustion (4) et/ou au concentrateur de flammes (5).
  4. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, où l'enceinte (1, 2, 3) est réalisée en glaise armée ou en béton armé.
  5. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, où l'enceinte (1, 2, 3) est de conception modulaire avec un élément inférieur (1), un élément central (2) et un élément supérieur (3).
  6. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 5, où la chambre de combustion (4) est soutenue par l'élément inférieur (1) et/ou l'élément central (2).
  7. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant un anneau d'efficacité (9).
  8. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 7, où l'anneau d'efficacité (9) comprend un mécanisme de réglage de dimension.
  9. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 8, où l'anneau d'efficacité (9) présente une ouverture (91) sur une paroi latérale.
  10. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant au moins un support (10) destiné à soutenir un récipient de cuisson.
  11. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 10, où un côté du support (10) orienté vers le récipient de cuisson est incliné.
  12. Four à pyrolyse (1000) selon la revendication 10 ou la revendication 11, où le support (10) est constitué de plusieurs pièces mobiles les unes par rapport aux autres.
EP20190832.4A 2019-08-22 2020-08-13 Four à pyrolyse Active EP3783263B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202019003485.4U DE202019003485U1 (de) 2019-08-22 2019-08-22 Pyrolyseofen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3783263A1 EP3783263A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
EP3783263B1 true EP3783263B1 (fr) 2022-12-14

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ID=67992052

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20190832.4A Active EP3783263B1 (fr) 2019-08-22 2020-08-13 Four à pyrolyse

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EP (1) EP3783263B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202019003485U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100019742A1 (it) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-23 Tibb Immobiliare S R L Riscaldatore pirolitico con camera di combustione migliorata

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5842463A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-12-01 Hall; John Battaile Portable wood burning camp stove
ITTO20080823A1 (it) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-08 Nathaniel Mulcahy Dispositivo e procedimento di gassificazione e/o pirolisi, o vaporizzazione di un materiale combustibile
WO2016075646A1 (fr) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-19 Lello David Roydon Four de réacteur de gazéification

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3783263A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
DE202019003485U1 (de) 2019-09-02

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