EP3783263B1 - Pyrolysis furnace - Google Patents

Pyrolysis furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3783263B1
EP3783263B1 EP20190832.4A EP20190832A EP3783263B1 EP 3783263 B1 EP3783263 B1 EP 3783263B1 EP 20190832 A EP20190832 A EP 20190832A EP 3783263 B1 EP3783263 B1 EP 3783263B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
pyrolysis furnace
housing
air
flame
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EP20190832.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3783263A1 (en
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Marius Bierig
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/20—Ranges
    • F24B1/202—Ranges specially adapted for travelling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B3/00—Combustion apparatus which is portable or removable with respect to the boiler or other apparatus which is heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pyrolysis oven, in particular a small pyrolysis oven, for producing coal from a biogenic (fossil) fuel, which is used as a cooking area during the pyrolysis process.
  • a pyrolysis oven in particular a small pyrolysis oven, for producing coal from a biogenic (fossil) fuel, which is used as a cooking area during the pyrolysis process.
  • the world's most widely used cooking area is the firewood-fired 3-stone cooking area, in which the cooking vessel is heated on three stones over an open flame. Toxic smoke gases are produced when cooking with the 3-stone hob, which poses a serious health risk to the user. The open fire also poses a high risk of burns.
  • Small pyrolysis ovens also known as "gasifiers" represent an efficient alternative to the conventional 3-stone cooking zone. In addition to improved efficiency, they are characterized in particular by almost smoke-free combustion, e.g. by a chimney system through which smoke gases are discharged, which means that less have a detrimental effect on the user. Pyrolysis furnaces produce a wood gas from a fuel, for example wood, by adding primary air, which mixes with secondary air and burns almost smoke-free. During this so-called wood gasification phase, the fuel becomes charcoal. Heat is also generated, which can be used for cooking, for example. The charcoal can be taken out and reused, for example as fuel or as an admixture for the production of a natural fertilizer (natural fertilizer).
  • a natural fertilizer natural fertilizer
  • small pyrolysis ovens are made of metal and/or ceramics and have separate ducts for primary air and secondary air.
  • the production of such small pyrolysis ovens is complex and requires special knowledge and experience.
  • Such stoves are not producible and affordable for many households in developing countries.
  • a pyrolysis furnace with forced air supply by means of a blower is known, in which primary and tertiary air is supplied centrally and axially to the annular combustion chamber. Secondary air is supplied from outside the combustion ring at its upper end.
  • a similar pyrolysis furnace is from WO 2010/052667 known.
  • the present invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace having a lower element, a middle element and an upper element.
  • the bottom member includes at least one spacer configured to create a spacing between the bottom member and the middle member.
  • the middle element has an opening on its underside and on its upper side.
  • the middle element has a combustion chamber and a flame concentrator.
  • the combustion chamber has a support for a fuel. Furthermore, the combustion chamber has an adjustable inlet connection for primary air below the support.
  • the combustion chamber is open at its top and has at least one intake port at an upper part of its side surface.
  • the combustion chamber is positioned substantially within the flame concentrator, and the flame concentrator at least partially covers the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the flame concentrator has an opening whose cross section is smaller than the cross section of the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the top member has at least one opening.
  • the combustor is supported by the bottom member and/or the middle member.
  • the lower element and/or the middle element and/or the upper element is made of a natural material, for example reinforced clay, or concrete.
  • the combustion chamber and flame concentrator are made of metal. Locally available metals, for example from recycled sheet metal, are particularly preferred.
  • the pyrolysis furnace preferably has an efficiency ring.
  • the efficiency ring is preferably made of metal.
  • the efficiency ring preferably has a size adjustment mechanism.
  • the efficiency ring preferably has a sight hole.
  • the pyrolysis oven preferably has at least one holder which is designed to support a cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the heat source can be set by changing its position relative to the cooking vessel.
  • the preferably modular pyrolysis oven 1000 has a housing 1, 2, 3, with at least one first air inlet for primary air 100 (solid line) and at least one second air inlet 11 for secondary air 200 (dashed line) and tertiary air 300 ( dotted line) at the bottom of the case. Furthermore, the housing 1 , 2 , 3 has a combustion gas outlet 8 its upper end.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 encloses an upwardly opening combustion chamber 4 with an adjustable air inlet 7 communicating with the first air inlet of the housing and a flame concentrator 5 surrounding the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the air inlet 7 of the combustion chamber 4 is preferably formed by an inlet port.
  • the inlet connector preferably extends radially, ie perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4, so that the opening of the inlet connector penetrates at least one side wall of the housing 1, 2, 3 or protrudes beyond it.
  • the flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side, the cross section of which is smaller than the cross section of the upper opening of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • a gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 is led to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 preferably have a cylindrical shape.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is particularly preferably arranged coaxially with the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5.
  • the cross section of the housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 is preferably circular, elliptical, rectangular or square.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete.
  • the housing is particularly preferably made of reinforced clay or concrete.
  • the pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has an efficiency ring 9 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 2 ) on.
  • the efficiency ring 9 is preferably made of a locally available material, for example recycled sheet metal.
  • the efficiency ring 9 preferably has a size adjustment mechanism, by means of which its circumference can be adapted to the circumference of a cooking vessel.
  • the cooking vessel not shown, can be positioned on an upper side of the housing 1, 2, 3.
  • the efficiency ring 9 preferably has an opening 91 through which the user Combustion process can be observed without the pyrolysis furnace 1000 having to be opened for this purpose.
  • the pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has at least one holder 10 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 3 ) which is designed to place the cooking vessel on it and create a distance between the top of the housing 1, 2, 3 and the cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder 10 facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3 can be set by changing its position. Particularly preferably, the holder 10 can consist of several parts that can be moved relative to one another.
  • the housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably of modular design, with a lower element 1, a middle element 2 and an upper element 3.
  • the lower element 1 preferably has at least one spacer 15 which is designed to be positioned between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2 to create a distance so that a second air inlet 11 is formed. Secondary air 200 and tertiary air 300 flow through this air inlet 11 into the interior of the middle element 2 .
  • the upper element 3 has the combustion gas outlet 8 .
  • the middle element 2 has at least one opening on its underside and on its upper side.
  • the central element 2 is cylindrical or conical.
  • the middle element 2 encloses the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5.
  • the combustion chamber 4 preferably has a support 6 for fuel.
  • the combustion chamber 4 has an air inlet 7 for primary air 100 below the support 6 .
  • the air inlet 7 preferably extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4 in a radial direction, with at least the opening of the air inlet 7 penetrating the outer wall of the housing 1 , 2 , 3 .
  • the air inlet 7 particularly preferably extends radially into the distance formed by the spacer 15 between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2.
  • the combustion chamber 4 has at least one inlet opening 41 through which secondary air 200, which flows through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2, is conducted into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is surrounded by the flame concentrator 5 in an upper area, and the flame concentrator 5 at least partially covers the upper side of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • the flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side.
  • the opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 has a smaller cross section than the cross section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is supported by the lower member 1 and/or the middle member 2.
  • the lower element 1 and/or the middle element 2 and/or the upper element 3 is made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete.
  • the natural material is particularly preferably reinforced.
  • the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 are preferably made of a locally available material. Most preferably, the combustion chamber 4 and flame concentrator are made of locally available metal, such as recycled sheet metal.
  • a gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 flowing through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2 is directed to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4 .
  • the combustion process of the fuel takes place via the supply of primary air 100 into the combustion chamber 4 through the adjustable air inlet 7.
  • the fire is started in the upper area of the combustion chamber and the wood gas production then increases continuously to in the lower area of the combustion chamber (top to down concept) to the support of the fuel chamber and produces the charcoal in this combustion phase.
  • the cross-section of the air inlet 7 is reduced (closed) by a metal slide in order to avoid that the fuel burns completely due to too much (continuous supply of) primary air 100 .
  • the fuel is carbonized more effectively.
  • combustion gas In the course of the carbonization of the fuel, combustion gas is produced, which rises into the upper part of the combustion chamber 4 . Due to the smaller cross-section of the upper opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 relative to the cross-section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4, the combustion gas does not leave the combustion chamber 4 unhindered but is concentrated at the upper end of the combustion chamber 4. Secondary air 200 is added to the hot combustion gas through the inlet openings 41 in the upper region of the combustion chamber 4 and the combustion gas also burns.
  • the combustion gas continues to rise through the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 towards the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3. After the combustion gas has passed the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5, it mixes in the gap 25 with tertiary air 300 passing through the air inlet 11 into the housing 1, 2, 3 to the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5. The supply of tertiary air 300 burns further, previously unburned portions of the combustion gas flowing out of the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5 .
  • the heat generated is used to heat a cooking vessel located above the combustion gas outlet 8 .
  • secondary air 200 and later tertiary air 300 are supplied to the combustion of the wood gas. This creates an afterburning effect, which improves the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven and reduces smoke formation.
  • the energy used for cooking is directed to the cooking vessel, which is also advantageous for the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven.
  • the production costs of the pyrolysis oven according to the invention are many times lower compared to conventional small pyrolysis ovens, since cheap, locally occurring materials are used, such as clay, concrete or recycled metal.
  • the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention can be manufactured regionally, creating jobs at the regional/village level.
  • the pyrolysis furnace can be easily and inexpensively repaired and allows for easy, inexpensive on-site maintenance. This creates closed economic cycles in poor, rural regions, which is also advantageous for the residents there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Pyrolyseofen, insbesondere einen Kleinpyrolyseofen, zum Herstellen von Kohle aus einem biogenen (fossilen) Brennstoff, der während des Pyrolysevorgangs als Kochstelle genutzt wird.The present invention relates to a pyrolysis oven, in particular a small pyrolysis oven, for producing coal from a biogenic (fossil) fuel, which is used as a cooking area during the pyrolysis process.

Die weltweit meistgenutzte Kochstelle ist die mit Brennholz betriebene 3-Steine-Kochstelle, bei der das Kochgefäß auf drei Steinen über einer offenen Flamme erhitzt wird. Beim Kochen mit der 3-Steine-Kochstelle entstehen toxische Rauchgase, die für die Benutzer eine starke gesundheitliche Belastung darstellen. Durch das offene Feuer besteht auch eine hohe Verbrennungsgefahr.The world's most widely used cooking area is the firewood-fired 3-stone cooking area, in which the cooking vessel is heated on three stones over an open flame. Toxic smoke gases are produced when cooking with the 3-stone hob, which poses a serious health risk to the user. The open fire also poses a high risk of burns.

Darüber hinaus ist der Wirkungsgrad der 3-Steine-Kochstelle gering, was zu einem hohen Brennstoffeinsatz führt. Somit werden natürliche Ressourcen wie Forst-und Buschflächen in den entsprechenden Gebieten stark reduziert. Dies wiederrum führt zu einer Reduzierung von fruchtbaren Böden, wodurch sich die Ernährungssituation vieler Menschen in den entsprechenden Regionen verschlechtert.In addition, the efficiency of the 3-stone hob is low, which leads to high fuel consumption. Thus, natural resources such as forest and bush areas are greatly reduced in the corresponding areas. This in turn leads to a reduction in fertile soil, which worsens the nutritional situation of many people in the relevant regions.

Kleinpyrolyseöfen, auch "Gasifier" genannt, stellen eine effiziente Alternative zur herkömmlichen 3-Steine-Kochstelle dar. Neben einem verbesserten Wirkungsgrad zeichnen sie sich insbesondere durch eine fast rauchfreie Verbrennung aus, z.B. durch ein Kaminsystem, durch das Rauchgase abgeführt werden, wodurch sie weniger schädlichen Einfluss auf den Benutzer nehmen. Pyrolyseöfen erzeugen aus einem Brennmaterial, beispielsweise Holz, unter Zugabe von Primärluft ein Holzgas, welches sich mit Sekundärluft vermischt und nahezu rauchfrei verbrennt. Während dieser sogenannten Holzvergasungsphase entsteht aus dem Brennmaterial Holzkohle. Weiterhin entsteht Wärme, die beispielsweise zum Kochen genutzt werden kann. Die Holzkohle kann entnommen und erneut genutzt werden, beispielsweise als Brennmaterial oder als Beimengung für die Herstellung eines natürlichen Düngers (natürlicher Dünger).Small pyrolysis ovens, also known as "gasifiers", represent an efficient alternative to the conventional 3-stone cooking zone. In addition to improved efficiency, they are characterized in particular by almost smoke-free combustion, e.g. by a chimney system through which smoke gases are discharged, which means that less have a detrimental effect on the user. Pyrolysis furnaces produce a wood gas from a fuel, for example wood, by adding primary air, which mixes with secondary air and burns almost smoke-free. During this so-called wood gasification phase, the fuel becomes charcoal. Heat is also generated, which can be used for cooking, for example. The charcoal can be taken out and reused, for example as fuel or as an admixture for the production of a natural fertilizer (natural fertilizer).

In der Regel sind Kleinpyrolyseöfen aus Metall und/oder Keramik gefertigt und weisen getrennte Führungen für Primärluft und Sekundärluft auf. Die Produktion von derartigen Kleinpyrolyseöfen ist jedoch aufwändig und erfordert spezielle Kenntnisse und Erfahrung. Somit sind solche Öfen für viele Haushalte in Entwicklungsländern nicht herstellbar und bezahlbar. Aus der WO 2016/075646 A1 ist ein Pyrolyseofen mit Zwangsluftzufuhr mittels Gebläse bekannt, bei dem Primär- und Tertiärluft zentral und axial der ringförmigen Brennkammer zugeführt wird. Sekundärluft wird von außerhalb des Brennkammerrings an deren oberem Ende zugeführt. Ein ähnlicher Pyrolyseofen ist aus der WO 2010/052667 bekannt.As a rule, small pyrolysis ovens are made of metal and/or ceramics and have separate ducts for primary air and secondary air. However, the production of such small pyrolysis ovens is complex and requires special knowledge and experience. Thus, such stoves are not producible and affordable for many households in developing countries. From the WO 2016/075646 A1 a pyrolysis furnace with forced air supply by means of a blower is known, in which primary and tertiary air is supplied centrally and axially to the annular combustion chamber. Secondary air is supplied from outside the combustion ring at its upper end. A similar pyrolysis furnace is from WO 2010/052667 known.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Pyrolyseofen mit verringerter Komplexität bereitzustellen, der sich auf einfache Weise auf Dorfebene mit den örtlich vorhandenen Materialien und Arbeitskräften herstellen, warten und reparieren lässt. Weiterhin wird ein Pyrolyseofen bereitgestellt, der es ermöglicht, die Wärmeenergie, die bei der Holzvergasung entsteht, direkt und effizient zu nutzen.It is an object of the present invention to provide a pyrolysis furnace of reduced complexity that can be easily manufactured, maintained and repaired at a village level using locally available materials and manpower. Furthermore, a pyrolysis furnace is provided, which makes it possible to use the thermal energy generated during wood gasification directly and efficiently.

Die Aufgabe wird durch den unabhängigen Patentanspruch gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche beziehen sich auf weitere Aspekte der Erfindung.The object is solved by the independent patent claim. The dependent claims relate to further aspects of the invention.

Gemäß einem Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen Pyrolyseofen mit einem unteren Element, einem mittleren Element und einem oberen Element. Das untere Element weist mindestens einen Abstandshalter auf, der ausgestaltet ist, um zwischen dem unteren Element und dem mittleren Element einen Abstand zu erzeugen. Das mittlere Element weist an seiner Unterseite und an seiner Oberseite eine Öffnung auf. Das mittlere Element weist eine Brennkammer und einen Flammenkonzentrator auf. Die Brennkammer weist ein Auflager für einen Brennstoff auf. Weiterhin weist die Brennkammer unterhalb des Auflagers einen regelbaren Einlassstutzen für Primärluft auf. Die Brennkammer ist an ihrer Oberseite offen und weist an einem oberen Teil ihrer Seitenfläche mindestens eine Einlassöffnung auf.According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace having a lower element, a middle element and an upper element. The bottom member includes at least one spacer configured to create a spacing between the bottom member and the middle member. The middle element has an opening on its underside and on its upper side. The middle element has a combustion chamber and a flame concentrator. The combustion chamber has a support for a fuel. Furthermore, the combustion chamber has an adjustable inlet connection for primary air below the support. The combustion chamber is open at its top and has at least one intake port at an upper part of its side surface.

Die Brennkammer ist im Wesentlichen innerhalb des Flammenkonzentrators angeordnet und der Flammenkonzentrator bedeckt die Oberseite der Brennkammer zumindest teilweise. An seiner Oberseite weist der Flammenkonzentrator eine Öffnung auf, deren Querschnitt kleiner als der Querschnitt der Oberseite der Brennkammer ist. Zwischen der äußeren Seitenfläche der Brennkammer und der inneren Seitenfläche des Flammenkonzentrators besteht ein Spalt, der ausgebildet ist, um Sekundärluft zu den Einlassöffnungen der Brennkammer zu führen. Weiterhin besteht zwischen der äußeren Seitenfläche des Flammenkonzentrators und der inneren Seitenfläche des mittleren Elements ein Spalt, der ausgebildet ist, um Tertiärluft zu der Öffnung des Flammenkonzentrators zu führen. Das obere Element weist mindestens eine Öffnung auf. Vorzugsweise wird die Brennkammer durch das untere Element und/oder das mittlere Element gestützt.The combustion chamber is positioned substantially within the flame concentrator, and the flame concentrator at least partially covers the top of the combustion chamber. At its top, the flame concentrator has an opening whose cross section is smaller than the cross section of the top of the combustion chamber. There is a gap between the outer side surface of the combustion chamber and the inner side surface of the flame concentrator, which is designed to guide secondary air to the inlet openings of the combustion chamber. Furthermore, there is a gap between the outer side surface of the flame concentrator and the inner side surface of the center member, which is formed to guide tertiary air to the opening of the flame concentrator. The top member has at least one opening. Preferably, the combustor is supported by the bottom member and/or the middle member.

Vorzugsweise wird das untere Element und/oder das mittlere Element und/oder das obere Element aus einem natürlichen Material gefertigt, beispielsweise aus einem armierten Lehm, oder aus Beton. Die Brennkammer und der Flammenkonzentrator sind aus Metall gefertigt. Besonders bevorzugt sind lokal verfügbare Metalle, beispielsweise aus recyceltem(s) Blech.Preferably, the lower element and/or the middle element and/or the upper element is made of a natural material, for example reinforced clay, or concrete. The combustion chamber and flame concentrator are made of metal. Locally available metals, for example from recycled sheet metal, are particularly preferred.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung weist der Pyrolyseofen vorzugsweise einen Effizienzring auf. Vorzugsweise besteht der Effizienzring aus Metall. Der Effizienzring weist vorzugsweise einen Mechanismus zur Größenanpassung auf. Weiterhin weist der Effizienzring vorzugsweise ein Sichtloch auf.According to a further aspect of the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace preferably has an efficiency ring. The efficiency ring is preferably made of metal. The efficiency ring preferably has a size adjustment mechanism. Furthermore, the efficiency ring preferably has a sight hole.

Vorzugsweise weist der Pyrolyseofen mindestens einen Halter auf, der ausgebildet ist um ein Kochgefäß zu stützen. Weiterhin vorzugsweise ist die dem Kochgefäß zugewandte Seite des Halters schräg, sodass sich durch Veränderungen seiner Position zu dem Kochgefäß verschiedene Abstände des Kochgefäßes zur Wärmequelle einstellen lassen.The pyrolysis oven preferably has at least one holder which is designed to support a cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the heat source can be set by changing its position relative to the cooking vessel.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the characters

Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
Eine schematische Schnittansicht des Pyrolyseofens gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 2:
Eine schematische Schnittansicht des Pyrolyseofens mit Effizienzring gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
Fig. 3:
Eine schematische Schnittansicht des Pyrolyseofens mit Effizienzring und Haltern für ein Kochgefäß gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:
Figure 1:
A schematic sectional view of the pyrolysis furnace according to an aspect of the present invention;
Figure 2:
A schematic sectional view of the efficiency ring pyrolysis furnace according to an aspect of the present invention; and
Figure 3:
A schematic sectional view of the pyrolysis oven with efficiency ring and holders for a cooking vessel according to an aspect of the present invention.

Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolyseofen 1000. Der vorzugsweise modular aufgebaute Pyrolyseofen 1000 weist ein Gehäuse 1, 2, 3, mit mindestens einem ersten Lufteinlass für Primärluft 100 (durchgezogene Linie) und mindestens einem zweiten Lufteinlass 11 für Sekundärluft 200 (gestrichelte Linie) und Tertiärluft 300 (gepunktete Linie) im unteren Bereich des Gehäuses, auf. Weiterhin weist das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 einen Verbrennungsgasauslass 8 an seinem oberen Ende auf. Das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 umgibt eine nach oben geöffnete Brennkammer 4 mit einem regelbaren Lufteinlass 7, der mit dem ersten Lufteinlass des Gehäuses in Verbindung steht sowie einen Flammenkonzentrator 5, der den oberen Abschnitt der Brennkammer 4 umgibt. Der Lufteinlass 7 der Brennkammer 4 wird vorzugsweise durch einen Einlassstutzen gebildet. Der Einlassstutzen erstreckt sich vorzugsweise radial, d.h. senkrecht zur Längsachse der Brennkammer 4, sodass die Öffnung des Einlassstutzens mindestens eine Seitenwand des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 penetriert bzw. darüber hinaus ragt. 1 shows a pyrolysis oven 1000 according to the invention. The preferably modular pyrolysis oven 1000 has a housing 1, 2, 3, with at least one first air inlet for primary air 100 (solid line) and at least one second air inlet 11 for secondary air 200 (dashed line) and tertiary air 300 ( dotted line) at the bottom of the case. Furthermore, the housing 1 , 2 , 3 has a combustion gas outlet 8 its upper end. The housing 1, 2, 3 encloses an upwardly opening combustion chamber 4 with an adjustable air inlet 7 communicating with the first air inlet of the housing and a flame concentrator 5 surrounding the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4. The air inlet 7 of the combustion chamber 4 is preferably formed by an inlet port. The inlet connector preferably extends radially, ie perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4, so that the opening of the inlet connector penetrates at least one side wall of the housing 1, 2, 3 or protrudes beyond it.

Der Flammenkonzentrator 5 umfasst an seiner Oberseite eine Öffnung 51, deren Querschnitt kleiner als der Querschnitt der oberen Öffnung der Brennkammer 4 ist. Zwischen der Außenwand der Brennkammer 4 und der Innenwand des Flammenkonzentrators 5 wird ein Spalt 24 gebildet, durch den Sekundärluft 200 zu Einlassöffnungen 41, die im oberen Abschnitt der Brennkammer 4 vorgesehen sind, geleitet wird. Zwischen der Außenwand des Flammenkonzentrators 5 und der Innenwand des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 besteht ein Spalt 25, durch den Tertiärluft 300 in den Bereich der oberen Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 geleitet wird.The flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side, the cross section of which is smaller than the cross section of the upper opening of the combustion chamber 4 . A gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 is led to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4. There is a gap 25 between the outer wall of the flame concentrator 5 and the inner wall of the housing 1, 2, 3, through which tertiary air 300 is passed into the region of the upper opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5.

Vorzugsweise weisen das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 und/oder die Brennkammer 4 und/oder der Flammenkonzentrator 5 eine Zylinderform auf. Besonders bevorzugt ist das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 koaxial mit der Brennkammer 4 und/oder dem Flammenkonzentrator 5 angeordnet. Der Querschnitt des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 und/oder der Brennkammer 4 und/oder des Flammenkonzentrator 5 ist vorzugsweise kreisförmig, elliptisch, rechteckig oder quadratisch.The housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 preferably have a cylindrical shape. The housing 1, 2, 3 is particularly preferably arranged coaxially with the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5. The cross section of the housing 1, 2, 3 and/or the combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 is preferably circular, elliptical, rectangular or square.

Vorzugsweise ist das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 aus einem natürlichen Material gefertigt, beispielsweise aus Lehm oder Beton. Besonders bevorzugt ist das Gehäuse aus einem armierten Lehm oder Beton gefertigt.The housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete. The housing is particularly preferably made of reinforced clay or concrete.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung weist der Pyrolyseofen 1000 auf dem Gehäuseabschnitt 3 vorzugsweise einen Effizienzring 9 (siehe Fig. 2) auf. Der Effizienzring 9 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem lokal verfügbaren Material, beispielsweise aus recyceltem Blech. Der Effizienzring 9 weist vorzugsweise einen Mechanismus zur Größenverstellung auf, durch den sich sein Umfang an den Umfang eines Kochgefäßes anpassen lässt. Das nicht dargestellte Kochgefäß kann auf einer Oberseite des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 positioniert werden. Weiterhin weist der Effizienzring 9 vorzugsweise eine Öffnung 91 auf, durch die der Benutzer den Verbrennungsprozess beobachten kann, ohne dass hierfür der Pyrolyseofen 1000 geöffnet werden muss.According to a further aspect of the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has an efficiency ring 9 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 2 ) on. The efficiency ring 9 is preferably made of a locally available material, for example recycled sheet metal. The efficiency ring 9 preferably has a size adjustment mechanism, by means of which its circumference can be adapted to the circumference of a cooking vessel. The cooking vessel, not shown, can be positioned on an upper side of the housing 1, 2, 3. Furthermore, the efficiency ring 9 preferably has an opening 91 through which the user Combustion process can be observed without the pyrolysis furnace 1000 having to be opened for this purpose.

Vorzugsweise weist der Pyrolyseofen 1000 auf dem Gehäuseabschnitt 3 mindestens einen Halter 10 (siehe Fig. 3) auf, der ausgebildet ist, um das Kochgefäß darauf abzustellen und einen Abstand zwischen der Oberseite des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 und dem Kochgefäß herzustellen. Weiterhin vorzugsweise ist die dem Kochgefäß zugewandte Seite des Halters 10 schräg, sodass sich durch eine Veränderung seiner Position verschiedene Abstände des Kochgefäßes zum Verbrennungsgasauslass 8 des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 einstellen lassen. Besonders bevorzugt kann der Halter 10 aus mehreren Teilen bestehen, die relativ zueinander beweglich sind.The pyrolysis furnace 1000 preferably has at least one holder 10 on the housing section 3 (see FIG 3 ) which is designed to place the cooking vessel on it and create a distance between the top of the housing 1, 2, 3 and the cooking vessel. Furthermore, the side of the holder 10 facing the cooking vessel is preferably inclined so that different distances between the cooking vessel and the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3 can be set by changing its position. Particularly preferably, the holder 10 can consist of several parts that can be moved relative to one another.

Das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 ist vorzugsweise modular ausgebildet, mit einem unteren Element 1, einem mittleren Element 2 und einem oberen Element 3. Das untere Element 1 weist vorzugsweise mindestens einen Abstandshalter 15 auf, der ausgestaltet ist, um zwischen dem unteren Element 1 und dem mittleren Element 2 einen Abstand zu erzeugen, so dass ein zweiter Lufteinlass 11 gebildet wird. Durch diesen Lufteinlass 11 strömt Sekundärluft 200 und Tertiärluft 300 in das Innere des mittleren Elements 2. Das obere Element 3 weist den Verbrennungsgasauslass 8 auf.The housing 1, 2, 3 is preferably of modular design, with a lower element 1, a middle element 2 and an upper element 3. The lower element 1 preferably has at least one spacer 15 which is designed to be positioned between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2 to create a distance so that a second air inlet 11 is formed. Secondary air 200 and tertiary air 300 flow through this air inlet 11 into the interior of the middle element 2 . The upper element 3 has the combustion gas outlet 8 .

Das mittlere Element 2 weist an seiner Unterseite und an seiner Oberseite jeweils mindestens eine Öffnung auf. Vorzugsweise ist das mittlere Element 2 zylindrisch oder konisch. Das mittlere Element 2 umschließt die Brennkammer 4 und den Flammenkonzentrator 5.The middle element 2 has at least one opening on its underside and on its upper side. Preferably, the central element 2 is cylindrical or conical. The middle element 2 encloses the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5.

Die Brennkammer 4 weist vorzugsweise ein Auflager 6 für Brennstoff auf. Die Brennkammer 4 weist unterhalb des Auflagers 6 einen Lufteinlass 7 für Primärluft 100 auf. Der Lufteinlass 7 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise senkrecht zur Längsache der Brennkammer 4 in eine radiale Richtung, wobei zumindest die Öffnung des Lufteinlass' 7 die Außenwand des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 penetriert. Besonders bevorzugt erstreckt sich der Lufteinlass 7 radial in den durch den Abstandshalter 15 gebildeten Abstand zwischen dem unteren Element 1 und dem mittleren Element 2.The combustion chamber 4 preferably has a support 6 for fuel. The combustion chamber 4 has an air inlet 7 for primary air 100 below the support 6 . The air inlet 7 preferably extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 4 in a radial direction, with at least the opening of the air inlet 7 penetrating the outer wall of the housing 1 , 2 , 3 . The air inlet 7 particularly preferably extends radially into the distance formed by the spacer 15 between the lower element 1 and the middle element 2.

In einem oberen Bereich weist die Brennkammer 4 mindestens eine Einlassöffnung 41 auf, durch die Sekundärluft 200, die durch den Lufteinlass 11 in das mittlere Element 2 einströmt, in die Brennkammer 4 geleitet wird.In an upper region, the combustion chamber 4 has at least one inlet opening 41 through which secondary air 200, which flows through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2, is conducted into the combustion chamber 4.

Die Brennkammer 4 wird in einem oberen Bereich von dem Flammenkonzentrator 5 umgeben, und der Flammenkonzentrator 5 bedeckt die Oberseite der Brennkammer 4 zumindest teilweise. An seiner Oberseite weist der Flammenkonzentrator 5 eine Öffnung 51 auf. Die Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 weist einen geringeren Querschnitt auf, als der Querschnitt der offenen Oberseite der Brennkammer 4.The combustion chamber 4 is surrounded by the flame concentrator 5 in an upper area, and the flame concentrator 5 at least partially covers the upper side of the combustion chamber 4 . The flame concentrator 5 has an opening 51 on its upper side. The opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 has a smaller cross section than the cross section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4.

Vorzugsweise wird die Brennkammer 4 durch das untere Element 1 und/oder das mittlere Element 2 gestützt. Vorzugsweise wird das untere Element 1 und/oder das mittlere Element 2 und/oder das obere Element 3 aus einem natürlichen Material gefertigt, beispielsweise aus Lehm oder Beton. Besonders bevorzugt ist das natürliche Material armiert. Die Brennkammer 4 und/oder der Flammenkonzentrator 5 sind vorzugsweise aus einem lokal verfügbaren Material gefertigt. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Brennkammer 4 und der Flammenkonzentrator aus lokal verfügbarem Metall, beispielsweise aus recyceltem Blech gefertigt.Preferably, the combustion chamber 4 is supported by the lower member 1 and/or the middle member 2. Preferably, the lower element 1 and/or the middle element 2 and/or the upper element 3 is made of a natural material, for example clay or concrete. The natural material is particularly preferably reinforced. The combustion chamber 4 and/or the flame concentrator 5 are preferably made of a locally available material. Most preferably, the combustion chamber 4 and flame concentrator are made of locally available metal, such as recycled sheet metal.

Zwischen der Außenwand der Brennkammer 4 und der Innenwand des Flammenkonzentrators 5 wird ein Spalt 24 gebildet durch den Sekundärluft 200, die durch den Lufteinlass 11 in das mittlere Element 2 strömt, zu Einlassöffnungen 41, die im oberen Abschnitt der Brennkammer 4 vorgesehen sind, geleitet wird. Zwischen der Außenwand des Flammenkonzentrators 5 und der Innenwand des mittleren Elements 2 des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3 besteht ein Spalt 25 durch den Tertiärluft 300 in den Bereich einer oberen Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 geleitet wird.A gap 24 is formed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 4 and the inner wall of the flame concentrator 5, through which secondary air 200 flowing through the air inlet 11 into the central element 2 is directed to inlet openings 41 provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4 . Between the outer wall of the flame concentrator 5 and the inner wall of the middle element 2 of the housing 1, 2, 3 there is a gap 25 through which tertiary air 300 is conducted into the region of an upper opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5.

Der Verbrennungsvorgang des Brennstoffs, der sich vorzugsweise auf dem Auflager 6 der Brennkammer 4 befindet, erfolgt über die Zufuhr von Primärluft 100 in die Brennkammer 4 durch den regelbaren Lufteinlass 7. Das Feuer wird im oberen Bereich der Brennkammer gestartet und die Holzgasproduktion zieht dann kontinuierlich bis in den unteren Bereich der Brennkammer ( Top to Down Konzept ) zum Auflager der Brennstoffkammer und produziert in dieser Verbrennungsphase die Holzkohle. Nach dem Anzünden wird nach einer bestimmten Zeit der Querschnitt des Lufteinlasses 7 durch einen Schieber aus Metall reduziert (geschlossen), um zu vermeiden, dass der Brennstoff durch zuviel (kontinuierliche Zufuhr von) Primärluft 100 vollständig verbrennt. Durch das Reduzieren (Schließen) des Lufteinlasses 7 wird der Brennstoff effektiver verkohlt.The combustion process of the fuel, which is preferably located on the support 6 of the combustion chamber 4, takes place via the supply of primary air 100 into the combustion chamber 4 through the adjustable air inlet 7. The fire is started in the upper area of the combustion chamber and the wood gas production then increases continuously to in the lower area of the combustion chamber (top to down concept) to the support of the fuel chamber and produces the charcoal in this combustion phase. After ignition, after a certain time, the cross-section of the air inlet 7 is reduced (closed) by a metal slide in order to avoid that the fuel burns completely due to too much (continuous supply of) primary air 100 . By reducing (closing) the air intake 7, the fuel is carbonized more effectively.

Im Zuge der Verkohlung des Brennstoffs entsteht Verbrennungsgas, welches in den oberen Teil der Brennkammer 4 steigt. Aufgrund des geringeren Querschnitts der oberen Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 relativ zum Querschnitt der offenen Oberseite der Brennkammer 4, verlässt das Verbrennungsgas die Brennkammer 4 nicht ungehindert, sondern wird am oberen Ende der Brennkammer 4 gebündelt. Durch die Einlassöffnungen 41 im oberen Bereich der Brennkammer 4 wird dem heißen Verbrennungsgas Sekundärluft 200 beigemischt und das Verbrennungsgas verbrennt zusätzlich.In the course of the carbonization of the fuel, combustion gas is produced, which rises into the upper part of the combustion chamber 4 . Due to the smaller cross-section of the upper opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 relative to the cross-section of the open top of the combustion chamber 4, the combustion gas does not leave the combustion chamber 4 unhindered but is concentrated at the upper end of the combustion chamber 4. Secondary air 200 is added to the hot combustion gas through the inlet openings 41 in the upper region of the combustion chamber 4 and the combustion gas also burns.

Das Verbrennungsgas steigt durch die obere Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 weiter in Richtung des Verbrennungsgasauslasses 8 des Gehäuses 1, 2, 3. Nachdem das Verbrennungsgas die obere Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 passiert hat, vermischt es sich im Spalt 25 mit Tertiärluft 300, die durch den Lufteinlass 11 in das Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 zur oberen Öffnung 51 des Flammenkonzentrators 5 geleitet wird. Durch die Zufuhr von Tertiärluft 300 verbrennen weitere, bisher nichtverbrannte Anteile des aus der Brennkammer 4 und dem Flammenkonzentrator 5 strömenden Verbrennungsgases.The combustion gas continues to rise through the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5 towards the combustion gas outlet 8 of the housing 1, 2, 3. After the combustion gas has passed the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5, it mixes in the gap 25 with tertiary air 300 passing through the air inlet 11 into the housing 1, 2, 3 to the top opening 51 of the flame concentrator 5. The supply of tertiary air 300 burns further, previously unburned portions of the combustion gas flowing out of the combustion chamber 4 and the flame concentrator 5 .

Die während der Verbrennung und Verkohlung entstehende Wärme sowie nicht verbrannte Anteile des Verbrennungsgases treten durch den Verbrennungsgasauslass 8 aus dem Gehäuse 1, 2, 3 aus. Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung wird die entstehende Wärme genutzt um ein Kochgefäß zu erhitzen, das sich oberhalb des Verbrennungsgasauslasses 8 befindet.The heat generated during combustion and charring, as well as unburned portions of the combustion gas, exit the housing 1 , 2 , 3 through the combustion gas outlet 8 . According to one aspect of the invention, the heat generated is used to heat a cooking vessel located above the combustion gas outlet 8 .

Mit dem Pyrolyseofen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird der Verbrennung des Holzgases Sekundärluft 200 und später Tertiärluft 300 zugeführt. Somit entsteht ein Nachbrenneffekt, wodurch sich die thermische Effizienz des Pyrolyseofens verbessert und die Rauchbildung reduziert wird.With the pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention, secondary air 200 and later tertiary air 300 are supplied to the combustion of the wood gas. This creates an afterburning effect, which improves the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven and reduces smoke formation.

Durch den größenverstellbaren Effizienzring wird die zum Kochen genutzte Energie gezielt auf das Kochgefäß geleitet, was ebenfalls vorteilhaft für die thermische Effizienz des Pyrolyseofens ist.Due to the size-adjustable efficiency ring, the energy used for cooking is directed to the cooking vessel, which is also advantageous for the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis oven.

Aufgrund der verbesserten Effizienz kann der Brennstoffeinsatz, verglichen mit üblichen Pyrolyseöfen oder der 3-Steine-Kochstelle, verringert werden. Dies wirkt sich positiv auf die Umwelt aus und reduziert Betriebskosten.Due to the improved efficiency, fuel consumption can be reduced compared to conventional pyrolysis ovens or the 3-stone cooking zone. This has a positive effect on the environment and reduces operating costs.

Weiterhin ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolyseofen nach dem Anzünden kein Feuermanagement mehr notwendig, was die Handhabung vereinfacht und die Verbrennungsgefahr reduziert.Furthermore, with the pyrolysis furnace according to the invention, fire management is no longer necessary after ignition, which simplifies handling and reduces the risk of burns.

Die Herstellungskosten des erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolyseofens sind, verglichen mit herkömmlichen Kleinpyrolyseöfen, um ein Vielfaches geringer, da günstige, lokal vorkommende Materialen genutzt werden, wie beispielsweise Lehm, Beton oder Recycling-Metall. Somit lässt sich der Pyrolyseofen der vorliegenden Erfindung regional herstellen, wodurch Arbeitsplätze auf regionaler/dörflicher Ebene geschaffen werden.The production costs of the pyrolysis oven according to the invention are many times lower compared to conventional small pyrolysis ovens, since cheap, locally occurring materials are used, such as clay, concrete or recycled metal. Thus, the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention can be manufactured regionally, creating jobs at the regional/village level.

Durch seine modulare Bauweise kann der Pyrolyseofen einfach und kostengünstig repariert werden und ermöglicht eine einfache, kostengünstige Wartung vor Ort. Somit entstehen in armen, ländlichen Regionen geschlossene Wirtschaftskreisläufe, was für die dortigen Bewohner ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist.Due to its modular design, the pyrolysis furnace can be easily and inexpensively repaired and allows for easy, inexpensive on-site maintenance. This creates closed economic cycles in poor, rural regions, which is also advantageous for the residents there.

Obwohl die Erfindung mittels der Figuren und der zugehörigen Beschreibung dargestellt und detailliert beschrieben ist, sind diese Darstellung und diese detaillierte Beschreibung illustrativ und beispielhaft zu verstehen und nicht als die Erfindung einschränkend.Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of the figures and the associated description, this illustration and this detailed description are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary and not as limiting the invention.

Claims (12)

  1. A pyrolysis furnace (1000) comprising:
    (a) a housing (1, 2, 3)
    (a1) having at least one first air inlet for primary air (100) and at least one second air inlet (11) for secondary air (200) and tertiary air (300) in the lower area of the housing and
    (a2) a combustion gas outlet (8) at the upper end of the housing,
    (b) an open-top combustion chamber (4) being arranged in the housing (1, 2, 3) and having an air inlet (7) which is arranged in the lower area of the combustion chamber (4) and communicates with the first air inlet of the housing, and
    (c) a flame concentrator (5) surrounding an upper portion of the combustion chamber (4) and having an upper opening (51) whose cross-section is smaller than the cross-section of the upper opening of the combustion chamber (4),
    (d) wherein a gap (24) is provided between the outer wall of the combustion chamber (4) and the inner wall of the flame concentrator (5) for introducing the secondary air (200) to inlet openings (41) in the upper portion of the combustion chamber (4),
    (e) wherein a gap (25) is provided between the outer wall of the flame concentrator (5) and the inner wall of the housing (1, 2, 3) for introducing the tertiary air (300) to the area of the upper opening (51) of the flame concentrator (5), and
    (f) wherein the combustion chamber (4) and the flame concentrator (5) are made of metal.
  2. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the housing (1, 2, 3) and/or the combustion chamber (4) and/or the flame concentrator (5) are cylinder-shaped.
  3. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 2, wherein the housing (1, 2, 3) is arranged coaxially with the combustion chamber (4) and/or the flame concentrator (5).
  4. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the housing (1, 2, 3) is made of reinforced clay or concrete.
  5. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the housing (1, 2, 3) is modular with a lower element (1), a middle element (2) and an upper element (3).
  6. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 5, wherein the combustion chamber (4) is supported by the lower element (1) and/or the middle element (2).
  7. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an efficiency ring (9).
  8. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 7, wherein the efficiency ring (9) comprises a size adjustment mechanism.
  9. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the efficiency ring (9) comprises an opening (91) on a side wall.
  10. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least one holder (10) to support a cooking vessel.
  11. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to claim 10, wherein a side of the holder (10) facing the cooking vessel is sloped.
  12. The pyrolysis furnace (1000) according to any one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the holder (10) consists of a plurality of parts movable relative to each other.
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ITTO20080823A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-08 Nathaniel Mulcahy DEVICE AND PROCESS OF GASIFICATION AND / OR PYROLYSIS, OR VAPORIZATION OF A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
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