DE102018110868B4 - Mobile heating device for burning biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile heating device (1) for burning biomass, in particular wood and dried animal manure, e.g. for heating food, drinks or service water, the heating device (1) in a position of use having an inner wall surface (3) and delimiting a combustion chamber (2) an outer wall surface (4) enclosing the inner wall surface (3) on the circumferential side, which with the inner wall surface (3) encloses an interspace (5) as an air gap, the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4) for changing between the use position and one for Transport certain non-use position are movably connected to each other, wherein the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4) are each formed by a plurality of flat, in particular flat panels (6), and a first area (18) made of a plurality of panels (6 ) forms the inner wall surface (3) and includes the combustion chamber (2) and a second region (19) of a plurality of panels (6) forms the outer wall surface (4) and delimits the space (5) between the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4), characterized in that the respectively adjacent panels (6) are pivotably connected and the panels (6 ) are arranged in the position of use in a spiral or helical position.

Description

The invention relates to a mobile heating device for burning biomass, in particular wood and dried animal manure, by primary and secondary combustion, for example for heating food, beverages or service water, the heating device in a position of use delimiting a combustion chamber and an inner wall surface on the circumference enclosing outer wall surface which encloses an interspace as an air gap with the inner wall surface, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface being movably connected to one another for changing between the use position and a non-use position intended for transport, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface each by a plurality of flat, in particular flat panels are formed and a first area of a plurality of panels forms the inner wall surface and encloses the combustion chamber and a second area of a plurality of panels eelen forms the outer wall surface and defines the space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface.

Various types of wood stoves have been known as cooking and grilling equipment for thousands of years. Due to the process, a permanent and sufficient supply of oxygen for the open fire or embers and, in connection with this, an extraction of the exhaust gas must be guaranteed during the combustion of wood.

Even today, the question of fuel is particularly relevant when tours to remote regions. Here it has to be decided whether enough fuel should or can be carried with you or whether the fuel for the heating device can be taken from nature.

Suitable fuels, such as dry wood, twigs, pine cones, small logs or other combustible biomass, are often abundantly available in nature and do not have to be transported. This type of cooking saves you having to carry fuel and offers the greatest possible independence on the go.

There are a number of solutions on the market for mobile cooking with biomass. Simple models work on the principle of the hobo oven, a vessel open at the top with openings for air supply in the lower area. These solutions achieve better combustion than an open fire by concentrating the combustion process in a small, hot area.

Heating devices that use a multi-stage combustion process are also known. In this case, the fuel is first carbonized in a primary combustion step with a lack of air. The resulting mixture of combustion gases and unburned pyrolysis gases is then burned as a heating flame in a secondary combustion step.

In contrast to a normal hobo, after the normal (primary) combustion, preheated oxygen is fed to the upper edge of the combustion chamber. As a result, the incompletely burned mixture of combustion gases and pyrolysis gases, also called wood gas, is burned in a secondary combustion where the greatest heat output has to be provided, i.e. H. directly below the saucepan. This increases the efficiency of the stove and there is significantly less smoke.

The principle of wood gasification is pyrolysis. In the absence of oxygen, the wood is heated, which releases wood gas. This can be ignited after mixing with oxygen. In the wood gas boiler, the wood is heated in the pyrolysis zone by a first wood fire until pyrolysis begins. During this process, the wood is broken down into wood gas and ash. The wood gas rises and is mixed with oxygen-rich hot air at the top and burns. The hot air was previously drawn in from the outside through holes on the lower edge of the stove and is heated on the inside wall of the pyrolysis chamber.

The gasification (insufficient combustion, pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen) and the subsequent complete combustion of the gas reduce the emission of particles and carbon monoxide compared to conventional wood stoves and open fires. Due to the way in which the pyrolysis gases and the fresh air are routed, a specific combustion of these and thus an increase in efficiency and fuel savings is achieved.

In order to achieve the desired secondary combustion, the combustion chamber is inserted into a hollow body which forms the outer wall surface. The hot air in the space between the inner and outer vessel rises and is fed into the combustion chamber in the upper area through openings.

Because the air supply for the secondary combustion is based on natural convection, no ventilation device is necessary and the operation is independent of external energy sources, for example electrical power.

The basic structural design is comparatively simple and consists of two cylindrical hollow bodies, which are arranged concentrically to one another and can be separated for transport. It is also common to use further hollow cylinders as a pot support and with appropriate air supply openings as a base. All hollow bodies can be arranged one inside the other through sensible dimensioning.

A generic heating device is for example from WO 2017/197410 A1 known, in which a plurality of flat planar panels are connected by means of plug connections in such a way that they form a double-walled arrangement of an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface with a gap in the position of use.

From the prior art, for example, from DE 20 2007 010 436 U1 a generic stove based on the principle of wood gasification is known, which consists of an outer cylinder closed on the underside and a smaller inner cylinder provided with a perforated plate on the underside, both of which are nested and connected to one another at the top. There are ventilation holes in the lower area of the outer cylinder and in the upper and lower area of the inner cylinder.

Furthermore, such a stove is also from the GB 2 512 417 A known.

From the DE 20 2005 017 417 U1 a simple wood stove that can be plugged together from several sheets is known. The fire can be lit quickly thanks to the large number of air openings on the sides and on the bottom.

The DE 10 2009 012 905 B3 describes a solid fuel furnace with two combustion chambers arranged one above the other, which are separated from one another by a floor, whereby they are in communication by a flue gas.

A wooden cooker that folds to the size of a postcard has become known under the name “Künzi Hobo Cooker” and requires little space in your luggage when you are out and about. The six wall elements are connected by hinges in such a way that all wall elements lie flat on top of one another in the non-use position and, when they are upright, occupy a rectangular base area.

A disadvantage of the previously known heating devices based on the principle of wood gasification with a combustion chamber and an air gap enclosed by the outer wall surface is that they can only be adapted to different pot sizes to a very limited extent. Such heating devices are often offered in different sizes with correspondingly different diameters, but this also defines the pot diameter that can be used within narrow limits. A larger pot typically requires a larger heating device while, conversely, small pots can also be used on large heating devices due to reducing agents. However, the unnecessarily large pack size associated with this is undesirable. In addition, larger heating devices also require an increased fuel supply.

The invention is based on the object of creating a transportable heating device with an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface spaced by an air gap for primary and secondary combustion, which has a very small pack size and is also easy to adapt to objects to be heated, especially pots of different sizes and different basic shapes (geometry).

This object is achieved according to the invention with a heating device according to the features of claim 1. The further embodiment of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

According to the invention, therefore, a heating device is provided in which the respectively adjacent panels are pivotably connected and the panels are arranged in a helical or helical position in the position of use. The invention is based on the surprisingly simple knowledge that a variable adaptation of the heating device to almost any object to be heated can be realized if the inner wall surface is formed by a plurality of panels that are pivotably connected at their side edges and therefore one steplessly allow adjustable relative angular arrangement. The core idea is therefore that identical or similar panels are connected to one another in the form of limbs and by setting up in a vertical orientation and arranging part of the panels in a closed ring arrangement to the inner wall surface and the remaining part of the panels to the outer wall surface a variable assignment of the panels to the Inner wall surface on the one hand and to the outer wall surface on the other hand is achieved. In addition, any polygonal contour can be created so that, for example, oval or kidney-shaped basic shapes, such as those used as field cookware in the military, can be used just as easily as angular bowls or grids, for example for grilling purposes. In addition, however, the cross-sectional area can also be increased or increased variably be reduced. For example, individual or multiple panels that are assigned to the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface can be arranged so as to overlap or also pivoted out of the ring contour so that they no longer have a wall surface function, but rather the stability is improved. For this purpose, such panels can, for example, point radially outwards in pairs with respect to the adjacent panels. In addition, several panels can also form a further, third or fourth wall surface, which is advantageous as additional wind protection and as a result of which the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber is reduced in order to reduce the fuel requirement. Conversely, a large part, for example all the panels, can be arranged in such a way that they are arranged in a ring to form a single, correspondingly enlarged wall surface, whereby a simple wood stove can be realized without secondary air combustion. This arrangement is also suitable, for example, for very large objects, for example pans, or as a simple delimitation of an open hearth. Preferably all panels have a matching circumferential contour. By arranging the panels in a spiral or helical position in the position of use, the inner wall surface delimiting the combustion chamber and the outer wall surface are created in a surprisingly simple manner by an uninterrupted arrangement of the panels, which in practice can be arranged largely concentrically. It has been shown here that a different gap width of the annular gap enclosed in this way in the space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface does not lead to any adverse effect on the functioning of the heating device. Likewise, the construction-related interruption of the annular gap by at least one panel forming the connection between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface does not result in any disadvantages, since a circular flow of the air heated in the annular gap does not occur.

In the non-use position, all panels can initially be arranged lying flat next to one another in a common plane. The panels could then be rolled up, resulting in a prismatic cross-sectional shape. On the other hand, it is particularly advantageous if the panels are arranged in a zigzag shape in the non-use position in a flat side-by-side and / or superposed position and in the use position in an upright, in particular vertical orientation, the main planes of extension of at least individual, preferably all adjacent panels, each Include an obtuse angle to the respective main plane of extension of the adjacent panels. In this way, an extremely compact non-use position with a minimal packing size is achieved, the individual panels preferably having an identical or almost identical circumferential contour. The size of the cross-sectional area of the polygonal cross-sectional shape thus created is determined by the angle between the main planes of extension of the adjacent panels. At the same time, however, the required stability is achieved so that the heating device works without additional tools and can be set up directly on almost any surface.

It has already proven to be particularly promising if the panels form a convex polygon with different interior angles in the position of use. The fact that the main planes of extension of the adjacent panels enclose a continuously smaller interior angle results in an arrangement of the wall surfaces as an inner wall surface and outer wall surface, similar to a winding made of several turns, which thereby also enclose the space required for wood gasification as an air gap.

Although in practical use a section of the outer wall surface can be formed by an existing, for example also stationary object, for example a stone, a wall or the like, in order to continue the combustion chamber as required by an associated different assignment of the panels to the inner wall surface on the one hand and the outer wall surface on the other However, it has proven to be particularly practical if, in the position of use, the panels of the first area and the panels of the second area are each positioned in an annular closed arrangement and therefore promote uniform flame propagation and heat distribution as well as high stability.

To implement the secondary combustion, an inflow opening is required for the heated air rising in the annular gap into the combustion chamber. This can be implemented, for example, by a lower height of at least some of the panels forming the inner wall surface. On the other hand, an embodiment of the invention is particularly useful in which at least some of the panels of the first area are equipped with recesses and / or openings in an edge area assigned to the respective narrow side for the gas passage from the intermediate space into the combustion chamber, with recesses primarily cutouts of the Edge contour with openings and breakthroughs in the edge area are meant. If, as described above, the panels equipped for the inner wall surface with the recesses or openings are associated with the outer wall surface as a result of the reduction in cross-section of the outer wall surface, these recesses and openings can through the panels of the third Wall surface must be covered in order to prevent undesired leakage of the heated air into the environment. For this purpose, a slight lateral offset of the panels of the outer wall surface and third wall surface lying flat against one another or slightly spaced apart is sufficient, that is, a non-congruent relative position in order to close the recesses and openings.

Although the panels already have sufficient stability due to the relative angular position, it has already proven to be particularly useful if at least two outer panels are provided, which are each connected to only one further panel, and that at least one of these outer panels, preferably both Panels are equipped with a fixing means for releasable connection to another panel, preferably in a transition area of the first area and the second area. This significantly simplifies the construction of the heating device from the non-use position to the use position by connecting the fixing means, for example, to a panel in the transition area of the first area and the second area and thus determining the number of panels forming the inner wall surface. Of course, the fixing means can be fixed in several positions on different panels for variable arrangement. After fixing, a desired, uniform polygonal basic shape of the combustion chamber can be achieved by laterally displacing the panels in the radial direction, which results in a largely regular basic shape. Another fixing means on the opposite outer panel closes the outer wall surface in a ring around the inner wall surface and thus prevents the uncontrolled outflow of the heated air to the outside.

The panels particularly preferably each have a lower narrow side that forms a standing surface and an upper narrow side that forms a support surface for a pot or pan.

In addition, the sides of adjacent panels connecting the narrow sides are preferably connected such that they can pivot, with rectangular panels having proven to be particularly practical in their basic shape. In addition, the panels can also have a trapezoidal basic shape with a lower narrow side which is longer than the upper narrow side, whereby a truncated pyramid-shaped usage position can also be realized.

The upper and / or lower narrow side of the panels, in each case at least one narrow side, can be equipped with an in particular convex recess and / or opening in order to achieve better air passage, even when the upper narrow side is used as a pot support. If necessary, an ash tray can also be inserted into the lower recesses in the position of use. On the underside, the recesses lead to a type of toothing, which ensures a firm stand on almost all surfaces.

Another, particularly practical development of the invention is also achieved in that the panels are connected to one another by hinge joints, which are formed by opposing recesses in the respective edge area of adjacent panels, in which an in particular sleeve-shaped or ring-shaped connecting element engages. This limits the relative mobility to a single degree of freedom and thus ensures a stable and resilient position of use. In addition, damage occurring during use can be repaired with simple means.

If, in addition, the panels are detachably connected, more or fewer panels can be used for size adjustment and accordingly carried along, which is equivalent to a weight saving. This enables simple adaptation to different group sizes.

Although the invention is not limited to a specific number of panels, at least in practical testing of the heating device 10 Panels, especially between 14th and 22nd Panels, proved to be particularly useful. The long sides are preferably at least twice as long as the narrow sides.

Particularly suitable materials are temperature-resistant metals such as steel or titanium, but also ceramic materials or composite materials such as carbon-ceramic.

• 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von gelenkig miteinander verbundenen Paneelen in einer Gebrauchsposition;
• 2 die Heizvorrichtung aus einer Ansicht von schräg oben;
• 3 eine Ansicht eines unteren Teilbereiches der Heizvorrichtung;
• 4 eine Ansicht der Paneele in einer aufrechten, nicht gebrauchsfertigen Position;
• 5 eine Detaildarstellung der Heizvorrichtung mit einem die ringförmig geschlossene Gebrauchsposition der Paneele sichernden Fixiermittel;
• 6 eine alternative Gebrauchsposition der Heizvorrichtung;
• 7 eine flachliegende Nichtgebrauchsposition der Paneele;
• 8 eine zum Transport bestimmte Nichtgebrauchsposition der Heizvorrichtung.

The invention allows various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and is described below. This shows in a perspective illustration in each case

• 1 a heating device according to the invention with a plurality of hinged panels in a position of use;
• 2 the heating device from a view obliquely from above;
• 3 a view of a lower portion of the heating device;
• 4th a view of the panels in an upright, non-ready-to-use position;
• 5 a detailed representation of the heating device with a fixing means securing the annular closed position of use of the panels;
• 6 an alternative use position of the heater;
• 7th a lay-flat, non-use position of the panels;
• 8th a non-use position of the heating device intended for transport.

A foldable heating device according to the invention, which can be carried mobile by a person 1 is explained below using the 1 to 8th explained in more detail. The heater 1 In practice it is primarily used as a cooker for leisure purposes, but can also be used for heating or grilling purposes and, with appropriate dimensions, for larger groups. The heater 1 is intended for operation with biomass, in particular wood, as fuel and follows the principle of the gasifier, in which there is a primary and a secondary combustion.

The heating device has for this purpose 1 as in 1 and 2 recognizable, one, a combustion chamber 2 limiting inner wall surface 3 and one the inner wall surface 3 circumferentially enclosing outer wall surface 4th that with the interior wall surface 3 a gap 5 includes as an air gap. Both the inner wall surface 3 as well as the outer wall surface 4th are made up of a large number of individual panels 6 formed, which are hinged to each other and therefore, as exemplified in 4th , 6 , 7th and 8th to recognize, allow other arrangements in addition to the position of use, including in particular the in 8th Shown non-use position intended for transport.

In operation, it is first in the combustion chamber 2 the fuel ignites. The air supply required for this occurs through appropriate openings 7th in a lower edge area of the respective panel forming a standing area 6 . This causes the air supplied to enter the combustion chamber 2 as well as in the space in between 5 . In the gap 5 the air on the outside of the inner wall surface is heated 3 and consequently a vertical flow of air. The air heated in this way passes through additional openings 8th in an upper margin, which is like in 4th and 6 recognizable, only in the inner wall surface 3 forming panels 6 are provided in the combustion chamber 2 and forms a flammable gas mixture with the pyrolysis gas present there due to incomplete combustion. This leads to the desired secondary combustion and the associated increase in the efficiency of the combustion compared to a simple wood stove, as it is in an alternative position of use of the heating device 1 realizable and in 7th is shown.

This previously unattainable variability of the possible arrangements and also structural forms is achieved by the inner wall surface 3 and the outer wall surface 4th each by a plurality of structurally identical, flat panels 6 are formed from sheet metal blanks, their assignment to the inner wall surface 3 one hand and the outer wall surface 4th on the other hand, it is variable and accordingly allows different geometries. In contrast to the heating devices known from the prior art, the heating device according to the invention can thus be used 1 variably adapt to the respective purpose and also achieve an unusually space-saving non-use position for transport.

The respective adjacent panels 6 are in their outer edge area 9 around one to the main plane of extension of the panels 6 parallel axis 10 pivotally connected to each other by hinge joints, which are connected by opposing recesses 11 that are in the respective edge area 9 adjacent panels 6 are provided, and one each in two adjacent recesses 11 engaging, sleeve-shaped connecting element 12th are formed. In this way are the inner wall surface 3 and the outer wall surface 4th movably connected to one another to change between the position of use and a non-use position intended for transport.

The panels are in the use position 6 arranged in an upright orientation in such a way that the main planes of extent of at least individual, preferably all, adjacent panels 6 , each an obtuse angle α lock in. This creates a basic spiral shape, whereby the user can decide for himself how many of the panels 6 the inner wall surface 3 and how many panels 6 the outer wall surface 4th form. In order to be able to quickly establish an intended use position, two outer panels are provided 6 ' provided, each with only one additional panel 6 are connected, and with a fixing agent 13th are equipped. The fixative 13th has one in the main extension plane of the panel 6 ' on this laterally arranged projection 14th with a slot-shaped recess 15th into which a corresponding shape 16 , which on several panels 6 in a transition area 17th between an area 18th the inner wall surface 3 and an area 19th the outer wall surface 4th is provided, engages positively. This allows the combustion chamber 2 cannot be opened accidentally. The functionality of the heating device 1 can, however, be achieved reliably without this fixing.

After all, in 7th another alternative use of the heating device 1 shown as a simple wood stove, with the omission of the division into the inner wall surface 3 and the outer wall surface 4th a much larger combustion chamber 2 ' can be realized as it is advantageous for large pans, for example.

In addition, you can use the heating device 1 of course, any of the in 1 and 2 shown largely uniform polygonal basic shape deviating, for example rectangular shapes, generated and if necessary further panels 6 can be added to enlarge.

List of reference symbols

1

Heater

2, 2 '

Combustion chamber

3

Interior wall surface

4th

Exterior wall surface

5

Space

6, 6 '

Panel

7th

opening

8th

opening

9

Edge area

10

axis

11

Recess

12th

Connecting element

13th

fixer

14th

head Start

15th

Recess

16

Shaping

17th

Transition area

18th

Area

19th

Area

α, α '

angle

Claims (9)

A mobile heating device (1) for burning biomass, in particular wood and dried animal manure, for example for heating food, drinks or service water, the heating device (1) in a position of use having an inner wall surface (3) and delimiting a combustion chamber (2) an outer wall surface (4) which encloses the inner wall surface (3) on the circumferential side and which with the inner wall surface (3) encloses a gap (5) as an air gap, the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4) for changing between the position of use and one for Transport certain non-use position are movably connected to one another, wherein the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4) are each formed by a plurality of flat, in particular flat panels (6), and a first area (18) made of a plurality of panels (6 ) forms the inner wall surface (3) and includes the combustion chamber (2) and a second region (19) of a plurality of panels (6) forms the outer wall surface (4) and delimits the space (5) between the inner wall surface (3) and the outer wall surface (4), characterized in that the respectively adjacent panels (6) are pivotably connected and the panels (6 ) are arranged in a spiral or helical position in the use position. Heating device (1) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the panels (6) are arranged in the non-use position in a position lying flat next to one another and / or on top of one another and in the use position are arranged in an upright, in particular vertical orientation, the main planes of extent of at least individual, preferably all, adjacent panels (6 ) each enclose an obtuse angle (α, α '). Heating device (1) after Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the panels (6) in the position of use form a convex polygon with different angles (α, α '). Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the use position the panels (6) of the first area (18) and the panels (6) of the second area (19) are each positioned in an annular closed arrangement. Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the panels (6) of the first area (18) are equipped with recesses and / or openings (7, 8) in an edge area (9) assigned to the respective narrow side are. Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two outer panels (6 ') are provided, each of which is connected to only one further panel (6), and that at least one of these outer panels (6') , preferably both outer panels (6 ') are equipped with a fixing means (13) for releasable connection to another panel (6), preferably in a transition area (17) of the first area (18) and second area (19). Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels (6) each have a lower narrow side forming a standing surface and an upper narrow side forming a supporting surface. Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels (6) each have at least one narrow side with an in particular convex recess and / or opening. Heating device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels are connected to one another by hinge joints which are formed by opposing recesses (11) in the respective edge area (9) of adjacent panels (6), in which a particular sleeve-shaped or ring-shaped connecting element (12) engages.

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