EP2107316A2 - Stove for burning solid fuels with at least one combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The chimney stove comprises a combustion chamber, which has chimney stove walls, where a door (3) with viewing panel (4) is arranged in a chimney stove wall. A combustion chamber has side walls, where a base is accommodated in the combustion space. The combustion chamber is arranged partly under a plane of a lower edge of the door. Holes are arranged in the side walls of the combustion chamber, through which a combustion air is fed in the combustion chamber.

Description

The invention relates to a stove for burning solid fuels with at least one combustion chamber, which is enclosed by stove walls, wherein a door is arranged on at least one stove wall and wherein in the combustion chamber a combustion chamber is received with side walls and a bottom.

As a wood-burning stove of the type mentioned in the introduction, fireplace inserts or heating inserts are understood in this application. Such a stove can also be a wood gasifier.

It is necessary to adapt the heat output of solid fuel fireplaces to the current building standard. The heat output to be delivered in normal operation, i. without throttling the combustion, the installation room should be reduced. This is achieved by reducing the amount of fuel supplied, but high efficiency and low-emission burning are desirable.

In particular, it is problematic to achieve a low-emission burning of firewood during the entire burn-up period with a reduced use of fuel. In particular, in the start-up and burn-out phase in known stoves no complete burning of solid fuels, often remain unburned parts of eg logs in the stove back.

In the solid fuel fireplaces known today, wood logs are regularly placed lying in the combustion chamber or combustion chamber. The combustion chamber width or depth is matched to the log length. Combustion air is supplied to the kiln, consisting of ash, ember and newly laid logs, from below. The combustion of a single log is a multi-step process, it consists of drying, degassing / pyrolysis and subsequent burn-out. A high efficiency can only be achieved by a high temperature, optimum residence time and good mixing of the combustion gases with the combustion air. For this purpose, a combustion air supply adapted to the individual combustion phases is required in each case.

In simple combustion chambers, the entire combustion air is supplied in the lower area. Without further air supply, however, no low-emission burn-out phase takes place in these combustion chambers. It has already been proposed in the prior art that above the burning material in the same combustion chamber, e.g. To inject so-called secondary air into the rising fuel gases via nozzles in the rear wall of the combustion chamber in a larger amount. This will improve the burnout phase.

Furthermore, it should be noted that in today's solid fuel fireplaces a generous view of the fire on customer request is required. This can only be achieved by observing satisfactory emission values via a closed door of the combustion chamber. Regularly, a generous window is arranged in the door, which extends in most cases to the fire bed of the combustion chamber. An internal fogging of the window with combustion residues is then prevented by a so-called disc purging air, which falls down as an air curtain behind the lens from top to bottom and flows directly to the kiln. This additional excess air has a significant disadvantage, since only a small amount of air from below is required as primary air for combustion in the region of the fuel. This massive effect increases significantly with the size of the lens.

The invention has the object of disclosing a stove of the type mentioned, in which a complete and low emissions burning of the introduced solid fuel is possible.

This object is inventively achieved in that the combustion chamber is at least partially disposed below the plane of the lower edge of the door and openings are arranged in the side walls of the combustion chamber, through which combustion air into the interior of the combustion chamber can be guided.

The arrangement of the combustion chamber below the level of the lower door edge, a separation of the three Abbrandphasen takes place in different spatial areas. Below the lower edge of the door, that is to say in an area which is not visible to users of the stove, the drying and pyrolysis room for solid combustion is arranged in the combustion chamber. Above the lower edge of the door and thus in the field of vision, on the other hand, the flame chamber is located for the combustion of the combustion gases.

The inventively provided combustion chamber below the door edge can be minimized in size. As a result, the volume of solid fuels used can be reduced. An oven equipped with the combustion chamber according to the invention may have a narrow construction, for example with a cylindrical design having a diameter of about 36 cm. The logs, for example, two at the same time, can be set in a vertical orientation in the combustion chamber. In this alignment of the logs takes a quick burning from below. The nominal heat output is reduced. The burned out gases are then above the combustion chamber, their flames can be observed unhindered over the lens. However, the optically disturbing ash and ember bed is advantageously outside the field of view. Overall, therefore, an optimal combustion of Solid fuels achieved regardless of the size of the lens. The air supply is optimally adapted to a preferably small amount of solid fuel.

The inventively provided openings of the combustion chamber, through which combustion air can be guided into the interior of the combustion chamber, allow low-emission and complete combustion of the introduced solid fuels due to optimal air supply. It can be made an optimized low excess air, with a combustion air undersupply is excluded. The solid fuels can be burned to the fine ash completely, which also simplifies the ash removal from the stove.

In the combustion chamber is a combustion in the core gasification process. For example, the fuel is centered in the combustion chamber, is brought in this to the full extent to low-emission burnout. Embers or incineration residues can not fall out when refilling, and the lighting, filling, deashing and cleaning is simplified. Only a short warm-up phase without pre-fire and ember bed is required, it quickly sets a lively fire. It can also be provided that the fuel is arranged lying in the combustion chamber. For this case, the combustion chamber is formed, for example cuboid, they can be filled in this embodiment also from the side. The passage of the flames takes place again upwards.

According to a first development of the invention, it is provided that the free cross section of the apertures is variable. By changing the cross-sectional design, the amount of air that is fed into the combustion chamber can be adjusted.

Further openings are preferably formed as nozzle holes, which are arranged at different heights in the side walls of the combustion chamber. Through a nozzle, the air passing through something be accelerated so that it can flow into the middle of the combustion chamber. Arranging in mutually different heights allows for parallel introduction of air into mutually different levels of height in the chamber. The nozzle holes may for example be arranged circumferentially in the combustion chamber. By adding this secondary air in several levels better tuning for the outgassing fuel can be achieved. There are no dead spaces in the mixing of the secondary air with the outgassing fuel in the pyrolysis, since the combustion chamber is compact. The combustible gases are fully utilized by a final mixing with oxygen at the exit from the combustion chamber. The flammable gases exit from the combustion chamber below the door into the flame chamber behind the lens. A significant increase in flame intensity is the beneficial result. The secondary air is thus already added when leaving the combustible gases from the combustion chamber below the door. As a result, everything that is flammable is on fire. The intense flame play creates high temperatures, which lead to favorable low emission values.

According to a next development of the invention it is provided that the bottom of the combustion chamber is formed by a perforated grid. Ash can fall through this perforated grid, below the perforated grid can be provided for receiving the ash, a drawer or a similar receptacle. Through the perforated grate also an ignition of solid fuels is possible.

It is preferably provided that the side walls are composed of partially slotted wall bodies.

For further embodiment of the invention, it is also provided that the combustion chamber has a burn-through nozzle at its upper end. The solid fuels can first be introduced into the combustion chamber through the nozzle, burn these solid fuels, the flames pass through through the nozzle from the combustion chamber. It can be provided that the burn-through nozzle is inserted into the upper edge of the combustion chamber ring.

Fig. 1:

eine Seitenansicht eines Kaminofens zum Verbrennen von Festbrennstoffen,

Fig. 3:

eine perspektivische Teilansicht des Kaminofens gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 4:

eine maßstäbliche vergrößerte Ansicht der Einzelheit IV in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5:

ein Bauteil des Kaminofens nach Fig. 1, und

Fig. 6:

eine Schnittansicht des in den Kaminofen eingesetzten Bauteils nach Fig. 5.

An embodiment from which further inventive features result is shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1:

a side view of a stove for burning solid fuels,

3:

a partial perspective view of the stove according to Fig. 1 .

4:

a full scale view of detail IV in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5:

a component of the stove after Fig. 1 , and

Fig. 6:

a sectional view of the component inserted into the stove after Fig. 5 ,

The stove has a cylindrical contour. At its upper end, an exhaust port 1 is arranged. Below the exhaust nozzle 1, a flame chamber 2 is provided, this is equipped with an opening in the periphery of the stove, said opening can be closed by a hinged door 3. In the door 3, a lens 4 is inserted. Below the flame chamber 2, a hinged door 5 is inserted into the periphery of the stove.

Below the flame chamber 2, a combustion chamber 6 is inserted into the stove. The combustion chamber 6 is partially disposed below the plane of the lower edge of the door 3.

Below the combustion chamber 6, an ash box 7 is provided which in 3 and 4 is shown. The swing door 5 can be swung open, then the ash pan 7 can be removed from the stove. The ash pan 7 is still equipped with a receptacle 8 for a kindling. This receptacle 8 is formed in a profile shape, they can carry a coal lighter or the like, after inserting the ash box 7 in the stove this igniter is then arranged below the combustion chamber 6.

Fig. 6 clarifies the construction of the combustion chamber 6. In the lower area, a bottom flange 9 is provided which receives a perforated grid 10. Flames of the ignition aid, which is held in the receptacle 8, can thus protrude through the perforated grid 10 into the interior of the combustion chamber 6 and ignite there located Brenngut.

The side walls of the combustion chamber 6 are formed inside of partially slotted wall bodies 11. Through the slots further breakthroughs are provided, through which air can enter into the interior of the combustion chamber 6. The combustion chamber 6 has on the outside nor an intermediate casing 12 and a mantelumschließendes sheet 13, which carries an adjusting lever 14.

In the upper region of the combustion chamber 6, a burn-through nozzle 15 is provided.

Fig. 5 shows that through the outer components of the combustion chamber 6 openings 16, 17, 18 are provided, through which combustion air can enter into the interior of the combustion chamber 6. By a displacement of the jacket-enclosing metal sheet 13 on the intermediate casing 12, the width of these openings 16,17,18 is adjustable. The combustion chamber 6 is thus double-walled. Air first passes through the apertures 16,17,18 of the intermediate jacket 12 therethrough, then through the further openings in the wall bodies 11 therethrough.

In Fig. 6 is still shown that through the slotted wall body 11 combustion air can pass, the further openings are formed as nozzle holes and arranged in two planes within the combustion chamber 6. Air passing through is marked with arrows 19.

Claims (11)

Stove for burning solid fuel with at least one combustion chamber, which is bordered by stove walls, wherein in at least one stove wall, a door is arranged with a window and wherein in the combustion chamber a combustion chamber is received with side walls and a bottom,
characterized,
in that the combustion chamber (6) is arranged at least in sections below the plane of the lower edge of the door (3) and in the side walls of the combustion chamber (6) openings (16,17,18) are arranged, through which combustion air into the interior of the combustion chamber ( 6) is feasible. Stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the free cross section of the openings (16,17,18) is variable. Stove according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that further openings are formed as nozzle holes, which are arranged at different heights in the side walls of the combustion chamber (6). Stove according to claim 3, characterized in that the further nozzle holes in the combustion chamber (6) are arranged circumferentially. Stove according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom of the combustion chamber (6) is formed by a perforated grid (10). Stove according to claim 5, characterized in that an ash box (7) is arranged below the perforated grid (10) and that the ash box (7) is assigned at least one receptacle (8) for an ignition aid. Stove according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side walls are composed of sectionally slotted wall bodies (11). Stove according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber (6) is cylindrical. Stove according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the combustion chamber (6) is cuboidal. Stove according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber (6) has a burn-through nozzle (15) at its upper end. Stove according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the burn-through nozzle (15) is in the upper edge of the combustion chamber (6) inserted ring.

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