EP3765527A1 - Procédé de préparation de cellosaccharides à partir de cellulose - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation de cellosaccharides à partir de celluloseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3765527A1 EP3765527A1 EP19709063.2A EP19709063A EP3765527A1 EP 3765527 A1 EP3765527 A1 EP 3765527A1 EP 19709063 A EP19709063 A EP 19709063A EP 3765527 A1 EP3765527 A1 EP 3765527A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- cellopolysaccharides
- cellooligosaccharides
- chlorine dioxide
- pulp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing cellosaccharides by depolymerization of cellulose.
- Cellosaccharides are particularly useful as raw materials for the chemical industry. They have a higher added value than the cellulose itself.
- the cellosaccharides make it possible in particular to synthesize modified cellulose, for example cellulose esters or ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- the acetolysis of cellulose allows simultaneous hydrolysis and peracetylation of the cellulose chain.
- This method makes it possible to obtain yields of the same order as acid hydrolyses, but it requires an additional step of deacetylation. It has the same disadvantages of corrosivity, harmfulness and control as acid hydrolysis. Nevertheless, the oligosaccharide mixtures obtained are easier to purify.
- these processes generally comprise a step of mechanical grinding of the cellulose making it possible to reduce its crystallinity and to make it more accessible to the various depolymerization reagents used.
- This prior grinding step has the disadvantage of being expensive.
- Chlorine dioxide is used as a delignifying and whitening agent for lignocellulosic fibers.
- the purpose of this bleaching is to eliminate lignin (at the origin of the brown color) and the hemicelluloses, without modifying the cellulose chemically.
- chlorine dioxide does not react (or very weakly) on polysaccharides, and its selectivity towards lignin is unique in acidic medium.
- Chlorine dioxide is therefore used exclusively in acidic medium, and there is a prejudice to use it in other conditions that could lead to the degradation of cellulose, which is not sought in the paper industry.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing cellopolysaccharides comprising the steps of:
- the DPvi and DPvf being measured by viscometry at 25 ° C (according to Tappi T230 om-99).
- cellosaccharide also called cellodextrins
- cellopolysaccharide also called cellooligosaccharide
- cellooligosaccharide is meant that the degree of polymerization is greater than or equal to 2 (glucose is excluded) and less than 20 as measured by MALDITOF mass spectrometry.
- the cellooligosaccharides are solubilized in the aqueous solution at 20 ° C. obtained at the end of step b).
- cellopolysaccharide is meant that the degree of viscometric polymerization is greater than or equal to 20 and lower than that of the cellulose provided in step a).
- the cellopolysaccharides are not solubilized in the aqueous solution at 20 ° C obtained at the end of step b). They are in suspension.
- the cellulose provided in step a) is generally chosen from cellulose pulp, cotton, for example in the form of cotton linters, and microcrystalline cellulose, preferably cellulose pulp or cotton pulp, cellulosic pulp. papermaking being particularly preferred.
- any kind of paper pulp can be used. It can be obtained mechanically or chemically from virgin fibers (kraft process, sulfite, bisulphite, soda, by an organosolve process, ...), or from the recycling of recovered paper and paperboard.
- the pulp is preferably kraft paper pulp, especially bleached kraft pulp.
- the pulp is a suspension of lignocellulosic fibers in water, generally at a concentration of 20 to 400 grams, especially 50 to 300 grams, typically 50 to 150 grams of lignocellulosic fibers per liter of water.
- the consistency of the pulp (which corresponds to the percentage by weight of dry pulp in the aqueous suspension, that is to say the mass of dry cellulosic fibers in grams that contains 100 g of the suspension of cellulosic fibers) is generally between 0.5 and 40%, especially from 1 to 20%, for example between 5 and 15%.
- the paper stock may be unbleached or bleached (partially bleached or whitened).
- the process may comprise, prior to step a), a pulp bleaching step aO).
- a pulp bleaching step aO Any type of bleaching process known to those skilled in the art can be implemented.
- the pulp can be delignified by an oxygen stage or partially bleached by a TCF type sequence: OOQP, OZ, OZEop, OZEp, OZE ... or of the EOF type: Odeop, ODEp, ODE, ODEpDEp, or other types of partial bleaching sequence, for example those involving chelating, acidic or reducing stages.
- the bleaching is carried out by contacting the cellulose paper pulp with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide at a pH of less than 7 (that is to say the usual conditions for the bleaching of cellulosic pulp in industry paper).
- the pulp (unbleached, partially bleached or wholly bleached) provided in step a) preferably has a kappa number (oxidation potassium permanganate, standardized method according to ISO 302: 2015) between 40 and 0.1, more preferably between 5 and 0.1.
- This index makes it possible to evaluate the rate of oxidizable functions of the pulp, including mainly the residual lignin, as well as the demand for oxidizing bleaching reagent.
- the lower the kappa number the lower the level of lignin and the lower the amount of bleaching reagent to be used.
- the cellulose provided in step a) contains less than 0.5% by weight, or even less than 1% by weight of lignin.
- the process comprises a cellulose depolymerization step, namely the step b) of bringing the cellulose into contact with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide at a pH greater than or equal to 8.
- the cellulose is depolymerized into cellopolysaccharides with a mean degree of viscometric polymerization DPvf less than or equal to DPvi, and cellooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization DPo of between 2 and 20. More precisely, under the conditions of step b), cellopolysaccharides with a mean viscometric degree of polymerization DPvf less than 0.60 x DPvi are obtained.
- the degree of viscosimetric average polymerization DPvf of the suspended cellopolysaccharides is typically greater than or equal to 20, in particular it is greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 0.60 ⁇ DPvi, for example it is greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 0.50 x DPvi.
- cellooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization as measured by MALDITOF mass spectrometry (DPo below) of less than 20 are solubilized in the liquid phase.
- DPo degree of polymerization as measured by MALDITOF mass spectrometry
- Viscosimetry a standard method according to Tappi T230 om-99, is the usual method for evaluating the degree of polymerization of cellulose and of cellopolysaccharides.
- cellulose or cellopolysaccharides are dissolved in cupriethylenediamine (CuED), whereby a stable complex is formed.
- CuED cupriethylenediamine
- the DPvi and DPvf are measured by viscometry at 25 ° C. As the viscosimetric method is only applicable to solid cellulose samples, the measurement of the degree of DPo polymerization of the cellooligosaccharides, soluble in the liquid phase, was carried out by MALDITOF mass spectrometry.
- step b) is carried out by contacting the cellulose with an aqueous solution of pH greater than or equal to 8, and then adding chlorine dioxide, preferably an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide.
- the aqueous solution basic makes it possible to obtain a pH greater than or equal to 8 after addition of chlorine dioxide.
- the contacting of the cellulose with the chlorine dioxide takes place at pH greater than or equal to 8, whereas according to the conventional use of chlorine dioxide in pulp bleaching processes, this setting contact is carried out in acidic medium.
- the base is first brought into contact with the cellulose, and before introduction of chlorine dioxide.
- Step b) is carried out by contacting the cellulose with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide at a pH greater than or equal to 8, generally from 8.0 to 13.5, in particular from 9.0 to 13.0, of preferably from 10.0 to 12.5.
- the pH is adjusted by addition of a base, preferably chosen from alkali metal hydroxides; alkaline earth metal hydroxides; alkali metal oxides; alkaline earth metal oxides; alone or in mixture. It may especially be NaOH, MgO, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , KOH, etc., preferably NaOH.
- the weight percentage of chlorine dioxide relative to the dry cellulose mass is from 0.1 to 20%, especially from 1 to 15%, preferably from 2 to 12%. .
- cellulose mass is meant the dry mass of cellulose contacted at the beginning of step b).
- the amount of chlorine dioxide introduced is also generally expressed in the amount of active chlorine, according to the following formula:
- the quantity of active chlorine introduced is determined according to the nature of the cellulose used as starting material and the degree of polymerization of the desired cellosaccharides, that is to say the desired degree of viscosimetric polymerization DPvf for the cellopolysaccharides and the degree of DPo polymerization desired for the cellooligosaccharides.
- the amount of active chlorine introduced is between 0.26% and 52.6% by weight relative to the weight of the cellulose (dry, brought into contact at the beginning of step b).
- the contact time between the cellulose and the chlorine dioxide at pH greater than 8.0 is at least a few seconds, advantageously at least 10 seconds, especially at least one minute, preferably at least 10 minutes, and generally less than at 24 hours, especially less than 12 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, typically step b) lasts about one hour. It is adapted according to the degree of polymerization of the desired cellosaccharides.
- Step b) is generally carried out at a temperature greater than 5 ° C., or even greater than 15 ° C., in particular from 20 ° C. to 90 ° C., preferably from 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., for example 60 ° C. C at 80 ° C.
- Step b) is advantageously carried out with stirring in order to promote the depolymerization.
- the degree of viscosimetric polymerization DPvf of the cellopolysaccharides can (be) adapted (s) according to the wishes of the user depending on the conditions of step b) and the degree of polymerization viscosimetric means of the cellulose provided in step a).
- the degree of viscosimetric polymerization DPvf (and DPo) is (are) all the lower (s) as:
- the degree of viscosimetric average polymerization of the cellulose provided in step a) is low, and / or
- the duration of the contacting of step b) is important, and / or
- the quantity of chlorine dioxide brought into contact is high, and / or
- step b) the temperature during step b) is high, and / or
- step b) is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C for one hour with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide at pH from 9.0 to 13.0 at a mass concentration of chlorine dioxide relative to the cellulose mass of 4 to 8%.
- the method comprises a step c) of recovering the cellopolysaccharides suspended in the liquid phase, generally by filtration.
- This filtration may for example be carried out using a conventional fabric, such as existing industrial press filters already present in the pulp mill.
- step c) can be performed by centrifugation, but the filtration on canvas, as commonly practiced in pulp mills, is generally simpler to implement than centrifugation.
- the process may comprise one or more steps of washing the cellopolysaccharides recovered in step c), generally with water, optionally followed by a drying step.
- the cellopolysaccharides recovered in step c) therefore have a mean viscometric degree of polymerization DPvf of less than 0.60 x DPvi and generally greater than or equal to 20.
- the cellopolysaccharides recovered in step c) carry carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate functions, but in a small amount. These functions are created during oxidative depolymerization by chlorine dioxide.
- the amount of carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate functions of the cellopolysaccharides recovered in step c) is less than 0.20 millimoles per gram of cellopolysaccharides (as dry extract), ie less than 3.24 carboxyl functions per 100 units. anhydroglucose (monomer unit of the cellulosic chain), in other words there are fewer than 1.1 carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate functions per 100 R-OH alcohol groups present on the cellulosic chain.
- the content of carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate functions of the cellopolysaccharides can be determined by adsorption with methylene blue and then UV spectrometry.
- the mass distribution of the cellopolysaccharides recovered in step c) is advantageously narrow, that is to say that it has a dispersity D M of less than 3.0, typically of the order of 2 to 2.5 where the dispersity D M (also referred to as the dispersity index) is the ratio of the weight average molar mass to the number average molar mass of the cellopolysaccharides (the dispersity is 1 for a monomer, or for a polymer consisting of chains single length).
- the dispersity index is the ratio of the weight average molar mass to the number average molar mass of the cellopolysaccharides (the dispersity is 1 for a monomer, or for a polymer consisting of chains single length).
- the inventors assume that one of the explanations would be that in a basic aqueous medium, the cellulose swells better than in acidic medium and that more areas of the cellulosic matrix are thus accessible to be hydrolyzed. by chlorine dioxide. On the contrary, during a hydrolysis of the cellulose in an acidic aqueous medium, it is known that certain areas of the cellulose do not swell and remain crystalline, preventing access of the acid allowing the hydrolysis of these zones.
- the raw materials (cellulose, NaOH, chlorine dioxide, water) have a low cost.
- the process does not require a preliminary step of grinding the cellulose. He is usually exempt from such a step.
- DPvf cellopolysaccharide yields are good. They can reach more than 91% (weight of suspended cellopolysaccharides recovered relative to the initial weight of cellulose).
- the cellopolysaccharides (and the cellooligosaccharides) have a good purity.
- the combined action of the alkaline medium and chlorine dioxide generally eliminates the last traces of residual lignin and chromophores, and the other secondary residual compounds that can be found in trace amounts in cellulosic pulps ( saponifiable fats, fatty acids, pectins, proteins, soluble mineral matter, ).
- the cellulose and hemicellulose purity of the cellopolysaccharides is greater than 95%, especially greater than 98%, for example greater than 99%, generally close to 100% and the whiteness of the cellopolysaccharides is very high (greater than 90% ISO - measured according to ISO 2470-1: 2016).
- the molar mass distribution of the cellopolysaccharides and the DPO of the cellooligosaccharides are controlled.
- the method comprises a step d) of recovering the liquid phase.
- the process induces a relatively large formation of carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate functions in the liquid phase: typically greater than
- the acids of the liquid phase can be assayed by acid-base titration.
- the liquid phase recovered during step d) comprises in particular cellooligosaccharides, at least one organic acid and chlorite, which are valuable compounds. More precisely, it contains:
- organic acids in particular formic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid
- a base (the one that was used to adjust the pH during step b)).
- a first step the cellulose is hydrolysed into insoluble cellopolysaccharides in the medium and then into soluble molecules, cellooligosaccharides and small saccharides such as cellobiose.
- the saccharides are then degraded into glucose.
- Glucose is degraded to acids, such as lactic or acetic acids by dehydration of 1,6-anhydroglucose, and levulinic or formic acids by dehydration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
- liquid phase recovered in step d) comprises, in dry extract:
- the process comprises, after step d), a step e) of recovering cellooligosaccharides from the liquid phase.
- These cellooligosaccharides have a DPo degree of polymerization of less than 20, generally from 2 to 1 1.
- This recovery of the cellooligosaccharides of degree of polymerization DPo less than 20 from the liquid phase can be carried out by acidification of the liquid phase with a pH lower than or equal to 8 (by addition of an acid, for example of H 2 SO 4 ) then separation by steric exclusion chromatography or by ultrafiltration.
- Cellooligosaccharides of low degree of polymerization are recoverable in the chemical industry.
- Cellooligosaccharides of degree of polymerization DPo of 3 or 4 may for example serve as substrates for assaying the cellulase activity and perform biochemical characterizations, those with a degree of polymerization of 7 to 9 are useful for their elicitrices activities on the vine, and those of degree of polymerization of 2 to 20 are useful as precursors of fermentable substrates and as prebiotics.
- the process may also comprise, after step d), a step f) of recovering the formic acid from the liquid phase.
- Formic acid is a commodity of the chemical industry. It is particularly used in the textile and leather industries, in electroplating and for the formulation of insecticides, lacquers, solvents and household products as a substitute for mineral acids ("anti-limescale"). In the diluted state, it is used in human food (food additive E236).
- Formic acid is also a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. In the poultry industry, it is sometimes added to the diet to destroy Escherichia coli. Beekeepers use formic acid as an acaricide.
- formic acid is a potential dihydrogen carrier for the fuel cell feed.
- the process may also comprise, after step d), a step g) of recovering chlorite from the liquid phase.
- Chlorite can for example be used as an oxidizing agent active in step aO) pulp bleaching, and therefore in the chain of conventional bleaching of the pulp mill (main line). If it is necessary to neutralize it to regenerate chlorine dioxide, use sulfuric acid already present on site (chlorine dioxide generator effluent), or a conventional stage filtration effluent with chlorine dioxide. chlorine (acid medium) from the main bleaching line.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented in quasi-closed circuit, for water as for minerals, and the need for additional chlorine dioxide is negligible compared to the flow consumed by the main line of bleaching in the factory.
- the effluents from the depolymerization processes of the prior art require treatments.
- the effluents resulting from an acidic depolymerization are very acidic and must be neutralized, and those obtained by enzymatic depolymerization are biochemically active, which requires subsequent treatment.
- FIG. 1 Distributions of molar masses M (g / mol) of cotton linters (starting material - curve 1) and of the cellopolysaccharides obtained by implementing step b) in FIG.
- step b abundance of the cellooligosaccharides as a function of their degree of polymerization DPo measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry when step b) was carried out at 90 ° C., and at an IC 2 concentration of 2% (triangles), 6% (round) or 12% (squares) for a duration of one hour (example 2).
- FIG. 3 Abundance of cellooligosaccharides as a function of their degree of polymerization DPo measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry when step b) was carried out at 30 ° C. (triangles), 70 ° C. (round) or 90 ° C. ( squares), and at a concentration of ClO 2 of 6% for a period of one hour (Example 2).
- FIG. 4 Abundance of cellooligosaccharides as a function of their degree of polymerization DPo measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry when step b) was carried out at 30 ° C. (triangles), 70 ° C. (round) or 90 ° C. ( squared), and at an IC 2 concentration of 2% for a period of one hour (Example 2).
- Celsur bleached cotton linters in the form of fibers having a solids content of 93.65% (Example 1) or 93.40% (Example 2) were used as starting cellulose.
- the chlorine dioxide solution used was produced by reaction between sodium chlorite, NaClO 2 (Roth supplier, purity greater than 80%) and sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 , followed by absorption of the gas in deionized water.
- the IC0 2 concentration of the solution determined by titration of the chlorinated compounds by an iodometric method, was 6 to 8 g / L.
- a phosphate buffer solution containing sodium hydrogen phosphate, Na 2 HPO 4 (Roth supplier, purity greater than 98%).
- a phosphate buffer solution containing potassium hydrogen phosphate, K 2 HPO 4 (Sigma Aldrich supplier, purity greater than 99%).
- DMAc Diamethylacetamide solution
- Lithium chloride LiCl
- LiCl LiCl
- phenylisocyanate C 6 H 5 NCO
- a barbital buffer solution prepared from Fluka's 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid solution with purity greater than 99%.
- the water was deionized water.
- Cotton linters were immersed in distilled water for 12 hours to swell the fibers and then defibrated in a disintegrator at 1200 rpm.
- Step b) was carried out in polyethylene bags immersed in a thermostated bath and using:
- the temperature of the thermostated bath was 30, 70 or 90 ° C and the duration of the contacting of one hour.
- the pH, controlled before contacting and after the time of contacting, was of the order of 11 to 12.
- step b the medium was filtered on a filter funnel provided with a sintered glass filter of porosity index No. 2 (step c)).
- the solid residue remaining on the filter funnel was washed with distilled water to neutral pH and total elimination of chlorinated species, dried in the open air and weighed.
- the mass recovery yield of the solid residue was determined after determination of its dry matter content.
- the average degree of polymerization of the cellopolysaccharides was determined by viscometry at 25 ° C., based on the intrinsic viscosity of a solution of the cellopolysaccharides in a 1: 1 (v / v) CuED / water mixture, that is, that is, at a final concentration of 0.5 mol / L in Cu and 1 mol / L in ED, as provided by Tappi T230 om-99.
- DPv was measured according to the Tappi T230 om-99 method.
- the average molar masses by weight, Mw, and by number, Mn were determined by steric exclusion chromatography from cellopolysaccharides derivatives in the form of cellulose tricarbanilate (according to the method described in MORTHA G., MARCON J., DALLERAC D., MARLIN N., VALLEY C., CHARON N., THE MASLE A., Depolymerization of cellulose during cold acidic chlorite treatment, Holzaba, 2015, 69 (6), 731-736). The results are provided in Table 3.
- the depolymerization (DPvf / DPvi) of the cellulose of cotton linters is important, even at low temperature (30 ° C.) and / or at low levels of IC0 2 (2%),
- the content of carboxylic acid groups of the cellulose used before the process and of the cellopolysaccharides obtained at the end of the process (filtered obtained in step c)) was determined by adsorption with methylene blue using a UV spectrophotometer ( UV-1800 Shimadzu UV) at 664 nm (according to the method described in Davidson GF, "The acidic properties of cotton cellulose and derived oxy celluloses.” Part II, The absorption of methylene blue, Journal of Textile Institute 39, pp. T65-86 1948).
- the concentration of carboxylic acid groups was expressed in mmol / g of cellulose starting point (mass expressed in dry matter).
- the carboxyl content of the starting cellulose was measured at 0.046 mmol / g of cellulose (expressed as dry matter).
- the total carboxylic acid content in the filtrate recovered in step e) was analyzed by conductimetric assay. The measurement was carried out on 20 ml of filtrate diluted to 50 ml with distilled water with 0.02 M HCl. The total acid content was determined from the conductivity curve and compared to the carboxylic acid content. in the cellopolysaccharides recovered at the end of step c).
- the process enriches the solid phase with carboxylic acids by a factor between 2.8 and 4.4
- the crystallinity of the cellulose and of the cellopolysaccharides (filtered solid recovered in step c)) was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the samples were placed in a cell of 200 ⁇ m depth and measurements were made with a PANanalytical, X'Pert PRO MPD diffractometer equipped with a detector X'Celerator 1 D.
- the operating conditions of the refractometer were: copper Ka radiation (1 , 5418A), (Bragg angle) between 5 and 56 °, not 0.067 °.
- Cotton linters were immersed in distilled water for 12 hours to swell the fibers and then defibrated in a disintegrator at 1200 rpm.
- Step b) was carried out in polyethylene bags immersed in a thermostated bath and using:
- the temperature of the thermostated bath was 30, 70 or 90 ° C and the duration of the contacting of one hour.
- the pH, controlled before contacting and after the time of contacting, was of the order of 1 1 to 13.
- step b the medium was filtered on a filter funnel equipped with a sintered glass filter of porosity No. 2 (step c)).
- This first filtrate containing the cellooligosaccharides in solution, is recovered for analysis.
- the solid residue remaining on the filter funnel was washed with distilled water to neutral pH and total elimination of the chlorinated species, then dried in the open air and weighed.
- Size exclusion chromatography was used to remove the inorganic fraction, in salt form, present before analysis of the organic compounds.
- the chromatography system was equipped with a Tosoh HW40 column (100 x 6 cm) for the purification of cellooligosaccharides and a refractometric detector for the detection of eluted products.
- a solution of 0.1 M ammonium carbonate was used as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.8 ml / min and the analyzes were carried out at room temperature by injecting 7 ml of filtrate adjusted to pH 8 with H 2 SO 4. at 72%.
- Size exclusion chromatography was used to fractionate the organic compounds after removing the inorganics from the filtrates as described above.
- Purified filtrates were injected onto three GE Heathlcare Superdex-30 Hiload 26/600 columns (60 x 26 cm) followed by a refractometric detector.
- the 0.1 M ammonium carbonate was used as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.2 mL / min.
- the analyzes were carried out at room temperature using 1 mL of purified filtrate.
- MALDI-TOF assays were performed to identify the cellooligosaccharides contained in the purified filtrates using an Applied Biosystems Voyager-DETM STR Biospectrometry TM workstation.
- a solution of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) in 30% trifluoroacetic acid was used as a template. All analyzes were performed in positive mode.
- HPAEC high performance anion exchange
- the filtrates were subjected to a post-hydrolysis process. Each sample was treated with a solution of H 2 SO 4 to 72% using a sample ratio / H 2 SO 4 : 5/1 (v / v) at 120 ° C for 60 min. After the post-hydrolysis, the samples were injected into the HPAEC system for quantification.
- step b the content of chlorinated mineral compounds in the filtrate was analyzed by iodometric assay and is provided in Table 6.
- Table 6 contents of chlorinated mineral compounds present in the filtrate for initial concentrations of IC0 2 of 1, 23.10 2 , 3.70 ⁇ 10 2 and 7.41 .10 2 M corresponding to 2, 6 and 12% of IC0 2 applied.
- the final concentration of CI0 2 is low (10 3 - 10 4 M). Almost all chlorine dioxide is consumed during the reaction. On the other hand, the consumption of residual chlorite reaches 50% of the amount of initial chlorine dioxide in some cases.
- step e Separation of the cellooligosaccharides recovered in step e) (in the filtrate), quantification and analysis of their DP.
- the filtrate was purified by purifying steric exclusion chromatography in order to remove the large quantity of salts present (CI0 3 , ClO 2 , NaOH, and then the mineral acids added to adjust the pH for the purposes of the chromatography).
- the samples were concentrated and injected into the chromatograph using an ammonium carbonate solution as eluent. 3 fractions were collected.
- the one with the lowest retention time (F1) comprising cellooligosaccharides up to glucose, and the other two corresponding to higher retention times were composed of salts and acids (F2 and F3).
- F1 sample was injected in separative steric exclusion chromatography.
- fraction F1 contained more cellooligosaccharides than glucose.
- Figures 2 to 4 illustrate the influence of the conditions of step b) on the degree of polymerization of the cellooligosaccharides obtained.
- Figure 2 shows the results when step b) was performed at high temperature (90 ° C).
- step b) was carried out at high temperature (90 ° C).
- step b) was carried out at high temperature (90 ° C) and with low proportions of IC0 2 (2%), low DP cellooligosaccharides (2-7) were obtained, probably because the cellulose was only partially hydrolysed.
- Figures 2 and 3 show the variation of the DPs of the cellooligosaccharides at a fixed proportion of IC0 2 , by varying the temperature. Even the mildest conditions (2% CI0 2 , 30 ° C) led to many DP cellooligosaccharides of 2 to 1 1. An increase in temperature to the same proportion of IC0 2 (70 ° C, 2% CI0 2 ) caused an increase in the abundance of cellooligosaccharides, but at the highest temperature (90 ° C, 2% CI0 2 ), cellooligosaccharide degradation occurred.
- Glucose and cellobiose concentrations were determined by HPAEC. According to the MALDI-TOF analyzes, only the samples resulting from the experiments in which step b) was carried out at 70 ° C., 2% CI0 2 , or 30 ° C., 2% CI0 2 contained cellobiose, but a concentration too low to be detected by HPAEC.
- Glucose was present in all samples at 5-16 mg / L
- low molecular weight compounds lactic acid, levulinic acid, acetic and formic acid, furfural, HMF, ethanol
- Table 7 Concentration (mg / L) of low molecular weight organic compounds in the filtrate (lanes 3 to 8), compared with the total organic material extracted from the fibers (lane 9).
- HPLC measurements show that the most severe operating conditions (90 ° C, 12 or 6% of IC0 2 ) make it possible to produce the filtrates which are the most highly concentrated in total organic compounds of low molecular weight. Moreover, glucose is present in all the filtrates at a content of 5 to 16 mg / L, but its concentration is much lower than that of the other organic compounds assayed.
- the predominantly low molecular weight organic compounds are formic acid and cellooligosaccharides.
- the proportion of cellooligosaccharides present in the filtrate is in this example between 20 and 40%.
- the highest proportions were obtained for median operating conditions (70 ° C, 2% CI0 2 , or 70 ° C, 6% CI0 2 ).
- cellulose and cellooligosaccharides would be degraded mainly glucose and acids.
- the production of cellooligosaccharides is less favored compared to the production of organic acids.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1852159A FR3078971B1 (fr) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Procede de preparation de cellosaccharides a partir de cellulose |
| PCT/EP2019/056141 WO2019175159A1 (fr) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-03-12 | Procédé de préparation de cellosaccharides à partir de cellulose |
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| EP3765527A1 true EP3765527A1 (fr) | 2021-01-20 |
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| EP19709063.2A Withdrawn EP3765527A1 (fr) | 2018-03-13 | 2019-03-12 | Procédé de préparation de cellosaccharides à partir de cellulose |
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| FR (1) | FR3078971B1 (fr) |
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| WO2014195971A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-11 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Synthèse de carboxycelluloses nanostructurées à partir de cellulose ne dérivant pas du bois |
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| US2129719A (en) * | 1937-09-13 | 1938-09-13 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Bleaching method |
| RU2163945C1 (ru) * | 2000-07-26 | 2001-03-10 | Институт химии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН | Способ получения микрокристаллической целлюлозы |
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2018
- 2018-03-13 FR FR1852159A patent/FR3078971B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2019
- 2019-03-12 WO PCT/EP2019/056141 patent/WO2019175159A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-03-12 EP EP19709063.2A patent/EP3765527A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014195971A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-11 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Synthèse de carboxycelluloses nanostructurées à partir de cellulose ne dérivant pas du bois |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3078971A1 (fr) | 2019-09-20 |
| FR3078971B1 (fr) | 2020-12-18 |
| WO2019175159A1 (fr) | 2019-09-19 |
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