EP3754255B1 - Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial - Google Patents

Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3754255B1
EP3754255B1 EP19180989.6A EP19180989A EP3754255B1 EP 3754255 B1 EP3754255 B1 EP 3754255B1 EP 19180989 A EP19180989 A EP 19180989A EP 3754255 B1 EP3754255 B1 EP 3754255B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid material
combustion
superheated steam
feed shaft
incineration plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19180989.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3754255A1 (de
Inventor
Ferdinand Krüll
Käthe KARPINSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Lentjes GmbH filed Critical Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority to PL19180989T priority Critical patent/PL3754255T3/pl
Priority to DK19180989.6T priority patent/DK3754255T3/da
Priority to EP19180989.6A priority patent/EP3754255B1/de
Priority to TW109118560A priority patent/TW202102800A/zh
Priority to KR1020217040902A priority patent/KR20220008325A/ko
Priority to PCT/EP2020/065922 priority patent/WO2020254144A1/en
Publication of EP3754255A1 publication Critical patent/EP3754255A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3754255B1 publication Critical patent/EP3754255B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F23G5/05—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying using drying grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/10—Stoker grate furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2700/00—Grates characterised by special features or applications
    • F23H2700/009—Grates specially adapted for incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incineration plant for solid material such as waste or biomass, the incineration plant having a combustion material inlet through which solid material can be introduced, a feed shaft in which the solid material is introduced and which leads to a combustion chamber in which the solid material is combusted, a combustion grate with which the solid material and combusted solid material can be conveyed through the combustion chamber, a primary air supply below the top of the combustion grate.
  • the combustion grate is usually arranged within a lower section of the combustion chamber.
  • the solid material and combusted solid material can be conveyed by the combustion grate through the combustion chamber from an end of the combustion material feed shaft to a slag container.
  • Primary air is supplied from below the combustion grate to the solid material arranged on the combustion grate, so that the solid material arranged on the combustion grate is combusted with the primary air.
  • the combustion grate is preferably embodied as reciprocating grate, but it is also possible that the combustion grate is embodied in a different way, for example as vibrating grate or roller grate.
  • nozzles may be arranged above the combustion grate with which secondary air, tertiary air for afterburning or an oxygen poor carrier gas can be provided to the combustion gases.
  • At least one empty pass may be arranged downstream of the combustion chamber extending vertically or horizontally, wherein the flue gases flow from the combustion chamber through the at least one empty pass to a heat recovery steam generator.
  • two, three or more parallel empty passes may be embodied.
  • the heat recovery steam generator downstream of the empty pass may be arranged (in sections) vertically and/or horizontally, wherein also an oblique orientation is possible.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber, the empty pass(es) and the heat generator are usually equipped with heat exchangers (i.e. tubes), wherein the heat exchange medium of the heat exchangers is in particular provided to one common boiler drum.
  • a flue gas purification device downstream of the heat recovery steam generator may comprise elements for dedusting, scrubbing and/or desulfurization (such as SCR or SNCR) of the flue gas.
  • a chimney may be arranged downstream of the flue gas purification device.
  • FR 1 417 423 A discloses an incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein hot gases are used to dry the solid material prior to its combustion.
  • a dehumidifying medium supply is embodied with which a dehumidifying medium can be supplied to the solid material prior to the combustion, and in that the dehumidifying medium supply is connected to a source of superheated steam.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for operating an incineration plant, in particular for operating an inventive incineration plant, comprising the following steps:
  • the invention suggests that superheated (water) steam is used to dehumidify (dry) the solid material introduced through the combustion material inlet.
  • the superheated steam has a temperature between 101°C and 500°C at a pressure of 1bar.
  • the superheated steam has a comparatively high diffusion coefficient regarding the provided solid material (i.e. waste or biomass), a highly effective dehumidifying/drying of the solid material is possible without providing oxygen or other gases influencing the following combustion.
  • the superheated steam is provided at one or multiple locations in such a way that the superheated steam contacts the solid material prior to its combustion.
  • the dehumidifying medium supply may be arranged at least partly within a wall of the feed shaft, so that the superheated steam is provided directly into the feed shaft, so that the solid material which advances through the feed shaft is directly contacted with the superheated steam.
  • the superheated steam may be provided at multiple locations along the feed shaft.
  • the superheated steam may be provided from one or more sides of the feed shaft. Accordingly, the multiple dehumidifying medium supplies are arranged above each other and/or on different side walls of the feed shaft.
  • the superheated steam is provided at the end/bottom of the preferably vertically arranged feed shaft, so that the provided superheated steam is provided in a kind of counter flow to the solid material introduced into the feed shaft.
  • the superheated steam is provided near (in particular above or below) a pusher at the bottom/end of the feed shaft, which is arranged next to the combustion grate.
  • a pusher is usually arranged in such a way, that the solid material guided through the feed shaft can be pushed onto the combustion grate.
  • the superheated steam is provided from below a first section and/or a second section of the combustion grate, wherein the dehumidifying medium supply below the first and/or second section of the combustion grate is preferably also arranged below the feed shaft.
  • the solid material already arranged on the combustion grate can be (further) dehumidified, wherein the excess superheated steam is further used for dehumidifying within the feed shaft.
  • the dehumidifying medium supply may be embodied as pipe with one or multiple outlet(s) through which the superheated steam is supplied.
  • the pipe is at least indirectly connected to the source for the superheated steam.
  • the outlet(s) may be embodied as nozzle in order to provide a desired flow behavior of the provided superheated steam.
  • the source of superheated steam may be a steam turbine, from which at least slightly overheated steam is withdrawn (German: Abzapfdampf).
  • the air cooled combustion grate may be connected to a heat exchanger so that the air heated in the combustion grate is used for heating/superheated water/steam.
  • the thermal energy absorbed by the water within the combustion grate may be used to provide/produce the superheated steam preferably directly.
  • the thermal energy of the cooling medium may be provided to a superheater (heat exchanger) in order to heat/superheat the water/steam to be used to dehumidify the solid material.
  • a sensor for measuring the humidity of the solid material is embodied.
  • a sensor may be arranged at the combustion material inlet in order to measure the initial humidity of the provided solid material.
  • a sensor may be arranged at the end/bottom of the feed shaft in order to measure the humidity of the solid material at the front of the combustion grate.
  • the difference between a first humidity at a first location and a second humidity at a second location is used in order to control the amount of provided superheated steam.
  • control unit is provided in order to operate the incineration plant according to the suggested method.
  • the incineration plant for waste (as the to be combusted solid material) comprises a material inlet 1, a feed shaft 2 guiding the provided waste to a combustion chamber 3.
  • a combustion grate 4 is arranged, with which the solid material and combusted solid material can be conveyed from the bottom of the feed shaft 2 to an outlet.
  • primary air supplies 5 are arranged below the combustion grate 4.
  • a pusher 9 is arranged below the feed shaft 2, wherein the pusher 9 is used to push the solid material onto the combustion grate 4.
  • the combustion grate 4 is water cooled and connected to a source 7 of superheated steam.
  • the superheated steam generated with the thermal energy derived from the combustion grate 4 is provided to dehumidifying medium supplies 6, which are arranged in a wall 8 of the feed shaft 2, above the pusher 9 and below a first section of the combustion grate 4.
  • a sensor 10 is arranged at the material inlet 1, with which the humidity of the provided waste can be measured. It is also possible that an additional sensor is arranged below the feed shaft 2, so that a difference between the humidity of the provided waste and the dehumidified waste prior to its combustion can be measured in order to control the amount of superheated steam to be supplied at least indirectly into the feed shaft 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verbrennungsanlage für Festmaterial, aufweisend
    - einen Verbrennungsmaterialeinlass (1), durch den Festmaterial eingeführt werden kann,
    - einen Zuführschacht (2), in den das Festmaterial eingeführt wird und der zu
    - einer Brennkammer (3) führt, in der das Festmaterial verbrannt wird,
    - einen Verbrennungsrost (4), mit dem das Festmaterial und das verbrannte Festmaterial durch die Brennkammer (3) befördert werden können,
    - eine Primärluftzufuhr (5) unterhalb der Oberseite des Verbrennungsrostes (4),
    - wobei mindestens eine Entfeuchtungsmediumzuführung (6) ausgeführt ist, mit der dem Festmaterial vor der Verbrennung ein Entfeuchtungsmedium zugeführt werden kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Verbrennungsanlage eine Quelle (7) für überhitzten Dampf umfasst und dass die Entfeuchtungsmediumzuführung (6) mit der Quelle (7) für überhitzten Dampf verbunden ist.
  2. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Entfeuchtungsmediumzuführung (6) innerhalb einer Wand (8) des Zuführschachtes (2) angeordnet ist.
  3. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 und 2, wobei die Entfeuchtungsmediumzuführung (6) unterhalb oder oberhalb eines unterhalb des Zuführschachtes (2) angeordneten Schiebers (9) angeordnet ist.
  4. Verbrennungsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Entfeuchtungsmediumzuführung (6) unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes (4) in einem Bereich unterhalb des Zuführschachtes (2) angeordnet ist.
  5. Verbrennungsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verbrennungsrost (4) eine Kühleinrichtung umfasst, wobei die Kühleinrichtung mit der Quelle (7) für überhitzten Dampf verbunden ist.
  6. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 5, wobei ein Wärmetauscher zur Erzeugung des überhitzten Dampfes ausgeführt ist.
  7. Verbrennungsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein Sensor (10) zur Messung der Feuchte des Festmaterials ausgeführt ist.
  8. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbrennungsanlage, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Einführen von Festmaterial durch einen Brennmaterialeinlass (1) in einen Zuführschacht (2),
    - Führen des Festmaterials durch den Zuführschacht (2) zu einer Brennkammer (3),
    - Verbrennen des Festmaterials in der Brennkammer (3),
    - Befördern des Festmaterials und des verbrannten Festmaterials auf einem Verbrennungsrost (4) durch die Brennkammer (3),
    - Entfeuchten des Festmaterials vor der Verbrennung durch Zuführung von überhitzten Dampf zum Festmaterial.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der überhitzte Dampf in den Zuführschacht (2) zugeführt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 oder 9, wobei der überhitzte Dampf von unterhalb oder von oberhalb eines Schiebers (9) unterhalb des Zuführschachtes (2) zugeführt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei der überhitzte Dampf von unterhalb des Verbrennungsrostes (4) in einen Bereich unterhalb des Zuführschachtes (2) zugeführt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 11, wobei der Verbrennungsrost (4) durch ein Kühlmedium gekühlt wird und wobei die Wärmeenergie, die durch das Kühlmedium innerhalb des Verbrennungsrostes (4) absorbiert wird, zur Bereitstellung des überhitzten Dampfes verwendet wird.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 12, wobei die Feuchte des Festmaterials gemessen wird und die gemessene Feuchte zur Steuerung der Zuführung des überhitzten Dampfes verwendet wird.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 13, wobei der zugeführte überhitzte Dampf eine Temperatur zwischen 101 °C und 500 °C aufweist.
EP19180989.6A 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial Active EP3754255B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL19180989T PL3754255T3 (pl) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Spalarnia materiału stałego
DK19180989.6T DK3754255T3 (da) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Forbrændingsanlæg til fast materiale
EP19180989.6A EP3754255B1 (de) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial
TW109118560A TW202102800A (zh) 2019-06-18 2020-06-03 固體材料之焚化廠
KR1020217040902A KR20220008325A (ko) 2019-06-18 2020-06-09 고형물 소각설비
PCT/EP2020/065922 WO2020254144A1 (en) 2019-06-18 2020-06-09 Incineration plant for solid material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19180989.6A EP3754255B1 (de) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3754255A1 EP3754255A1 (de) 2020-12-23
EP3754255B1 true EP3754255B1 (de) 2021-06-16

Family

ID=66998202

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19180989.6A Active EP3754255B1 (de) 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 Verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3754255B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20220008325A (de)
DK (1) DK3754255T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3754255T3 (de)
TW (1) TW202102800A (de)
WO (1) WO2020254144A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112664954B (zh) * 2020-12-26 2023-08-22 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧炉炉排的热膨胀补偿装置及其安装方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1417423A (fr) * 1964-11-10 1965-11-12 Von Roll Ag Procédé et four avec foyer à grille pour l'incinération des boues d'égout
WO2009038103A1 (ja) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Biomass Energy Corporation バイオマスからの高温燃焼ガス発生装置及び燃焼ガスの利用装置
FR2962190A1 (fr) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-06 Jean Marie Gabriel Charles Lucas Procede et installations pour le mettre en oeuvre de valorisation energetique et incineration des ordures menageres ou autres dechets humides, utilisant un sechage a la vapeur surchauffee

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20220008325A (ko) 2022-01-20
TW202102800A (zh) 2021-01-16
PL3754255T3 (pl) 2021-11-02
EP3754255A1 (de) 2020-12-23
WO2020254144A1 (en) 2020-12-24
DK3754255T3 (da) 2021-08-23

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