EP3752302A1 - Dünnwandige hohlräder mit innen- und aussenverzahnung sowie vorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Dünnwandige hohlräder mit innen- und aussenverzahnung sowie vorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3752302A1 EP3752302A1 EP19705746.6A EP19705746A EP3752302A1 EP 3752302 A1 EP3752302 A1 EP 3752302A1 EP 19705746 A EP19705746 A EP 19705746A EP 3752302 A1 EP3752302 A1 EP 3752302A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- toothing
- internal
- longitudinal axis
- workpiece
- teeth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
- B21H5/025—Internally geared wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
- B21D53/28—Making other particular articles wheels or the like gear wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/025—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49462—Gear making
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of generating impeller gears in ring gears and more particularly to corresponding internal gears.
- Impeller gears and in particular involute gears find application in gear drives and in particular in planetary gears, for example in those of automatic transmissions for automobiles, but also in other areas of vehicle construction and mechanical engineering.
- the invention relates to methods, devices and uses according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- splines also known as "splines" cold forming can be created by an externally profiled mandrel is introduced into a hollow cylindrical workpiece and then corresponding to the profiling of the dome
- a corresponding ring gear and a device for generating corresponding ring gears are to be created.
- a use of the device and a planetary gear and a method for producing a planetary gear and a Hohlradbauteil be created.
- Impeller toothing is. Moreover, he has developed a way to produce such ring gears economically and yet with high accuracy.
- Tooth heads of the internal toothing a material thickness of the ring gear may be provided, which is significantly lower than it would be the case if the ring gear outside the shape of a (toothless) cylindrical surface described.
- the ring gear thus has a relation to the known from the prior art internally impeller-toothed and external rotationally symmetrical, unprofiled ring gears significantly reduced material strength, so that the weight of the ring gear is significantly reduced. Nevertheless, a dimensional stability which is sufficient for a planned use can be achieved.
- Embossing tool have calibration areas, which simultaneously limit a flow of material radially inwardly, so that a next to a tooth gap of the internal toothing forming tooth head radially does not protrude too far inward.
- the circumferential positions of the teeth of the internal teeth and the tooth gaps of the external teeth are the same. And the circumferential positions of the tooth gaps of the internal teeth and the teeth of the external teeth are also the same.
- Another object of the invention is to provide ring gears of particularly low weight.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a very economical manufacturing method for ring gears with an internal impeller toothing and
- Another object of the invention is to provide novel transmissions, particularly novel planetary transmissions.
- Internal gear is an impeller toothing, and wherein a workpiece is processed by at least one embossing tool.
- the workpiece may have a tubular portion with a longitudinal axis. This can have a round (circular) cross-section. Accordingly, the tubular portion may have cylinder symmetry, and in particular
- the said synchronization is designed such that the at least one
- Embossing tool forms the tubular portion for generating the external toothing while simultaneously generating the internal toothing by repeated hammering machining of the tubular portion in the female toothing.
- the method makes it possible to produce impeller gears of quality 8 or 7 or under certain circumstances 6 according to DIN 3961 / DIN 3962. And this in a very economical way, for example because very short processing times are possible. And further can be assumed relatively inexpensive material, because by the described cold forming the material properties are improved.
- the material can be given a higher strength.
- the embossing tool can repeat the tubular section on such a
- Circumferential positions (where the internal female teeth tooth spaces has) are formed. And at the same tooth gaps of the external teeth and teeth of the internal teeth can be formed, and at intermediate circumferential positions at which the internal female teeth has teeth.
- Edit rotational movement in which the workpiece is at least momentarily stationary may be an intermittent rotation, and the stamping tool processes the workpiece in phases of
- the workpiece and the die are aligned with each other at least substantially coaxially and (at least substantially) aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis.
- Matrizenver leopardung corresponds.
- the internal toothing is formed whose flank shapes correspond to a negative of flank shapes of the embossing tool, and whose tooth root shape corresponds to a negative of a tool head shape of the embossing tool.
- the workpiece is hammered by the embossing tool. It can be processed periodically by the radially oscillating hammering movement of the embossing tool.
- the internal and external teeth can be formed successively.
- the tooth gaps of the internal toothing become progressively deeper (due to the increasing number of hammering interventions per tooth gap of the internal toothing) with time, and at the same time the teeth of the external toothing become ever higher.
- the workpiece is hardened after creating the teeth by the action of heat. Due to the cold forming processing by means of the embossing tool is a hardening distortion, which is subject to a ring gear at a curing by heat, significantly lower than a ring gear in which the impeller toothing was machined.
- the workpiece is typically made of metal, for example of a steel, for example of alloyed tempering steel (typically at least 0.3%).
- a material thickness of the workpiece in the tubular portion is less than twice, more preferably less than 1.5 times, a gearing depth of the internal teeth.
- a material thickness of the workpiece in the tubular portion is at least 0.2 times, more preferably at least a quarter of a
- the at least one embossing tool has an effective region which has a tool head and two adjacent tool edges.
- the shape of the flanks of the internal toothing is determined by the tool flanks.
- the shape of the toothed feet of the internal toothing is determined by the tool head.
- the effective region may have a shape that is a negative of a shape of a tooth gap of the internal teeth, or more specifically, a negative of a shape of a tooth root including the adjacent tooth flanks of the internal teeth.
- the at least one embossing tool can have two calibration regions each adjacent to one of the two tool flanks. Their shape may each be a negative of a shape of a portion of a tooth tip of the internal teeth.
- Internal toothing has a longitudinal crowning.
- the tool flanks have a concavity. Specifically, this is a concavity relative to the shape of tool flanks formed to form the same internal gear without longitudinal crowning.
- the internal toothing is a spur toothing
- the embossing tool (and more precisely: the effective range of the embossing tool) in a running through the tool flanks cut, which is perpendicular to a plane extending centrally between the tool flanks, at both
- the generated internal toothing has a corresponding convexity: the longitudinal crowning.
- the ring gears described here are thin-walled. This allows large mechanical loads in these ring gears rather lead to elastic deformations, as would be the case with thick-walled ring gears of the same residual wall thickness.
- the said longitudinal crowning can be provided. Edge bearers can be avoided in this way; a well-defined contact of an externally toothed wheel running in the ring gear, for example, substantially in the middle of the toothed by the internal toothing length, can be ensured.
- the embossing tool can be at least as long as in the course of the tool head (corresponding to the toothing direction, ie the direction of the tooth gaps of the internal toothing), in particular even longer than the tooth gaps of the impeller toothing.
- this refers to the effective range of the
- Embossing tool where indeed the embossing tool engages the workpiece, so comes with this in (transforming) contact.
- This can help to ensure that the impeller toothing is created with great precision over its entire length.
- the process can be particularly economical.
- it may be easier to produce the above-described longitudinal crowning of the internal teeth, namely, by using an embossing tool and in each of the hammering operations over the entire tooth length of the internal teeth with the workpiece in forming contact, the above-described concavity of the
- Embossing tool a progressing in the direction of toothing training of the internal and external teeth causes until a predetermined toothed length is reached.
- the at least one embossing tool and the workpiece are moved in the axial direction relative to each other.
- the relative movement of the workpiece and embossing tool thus describes, for example, one of the radially oscillating movement of said
- Workpiece is formed at each hammering engagement only in an area which extends only along a fraction of the tooth length, it is possible to carry out the process with a single embossing tool or two
- the tubular section is provided with the toothings, that is to say with the internal toothing and the external toothing.
- the portion of the workpiece provided with the inner and outer teeth is identical to the tubular portion.
- the first stabilizing portion may form a collar of the ring gear, in particular a collar, which is formed integrally with the tubular portion together.
- first stabilizing section (or the mentioned collar) has neither said inner toothing nor said outer toothing.
- the shape stabilization by the first stabilizing section makes it possible to minimize deformations in the radial direction, which are non-uniform over the circumference. For example, unwanted deformations of the tubular portion to an oval can be prevented or at least greatly reduced.
- a first stabilizing section which remains on the ring gear, can also be used.
- the first stabilizing section forms a
- the first stabilizing section forms a
- the first stabilizing portion is on the
- first stabilization section can be designed so that access to the interior of the ring gear is not hindered by him.
- first stabilizing portion (or collar)
- the first stabilizing portion forms a circumferential, with respect to the tubular portion angled end face of the ring gear.
- the end face may, for example, lie in a plane on which the longitudinal axis is perpendicular. So can relative to the amount of for the first
- Stabilization section spent material a particularly good
- the workpiece is in the first
- Stabilizing portion relative to the tubular portion widened or narrowed or at least 90 ° inwardly or outwardly directed.
- the workpiece including the first (and possibly also a second)
- Stabilization section for example, by forming, for example, cold forming, obtained from a tubular body.
- the workpiece in the first stabilizing section may be widened relative to the tubular section, and in particular may have an increasing diameter as the distance from the tubular section increases; or it may be tapered, in particular having a diameter decreasing with increasing distance from the tubular portion.
- the first stabilizing section may describe a rotationally symmetric cone-truncated cone shape.
- the first stabilizing section may describe a rotationally symmetric cone-truncated cone shape.
- the first stabilizing section describes a circular ring shape. In this way, a space requirement of the first
- the Stabilization section are kept very small in the axial direction.
- the first stabilizing section may be substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
- the circular ring described can have an inner diameter which is in the
- the annulus may have an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the tubular portion.
- the first stabilizing portion is directly connected to a first end of the tubular portion. In other embodiments, the first stabilizing portion is indirectly connected, via a transition region, to a first end of the tubular portion.
- the first stabilizing portion (or corresponding collar) has a minimum distance from the longitudinal axis that is smaller, more preferably at least 0.25 times (for example, at least 0.4 times), a denticulate depth of the internal toothing a minimum distance that the tubular section has (before generating the gears) from the longitudinal axis.
- the first stabilizing section (or the corresponding collar) be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis, as well as the tubular portion, and its inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the tubular portion (before generating the teeth), for example by at least 0.5 times (in particular by at least 0.8 times) a toothing depth of the internal teeth , As a result, a suitable dimensional stability can be realized.
- the first stabilizing portion (or corresponding collar) has a minimum distance from the longitudinal axis which is smaller, in particular at least 0.2 times (for example at least 0.4 times) one
- Gearing depth of the internal teeth is less than a minimum distance, which has a tooth tip of the internal teeth of the longitudinal axis.
- the first stabilizing portion (or the corresponding collar) may be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis, and its inner diameter is less than the tip circle diameter of the internal teeth, for example at least 0.3 times or 0.4 times (especially at least 0.8 times) one Gearing depth of
- the first stabilizing portion (or the corresponding collar) has a maximum distance from the longitudinal axis that is greater, in particular greater by at least 0.25 times (for example, at least 0.4 times) a toothing depth of the internal teeth than a maximum distance that the tubular portion (before generation of the teeth) from the longitudinal axis has.
- the first stabilizing portion (or the corresponding collar) may be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis, as well as the tubular portion, and its outer diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the tubular portion (prior to generation of the serrations), for example at least 0.5 times ( in particular by at least 0.8 times) a toothing depth of the internal toothing.
- a suitable dimensional stability can be realized.
- Gearing depth of the internal toothing is greater than a maximum distance, which has a tooth tip of the internal toothing of the longitudinal axis.
- the first stabilizing portion (or the corresponding collar) may be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis, and its outer diameter is greater than the tip diameter of the internal toothing, for example at least 0.3 times or 0.4 times (in particular at least 0.8 times) one Gearing depth of
- the first stabilizing section forms a
- the tubular portion can be used together with the
- Bottom part are cup-shaped, wherein the tubular portion a
- Stabilization section described properties and functions may be the same as those described for the first stabilization section. Except that in general is not provided that both
- Stabilizing sections are at one and the same end of the tubular portion then.
- the first stabilizing section is adjacent to a first end of the tubular section (be it directly or via a first transition zone), and that the second
- Stabilization section is then at a second end of the tubular portion (either directly or through a second transition region).
- the two stabilizing sections can each be provided at one of the opposite ends of the tubular section (directly or indirectly). It can thus be provided that at least part of the internal toothing and at least part of the external toothing is arranged with respect to its axial position between the first and the second stabilizing section.
- first stabilization section or the corresponding collar
- first stabilizing portion or the corresponding collar
- this first stabilizing portion has the dimensions given above with respect to its minimum distance from the longitudinal axis or with respect to its inner diameter. Removal of the tubular portion from the die after machining by the at least one embossing tool can thereby be facilitated.
- the workpiece (or ring gear) has a second stabilizing portion, which is directed toward the longitudinal axis, and a minimum distance that it has from the longitudinal axis is less than a minimum distance that a tooth tip of the tooth Internal toothing of the longitudinal axis has.
- the internal toothing is formed as a high toothing, with a toothing depth of more than 2.0 times a
- Normal module of the internal toothing for example, with a toothing depth of more than 2.2 times a normal module of the internal toothing.
- the internal toothing can have a toothing depth of at least 2.4 times a normal modulus of the internal toothing. Large toothing depths allow a large degree of overlap, which makes the corresponding ring gears particularly resilient.
- Impeller toothing corresponds to a common value for impeller involute gears.
- the internal toothing has a modulus between 0.5 and 5, in particular between 1 and 3 and / or a modulus of at least 1.25.
- External teeth Helical gears In particular, 40 °>
- the internal toothing and the external toothing are arrow toothings.
- the internal toothing can be an involute toothing. But others too
- Impeller gears can be produced.
- the internal toothing may be a cycloidal toothing.
- Dimensioning of the die can facilitate the production of the ring gear and in particular the forming.
- a toothing depth of the external toothing is smaller than a toothing depth of the internal toothing.
- the die can be made of a metal. It can be formed in one piece.
- Stabilization area at least apparently described in a specific context, such as in connection with the manufacturing process, these may basically also be properties of the finished ring gear. To summarize the text, most of these properties are therefore not repeated again as features explicitly related to the finished ring gear. Yet:
- the ring gear has: - A tubular portion having a longitudinal axis, which has an internal toothing and an external toothing, wherein the internal toothing a
- Impeller toothing is
- the first stabilizing section can be free of teeth. And it may be integrally formed with the tubular portion together. He can form a collar of the ring gear. In this case, the collar may be directed in particular to the longitudinal axis to or from the longitudinal axis away. The collar may be directly adjacent to the tubular portion or adjacent to a transition region which in turn directly adjoins the tubular portion.
- the tubular section can basically be cylindrical tube-shaped.
- the first stabilizing section may be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis.
- a relative thinness of the ring gear can be described by a difference of root diameter of the external teeth and
- a difference of root diameter of the external toothing and tip circle diameter of the internal toothing more than 0.2 times, in particular more than 0.3 times a tooth depth of
- the collar is directed away from the longitudinal axis, and in a transition region between the tubular portion and the first stabilizing portion, an internal residual toothing adjoining the internal toothing is formed. And further is - a tip diameter of the internal residual teeth smaller than one
- the engagement of the at least one embossing tool extends to the point where the first stabilizing section begins with respect to its axial position, then a material flow directed radially outwards is greatly impeded by the first stabilizing section. Accordingly, the material must look for other ways during cold forming.
- material flow means radially inward (on both sides of the effective region of the embossing tool), so that it comes to the reduced tip diameter of the internal residual toothing.
- the material also flows approximately in the axial direction, which faces away from the tubular portion, so that the beads form.
- an external residual toothing adjoining the external toothing is formed in a transition region between the tubular section and the first stabilizing section, wherein a toothing depth of the outer residual toothing steadily decreases from zero tooth toothing to zero in the transitional region.
- teeth of the outer residual toothing may have a rounded shoulder in the transition region, in particular in a section of the transition region adjoining the tubular section.
- a section of the transition region can be tubular, in particular cylindrical tube-shaped.
- a portion of the transition region adjoining the tubular section may be tubular, in particular cylindrical tube-shaped.
- this angle can be greater than 5 °, in particular greater than 10 °.
- the angle can be defined, for example, by determining a first point in the said section where the tooth (in the region of the residual toothing) still has 90% of the height which it has in the tubular section and determines a second point. where the tooth (in the area of the residual toothing) still has 10% of the height that it has in the tubular portion, and the angle that encloses a straight line connecting these two points with the longitudinal axis, is the said angle.
- an external residual toothing (with a rounded shoulder)
- the diameter (pitch circle diameter) of the internal toothing is typically in the range 50 mm to 500 mm, in particular in the range 100 mm to 400 mm and often in the range 150 mm to 350 mm.
- the anti-rotation device concerns a rotation about the longitudinal axis.
- the body may be positively connected to the external teeth.
- the body may be molded to the external teeth.
- a step in the production of said body may thus be, for example, that the external teeth are poured, whereby at least a part of said body is formed.
- the ring gear is a Geretehohlrad.
- the ring gear can be used in planetary gear applications.
- the planetary gear has a ring gear of the type described and at least one externally toothed gear wheel introduced into the ring gear. This is for one
- a sun gear and at least two planet gears are introduced into the ring gear.
- the method of manufacturing a planetary gear includes making a ring gear in the described manner, and further comprising providing at least one externally toothed gear and inserting it into the ring gear.
- Said gear has an external toothing, which is suitable for the internal toothing of the ring gear.
- typically, a sun gear and at least two planet gears are introduced into the ring gear.
- the invention also relates to a device which is suitable for carrying out the
- Manufacturing method is suitable or a device with the following
- a device for producing ring gears which have an internal gear and an external toothing, wherein the internal gear is an impeller toothing, and the device comprises: a die which is adapted to receive a tubular portion of a
- Die are pressed in the axial direction towards each other.
- the workpiece and die perform the same rotational movement.
- Fig. 6 shows a detail of a ring gear with one away from the longitudinal axis
- Fig. 1 shows details of an apparatus for producing Hohlrädem, in a highly schematic sectional view.
- a workpiece 1 is thin-walled and can be provided by means of the device with an internal toothing and an external toothing, wherein the internal toothing is an impeller toothing, for example an involute toothing.
- the workpiece 1 has a longitudinal axis Z and a tubular portion 3, which is cylindrical and is aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis Z, and in which by means of a stamping tool 2, the two mentioned teeth are introduced.
- the device further comprises a die 5, which has an internal
- Workpiece 1 has.
- the die 5 is held in a die holder 15, which is drivable for rotation about an axis of rotation, for example by means of a driven spindle rod 8.
- Workpiece 1 can be edited periodically.
- the tool holder 12 performs an oscillating movement in the radial direction (typified by the small Double arrow in Fig. 2).
- Directions that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z are referred to as radial.
- the workpiece 1 is inserted into the tubular opening 5o of the die 5, as symbolized by the open arrows in the axial direction.
- a holding device 18 which may be partially identical to the loading device 16, the workpiece 1 is then held in a fixed position relative to the die 5, typically before and during the workpiece and die rotation, for example by pressing the two parts against each other in axial Direction.
- the die 5 (and in particular its die teeth 5z), the workpiece 1 (and in particular its tubular portion 3 and its longitudinal axis Z) and the axis of rotation of the die holder 15 are aligned coaxially with each other.
- Workpiece 1 rotates with the die holder 15 with, for example, by the holding device 18 is rotatably mounted.
- the longitudinal axis Z of the workpiece 1 coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotatable die holder 15, the
- the corresponding axes are referred to as the longitudinal axis Z or as the axis Z.
- the die holder 15 does not have to be driven directly to its rotation.
- the holding device 18 (for example, directly) driven for rotation, and the die holder 15 is rotatably mounted and rotates, including the die 5 and workpiece 1 with the holding device 18 with.
- the tool holder 12 can have, as shown, a shank which is driven to oscillate.
- the embossing tool 2 comes in this way repeatedly, generally periodically, in engagement with the workpiece.
- the workpiece 1 in turn is rotated about the axis Z with varying rotational speed, in particular intermittently rotated (symbolized by the dashed circle arrow in Fig. 1).
- the embossing tool 2 engages the workpiece 1.
- the workpiece 1 can be rotated further (typically by a pitch), as soon as the tool holder 12 is moved far enough (in the radial direction) that no
- Embossing tool comes during the workpiece rotation with the workpiece 1 in contact.
- a non-intermittent workpiece rotation that is
- the stabilizing sections 4, 4 'bring about a stabilization of shape so that the deformations mentioned can be prevented or at least reduced to an acceptable level.
- Mold 5 is formed. This will be illustrated with reference to FIGS. 2a, 2b.
- FIG. 2b shows the workpiece, which is now a toothed ring gear 1a, during a final forming engagement of the stamping tool 2.
- the thick dashed line in Figs. 2a, 2b denotes a radial direction along which the periodic linear movement of the embossing tool 2 for forming the workpiece runs.
- the thin dashed lines in Fig. 2b indicate the root circle diameter and the tip circle diameter of the internal teeth.
- the open arrow in Fig. 2b indicates the Yerbergungstiefe t6 of the internal teeth.
- Internal teeth, and the tool head 2k has the shape of a negative of a tooth root 6b of the internal teeth (Fig. 2b).
- Stamping tool 2 is determined, the shape of the external teeth in
- the shape of a tooth head 5a of the female toothing corresponds to a negative of the shape of a tooth root 7b of the external toothing to be generated.
- the shape of the tooth flanks 5f of the female teeth corresponds to a negative of the shape of tooth flanks 7f of the external teeth.
- the shape of the tooth head 7a of the external teeth is determined by free flow of material. A distance remains between the tooth tips 7a of the external toothing and the respective tooth roots 5b of the female toothing. Of the tooth flanks 5f of the female toothing, it is only a portion that comes into contact with the workpiece and thus the shape of the
- the workpiece 1 can first be processed by the embossing tool 2 in each tooth gap of the female toothing 5z (ie pick up exactly a radial hammering impact and thereby be reshaped), before it in one of the tooth gaps
- the number of teeth and the number of tooth spaces is identical for the internal teeth and for the external teeth and for the matrix teeth.
- the tooth roots 6b of the internal teeth are located at the same positions along the circumference of the tubular portion as the teeth heads 7a of the external teeth.
- the tooth tips 6a of the internal toothing are located at the same positions along the circumference of the tubular portion 3 as the toothed roots 7b of the external toothing.
- embossing tool This can have the same shape as the other embossing tool, at least with regard to the effective range and the calibration range.
- the embossing tool is again radially spaced from the workpiece.
- Embossing tool on the workpiece instead.
- the tool is not permanently in contact with the workpiece, but only for a short time with a subsequent phase in which no contact and no deformation takes place.
- the tool has not a plurality of teeth distributed over its circumference, but, as shown, only one tooth-like active area or possibly two (not shown).
- Fig. 3a shows a workpiece 1 with two on the longitudinal axis Z to be directed
- Stabilization sections 4, 4 ' in a running through the longitudinal axis Z section.
- Fig. 3b shows a workpiece 1 with a directed to the longitudinal axis
- Stabilization section 4 and directed away from the longitudinal axis
- Stabilization section 4 in a running through the longitudinal axis Z section.
- FIGS. 1 and 3a and 3b respectively form annular end faces 4f of the workpiece 1.
- an opening angle of the end faces 4f does not have to be 90 °, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3a and 3b.
- 3 c shows a detail of a further rotationally symmetrical workpiece 1 with a stabilizing section 4 'directed towards the longitudinal axis Z and a stabilizing section 4 directed away from the longitudinal axis Z, in a through the
- Stabilizing section 4 forms is a rotationally symmetric
- Fig. 3d shows a detail of a workpiece 1, which is already formed into a toothed ring gear la, with a directed to the longitudinal axis Z to
- Fig. 3d also illustrates that a maximum distance d4 that a part of the
- Stabilization section 4 of the longitudinal axis Z has, which in the assumed rotational symmetry of half an outer diameter of the
- Stabilization section 4 'of the longitudinal axis Z has, which in the assumed rotational symmetry of half an inner diameter of the
- Stabilization section 4 is smaller than a minimum distance k6, which has a tooth tip 6a of the internal teeth of the longitudinal axis Z, that is smaller than half k6 of the tip circle diameter of the internal teeth.
- the typically one or two stabilizer sections are generally untoothed (serrated); at least they are free from the one to be generated
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of a ring gear 1a for illustrating an outer residual toothing 45a, in a section running through the longitudinal axis Z through a tooth tip 7a of the external toothing.
- Such outer residual toothing 45a is formed due to the selected cold-forming manufacturing process, due to the free flow of material not only in the radial but also in the axial direction within tooth gaps of the female toothing.
- the stabilizing section 4 could also be directed inward instead of outward, there is a transitional area 45 between the tubular section 3 and the stabilizing section 4.
- the transitional area there is an external residual toothing with toothed heads adjoining the external teeth 45a, in which the Yerzahnungstiefe the
- An angle of decrease of the toothing depth can be defined, for example, as described above: The points at which the residual toothing has a toothing depth of 90% of the toothing depth t7 of the toothing depth
- FIG. 4 also shows that the transition region 45, which otherwise describes a region which extends along the longitudinal axis Z, may have an untoothed section and / or may have a region which has not been machined with the embossing tool 2.
- Stamping tool is used, which is longer than the length of the internal toothing.
- Figs. 5 and 6 show corresponding examples.
- FIG. 5 shows a detail of a workpiece 1, which has already been formed into a toothed ring gear la, with one directed away from the longitudinal axis Z
- FIG. 6 shows a detail of a workpiece 1, which is already formed into a toothed ring gear la, with a longitudinal axis Z directed away
- Tip diameter of the internal toothing In particular, the smallest
- the tip diameter of the internal toothing is written as k6.
- the described ring gears are thin-walled, they may tend to elastic deformation under load. For a good running behavior, it may be beneficial to provide a longitudinal crowning of the internal teeth. Edge bearers are avoidable in this way. This can be achieved by a corresponding design of the embossing tool. 2
- FIG. 7 a shows a detail of an embossing tool 2, in a section perpendicular to the course of the tool head 2 k, ie in the same way as in FIGS. 2a, 2b.
- FIG. 7b shows a detail of the embossing tool 2 from FIG. 7a, but in a section parallel to the course of the tool head 2k, along the dashed line from FIG. 7a through the tool flanks 2f.
- Fig. 7b a concavity of the embossing tool 2 can be seen, by means of which the longitudinal crowning can be produced. However, this is shown exaggeratedly large in FIG. 7b.
- the tool flanks 2f are formed by their concavity for forming the longitudinal crowning of the internal toothing.
- Figs. 8a to 8c illustrate a straight toothing, a helical toothing or an arrow toothing. All of these and other gearing can be produced by means of the method described.
- the wide black lines indicate the position of the tooth tips 6a of the internal teeth.
- the drawn dashed line corresponds to an axis Z 'an, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis Z.
- the representation can be understood so that it can be mentally obtained by the ring gear is cut and then pressed with flattening external teeth on a plane (flattened) is.
- ß denotes the helix angle of the helical gearing.
- Fig. 9 shows an illustration of a planetary gear 20 with a
- Fig. 10 illustrates a ring gear member 10, comprising a ring gear la, which is shown in Figure 10 exaggerated thin-walled and without stabilization section, and a form-fitting connected body 11, in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z.
- the body 11 of a Be plastic.
- the body 11 may, for example, to the ring gear la, more precisely at the
- the at least one collar whether directed inwards or outwards, allows dimensional stability during manufacture, which is necessary for highly accurate toothing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00193/18A CH714660A1 (de) | 2018-02-16 | 2018-02-16 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlrades mit Innen- und Aussenverzahnung sowie Hohlrad. |
PCT/EP2019/053712 WO2019158656A1 (de) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-02-14 | Dünnwandige hohlräder mit innen- und aussenverzahnung sowie vorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3752302A1 true EP3752302A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 |
EP3752302B1 EP3752302B1 (de) | 2023-07-26 |
Family
ID=61827455
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19705746.6A Active EP3752302B1 (de) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-02-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung dünnwandiger hohlräder mit innen- und aussenverzahnung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11498114B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3752302B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7324762B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102674695B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111727091B (de) |
CH (1) | CH714660A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI791091B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019158656A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH579427A5 (de) * | 1975-02-24 | 1976-09-15 | Grob Ernst Fa | |
CH670970A5 (de) | 1986-09-18 | 1989-07-31 | Grob Ernst Fa | |
CH670782A5 (de) | 1986-08-19 | 1989-07-14 | Grob Ernst Fa | |
CH675840A5 (de) | 1988-10-05 | 1990-11-15 | Grob Ernst Fa | |
CH685542A5 (de) | 1992-07-16 | 1995-08-15 | Grob Ernst Fa | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hohlen Werkstücks, das wenigstens innen gerade oder schräg zur Werkstückachse profiliert ist. |
ES2105428T3 (es) | 1994-06-25 | 1997-10-16 | Grob Ernst Fa | Procedimiento y dispositivo para laminar piezas huecas. |
JPH08105518A (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-23 | Aichi Mach Ind Co Ltd | 歯 車 |
JP3557678B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-20 | 2004-08-25 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | スプライン部品の成形方法およびその成形装置 |
JP3429711B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-23 | 2003-07-22 | 株式会社メタルアート | カップ状歯車の製造装置 |
JP3418180B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-10 | 2003-06-16 | 株式会社飯塚製作所 | リングギアの製造方法 |
US7191626B2 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2007-03-20 | Profiroll Technologies Gmbh | Method for producing an inner contour with an internal arbor acting on the inside wall of a workpiece |
JP4873661B2 (ja) | 2005-07-15 | 2012-02-08 | エルンスト グロープ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 薄壁の円筒形の中空体に内歯及び外歯を形成する方法 |
DE102008017608B3 (de) * | 2008-04-06 | 2009-04-30 | Aweba Werkzeugbau Gmbh Aue | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines innen- und außenverzahnten topfförmigen Blechteiles und eine Vorrichtung hierzu |
JP5544655B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-11 | 2014-07-09 | 株式会社エフ・シー・シー | 打抜き加工方法、プレス成形品の製造方法、打抜き加工用金型およびプレス成形品 |
CN102500690A (zh) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-06-20 | 天津天海同步科技股份有限公司 | 一种薄壁旋转体零件的加工刀具及应用其的加工设备 |
CH706436A1 (de) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Grob Ernst Fa | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von mit einer innenliegenden Laufradverzahnung versehenen dickwandigen Hohlrädern. |
PL3060825T3 (pl) * | 2013-10-23 | 2021-08-23 | Ernst Grob Ag | Kompozytowa tarcza hamulcowa oraz sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania tejże |
KR102024219B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-19 | 2019-09-24 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 기계 부품의 제조 방법 및 기계 부품 |
US20180036791A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Tool and method for forming surface features onto a workpiece |
-
2018
- 2018-02-16 CH CH00193/18A patent/CH714660A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2019
- 2019-02-13 TW TW108104765A patent/TWI791091B/zh active
- 2019-02-14 KR KR1020207023869A patent/KR102674695B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-02-14 WO PCT/EP2019/053712 patent/WO2019158656A1/de unknown
- 2019-02-14 US US16/969,585 patent/US11498114B2/en active Active
- 2019-02-14 EP EP19705746.6A patent/EP3752302B1/de active Active
- 2019-02-14 JP JP2020543502A patent/JP7324762B2/ja active Active
- 2019-02-14 CN CN201980013458.1A patent/CN111727091B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2021514307A (ja) | 2021-06-10 |
CH714660A1 (de) | 2019-08-30 |
JP7324762B2 (ja) | 2023-08-10 |
TW201936290A (zh) | 2019-09-16 |
EP3752302B1 (de) | 2023-07-26 |
KR102674695B1 (ko) | 2024-06-12 |
US20210054917A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
CN111727091A (zh) | 2020-09-29 |
KR20200119822A (ko) | 2020-10-20 |
US11498114B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 |
WO2019158656A1 (de) | 2019-08-22 |
TWI791091B (zh) | 2023-02-01 |
CN111727091B (zh) | 2022-10-04 |
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