EP3746710A1 - Système de réchauffement pour réchauffer un mur et système de pièce ayant un mur pourvu d'un système de réchauffement de ce genre - Google Patents

Système de réchauffement pour réchauffer un mur et système de pièce ayant un mur pourvu d'un système de réchauffement de ce genre

Info

Publication number
EP3746710A1
EP3746710A1 EP20716726.3A EP20716726A EP3746710A1 EP 3746710 A1 EP3746710 A1 EP 3746710A1 EP 20716726 A EP20716726 A EP 20716726A EP 3746710 A1 EP3746710 A1 EP 3746710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
arrangement
pipe
following
pcm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20716726.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Franz WAGNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3746710A1 publication Critical patent/EP3746710A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating arrangement for heating and / or drying a wall and a room arrangement which has a corresponding wall which is heated with such a heating arrangement.
  • Such a heating arrangement offers the advantage that the wall is always dry and mold formation is avoided even in moist air.
  • a suitably heated wall in turn radiates a type of warmth that people perceive as more pleasant compared to the warmth that a conventional radiator radiates. This type of warmth allows a room to be kept at a lower temperature than with conventional heating systems, while still producing a similar feel-good effect.
  • a “wall” is understood to mean stone walls (eg masonry of all kinds) and wooden walls.
  • a “room arrangement” can be a building arrangement that comprises one or more rooms.
  • a “room arrangement” can also include a living container or a room in a ship (for example a ship's hull) or a room in a caravan or mobile home in which a wall is formed.
  • a corresponding heating arrangement is known from EP 3 021 048 A1. This includes a tube which is filled with a water mixture. A heating wire is passed through this pipe, which heats the water mixture.
  • the pipe is arranged on the masonry.
  • there is also a second pipe which is in operative connection with the first pipe and runs parallel to it. This second tube is arranged in a correspond to the longitudinal recess in the masonry.
  • EP 3 021 048 A1 A disadvantage of EP 3 021 048 A1 is that the sealing of the pipes is complicated and an effective seal can hardly be maintained over a long period of time. At the same time, the masonry has to be strongly intervened in order to make a corresponding longitudinal slot over the entire length of the pipe.
  • the heating arrangement is used to heat a wall.
  • the wall can, for example, be masonry made of bricks or firebricks. Other types of walls, such as wooden walls, can also be heated in this way.
  • the heating arrangement comprises at least one heating module.
  • the at least one heating module comprises a pipe arrangement which has a main pipe.
  • the at least one heating module further comprises an electrically operated heating element which is arranged in the main pipe.
  • the electrically operated heating element is preferably arranged in the center of the main pipe and preferably extends over the entire length ge of the main pipe.
  • the main pipe is still filled with a material that is selected from the group consisting of PCM material, a hydraulic binder and fireclay powder.
  • a PCM material (English phase change material; German phase change material) is understood to mean a latent heat storage, which can also be referred to as a phase change or PCM storage.
  • This is a type of heat accumulator that stores a large part of the thermal energy supplied to it in the form of latent heat (e.g. for a phase change from solid to (viscous) liquid or solid to solid.
  • the stored heat is "hidden”. , because, as long as the phase transition is not fully completed, the temperature of the PCM material does not rise any further despite the supply of heat.
  • the PCM material used can therefore store very large amounts of heat in a small temperature range around the phase change and thereby surpasses heat stores that only Use sensible heat of a substance, such as a hot water storage tank, which is known from the prior art mentioned.
  • the PCM material is preferably electrically non-conductive.
  • the PCM material preferably does not expand during operation, i.e. within the temperature range used.
  • the main pipe is therefore, in particular, also free of a pressure equalization container as required by EP 3 021 048 A1.
  • the storage medium which can preferably be paraffins and / or salts, is melted. A lot of energy is consumed in this process. The release of this thermal energy (this can also be referred to as “discharging”) then takes place during solidification. In this reverse state, the PCM material releases the previously absorbed amount of heat as solidification s heat back to the environment. Such melting starts at preferably more than 30.degree. Among these, the PCM material is preferably solid.
  • the PCM material is preferably in powder form when it is filled. After heating, it becomes molten, or waxy or maximally (extremely) viscous and then solidifies into a corresponding PCM block when it cools.
  • the PCM material is therefore preferably used in a form that does not have these disadvantages and, in particular, is dimensionally stable.
  • Known designs in which the PCM material is encapsulated before are suitable for this purpose.
  • the PCM material can either be present in a matrix or enclosed in a cavity by a covering material.
  • PCM composite also dimensionally stable PCM material
  • a PCM composite also dimensionally stable PCM material
  • the matrix of the PCM composite porous inorganic or organic materials can be used, which can also be referred to as carriers or carrier materials.
  • Inorganic materials are preferred.
  • Materials that are usually used as binding agents for oil or chemicals are particularly suitable as the matrix.
  • Substances selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum dioxide, gypsum, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and chamotte are also suitable.
  • Metal oxides are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly suitable organic substances for use as or in the matrix are polymers selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, poly (methyl) methacrylates, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
  • the PCM composite is preferably in particulate form, particularly preferably as a powder or granules. It is also preferably used in the form of a bulk material.
  • the organic or inorganic material serves as a matrix, in particular in the form of a sponge for the respective PCM material.
  • the PCM material is firmly bound by this material both in the solid and in the liquid state.
  • the PCM composite is also preferably in the form of a dry, free-flowing powder or granulate when the PCM material is in a liquid aggregate state. There is no need for a change in volume or for sealing against a molten PCM material.
  • the mass fraction of the PCM material in the PCM composite is preferably more than 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or more than 65% but preferably less than 70 %, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30% or less than 25% and the mass fraction of the inorganic material in the PCM composite is less than 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40% or less than 35% but preferably more than 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or more than 75%.
  • PCM composites in the form of powders preferably comprise 45 to 75 percent by weight of PCM material based on the total weight of the PCM composite. Particularly preferred are 50 to 70 percent by weight and most preferred are 55 to 65 percent by weight.
  • the proportion of the inorganic's material is preferably 25 to 55 percent by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 50 percent by weight and very particularly preferably 35 to 45 percent by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the PCM composite.
  • PCM composites in the form of powders preferably have an average particle size in the range from 50 to 350 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 100 to 300 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably in the range from 150 to 250 ⁇ m. The average particle size is preferably determined by laser diffraction. Most preferably, the proportion of PCM material is approximately 60 percent by weight, the proportion of inorganic material is approximately 40 percent by weight and the average particle size is approximately 200 ⁇ m.
  • PCM composites in the form of granules preferably comprise 15 to 45 weight percent PCM material based on the total weight of the PCM composite. Particularly preferred are 20 to 40 percent by weight and most preferred are 25 to 35 percent by weight.
  • the proportion of inorganic material is preferably 55 to 85 percent by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 80 percent by weight and very particularly preferably 65 to 75 percent by weight, each based on the total weight of the PCM composite.
  • PCM composites in the form of granules preferably have an average particle size in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 3 mm. The average particle size is preferably determined by laser diffraction.
  • the proportion of PCM material is approximately 30 percent by weight, the proportion of inorganic material is approximately 70 percent by weight and the average particle size is in the range from 1 to 3 mm.
  • the PCM material is enclosed in envelope materials.
  • the PCM material is introduced into plastic capsules, for example, the plastic capsules having a diameter of less than 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm or less than 1 mm. In this case, too, it is not necessary to seal the main pipe because the plastic capsules prevent the molten PCM material from being distributed in the main pipe as desired.
  • PCM composite or encapsulated PCM material can always be used on its own.
  • a conventional hydraulic binding agent can also be used as a heat-storing component.
  • the hydraulic cal binder should have sufficient heat resistance at the temperatures used.
  • fireproof hydraulic binders can be used.
  • hydraulic mortar made of refractory materials, fire cement or refractory concrete can be used. Fire cement is preferred, in particular fire cement containing Portland cement clinker.
  • refractory concrete for example, heat-resistant concrete, refractory concrete and highly refractory concrete can be used.
  • the hydraulic binder made of refractory materials preferably contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of chrome ores, blast furnace slag, corundum, magnesite, Schamohe, silicon carbide and brick chippings as rock grain.
  • the at least one heating module further comprises a heat conduction connector which can be used or directly with the pipe arrangement, in particular with the main pipe, for the transfer of heat energy between the Main pipe to which at least one heat conduction stub is (thermally) verbun and from the pipe arrangement to the side (eg radially outward). At least part of the at least one heat-conducting connector can be inserted into an opening in the wall.
  • a heating of the main pipe leads to a heating of the at least one heat conducting connection and thus to the heating of the wall. If the electrically operated heating element is switched off again, the PCM material solidifies inside the main pipe and continues to give off additional heat over a longer period of time, which can be fed directly into the wall via the heat conducting nozzle (phase transition of the PCM material from liquid to firm or from firm to firm). This allows the wall to be heated very efficiently. The same applies to the PCM material in the PCM composite.
  • the main pipe and, in particular, the heat conduction stub are made of or comprise metal which is thermally very thermally conductive.
  • the metal can be copper or a copper alloy.
  • the heat conduction nozzle can in principle be hollow and also filled with the same or a different PCM material. However, it is preferably solid, the cross section preferably being smaller than that of the main pipe.
  • the at least one heat conduction nozzle can have any cross-sectional shape (e.g. round, oval, angular).
  • the heat conduction stub could also be filled with the PCM composite or an encapsulated PCM material or a hydraulic binder or a firebrick powder.
  • the pipe arrangement can preferably also comprise a secondary pipe.
  • This secondary pipe is (thermally) connected to the main pipe, so that heating of the main pipe also leads to heating of the secondary pipe.
  • the secondary pipe itself preferably runs parallel to the main pipe. It could also run around the main pipe, in particular in a spiral shape around the main pipe.
  • the secondary pipe touches the main pipe (preferably along the predominant or the entire length of the secondary pipe).
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the heating arrangement according to the invention provides that the secondary pipe is welded and / or soldered to the main pipe. Such a connection can take place over the entire length of the secondary pipe or only over part of the length. For example, different soldering or welding points can be arranged offset from one another along the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary pipe.
  • the secondary pipe could also be jammed with the main pipe.
  • the secondary pipe and the main pipe are preferably of the same length.
  • the secondary pipe could, however, also be shorter or longer than the main pipe.
  • the secondary pipe is preferably likewise hollow and more preferably filled with a PCM material, in particular with the same PCM material as the main pipe.
  • the secondary pipe could also be filled with the PCM composite or an encapsulated PCM material or a hydraulic binding agent or a firebrick powder.
  • the secondary pipe could also be solid.
  • the secondary pipe is preferably made of the same material as the main pipe, in particular comprises or consists of a metal such as copper.
  • a cross-sectional area of the secondary pipe is preferably smaller than that of the main pipe.
  • the cross-sectional area could, however, also be the same size or larger.
  • the cross-sectional area of the secondary pipe can change over the extension of the secondary pipe in the longitudinal direction (e.g. increase or decrease). The same can also apply to the main pipe.
  • the main pipe or the secondary pipe has a cross section that is in the form of:
  • the at least one heat-conducting connection piece is soldered, welded and / or clamped to the pipe arrangement.
  • the at least one heat conduction nozzle can be soldered, welded and / or clamped to the main pipe and / or to the secondary pipe.
  • the heat conduction stub can be attached to the pipe arrangement at any desired position.
  • the heat conduction stub is attached to the tube assembly without screws. This allows corresponding openings to be made in the wall at any suitable locations.
  • the heating module comprises at least one sleeve.
  • This consists of metal or includes one. In particular, it is copper.
  • the at least one heat conduction stub is attached to the at least one sleeve.
  • the cuff and the heat conduction connector can also be made in one piece.
  • the cuff and / or the heat conduction nozzle be made up of a bent, stamped and / or laser cut part.
  • the at least one sleeve is preferably bent by more than at least half the circumference of the pipe arrangement around the pipe arrangement and thereby fastened to it.
  • thermal energy can be transferred from the pipe arrangement (in particular via the main pipe) via the at least one sleeve to the at least one heat-conducting connection piece.
  • the sleeve is preferably fastened to the pipe arrangement without screws, soldering or welding. More preferably, the cuff is only attached to the pipe arrangement by a clamp connection.
  • the heating module can be transported particularly easily, because there is no risk of the heat-conducting connector, which is soldered to the pipe arrangement in the prior art, breaking off.
  • tolerances with regard to the position and orientation of the opening (in particular in the form of a bore) in the wall in which the heat-conducting connector is set can be reacted to particularly easily.
  • the heat conduction sleeve can be attached to the sleeve and then inserted into the opening in the wall. This is followed by the actual attachment to the pipe arrangement by bending the sleeve. In the prior art heating arrangement, however, a new hole would have to be drilled.
  • the at least one heat conduction connector is preferably soldered and / or welded to the sleeve. It could also be screwed to this if there is no one-piece design (for example in a common injection molding process or die casting process).
  • the cuff has only one opening and the heat conduction nozzle is rich in a helical shape with a body (with or without thread) and an enlarged head. Only the body fits through the opening and the head area is fixed directly to the pipe arrangement when the cuff is bent. A nut could also be used to fasten the heat conduction sleeve even more firmly to the cuff.
  • the shape of the sleeve is preferably at least partially adapted to the shape of the pipe arrangement so that it can be placed against the pipe arrangement and clamped to it with a corresponding tool.
  • individual elements of the sleeve are bent so that the sleeve rests as closely as possible on the pipe arrangement and no longer detaches from it.
  • the at least one heat conduction stub could also be directly soldered and / or welded and / or clamped to the main pipe without a cuff.
  • the heat conducting connection could additionally or alternatively also be soldered and / or welded and / or clamped to the secondary pipe.
  • the variant with the cuff is chosen because it allows the heat conduction nozzle to be attached to the pipe arrangement during assembly, depending on the opening in the wall.
  • heat conducting connections can also be used. These can be arranged offset from one another at any point on the pipe arrangement in the longitudinal direction of the pipe arrangement. These heat conduction stubs are in turn connected indirectly (e.g. via the cuff) or directly (e.g. by a direct soldering or welding or clamping connection) to the pipe arrangement for the transfer of heat energy between the main pipe to the respective heat conduction stub.
  • all of the heat conduction connections are in the same direction from the pipe arrangement path.
  • all of the heat conduction connections are of the same length and more preferably have the same diameter. However, this does not necessarily have to be the case. More preferably, the distance between the plurality of heat conducting stubs is the same or different.
  • the electrically operated heating element is a simple heating wire or a heating cable.
  • a heating cable is used which comprises a conductor system.
  • This preferably comprises a current conductor and a ground conductor and can be operated both with direct voltage and with alternating voltage.
  • the current conductor and the ground conductor are preferably each surrounded by their own insulation.
  • the current conductor and the ground conductor could also be encapsulated with a common insulation.
  • the heating cable further comprises a resistance wire, which is electrically connected with its first end to the current conductor and with its second end electrically to the ground conductor.
  • the resistance wire preferably runs in a spiral around the conductor system (on the corresponding insulation of the current conductor and the ground conductor) in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable.
  • the resistance wire can be color-insulated, with the individual turns being spaced apart from one another.
  • An insulation layer is preferably also formed thereon.
  • a metal wire mesh can also be arranged over this insulation layer.
  • an additional insulation layer in the form of a jacket can be placed on the metal wire mesh.
  • the heating arrangement also comprises one or more further heating modules.
  • Each of these heating modules is preferably constructed identically.
  • the at least one heating module and the at least one further heating module comprise main pipes, each of which has electrical connections (eg plug or socket) on their two end faces, which are electrically connected to the first or second end of the respective electrically operated heating element.
  • the at least one heating module can be connected to an energy source with its first electrical connection at the end.
  • a switching device is preferably attached, which - as will be explained later - can be controlled by a control device.
  • the at least one further heating module is connected with its front-side first electrical connection to the front-side second electrical connection of the at least one heating module. In this case, the current conductors of all heating modules are electrically connected to one another and the ground conductors of all heating modules are electrically connected to one another.
  • the heating module could also include a protective conductor, which is preferably connected to the metal wire mesh.
  • the respective end faces of the heating modules are preferably sealed with a hot glue, via which, for example, the electrical connections can also be attached to the end faces.
  • This hot glue prevents the PCM material from leaking out.
  • other types of closure can also be selected.
  • a rubber stopper could also be used for sealing or closing.
  • a soaking hose is then preferably pulled over the end face.
  • the room arrangement according to the invention comprises a wall and a corre sponding heating arrangement which is arranged within the room arrangement.
  • a room arrangement can be understood to mean a single room that is delimited by the wall.
  • a room arrangement can also be understood to mean several rooms, such as an apartment or a house.
  • the space in a ship, living container, caravan or in a mobile home can also fall under this.
  • In the wall preferably in the area of the base, at least one opening is made, into which the at least one heat conducting stub of the at least one heating module engages and protrudes.
  • the diameter or the shape of the opening preferably corresponds to the dimensions of the heat conducting nozzle and is preferably only less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or less than 10% larger than the heat conducting nozzle.
  • the electrically operated heating element of the at least one heating module is electrically connected to an energy source of the room arrangement.
  • This energy source can be, for example, the power grid or an energy storage device (eg accumulator).
  • the energy source can also be solar cells or a photovoltaic system.
  • the wording “in the area” means that the opening is preferably less than 30 cm, 25 cm, 20 cm, 15 cm, 10 cm or less than 5 cm above the floor.
  • the at least one heat conduction nozzle of the at least one heating module can also be used on or in the area of (window) reveals or on corners and edges of the wall. With a reveal, the heating module can be installed vertically (to the left or right of the window) or horizontally (above or below the window). In this case, the heating module is predominantly or preferably completely inserted into a corresponding receiving opening.
  • This receiving opening can also be expanded by at least one opening for the at least one heat conduction connector. This at least one opening can be driven further into the wall, or it can run parallel to the surface of the wall in the wall.
  • the opening in the wall can also be arranged at a medium height, that is between the ceiling and the floor. This is particularly useful in rooms with a ceiling height of more than 3 m, 3.5 m or more than 4 m.
  • several heating modules can be used one above the other.
  • a heating module can e.g. in the area of the ground and another He warming module further spaced from the ground to be arranged.
  • the other heating module can be arranged at a height of more than 80 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm or more than 250 cm above the floor, but preferably less than 220 cm, 170 cm, 130 cm or less than 90 cm above the floor.
  • the room arrangement according to the invention preferably also comprises a heat-conducting base arrangement which is preferably arranged between the wall and the floor and which covers at least one heating module.
  • the at least one heating module is arranged between the wall, the floor and the heat conducting base arrangement.
  • the heat conduction pad arrangement is preferably hung in the wall and is spaced a few millimeters from the wall and the floor so that an air flow can develop. The air is sucked in through the gap between the heat-conducting base arrangement and the floor, heated and then flows along the gap between the heat-conducting base arrangement and the wall the wall and heats it from the outside.
  • the heat-conducting base arrangement does not necessarily have to be hung on the wall.
  • the heat-conducting base arrangement could also be fastened to the wall, for example by means of an adhesive connection and / or nails.
  • the gap between the politiciansleitsockelanord and the floor (especially at the bottom of the sauallockelanord voltage) and the gap between the politiciansleitsockelanord and the wall (especially at the top of the sauitsockelan ever) should be given before.
  • the gap creates a controlled convection. This creates a heat veil that rises directly up the wall to be heated. Local heat build-up is avoided.
  • the gap is preferably smaller than 5mm, 4mm, 3mm but preferably larger than 1mm or larger than 2mm.
  • the heat conducting base assembly should preferably consist of a material or include such that it remains dimensionally stable even when exposed to heat and heat and, in particular, there is no deformation when the lower area of the heat conducting base assembly is cooler than or the upper area of the heat conducting base assembly.
  • the wall in particular in the area of the floor, to include a receiving opening into which the at least one heating module is partially or completely inserted.
  • This receiving opening can then be expanded through the opening for the heat conduction nozzle, which extends further into the wall.
  • the heating arrangement preferably also comprises at least one temperature sensor. This can be arranged in the region of the pipe arrangement of the at least one heating module.
  • the heating arrangement also comprises a control device which is connected to the temperature sensor in a wireless or wired manner and is designed to receive a temperature value from the temperature sensor.
  • the control device is then designed as a function of a predetermined target temperature and a measured actual temperature to connect the electrically operated heating element of the at least one heating module to the energy source or to separate it from the energy source.
  • the electrically operated heating element can also be operated by means of pulse-width modulation. This pulse-width modulation is then set in such a way that the actual temperature reaches and maintains the target temperature.
  • control device could also be designed to transmit the actual temperature to a mobile terminal (e.g. smartphone, laptop computer) via a communication network (e.g. WiFi and / or Internet) and to receive a target temperature from the mobile terminal.
  • a mobile terminal e.g. smartphone, laptop computer
  • a communication network e.g. WiFi and / or Internet
  • Timing devices are also possible so that the control device connects the electrically operated heating element to the energy source at a specific time.
  • FIG. 2 a cross section through a main pipe of a heating module of the heating arrangement with the heating cable;
  • Figures 3 A, 3B :
  • FIG. 5 a three-dimensional view of a heating arrangement with two heating modules which can be electrically connected to one another;
  • Figures 6A, 6B a three-dimensional view of a heating arrangement with two heating modules which can be electrically connected to one another;
  • Figure 7 a room arrangement with a large number of installed
  • Heating modules In the following figures, the heating arrangement 1 according to the invention is described in more detail. This can be used in a room arrangement 2 in order to heat a wall 3 of the room arrangement 2.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1C an electrically operated heating element 4 in the form of a heating cable is described, via which the wall 3 is heated.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 (the heating cable) comprises a conductor system 5, which has a current conductor 5a and a ground conductor 5b, which are surrounded by insulation 6a, 6b.
  • the conductor 5a is surrounded by its own insulation 6a and the ground conductor 5b by its own insulation 6b.
  • a common insulation could also be provided.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 further comprises a resistance wire 7, which is electrically connected with its first end 7a to the current conductor 5a and with its second end 7b electrically to the ground conductor 5b.
  • the resistance wire 7 runs in a spiral around the conductor system 5 in the longitudinal direction of the electrically operated heating element 4.
  • Resistance wire 7 runs above the respective insulation 6a, 6b.
  • FIG. 1B shows that the electrically operated heating element 4 comprises several resistance wires 7, which are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the electrically operated heating element 4.
  • This counter stand wires 7 are electrically connected in parallel.
  • the respective insulation 6a, 6b is interrupted.
  • the resistance wire 7 is preferably soldered to the corresponding current conductor 5a or ground conductor 5b.
  • the current conductor 5a and / or the ground conductor 5b consist of or preferably comprise copper, in particular tinned copper, with a cross-sectional area of preferably more than 1 mm 2 , 1.5 mm 2 or more than 2 mm 2 .
  • the insulation 6a over the current conductor 5a or the insulation 6b over the ground conductor 5b is preferably a silicone-rubber insulation.
  • the resistance wire 7 is preferably a copper-nickel wire or nickel-chromium wire.
  • FIG. IC also shows that the electrically operated heating element 4 also has additional layers. So there is a further Isolati ons Mrs 8a, which lies over the resistance wire 7. This further insulation layer 8a is preferably a silicone-rubber insulation layer.
  • a metal mesh 9 can then be arranged over this further insulation layer 8a. This could, for example, also be connected to a protective conductor.
  • An outer insulation layer 8b can also be arranged over the metal mesh 9. This outer insulation layer 8b can be, for example, a silicone rubber layer or a fluoropolymer layer.
  • the (maximum) power of the electrically operated heating element 4 can preferably be between 20 and 100 W / m.
  • the humidity is preferably between 30 and 80 W / m and more preferably between 40 and 70 W / m and particularly preferably 60 W / m (with, for example, + -5%).
  • the maximum surface temperatures can be between 70 ° C and 200 ° C depending on the layer structure.
  • the metal mesh 9 can, for example, be a tinned copper mesh or a stainless steel mesh. This increases the mechanical protection and enables earthing (especially on the protective conductor).
  • the outer insulation layer 8b which can also be referred to as a jacket, protects against corrosion.
  • the at least one heating module 10 comprises a pipe arrangement 11 which comprises at least one main pipe 12.
  • the wording "pipe” should not be understood to mean that only round cross-sections are used. Rather, all cross-sectional shapes are conceivable.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 described in FIGS. 1A to 1C is arranged in this main pipe 12.
  • the main pipe 12 is also filled with a PCM material 13 (latent heat storage).
  • the PCM material 13 is preferably in powder form when it is filled in, and after the first melting and subsequent solidification it combines to form a block.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 is in direct contact with the PCM material 13 or the PCM composite or the encapsulated PCM material.
  • the main pipe 12 is in particular free of an inner ear which runs in the main pipe 12.
  • the main pipe 12 would be in direct contact with the hydraulic binding agent or the fire clay.
  • the main pipe 12 has a diameter of preferably more than 18 mm, 19 mm or more than 20 mm and preferably less than 26 mm or less than 24 mm.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 is preferably kept at a distance from the inner wall of the main pipe 12 and given by PCM material 13.
  • the PCM material 13 has: a) a melting range between 35 ° C and 45 ° C; and or
  • the melting range could also be selected higher (e.g. 50 ° C to 65 ° C or 76 to 85 ° C), e.g. to heat particularly thick walls (e.g. more than 1m thick).
  • the volume of the PCM material 13 preferably does not change during operation. This applies in particular to the PCM composite or the encapsulated PCM material. In particular, the volume in the cooled state remains the same as in the heated state. A change in volume of preferably less than 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, 2% would still be acceptable. This can e.g. be compensated with an (elastic) compensating means, which will be described further below.
  • the PCM material 13 can be any known PCM material that meets the above conditions.
  • it can be selected from the group consisting of paraffins, salts of organic acids and mixtures thereof. They are preferably paraffins or mixtures of paraffins.
  • the main pipe 12 is preferably completely, but preferably more than 80%, 85%, 90% or more than 95% of the fill level with the PCM material 13.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 preferably extends over the entire length of the main pipe 12. It could, however, also be shorter. The distance between the electrically operated heating element 4 and the (next) inner wall of the main pipe 12 can vary over the length of the main pipe 12. Preferably, however, the electrically operated heating element 4 is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the main pipe 12, that is to say in the center of the main pipe 12.
  • the at least one heating module 10 comprises at least one heat conducting stub 15, as shown for example in FIG. 3A.
  • the water conduction nozzle 15 is directly or indirectly connected to the pipe arrangement 11, in particular to the main pipe 12. As a result, heat energy can be transferred between the main pipe 12 to the at least one heat conduction connector 15.
  • the heat transfer resistance is low.
  • a “direct connection” is understood to mean that the heat conduction connector 15 is soldered and / or welded and / or clamped directly to the pipe arrangement 11, in particular directly to the main pipe 12.
  • the heat-conducting connector 15 is preassembled on a cuff 16. In this case, it is referred to as an "intermediate connection”.
  • This cuff 16 is then mounted at the appropriate points along the pipe arrangement 11, so that the heat-conducting stub 15 can be inserted into corresponding openings 31 in the wall 3 (see FIGS. 6A, 6B).
  • the heat-conducting stub 15 can be mounted via the collar 16 at any point in the longitudinal direction of the pipe arrangement 11, in particular at any point on the main pipe 12.
  • the sleeve 16 is U-shaped. Other cross-sectional shapes would also be conceivable here.
  • the sleeve 16 consists of or comprises metal, in particular copper. The same also applies, preferably, to the heat-conducting connector 15. This could also be formed in one piece with the sleeve 16.
  • the heat conduction stub 15 is soldered or welded to the sleeve 16, however. A screw connection would also be conceivable.
  • the sleeve 16 is pushed over the pipe arrangement 11, in particular starting from the side.
  • the sleeve 16 is then bent at least partially around the pipe arrangement 11. This is shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the cuff 16 is fastened to the pipe arrangement 11, in particular to the main pipe 12.
  • thermal energy can be transferred from the pipe arrangement 11 via the at least one sleeve 16 to the at least one heat conducting connector 15.
  • the heat conduction stub 15 is preferably solid. It could also be hollow and, for example, also be filled with a PCM material. However, the heat conduction connector does not include an electrically operated heating element 4. It is therefore free of an electrically operated heating element 4.
  • the cuff 16 is preferably fastened to the pipe arrangement 11 merely by a clamp connection without the use of a soldered connection and / or the welded connection.
  • the pipe arrangement 11 also comprises a secondary pipe 20.
  • the secondary pipe 20 is connected to the main pipe 12, so that a heating of the main pipe 12 also leads to a heating of the secondary pipe 20.
  • the secondary pipe 20 runs parallel to the main pipe 12 in this case. It could also run spirally around the main pipe 12.
  • the secondary pipe 20 has a diameter of preferably more than 10 mm, 12 mm or more than 14 mm and preferably less than 22 mm or less than 20 mm.
  • the secondary pipe 20 is preferably welded and / or soldered to the main pipe 12. It can be connected to the main pipe 12 along its entire length or only ent long by subsections. In principle, the secondary pipe 20 could also be clamped to the main pipe 12.
  • the secondary pipe 20 is preferably just as long as the main pipe 12. However, it could also be shorter or longer.
  • the secondary pipe 20 is hollow and also filled with a PCM material 21. It could also be massive. Both the main pipe 12 and the secondary pipe 20 consist of or comprise metal, in particular copper or a copper alloy.
  • the cross-sectional area of the secondary pipe 20 is preferably smaller than that of the main pipe 12.
  • the main pipe 12 and the secondary pipe 20 have in this gameniessbei a cross section that has the shape of a circle.
  • the cross section could also be rectangular, square or oval or have the shape of an n-polygon or be approximated to such a shape.
  • the heat-conducting connector 15 in the case of a direct connection of the heat-conducting connector 15 to the pipe arrangement 11, the heat-conducting connector 15, as already explained, could be soldered and / or welded and / or clamped directly to the main pipe 12. In addition or as an alternative to this, however, it could also be soldered and / or welded and / or clamped directly to the auxiliary tube 20.
  • FIG. 4A it is shown that the heat conducting stub 15 is in turn connected to a cuff 16.
  • this cuff 16 again encompasses the pipe arrangement 11.
  • the cuff 16 encompasses both the main pipe 12 and the secondary pipe 20.
  • the shape of the cuff 16 and the shape of the heat-conducting connector 15, which is attached to the cuff 16 is arranged, are in particular the receiving space between the main pipe 12 and the secondary ear 20 fits. This fact can be seen very clearly in FIG. 4B, which shows the pipe arrangement 11 consisting of the main pipe 12 and secondary pipe 20 with a cuff 16 mounted on it.
  • a heating module 10 preferably comprises a plurality of heat conduction nozzles 15 which are arranged on the pipe arrangement 11 at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the heating module 10.
  • FIG. 5 it is shown that there is a further heating module 10a in addition to the heating module 10.
  • the at least one heating module 10 is ver bindable or connected to an energy source. This can be the public power grid, an accumulator and / or solar cells.
  • the further heating module 10a is electrically connected to the at least one heating module 10.
  • the at least one heating module 10 has a first electrical connection 26a and a second electrical connection 26b.
  • the first electrical connection 26a is attached to a first end face 12a of the main pipe 12 and the second electrical connection 26b is attached to a second end face 12b of the main pipe 12.
  • a first end of the electrically operated heating element 4 is connected to the first electrical connection 26a and a second end of the electrically operated heating element 4 is connected to the second electrical connection 26b.
  • the further heating module 10b preferably also includes a first electrical connection 26a which is attached to a first end face 12a of the main pipe 12.
  • a second electrical connection 26b which is attached to a second end face 12b of the main pipe 12.
  • a first end of the electrically operated heating element 4 is connected to the first electrical connection 26a and a second end of the electrically operated heating element 4 is connected to the second electrical connection 26b.
  • the first electrical connection 26a of the further heating module 10a is preferably electrically connected to the second electrical connection 26b of the at least one heating module 10.
  • the respective current conductors 5 a of the individual heating modules 10, 10a are electrically connected to one another and the respective ground conductors 5b of the individual heating modules 10, 10a are electrically connected to one another.
  • heating modules 10, 10a, 10b can be connected in series with one another. It is only important that the current conductors 5a and the ground conductors 5b have a correspondingly large cross section so that the power can be transmitted to the individual electrically operated heating elements 4.
  • the end faces 12a, 12b of the respective main pipes 12 are closed with a closure.
  • the closure is preferably a hot melt adhesive. The same can also apply to the secondary pipes 20.
  • an (elastic) compensation means can also be arranged between the closure (consisting of or comprising, for example, hot glue and / or resin and / or silicone and / or shrink tubing and / or rubber and / or rubber stopper and / or elastomer) and the PCM material 13, one or both end faces 12a, 12b an (elastic) compensation means can also be arranged. Any expansions of the PCM material 13 or the hydraulic binder or the firebrick powder can be compensated for without the pressure in the main pipe 12 increasing.
  • the (elastic) compensating means can be, for example, cotton wool or rubber. The same can also apply to the secondary pipe 20.
  • the room arrangement 2 according to the invention is described, in which the heating arrangement 1 is used.
  • the room arrangement 2 comprises the wall 3 and a floor 30.
  • the at least one opening 31 is made, in which the at least one heat conducting nozzle 15 of the at least one heating module 10 engages.
  • the electrically operated heating element 4 of the at least one heating module 10 is in this case electrically connected to an energy source of the room arrangement 2.
  • a heat-conducting base assembly 32 which runs between the wall 3 and the floor 30.
  • the at least one heating module 10 is arranged between the wall 3, the floor 30 and the nickel-siliconducting base assembly 32. In this case, only the heat conduction clip 15 protrudes into the opening 31 of the wall 3.
  • the heat conducting base assembly 32 is preferably hung on the wall 3 is. It is further preferably from the wall 3 and also from the devisbo the 30 by a few millimeters (preferably less than 5mm, 4mm, 3mm but preferably more than 1mm and more preferably more than 2mm) spaced.
  • the heat-conducting base arrangement 32 can be, for example, wood, synthetic wood, stone or metal (for example copper sheet) or a composite material.
  • the heat-conducting base assembly 32 should be aging-resistant constant, rot-resistant and rot-proof. It should also be moisture-resistant and dimensionally stable (at different temperatures).
  • the heat-conducting base assembly 32 can be formed, for example, from a material offered under the label purenit® from puren gmbh in Germany on the filing date. This material can be sawed and milled without any problems.
  • FIG. 6B shows that the wall 3 comprises a receiving opening 33 in the region of the base 30, in which the at least one heating module 10 is partially or completely, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the opening 31 then extends further into the wall 3, starting from the receiving opening 33.
  • the heat conducting base assembly 32 is not shown angled but running straight and only closes this receiving opening 33.
  • the opening 31 is shown significantly larger than the at least one heat conducting nozzle 15.
  • the opening 31 is as large as the heat conducting nozzle 15, so that the heat transfer resistance is as large as possible is low.
  • the receiving opening 33 could also be attached at other locations on the wall 3.
  • the receiving opening 33 can also run vertically, ie vertically and not horizontally.
  • Warming arrangement 1 can also be mounted vertically from the wall 3 without the use of a receiving opening 33 only with means of the opening 31, even if the horizontal orientation (parallel to the floor 30) is preferred.
  • a room plan of the room arrangement 2 is Darge provides.
  • the room arrangement 2 comprises several rooms or rooms 40a, 40b, 40a, which are separated from one another by doors, for example.
  • the heating arrangements 1 comprise a different number of heating modules 10, 10a, 10b.
  • Each heating arrangement 1 preferably comprises at least one temperature sensor or temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor is also preferably in the area of the pipe arrangement 11 of at least one heating module 10, 10a, 10b arranged.
  • each heating module 10, 10a, 10b could also have a temperature sensor.
  • the individual rooms 40a, 40b, 40c can each have a temperature sensor.
  • Each heating arrangement 1 preferably comprises a control device 50.
  • the control device 50 is then connected to the temperature sensor or sensors in a wireless or wired manner and designed to receive a temperature value from the temperature sensor or sensors.
  • the control device 50 is also designed to connect or disconnect the electrically operated heating element 4 of the at least one heating module 10, 10a, 10b to the energy source as a function of a predetermined target temperature and a measured actual temperature. If several heating modules 10, 10a, 10b are connected in series, this also occurs automatically for the further heating modules 10a, 10b. In principle, it would be possible for the heating modules 10, 10a, 10b of a heating arrangement 1 to be able to be opened and closed independently of one another.
  • a plurality of heating arrangements 1 can preferably share a common control device 50.
  • the control device 50 controls the heating arrangements 1 in all three rooms 40a, 40b and 40c.
  • the temperature sensor In principle, it would also be possible for the temperature sensor to modulate the temperature measured value onto the current conductor 5a, so that the control device 50 can demodulate this current value when it is connected to the same safety circuit.
  • a viewing device is present in order to connect the electrically operated heating element 4 in the at least one heating module 10, 10a, 10b to the energy source and to separate it therefrom.
  • This viewing device can be controlled by the control device 50. This can in turn be done wirelessly or wired.
  • the Schah device can be arranged in each heating module 10, 10a, 10b and separate the resistance wire 7 from the conductor 5a or the earth conductor 5b.
  • the viewing device could also only be used on the first tion module 10 so that all heating modules 10, 10a, 10b are switched on and off at the same time.
  • the control device 10 is also designed to transmit the actual temperature to a mobile terminal via a communication network and to receive a target temperature from the mobile terminal. Switch-on times at which the control device 10 connects the electrically actuatable heating element 4 to the energy source can also be transmitted via the mobile terminal.
  • Switching on can also take place depending on the electricity price. If the electricity price falls below a threshold value, it is switched on and above the threshold value it is switched off. Switching on can also take place as a function of a frequency of the power grid. If the frequency is above a threshold value (e.g. above 50 Hz in Europe), it is switched on and below it it is switched off. In this way, the power grid can also be stabilized.
  • a threshold value e.g. above 50 Hz in Europe
  • Pulsed operation is also possible.
  • the pulse / pause ratio can be in the range of milliseconds, seconds or minutes.
  • a diameter of the main pipe 12 is approximately 18 mm.
  • the deviation can preferably be less than + 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% or less than 10%.
  • the secondary pipe 20 preferably has a diameter of 15 mm.
  • the deviation can preferably be less than + 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% or less than 10%.
  • the secondary pipe 20 is preferably connected to the main pipe 12 in such a way that both the secondary pipe 20 and the main pipe 12 touch the wall 3. This means that a plane runs through the outermost point of the secondary pipe 20 also through the outermost point of the main pipe 12 and this Ebe ne parallel to the wall 3 or perpendicular to the floor 30 is aligned. Both the secondary pipe 20 and the main pipe 12 then end flush with the wall 3.
  • the opening 31 in the wall 3 for the heat conducting connection 15 preferably has a height and more preferably a diameter of 12 mm. Deviation Changes of preferably less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or less than 10% in both directions are permitted.
  • the heat conducting base assembly 32 more preferably has a total height of less than 10 cm, 9 cm, 8 cm, 7 cm, 6 cm or less than 5 cm but more preferably more than 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm or more than 7 cm cm.
  • the length of the main tube 12 is preferably less than 200 cm, 150 cm, 100 cm or less than 60 cm, but preferably more than 30 cm, 50 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm or preferably more than 150 cm.
  • the heating arrangement can also comprise a composite of a main pipe 12 and two secondary pipes 20, both secondary pipes 20 being connected to the main pipe 12 (as already described for a secondary pipe 20). Both secondary pipes 20 are arranged at opposite points on the main pipe 12 on this and extend in the longitudinal direction of the main pipe 12. Both secondary pipes 20 are preferably the same length and / or the same thickness. They could also be of different lengths and / or different thicknesses.
  • the heating arrangement can also comprise a composite of two main pipes 12 and a secondary pipe 20.
  • Both main pipes 12, each comprising an electrically operated heating element 4 are connected to the secondary pipe 20 (as already described for a main pipe 12).
  • Both main pipes 12 are preferably arranged at opposite points on the secondary pipe 20 on this and extend in the longitudinal direction of the secondary pipe 20.
  • Both main pipes 12 are preferably of the same length and / or the same thickness. They could also be of different lengths and / or different thicknesses. It would also be possible to use an additional secondary pipe 20 or two additional secondary pipes 20. In this case, secondary pipe 20 and main pipe 12 could be arranged alternately (secondary pipe, main pipe, secondary pipe, main pipe, secondary pipe).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de réchauffement (1) pour réchauffer un mur (3) qui comporte au moins un module de réchauffement (10). Le ou les modules de réchauffement (10) comprennent un système de tuyaux (11) qui comprend un tuyau principal (12). Le ou les modules de réchauffement (10) comportent un élément chauffant alimenté électriquement (4), qui est disposé dans le tuyau principal (12). Le tuyau principal (12) est rempli d'un matériau PCM (13) ou d'un agent liant hydraulique ou d'une chamotte pulvérisée. Le ou les modules de réchauffement (10) comportent un manchon thermoconducteur (15) qui est relié indirectement ou directement au système de tuyaux (11) pour transmettre de l'énergie thermique entre le tuyau principal (12) et l'au moins un manchon thermoconducteur (15) et est situé sur le côté du tuyau principal (11). Au moins une partie du ou des manchons thermoconducteurs (15) peut être mise en place dans une ouverture (31) du mur (3), un réchauffement du tuyau principal (12) aboutissant à un réchauffement du ou des manchons thermoconducteurs (15) et ainsi à un réchauffement du mur (3).
EP20716726.3A 2019-03-29 2020-03-27 Système de réchauffement pour réchauffer un mur et système de pièce ayant un mur pourvu d'un système de réchauffement de ce genre Pending EP3746710A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019108193.9A DE102019108193A1 (de) 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Erwärmungsanordnung zum Erwärmen einer Wand und Raumanordnung mit einer Wand mit einer solchen Erwärmungsanordnung
PCT/EP2020/058719 WO2020201090A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2020-03-27 Système de réchauffement pour réchauffer un mur et système de pièce ayant un mur pourvu d'un système de réchauffement de ce genre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3746710A1 true EP3746710A1 (fr) 2020-12-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20716726.3A Pending EP3746710A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2020-03-27 Système de réchauffement pour réchauffer un mur et système de pièce ayant un mur pourvu d'un système de réchauffement de ce genre

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EP (1) EP3746710A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019108193A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020201090A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20306860U1 (de) * 2002-05-03 2003-09-11 Uponor Innovation Ab Strangförmiges Heizelement
DE20208898U1 (de) * 2002-06-10 2002-10-02 Emcal Waermesysteme Gmbh Klimadecke mit PCM und dazu verwendbarer Beutel
KR20110101451A (ko) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-16 (주)참소리전자통신 축열재 또는 축열부재를 이용한 난방설비장치
EP3021048B1 (fr) * 2014-11-12 2020-01-01 Christoph Blümel Systeme de sechage
CN205560959U (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-09-07 潘杭 电地暖蓄热节能集成一体板

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WO2020201090A1 (fr) 2020-10-08

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