EP3742466A1 - Ensemble de circuit permettant de commuter de manière sécurisée un consommateur électrique selon une mesure de sécurité - Google Patents

Ensemble de circuit permettant de commuter de manière sécurisée un consommateur électrique selon une mesure de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3742466A1
EP3742466A1 EP19176371.3A EP19176371A EP3742466A1 EP 3742466 A1 EP3742466 A1 EP 3742466A1 EP 19176371 A EP19176371 A EP 19176371A EP 3742466 A1 EP3742466 A1 EP 3742466A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
connection
excitation coil
switching
restart switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19176371.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3742466B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Lindner
Frank Woortmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Electric GmbH
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Wieland Electric GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Electric GmbH filed Critical Wieland Electric GmbH
Priority to EP19176371.3A priority Critical patent/EP3742466B1/fr
Publication of EP3742466A1 publication Critical patent/EP3742466A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3742466B1 publication Critical patent/EP3742466B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H2047/003—Detecting welded contacts and applying weld break pulses to coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H01H47/005—Safety control circuits therefor, e.g. chain of relays mutually monitoring each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching arrangement for switching an electrical load safely in accordance with a safety regulation, comprising: a first changeover relay, a first connection for a first safety switch, a second connection for an external restart switch, a third connection for an actuator, and a first internal restart switch, wherein a first excitation coil of the first changeover relay is connected to the first connection and to the internal restart switch in such a way that a current flow through the first excitation coil is only caused when the first safety switch is in a predetermined switching state and when the first internal restart switch is switching .
  • safety relays are used to safely switch electrical consumers on and off, which are potentially dangerous for people and material.
  • electrical consumers are, for example, presses, milling tools, burners, etc.
  • the power supply for the electrical consumer is controlled via actuator connections of the safety relay, which are used to meet the relevant safety regulations and certifications are designed with regard to functional safety (EN ISO 13849, EN / IEC 61508, EN / IEC 61511, EN / IEC 62061 etc.).
  • Safety controls usually have a number of connections for the working contacts of a safety switch.
  • a connection is understood here to mean any terminal arrangement that enables the switching status of the safety switch to be queried. This can e.g. can also be a single terminal at defined potential levels for each switching state, but as a rule there will be two terminals that are connected to one another via the safety switch.
  • the safety switch can e.g. be an emergency stop switch, position or position monitoring e.g. a safety door, a light barrier, a safety mat, etc.
  • the safety switch usually has a "safe" position to be determined depending on the application, e.g. Light barrier not interrupted, i.e. no person in the danger area, and a "not safe” position, e.g. Protective door position open, i.e. Danger.
  • the power supply to the electrical consumer should be interrupted when the safety switching element is no longer in the "safe" position.
  • the above standards usually define certain levels (in EN ISO 13849: Performance Level) of safety, the necessity of which is determined depending on the application. This is done by evaluating the risk based on the extent of damage, frequency and length of stay and the possibility of avoiding the hazard. Depending on the required safety level, there are then corresponding ones for the safety relay Requirements to meet this level. At higher levels it is necessary that the safety relay can handle welding of a relay contact. It is not only intended to ensure that the electrical consumer is switched off safely despite the error mentioned, but that in particular switching on the electrical consumer is also avoided.
  • a positively driven relay also relays with positively driven contacts
  • a positively driven relay has a make contact and a break contact, which are mechanically connected to one another in such a way that it is prevented that the make and break contacts are closed at the same time. This means that one contact is available for the actual switching function, while the other contact can be used to check the switching status in conjunction with a suitable circuit.
  • circuit described there avoids the use of positively driven relays, microcontrollers are required for its implementation.
  • the circuit described there purchases a technical simplification on the mechanical side with a higher complexity with regard to the control, namely by switching to digital technology.
  • a changeover switch of the first changeover relay on which the first excitation coil acts, switches the third connection for the actuator conductive when the first excitation coil is in a current-carrying state, and an active connection between the second connection when the first excitation coil is de-energized for the external restart switch and the first internal restart switch.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the elimination of technically complex components such as positively driven relays while simultaneously dispensing with microcontrollers could only be achieved if the desired goal of uncovering a welded relay was achieved in a different way than in the prior art. It was recognized here that the state of the art is essentially always based on first recognizing welding of the relay by checking switching paths, and then detecting welding in response to this initiate appropriate safe shutdown. In complete contrast to this, the aim of the concept described here was to directly prevent the restart switch from being switched on again in the event of a welded relay. It was recognized that this is possible by using changeover relays and looping the signal path from the external restart switch via the alternate signal path of the changeover relay to the actuator switching path. If the relay is welded, the actuator switching path remains closed and the signal path of the restart switch remains interrupted. A restart is therefore impossible.
  • This switching arrangement advantageously further comprises: a second changeover relay, which is connected in series with the first changeover relay, a fourth connection for a second safety switch, a second internal restart switch, an excitation coil of the second changeover relay in this way with the fourth connection and with the second internal restart switch is connected that a current flow through the excitation coil is only caused when the second safety switch is in a predetermined switching state and when the internal restart switch experiences a switching process, a changeover switch of the second changeover relay, on which the second excitation coil acts, in the current-carrying state second excitation coil switches the third connection for the actuator conductive and, when the excitation coil is de-energized, there is an operative connection between the second connection for the external restart switch and the second internal restart switch tend shifts.
  • the switching arrangement comprises a second safety circuit which is redundant to the first safety circuit and has its own Safety switch and own switching relay.
  • the safety switch when the safety switch is triggered, even when a relay is welded, it is ensured in a particularly simple manner that the current flow at the actuator connection is definitely interrupted by switching off the other relay.
  • the fact that both relays interrupt the signal path to both internal restart switches ensures that neither of the two excitation coils can re-energize due to the welded relay and the signal path that is interrupted, as pressing the external restart switch has no effect.
  • the changeover relays each have an input terminal, a work output terminal and a quiescent output terminal, the changeover relays being designed in such a way that when the respective exciter coil is in a current-carrying state, a current path from the respective input terminal to the work output terminal is switched on and the respective exciter coil is switched on when the current is de-energized The current path from the respective input terminal to the idle output terminal is switched conductive.
  • the changeover relays are connected to one another at their respective input terminals, and the respective work output terminals are connected to a current path of the third connection for the actuator, and the respective idle output terminals are in a current path of the active connection between the second connection for the external restart switch , as well as the first and the second internal restart switch.
  • the described interruption of the signal path from the external restart switch is particularly easy to ensure with regard to its effect on both safety circuits in that the first and second internal restart switches are advantageously connected in series on the control side. In this way, an interruption automatically prevents signaling to both internal restart switches.
  • the operative connection between the external restart switch and the first and second internal restart switch comprises a feedback circuit in which the two changeover relays, the first and second internal restart switch on the control side and a power source are connected in series, the power source being connected to the second connection on the control side for the external restart switch is connected.
  • the first and / or the second internal restart switch are designed in such a way that the control and switching sides are each galvanically separated are.
  • the first and / or the second internal restart switch are particularly advantageously designed as optocouplers.
  • the use of the changeover relays in the event of welding can result in the operating voltage of the actuator being fed into the feedback circuit of the active connection between the external and internal restart switches.
  • the safety circuits are galvanically separated from the feedback and output circuits.
  • the galvanic isolation is used for electrical safety and is intended to protect the electronics of the safety circuits from damage.
  • the second connection for the external restart switch is advantageously also galvanically isolated from the feedback circuit. This prevents the terminals of the external restart switch from being subjected to the high voltage.
  • each excitation coil is assigned a capacitor and a charging switch, the internal restart switch assigned to the excitation coil being arranged in the charging circuit of the respective capacitor in such a way that the capacitor is charged when the internal restart switch is actuated, and the respective charging switch is arranged between the respective capacitor and the respective excitation coil for charging the excitation coil and is designed such that it is opened when the respective internal restart switch is actuated and closed when the respective internal restart switch is not actuated.
  • the changeover relay of the respective excitation coil advantageously has a self-holding function. This ensures in a simple manner that the short current pulse due to the discharging of the capacitor leads to the excitation coil having current flowing through it permanently.
  • the changeover relay could have a second switch which is actuated by the excitation coil and which switches a supply path to the excitation coil conductive.
  • an optocoupler can be provided which is coupled to the excitation coil current on the control side, i.e. whose optical transmitter e.g. is connected directly in series with the excitation coil, and which on the switching side also switches a supply path to the excitation coil conductive. Appropriate interconnection ensures that when the safety switch is actuated, the current flow through the exciter coil is interrupted in any case.
  • the safety regulation described is EN ISO 13849 or one of its successor standards.
  • the standard provides safety requirements and guidelines for the design and integration of safety-related parts of machine controls, including the development of software. It properties of these parts are specified that are required to carry out the corresponding safety functions.
  • validation procedures including analysis and testing, are established for the safety functions of the relevant parts of the controls.
  • the standard thus defines technical parameters of the switching arrangement described here.
  • a safety relay for switching an electrical load safely in accordance with a safety regulation preferably comprises a switching arrangement as described.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are, in particular, that a restart by actuating the restart switch in a safety relay is reliably avoided by using ordinary changeover relays and simultaneous looping of the signal from the restart switch via the closed-circuit current path of the changeover relay.
  • the performance level PLd (single-fault-proof) of EN ISO 13849 can be achieved without resorting to positively driven relays or microcontrollers.
  • the FIG 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a switching arrangement 1 in a safety relay.
  • the switching arrangement has a first connection 2 for a first safety switch, a second connection 4 for an external restart switch, a third connection 6 (here with two terminals) for an actuator and a fourth connection 8 for a second safety switch.
  • the two safety switches can be any type of safety sensor; for example, the two redundant channels of a two-channel emergency stop switch can be connected here.
  • two individual switches can be connected, or position monitoring, for example a step mat or a light barrier.
  • the switching arrangement 1 should be designed in accordance with EN ISO 13849.
  • the function of the switching arrangement is as follows: The two safety switches must be in a defined state (closed in the exemplary embodiment). If the restart switch connected to the second connection 4 is then actuated for a predetermined period of time, ie closed for the period of time in the exemplary embodiment and then opened again, the power supply to the actuator via the third connection 6 is released.
  • the connections 6, 8 each act on a first and second safety circuit 10, 12, each of which includes an excitation coil of a changeover relay 14, 16.
  • the changeover relays 14, 16 are connected in series in the current path of the connection 6 for the actuator. If both changeover relays 14, 16 pick up, connection 6 of the actuator is released.
  • a redundant circuit described so far ensures that in the event of a typical fault, namely welding of a changeover relay 14, 16, the redundancy of the safety switches (as a rule, these should switch simultaneously) still ensures that the actuator is switched off safely.
  • a feedback circuit 18 is provided in the circuit arrangement 1.
  • This comprises a power source 20, which is connected on the control side to the connection 4 for the restart switch. Activation of the restart switch thus generates a current in the feedback circuit 18.
  • the feedback circuit 18 is connected in series through the respective closed-circuit current terminals of the changeover relays 14, 16, so that a current can only flow in the feedback circuit 18 when both changeover relays 14, 16 are in their rest position . If only one of the changeover relays 14, 16 is welded in the working position, the feedback circuit 18 is interrupted and thus the operative connection between the external restart switch at the second connection 4 and the also Internal restart switches 22, 24 connected in series in the feedback circuit 18 are interrupted.
  • the internal restart switches 22, 24 each act in the manner described above on one of the safety circuits 10, 12, i.e. only when the internal restart switch 22, 24 is actuated and released again for a predetermined period of time and the respective safety switch is in a defined state, the excitation coil is energized and the changeover relay 14, 16 assigned to the safety circuit 10, 12 is brought into the working position, ie the connection 6 is switched on.
  • FIG 2 shows a concrete variant of a FIG 1 described switching arrangement 1 using a circuit diagram.
  • the functional parts are each connected to the working voltage VCC, in the exemplary embodiment +24 V DC.
  • the circuit could also have a complementary structure so that the functional parts are connected to ground GND.
  • Mixed forms are also possible as exemplary embodiments, that is to say, for example, that one safety circuit 10 is connected to working voltage VCC and the other safety circuit 12 is connected to ground GND. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art what modifications are to be made in this regard.
  • the first connection 2 comprises two terminals S11 and S12.
  • the first terminal S11 is internally connected to the working voltage VCC, which is fed to terminal S12 via the first connected safety switch S1 when the switching state is closed.
  • the terminal S12 is connected to the excitation coil K1-A of the first changeover relay 14, which is arranged in the first safety circuit 10.
  • the internal restart switch 22 also acts on the first safety circuit 10, which in the exemplary embodiment of FIG FIG 2 is designed as an optocoupler. The structure and function of the first safety circuit 10 are explained below.
  • the working voltage VCC is applied to a connection of the excitation coil K1-A to which a freewheeling diode D1 is connected in parallel.
  • the other connection of the excitation coil K1-A is connected via the diode D2 and the transistor Q1 to a negative pole of the capacitor C1, which is also connected at its positive pole to the working voltage VCC.
  • the collector side of the transistor Q1 faces the excitation pulse K1-A.
  • the base of the transistor is connected to the working voltage VCC via a resistor R2 and in parallel via a resistor R4 to the negative pole of the capacitor C1.
  • a resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1. Via a diode D3, a resistor R5 and the switching side of the optocoupler K3 the negative pole of the capacitor can be connected to ground GND by closing the optocoupler K3. This is the capacitor's charging path.
  • the optocoupler K3 If the optocoupler K3 is open, the base and emitter are at the same potential. The transistor Q1 is conductive, so that the capacitor C1 is discharged. If, on the other hand, the optocoupler K3 closes, two things happen according to the arrangement described above: The base of the transistor Q1 is biased negatively, so that the transistor Q1 becomes blocking. At the same time, the charging circuit of the capacitor C1 is closed, so that the capacitor C1 is charged. The Dimensioning of the resistor R5 determines the speed of the charging process.
  • the changeover relay 14 pulls and goes into the switching position.
  • the changeover relay 14 has a changeover switch K1-B, the input contact of which is connected to ground GND via a resistor R1 and whose normally open contact is connected to the other end of the excitation pulse K1-A, so that the changeover relay 14 is latched.
  • the second changeover switch K1-C also goes into the working position (see below).
  • the self-holding is implemented via an optocoupler.
  • the switch K1-B is not an additional switch of the changeover relay 14, but the switch of an optocoupler, ie a phototransistor.
  • this optocoupler On the control side, ie with its optical transmitter, this optocoupler is directly connected in series with the excitation coil K1-A.
  • Such a configuration has the same effect: if the excitation coil K1-A is only briefly energized, the optical transmitter of the optocoupler emits light and the phototransistor closes - the changeover relay 14 goes into latching mode.
  • the second safety circuit 12 is completely identical and therefore has a redundant structure to the safety circuit 10. The The description is therefore the same and can be omitted.
  • the relevant components of the second safety circuit 12 are terminals S21, S22 of connection 8, to which the safety switch S2 is connected, as well as capacitor C2, optocoupler K4, diodes D5, D6, D7, resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, Transistor Q2 and excitation coil K2-A of the second changeover relay 16 with the first changeover switch K2-B.
  • the changeover switches K1-C and K2-C of the changeover relays 14, 16 are connected to their input contacts.
  • the working contacts of the changeover switches K1-C and K2-C are each connected to a terminal 13 or 14.
  • Mains voltage L1 (230V in the exemplary embodiment) is connected to terminal 13 via a fuse F1. If both changeover switches K1-C, K2-C are in the working position, this voltage is switched to the second terminal 14, which is connected to a neutral conductor N via a contactor K11. This serves as an actuator for switching the consumer.
  • the closed current contacts of the changeover switches K1-C, K2-C, on the other hand, are connected to the feedback circuit 18.
  • the current source 20 comprises a coil of a transformer T1, which is provided with a filter, which consists of a series-connected diode D4 and one connected in parallel to both Capacitor C3 exists.
  • the power source 20 provides an (almost) direct voltage.
  • a square-wave generator G1 is connected, which is connected to the terminal S34.
  • the connection 4 also has a Terminal S33, which is connected to the working voltage VCC.

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EP19176371.3A 2019-05-24 2019-05-24 Ensemble de circuit permettant de commuter de manière sécurisée un consommateur électrique selon une mesure de sécurité Active EP3742466B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19176371.3A EP3742466B1 (fr) 2019-05-24 2019-05-24 Ensemble de circuit permettant de commuter de manière sécurisée un consommateur électrique selon une mesure de sécurité

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19176371.3A EP3742466B1 (fr) 2019-05-24 2019-05-24 Ensemble de circuit permettant de commuter de manière sécurisée un consommateur électrique selon une mesure de sécurité

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EP3742466A1 true EP3742466A1 (fr) 2020-11-25
EP3742466B1 EP3742466B1 (fr) 2023-08-09

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023194251A1 (fr) * 2022-04-07 2023-10-12 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Détection d'un état commuté d'un élément de commutation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3541338A1 (de) * 1985-11-22 1987-05-27 Pepperl & Fuchs Schaltung mit selbstueberwachung
DE19750958A1 (de) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur manuellen und/oder automatischen Steuerung von zumindest einem Freigabepfad
DE19935639A1 (de) * 1998-07-30 2000-05-04 Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh & Co Sicherheitsschaltung
DE102005014125A1 (de) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung zum sicheren Abschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers
EP3051554A1 (fr) 2015-02-02 2016-08-03 Omron Corporation Unité de relais et procédé pour commander un circuit à relais

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3541338A1 (de) * 1985-11-22 1987-05-27 Pepperl & Fuchs Schaltung mit selbstueberwachung
DE19750958A1 (de) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur manuellen und/oder automatischen Steuerung von zumindest einem Freigabepfad
DE19935639A1 (de) * 1998-07-30 2000-05-04 Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh & Co Sicherheitsschaltung
DE102005014125A1 (de) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung zum sicheren Abschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers
EP3051554A1 (fr) 2015-02-02 2016-08-03 Omron Corporation Unité de relais et procédé pour commander un circuit à relais

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023194251A1 (fr) * 2022-04-07 2023-10-12 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Détection d'un état commuté d'un élément de commutation

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