EP3735321B1 - Centrifuge - Google Patents

Centrifuge Download PDF

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EP3735321B1
EP3735321B1 EP18855113.9A EP18855113A EP3735321B1 EP 3735321 B1 EP3735321 B1 EP 3735321B1 EP 18855113 A EP18855113 A EP 18855113A EP 3735321 B1 EP3735321 B1 EP 3735321B1
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centrifugal drum
holes
centrifuge according
partition walls
wall
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3735321A1 (en
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Guntram Krettek
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a centrifuge with a stationary outer housing, a centrifugal drum which is rotatably mounted in the outer housing and has an outer wall, a drive for the centrifugal drum to rotate it, a cleaning device for the sediment deposited on the outer wall of the centrifugal drum, and inlet and outlet connections, the centrifugal drum chambers separated from one another by ring-shaped horizontal partitions.
  • centrifuge is, for example, from DE 199 25 082 B4 known.
  • the known centrifuge is designed as a wet classification device with a centrifugal drum arranged in the outer housing and mounted overhung with an inner wall, a bearing housing extending from below into the recess formed by the inner wall, and a vertically arranged shaft extending from below through the bearing housing for rotating the centrifugal drum .
  • Such a centrifuge is used, for example, as a wet classification device for separating off the coarse fraction of powders.
  • a wet classification device for separating off the coarse fraction of powders.
  • ultra-fine materials with a particle size between 0.1-5 ⁇ m are used.
  • the solid is mixed with a liquid in a premix tank to obtain a suspension.
  • the suspension is fed into the wet classification device designed as a centrifuge. Inside the rotating centrifugal drum, the heavier and coarser particles are moved faster than the lighter and finer particles in the suspension radially outwards against the drum wall, where they settle as sediment.
  • the sediment is detached from the drum wall in cleaning phases of the wet classification device, with cleaning fluids, mechanical cleaning devices such as knives etc. being used for this purpose, depending on the embodiment.
  • the sediment redispersed in the cleaning liquid is finally removed from the centrifugal drum and fed, for example, to a separately arranged ball mill, in which the coarse fraction of the redispersed suspension is ground.
  • the prepared suspension can then be reintroduced into the system.
  • the classified suspension is continuously withdrawn from the wet classification device during the classification process and sent for further use.
  • centrifuges it is known to divide the centrifugal drum by horizontal partitions into chambers which are separate from one another and arranged one above the other. This is the case, for example, with centrifuges with a high Aspect ratio known to provide a large number of stacked chambers. For example, six, seven or more chambers are arranged one above the other.
  • the DE 198 01 733 A1 shows passages whose shape is not given in detail.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a centrifuge of the type described in the introduction, which has particularly good flow conditions within the centrifugal drum.
  • the through-holes provided according to the invention in the partition walls separating the individual chambers from one another ensure pressure equalization between chamber and chamber and allow the suspension to be classified to flow through from chamber to chamber. They therefore have the function of calming holes, so that largely uniform and calmed flow conditions prevail between the individual chambers within the centrifugal drum, since a balancing effect is achieved via the through-holes provided.
  • the leveling effect achieved ensures that the centrifuge functions largely uniformly over the height of the centrifugal chamber, so that a uniform centrifuging or classifying effect is achieved.
  • the through holes provided are in the form of oblong holes or tail holes. Slotted holes are characterized by a straight axis, while tail holes have a curved axis.
  • the invention provides for a special position and alignment of the elongated holes/tail holes, in one embodiment the axis of the oblong holes extends in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum from radially inwards at an angle to radially outwards. In the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum, the tail holes are convexly curved from radially inwards to radially outwards.
  • the through holes By designing the through holes as oblong holes or tail holes, a forced flow is specified, so that the flow balance between the chamber and the chamber is realized via directed flow effects. Due to the special positioning of the elongated holes/tail holes, a forced flow in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum is realized obliquely outwards in the direction of the outer wall of the drum, so that improved cleaning effects can also be achieved as a result.
  • the curved tail holes ensure gentler flow conditions, as they approach the outer wall of the centrifugal drum in an arc shape.
  • openings extending in the circumferential direction are arranged on the outer edge of the partition walls with a circumferential spacing. With these openings, a targeted axial flow is achieved in the edge area of the centrifugal drum, as a result of which the formation of sediment deposits in the corners of the chamber is avoided. A more uniform deposit of sediment over the height of the individual chambers is thus achieved, or a better cleaning effect is achieved, since a cleaning passage of the corresponding suspension is possible directly adjacent to the outer wall of the centrifugal drum.
  • the openings are preferably in the form of narrow slits which extend along the outer wall over parts of the circumference of the respective partition.
  • Another further development of the invention relates to the feature that the outer wall of the centrifugal drum has ring-shaped shoulders which protrude radially inwards and to which the partition walls are connected.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a welding process does not have to take place directly on the outer wall of the centrifugal drum in order to attach the partition walls, so that the outer wall cannot be damaged by the welding process. Rather, the welding process can take place at the annular shoulders provided, i.e. at a distance from the outer wall of the centrifugal drum.
  • the centrifugal drum is therefore manufactured directly with appropriate lugs to avoid direct welding of partitions.
  • the connection to the lugs can be done, for example, by welding, gluing, shrinking or other connection methods.
  • the centrifuge according to the invention is designed in particular as a wet classification device.
  • a wet classification device is, for example, in the one mentioned at the outset DE 199 25 082 B4 described.
  • the centrifugal drum is preferably cantilevered within the stationary outer housing.
  • a bearing housing extending from below into a recess formed by an inner wall of the centrifugal drum and a vertically arranged bearing housing extending from below through the bearing housing extending shaft may be provided for rotating the centrifugal drum.
  • the aspect ratio of the centrifugal drum L/D is preferably ⁇ 0.8, where L is the length or height of the classification surface available in the centrifugal drum and D is the inside diameter of the centrifugal drum.
  • the centrifuge as a cleaning device, has a combination of mechanical features and a device for supplying a dispersing liquid.
  • a cleaning device of this type it is possible to peel off or remove the sediment cake without any problems, without the risk of damage occurring to the cutting devices and the shafts of the cleaning device carrying them. This reduces wear on the cutting devices.
  • the cleaning device comprises a shaft that can be pivoted or moved linearly in the centrifugal drum, on the circumference of which at least two strip-shaped cutting devices are arranged, which have a gap between them at their adjacent ends, and a device for introducing a dispersing liquid into the centrifugal drum.
  • a cleaning device is in EP 1 434 655 B1 described.
  • the centrifuge shown in the form of a wet classification device has a stationary housing 1 with a cover 15 arranged thereon.
  • the stationary housing 1 has suitable vibration damping devices stored in a storage rack.
  • a vertical-axis centrifugal drum 2 is placed, which is rotated by a vertical shaft 8.
  • the vertical shaft 8 extends into the centrifugal drum 2 from below. It is surrounded by a bearing housing 11 containing an upper main bearing 9 and a lower second bearing 10 for supporting the shaft 8 .
  • the bearing housing 11 is fixed to a plate 17 which in turn is fixed to the stationary housing 1.
  • the shaft 8 extends through the bearing housing 11 and the plate 17 downwards via a suitable coupling device 18 to an electric motor 12 forming a direct drive.
  • the speed of the shaft 8 is adjustable.
  • the centrifugal drum 2 has a suitable supply (not shown) for the suspension to be classified, which extends, for example in the form of a tube, through the centrifugal drum, which is open at the top, into the latter and to its lower end area, where it has an outlet opening.
  • the classified suspension is drawn off from the upper end of the centrifugal drum 2 via a discharge pipe 16, for example.
  • a discharge pipe 14 at the lower end of the centrifugal drum is used to draw off the sediment.
  • the centrifugal drum is thus circular in its lower region and circular in its upper region.
  • Horizontal partitions 4 divide the interior of the centrifugal drum into six classification chambers 3 arranged one above the other, in the radial end regions of which the sediment is deposited.
  • the partition walls 4 forming the individual separation chambers are provided with individual through holes 31 which are distributed over the circumference of the partition walls 4 at a circumferential distance from one another. In figure 1 these through holes 31 are not shown, whereas they are in figure 2 are shown.
  • figure 2 12 is a horizontal section through the centrifugal drum 2 looking toward one of the annular partitions 4 extending inwardly from the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum.
  • the through-holes 31 are in the form of oblong holes, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum 2 obliquely from radially inwards to radially outwards.
  • the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum 2 is therefore in figure 2 counterclockwise.
  • a through hole 31 is detailed in figure 5 shown on an enlarged scale.
  • openings 32 extending in the circumferential direction are provided on the outer edge of the partition wall 4 with a circumferential spacing
  • the through holes 31 allow flow from separating chamber 3 to separating chamber 3 and provide a forced flow in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the elongated holes.
  • more functional flow conditions voidance of turbulence, etc.
  • better cleaning effects are achieved overall.
  • particularly smooth flow conditions are achieved.
  • the openings 32 provided on the outer edge of the dividing wall ensure a targeted axial flow on the outer edge of the individual separating chambers and thus prevent the formation of projections in the respective chamber corners, so that better cleaning effects are also achieved as a result.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show the more precise design of the cleaning device in connection with the partition walls 4 or separating chambers 3.
  • the cleaning device has a shaft 20 on which cutting devices 21, 22 are arranged, which are set in such a way that they are at an angle ( ⁇ /2) of 15 °-45° to a plane intersecting the shaft axis perpendicularly.
  • the main plane of the cutting devices 21, 22 extends perpendicularly to the axis of the shaft 20, but can also run obliquely to it, so that the gap X and the space 26 also expand in the radial direction to a larger diameter.
  • the horizontal sectional view of figure 4 shows the in figure 3 lower cutting device 21 with its cutting head 27 and cutting bar 28.
  • the cutting device consists, for example, of a flat steel profile.
  • FIG 3 the respective elongated holes 31 in the partitions 4 are shown.
  • no elongated holes with a straight longitudinal axis are provided as through holes 31, but so-called tail holes.
  • These tail holes are convex in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum from radially inside to radially curved outside.
  • Corresponding openings 32 are also shown.
  • figure 5 shows a partial plan view of a partition wall 4 with a through hole 31 designed as an elongated hole and openings 32 in an enlarged representation.
  • figure 6 shows a partial vertical section through the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum 2 with the partition wall 4 welded on.
  • This type of attachment has the advantage that it is not necessary to weld directly to the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum in order to attach the partition wall 4 . Rather, the corresponding welding process takes place on the corresponding attachment 33, so that the outer wall is protected.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifuge mit einem stationären Außengehäuse, einer im Außengehäuse drehbar gelagerten Schleudertrommel mit einer Außenwand, einem Antrieb für die Schleudertrommel zum Rotierenlassen derselben, einer Reinigungsvorrichtung für das an der Außenwand der Schleudertrommel abgesetzte Sediment sowie Zu- und Abführungen, wobei die Schleudertrommel durch ringförmig ausgebildete horizontale Trennwände voneinander getrennte Kammern aufweist.The present invention relates to a centrifuge with a stationary outer housing, a centrifugal drum which is rotatably mounted in the outer housing and has an outer wall, a drive for the centrifugal drum to rotate it, a cleaning device for the sediment deposited on the outer wall of the centrifugal drum, and inlet and outlet connections, the centrifugal drum chambers separated from one another by ring-shaped horizontal partitions.

Eine derartige Zentrifuge ist beispielsweise aus der DE 199 25 082 B4 bekannt. Die bekannte Zentrifuge ist als Nassklassiereinrichtung mit einer im Außengehäuse angeordneten und fliegend gelagerten Schleudertrommel mit einer Innenwand, einem sich von unten in die durch die Innenwand gebildete Ausnehmung erstreckenden Lagergehäuse und einer vertikal angeordneten, sich von unten durch das Lagergehäuse erstreckenden Welle zum Rotierenlassen der Schleudertrommel ausgebildet.Such a centrifuge is, for example, from DE 199 25 082 B4 known. The known centrifuge is designed as a wet classification device with a centrifugal drum arranged in the outer housing and mounted overhung with an inner wall, a bearing housing extending from below into the recess formed by the inner wall, and a vertically arranged shaft extending from below through the bearing housing for rotating the centrifugal drum .

Eine derartige Zentrifuge findet beispielsweise als Nassklassiereinrichtung zur Abtrennung des Grobanteiles von Pulvern Verwendung. So finden heutzutage immer mehr ultrafeine Materialien mit einer Partikelgröße zwischen 0,1-5 um Verwendung. Bei derartigen Nassklassierzentrifugen wird der Feststoff mit einer Flüssigkeit in einem Vormischtank vermischt, um eine Suspension zu erhalten. Die Suspension wird in die als Zentrifuge ausgebildete Nassklassiereinrichtung eingeführt. Innerhalb der rotierenden Schleudertrommel werden die schwereren und gröberen Partikel schneller als die leichteren und feineren der Suspension radial nach außen gegen die Trommelwand geführt, wo sie sich als Sediment absetzen. Das Sediment wird in Reinigungsphasen der Nassklassiereinrichtung von der Trommelwand gelöst, wobei hierzu, je nach Ausführungsform, Reinigungsflüssigkeiten, mechanische Reinigungseinrichtungen, wie Messer etc., eingesetzt werden. Das in der Reinigungsflüssigkeit redispergierte Sediment wird schließlich aus der Schleudertrommel abgeführt und beispielsweise einer getrennt angeordneten Kugelmühle zugeführt, in der der Grobanteil der redispergierten Suspension gemahlen wird. Die aufbereitete Suspension kann dann erneut in das System eingeführt werden.Such a centrifuge is used, for example, as a wet classification device for separating off the coarse fraction of powders. Nowadays more and more ultra-fine materials with a particle size between 0.1-5 µm are used. In such wet classifying centrifuges, the solid is mixed with a liquid in a premix tank to obtain a suspension. The suspension is fed into the wet classification device designed as a centrifuge. Inside the rotating centrifugal drum, the heavier and coarser particles are moved faster than the lighter and finer particles in the suspension radially outwards against the drum wall, where they settle as sediment. The sediment is detached from the drum wall in cleaning phases of the wet classification device, with cleaning fluids, mechanical cleaning devices such as knives etc. being used for this purpose, depending on the embodiment. The sediment redispersed in the cleaning liquid is finally removed from the centrifugal drum and fed, for example, to a separately arranged ball mill, in which the coarse fraction of the redispersed suspension is ground. The prepared suspension can then be reintroduced into the system.

Die klassierte Suspension wird während des Klassiervorganges kontinuierlich von der Nassklassiereinrichtung abgezogen und der weiteren Verwendung zugeführt.The classified suspension is continuously withdrawn from the wet classification device during the classification process and sent for further use.

Bei derartigen Zentrifugen ist es bekannt, die Schleudertrommel durch horizontale Trennwände in voneinander getrennte und übereinander angeordnete Kammern aufzuteilen. So ist es beispielsweise bei Zentrifugen mit einem hohen Schlankheitsverhältnis bekannt, eine große Anzahl von übereinander angeordneten Kammern vorzusehen. So werden beispielsweise sechs, sieben oder mehr Kammern übereinander angeordnet.In such centrifuges it is known to divide the centrifugal drum by horizontal partitions into chambers which are separate from one another and arranged one above the other. This is the case, for example, with centrifuges with a high Aspect ratio known to provide a large number of stacked chambers. For example, six, seven or more chambers are arranged one above the other.

Eine derartige Aufteilung des Innenraumes der Schleudertrommel in mehrere übereinander angeordnete Kammern wird vorzugsweise vorgenommen, um während des Betriebes der Zentrifuge das Entstehen von Turbulenzen zu vermeiden. Es hat sich nunmehr jedoch gezeigt, dass eine derartige Ausbildung der Schleudertrommel mit ringförmig angeordneten Trennwänden hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionseigenschaften immer noch verbesserungswürdig ist.Such a division of the interior of the centrifugal drum into a plurality of chambers arranged one above the other is preferably carried out in order to avoid the occurrence of turbulence during operation of the centrifuge. However, it has now been shown that such a design of the centrifugal drum with annularly arranged partitions is still in need of improvement with regard to its functional properties.

Eine weitere Zentrifuge mit Durchgangslöchern ist in der US 5 743 840 A beschrieben. Diese sind als runde Löcher ausgebildet. Eine spezielle Positionierung von derartigen Löchern ist nicht angegeben.Another centrifuge with through holes is in the U.S. 5,743,840 A described. These are designed as round holes. A specific positioning of such holes is not specified.

Die DE 198 01 733 A1 zeigt Durchlässe, deren Form im Detail nicht angegeben ist.The DE 198 01 733 A1 shows passages whose shape is not given in detail.

Die US 1 710 447 A erwähnt Durchlässe oder Öffnungen, die als Langlöcher interpretiert werden mögen. Es ist jedoch keine spezielle Positionierung von derartigen Langlöchern bzw. Schweiflöchern offenbart.The U.S. 1,710,447 A mentions passages or openings that may be interpreted as oblong holes. However, no special positioning of such elongated holes or tail holes is disclosed.

Die US 1 828 096 A beschreibt in den Ansprüchen die Verbindung der einzelnen Abteile, so dass auch hier die erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale der speziellen Langloch- bzw. Schweiflochpositionierung nicht erwähnt sind.The U.S. 1,828,096 A describes the connection of the individual compartments in the claims, so that the features according to the invention of the special elongated hole or tail hole positioning are not mentioned here either.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zentrifuge der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, die besonders gute Strömungsverhältnisse innerhalb der Schleudertrommel aufweist.The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a centrifuge of the type described in the introduction, which has particularly good flow conditions within the centrifugal drum.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Zentrifuge der angegebenen Art mit den Merkmalen von Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a centrifuge of the type specified with the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Durchgangslöcher in den die einzelnen Kammern voneinander trennenden Trennwänden sorgen für einen Druckausgleich zwischen Kammer und Kammer und ermöglichen eine Durchströmung der zu klassierenden Suspension von Kammer zu Kammer. Sie haben daher die Funktion von Beruhigungslöchern, so dass innerhalb der Schleudertrommel zwischen den einzelnen Kammern weitgehend gleichmäßige und beruhigte Strömungsverhältnisse herrschen, da ein Ausgleichseffekt über die vorgesehenen Durchgangslöcher erreicht wird. Durch den erzielten Ausgleichseffekt wird eine weitgehend gleichmäßige Funktionsweise der Zentrifuge über die Höhe der Schleuderkammer sichergestellt, so dass eine gleichmäßige Zentrifugier- bzw. Klassierwirkung erreicht wird.The through-holes provided according to the invention in the partition walls separating the individual chambers from one another ensure pressure equalization between chamber and chamber and allow the suspension to be classified to flow through from chamber to chamber. They therefore have the function of calming holes, so that largely uniform and calmed flow conditions prevail between the individual chambers within the centrifugal drum, since a balancing effect is achieved via the through-holes provided. The leveling effect achieved ensures that the centrifuge functions largely uniformly over the height of the centrifugal chamber, so that a uniform centrifuging or classifying effect is achieved.

Die vorgesehenen Durchgangslöcher sind als Langlöcher oder als Schweiflöcher ausgebildet. Langlöcher zeichnen sich durch eine geradlinige Achse aus, während Schweiflöcher eine gekrümmte Achse besitzen. Die Erfindung sieht hierbei eine spezielle Lage und Ausrichtung der Langlöcher/Schweiflöcher vor, wobei bei einer Ausführungsform sich die Achse der Langlöcher in Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel von radial innen schräg nach radial außen erstreckt. Die Schweiflöcher sind in Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel von radial innen konvex nach radial außen gekrümmt.The through holes provided are in the form of oblong holes or tail holes. Slotted holes are characterized by a straight axis, while tail holes have a curved axis. The invention provides for a special position and alignment of the elongated holes/tail holes, in one embodiment the axis of the oblong holes extends in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum from radially inwards at an angle to radially outwards. In the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum, the tail holes are convexly curved from radially inwards to radially outwards.

Durch die Ausbildung der Durchgangslöcher als Langlöcher bzw. Schweiflöcher wird eine Zwangsströmung vorgegeben, so dass hierdurch der Strömungsausgleich zwischen Kammer und Kammer über gerichtete Strömungseffekte realisiert wird. Durch die spezielle Positionierung der Langlöcher/Schweiflöcher wird eine Zwangsströmung in Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel schräg nach außen in Richtung auf die Außenwand der Trommel realisiert, so dass sich hierdurch auch verbesserte Reinigungseffekte erzielen lassen. Die gekrümmten Schweiflöcher sorgen hierbei für sanftere Strömungsverhältnisse, da sie sich in Bogenform an die Außenwand der Schleudertrommel annähern.By designing the through holes as oblong holes or tail holes, a forced flow is specified, so that the flow balance between the chamber and the chamber is realized via directed flow effects. Due to the special positioning of the elongated holes/tail holes, a forced flow in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum is realized obliquely outwards in the direction of the outer wall of the drum, so that improved cleaning effects can also be achieved as a result. The curved tail holes ensure gentler flow conditions, as they approach the outer wall of the centrifugal drum in an arc shape.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind am Außenrand der Trennwände mit Umfangsabstand sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Durchbrechungen angeordnet. Mit diesen Durchbrechungen wird eine gezielte Axialströmung im Randbereich der Schleudertrommel erreicht, wodurch die Ausbildung von Sedimentansätzen in den Kammerecken vermieden wird. Es wird somit hierdurch eine gleichmäßigere Sedimentablagerung über die Höhe der einzelnen Kammern erzielt bzw. ein besserer Reinigungseffekt erreicht, da unmittelbar benachbart zur Außenwand der Schleudertrommel ein Reinigungsdurchtritt der entsprechenden Suspension möglich ist.In a further development of the invention, openings extending in the circumferential direction are arranged on the outer edge of the partition walls with a circumferential spacing. With these openings, a targeted axial flow is achieved in the edge area of the centrifugal drum, as a result of which the formation of sediment deposits in the corners of the chamber is avoided. A more uniform deposit of sediment over the height of the individual chambers is thus achieved, or a better cleaning effect is achieved, since a cleaning passage of the corresponding suspension is possible directly adjacent to the outer wall of the centrifugal drum.

Die Durchbrechungen sind vorzugsweise als schmale Schlitze ausgebildet, die sich entlang der Außenwand über Teile des Umfanges der jeweiligen Trennwand erstrecken.The openings are preferably in the form of narrow slits which extend along the outer wall over parts of the circumference of the respective partition.

Noch eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung betrifft das Merkmal, dass die Außenwand der Schleudertrommel radial nach innen vorstehende ringförmige Ansätze aufweist, mit denen die Trennwände verbunden sind. Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, dass zur Anbringung der Trennwände kein Schweißvorgang direkt an der Außenwand der Schleudertrommel stattfinden muss, so dass daher durch den Schweißvorgang keine Beschädigungen der Außenwand möglich sind. Vielmehr kann der Schweißvorgang an den vorgesehenen ringförmigen Ansätzen stattfinden, d.h. im Abstand von der Außenwand der Schleudertrommel. Die Schleudertrommel wird daher direkt mit entsprechenden Ansätzen hergestellt, um ein direktes Anschweißen von Trennwänden zu vermeiden. Die Verbindung mit den Ansätzen kann beispielsweise durch Schweißen, Kleben, Aufschrumpfen oder andere Verbindungsmethoden erfolgen.Another further development of the invention relates to the feature that the outer wall of the centrifugal drum has ring-shaped shoulders which protrude radially inwards and to which the partition walls are connected. This embodiment has the advantage that a welding process does not have to take place directly on the outer wall of the centrifugal drum in order to attach the partition walls, so that the outer wall cannot be damaged by the welding process. Rather, the welding process can take place at the annular shoulders provided, i.e. at a distance from the outer wall of the centrifugal drum. The centrifugal drum is therefore manufactured directly with appropriate lugs to avoid direct welding of partitions. The connection to the lugs can be done, for example, by welding, gluing, shrinking or other connection methods.

Die erfindungsgemäße Zentrifuge ist insbesondere als Nassklassiereinrichtung ausgebildet. Eine derartige Nassklassiereinrichtung ist beispielsweise in der eingangs genannten DE 199 25 082 B4 beschrieben.The centrifuge according to the invention is designed in particular as a wet classification device. Such a wet classification device is, for example, in the one mentioned at the outset DE 199 25 082 B4 described.

Die Schleudertrommel ist vorzugsweise innerhalb des stationären Außengehäuses fliegend gelagert. Hierbei kann ein sich von unten in eine durch eine Innenwand der Schleudertrommel gebildete Ausnehmung erstreckendes Lagergehäuse und eine vertikal angeordnete, sich von unten durch das Lagergehäuse erstreckende Welle zum Rotierenlassen der Schleudertrommel vorgesehen sein.The centrifugal drum is preferably cantilevered within the stationary outer housing. In this case, a bearing housing extending from below into a recess formed by an inner wall of the centrifugal drum and a vertically arranged bearing housing extending from below through the bearing housing extending shaft may be provided for rotating the centrifugal drum.

Das Schlankheitsverhältnis der Schleudertrommel L/D beträgt vorzugsweise ≥ 0,8, wobei L die Länge oder Höhe der in der Schleudertrommel zur Verfügung stehenden Klassierfläche und D der Innendurchmesser der Schleudertrommel ist. Hierdurch wird eine große Klassierfläche bei kleinem Trommeldurchmesser und hohen Schleuderfaktoren (hohen Drehzahlen) erreicht, ohne dass eine schlechte Laufqualität in Kauf genommen werden muss.The aspect ratio of the centrifugal drum L/D is preferably ≥ 0.8, where L is the length or height of the classification surface available in the centrifugal drum and D is the inside diameter of the centrifugal drum. As a result, a large classification area is achieved with a small drum diameter and high centrifugal factors (high speeds) without having to accept poor running quality.

In Weiterbildung weist die Zentrifuge als Reinigungsvorrichtung eine Kombination aus mechanischen Merkmalen und einer Einrichtung zur Zuführung einer Dispergierflüssigkeit auf. Mit einer derartigen Reinigungsvorrichtung gelingt es, den Sedimentkuchen problemlos auszuschälen bzw. auszutragen, ohne dass die Gefahr von Beschädigungen an den Schneidvorrichtungen und den diese tragenden Wellen der Reinigungsvorrichtung auftreten. Der Verschleiß an den Schneidvorrichtungen wird hierdurch reduziert.In a further development, the centrifuge, as a cleaning device, has a combination of mechanical features and a device for supplying a dispersing liquid. With a cleaning device of this type, it is possible to peel off or remove the sediment cake without any problems, without the risk of damage occurring to the cutting devices and the shafts of the cleaning device carrying them. This reduces wear on the cutting devices.

Speziell umfasst dabei die Reinigungsvorrichtung eine in der Schleudertrommel verschwenkbar oder linear bewegbare Welle, an deren Umfang mindestens zwei leistenförmige Schneidvorrichtungen angeordnet sind, die an ihren benachbarten Enden zwischen sich einen Spalt aufweisen, und eine Einrichtung zur Einführung einer Dispergierflüssigkeit in die Schleudertrommel. Ein Beispiel einer derartigen Reinigungsvorrichtung ist in der EP 1 434 655 B1 beschrieben.In particular, the cleaning device comprises a shaft that can be pivoted or moved linearly in the centrifugal drum, on the circumference of which at least two strip-shaped cutting devices are arranged, which have a gap between them at their adjacent ends, and a device for introducing a dispersing liquid into the centrifugal drum. An example of such a cleaning device is in EP 1 434 655 B1 described.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung im Einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine als Nassklassiereinrichtung ausgebildete Zentrifuge, wobei die an der Welle der Reinigungsvorrichtung vorgesehenen Schneidvorrichtungen nicht dargestellt sind;
Figur 2
einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Schleudertrommel der Zentrifuge der Figur 1 mit Blick auf eine ringförmige Trennwand;
Figur 3
einen Teilvertikalschnitt durch die Schleudertrommel mit einem Teil der Reinigungsvorrichtung;
Figur 4
einen Schnitt entlang Linie A-B in Figur 3;
Figur 5
eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Langloches einer Trennwand; und
Figur 6
eine Schnittdarstellung der Befestigung einer Trennwand an der Außenwand der Schleudertrommel.
The invention is explained in detail below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:
figure 1
a longitudinal section through a designed as a wet classification centrifuge, wherein the provided on the shaft of the cleaning device cutting devices are not shown;
figure 2
a horizontal section through the drum of the centrifuge figure 1 overlooking an annular partition;
figure 3
a partial vertical section through the centrifugal drum with part of the cleaning device;
figure 4
a cut along line AB in figure 3 ;
figure 5
an enlarged view of a slot of a partition; and
figure 6
a sectional view of the attachment of a partition to the outer wall of the centrifugal drum.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Zentrifuge in Form einer Nassklassiereinrichtung besitzt ein stationäres Gehäuse 1 mit einem darauf angeordneten Deckel 15. Das stationäre Gehäuse 1 ist über geeignete Vibrationsdämpfungseinrichtungen auf einem Lagergestell gelagert. Innerhalb des stationären Gehäuses 1 ist eine Schleudertrommel 2 mit vertikaler Achse angeordnet, die von einer vertikalen Welle 8 in Rotation versetzt wird. Die vertikale Welle 8 erstreckt sich von unten in die Schleudertrommel 2 hinein. Sie wird von einem Lagergehäuse 11 umgeben, das ein oberes Hauptlager 9 und ein unteres zweites Lager 10 zum Lagern der Welle 8 enthält. Das Lagergehäuse 11 ist an einer Platte 17 befestigt, welche wiederum am stationären Gehäuse 1 befestigt ist. Die Welle 8 erstreckt sich durch das Lagergehäuse 11 und die Platte 17 nach unten über eine geeignete Kupplungseinrichtung 18 bis zu einem einen Direktantrieb bildenden Elektromotor 12. Die Drehzahl der Welle 8 ist regelbar.In the figure 1 The centrifuge shown in the form of a wet classification device has a stationary housing 1 with a cover 15 arranged thereon. The stationary housing 1 has suitable vibration damping devices stored in a storage rack. Inside the stationary housing 1, a vertical-axis centrifugal drum 2 is placed, which is rotated by a vertical shaft 8. As shown in FIG. The vertical shaft 8 extends into the centrifugal drum 2 from below. It is surrounded by a bearing housing 11 containing an upper main bearing 9 and a lower second bearing 10 for supporting the shaft 8 . The bearing housing 11 is fixed to a plate 17 which in turn is fixed to the stationary housing 1. The shaft 8 extends through the bearing housing 11 and the plate 17 downwards via a suitable coupling device 18 to an electric motor 12 forming a direct drive. The speed of the shaft 8 is adjustable.

Die Schleudertrommel 2 weist eine geeignete Zuführung (nicht gezeigt) für die zu klassierende Suspension auf, die sich beispielsweise in der Form eines Rohres durch die oben offene Schleudertrommel in diese hinein bis zu deren unterem Endbereich erstreckt und dort eine Austrittsöffnung aufweist. Die klassierte Suspension wird beispielsweise über ein Abflussrohr 16 vom oberen Ende der Schleudertrommel 2 abgezogen. Ein Abzugsrohr 14 am unteren Ende der Schleudertrommel dient zum Abziehen des Sedimentes.The centrifugal drum 2 has a suitable supply (not shown) for the suspension to be classified, which extends, for example in the form of a tube, through the centrifugal drum, which is open at the top, into the latter and to its lower end area, where it has an outlet opening. The classified suspension is drawn off from the upper end of the centrifugal drum 2 via a discharge pipe 16, for example. A discharge pipe 14 at the lower end of the centrifugal drum is used to draw off the sediment.

Wie man ferner Figur 1 entnehmen kann, ist die Schleudertrommel somit in ihrem unteren Bereich kreisringförmig und in ihrem oberen Bereich kreisförmig ausgebildet. Horizontale Trennwände 4 unterteilen das Innere der Schleudertrommel in sechs übereinander angeordnete Klassierkammern 3, in deren radialen Endbereichen das Sediment abgelagert wird.How to further figure 1 can be seen, the centrifugal drum is thus circular in its lower region and circular in its upper region. Horizontal partitions 4 divide the interior of the centrifugal drum into six classification chambers 3 arranged one above the other, in the radial end regions of which the sediment is deposited.

Dieses wird von dort über eine schematisch bei 13 gezeigte Reinigungsvorrichtung entfernt.This is removed from there via a cleaning device shown schematically at 13 .

Die die einzelnen Trennkammern bildenden Trennwände 4 sind mit einzelnen Durchgangslöchern 31 versehen, welche mit Umfangsabstand voneinander über den Umfang der Trennwände 4 verteilt sind. In Figur 1 sind diese Durchgangslöcher 31 nicht dargestellt, wo hingegen sie in Figur 2 gezeigt sind. Figur 2 ist ein Horizontalschnitt durch die Schleudertrommel 2 mit Blick auf eine der ringförmig ausgebildeten Trennwände 4, die sich von der Außenwand 30 der Schleudertrommel nach innen erstrecken.The partition walls 4 forming the individual separation chambers are provided with individual through holes 31 which are distributed over the circumference of the partition walls 4 at a circumferential distance from one another. In figure 1 these through holes 31 are not shown, whereas they are in figure 2 are shown. figure 2 12 is a horizontal section through the centrifugal drum 2 looking toward one of the annular partitions 4 extending inwardly from the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum.

Die Durchgangslöcher 31 sind als Langlöcher ausgebildet, deren Längsachse sich in Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel 2 von radial innen schräg nach radial außen erstreckt. Die Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel 2 ist daher in Figur 2 gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. Ein Durchgangsloch 31 ist im Detail in Figur 5 in vergrößertem Maßstab dargestellt.The through-holes 31 are in the form of oblong holes, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum 2 obliquely from radially inwards to radially outwards. The direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum 2 is therefore in figure 2 counterclockwise. A through hole 31 is detailed in figure 5 shown on an enlarged scale.

Ferner sind am Außenrand der Trennwand 4 mit Umfangsabstand sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Durchbrechungen 32 vorgesehen,Furthermore, openings 32 extending in the circumferential direction are provided on the outer edge of the partition wall 4 with a circumferential spacing,

Die Durchgangslöcher 31 ermöglichen eine Durchströmung von Trennkammer 3 zu Trennkammer 3 und geben eine Zwangsströmung in Richtung der Längserstreckung der Langlöcher vor. Hierdurch werden insgesamt funktionsgerechtere Strömungsverhältnisse (Vermeidung von Turbulenzen etc.) und bessere Reinigungseffekte erzielt. Insbesondere werden besonders sanfte Strömungsverhältnisse erreicht.The through holes 31 allow flow from separating chamber 3 to separating chamber 3 and provide a forced flow in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the elongated holes. As a result, more functional flow conditions (avoidance of turbulence, etc.) and better cleaning effects are achieved overall. In particular, particularly smooth flow conditions are achieved.

Die am Außenrand der Trennwand vorgesehenen Durchbrechungen 32 sorgen für eine gezielte Axialströmung am Außenrand der einzelnen Trennkammern und verhindern somit die Ausbildung von Ansätzen in den jeweiligen Kammerecken, so dass auch hierdurch bessere Reinigungseffekte erzielt werden.The openings 32 provided on the outer edge of the dividing wall ensure a targeted axial flow on the outer edge of the individual separating chambers and thus prevent the formation of projections in the respective chamber corners, so that better cleaning effects are also achieved as a result.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen die genauere Ausbildung der Reinigungsvorrichtung in Verbindung mit den Trennwänden 4 bzw. Trennkammern 3. Die Reinigungsvorrichtung besitzt eine Welle 20, auf der Schneidvorrichtungen 21, 22 angeordnet sind, die so angestellt sind, dass sie unter einem Winkel (α/2) von 15°-45° zu einer die Wellenachse senkrecht schneidenden Ebene angeordnet sind. Die Hauptebene der Schneidvorrichtungen 21, 22 erstreckt sich bei der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform senkrecht zur Achse der Welle 20, kann jedoch auch schräg zu dieser verlaufen, so dass sich der Spalt X und der Raum 26 auch in Radialrichtung zu einem größeren Durchmesser hin erweitern. Die Horizontalschnittansicht der Figur 4 zeigt die in Figur 3 untere Schneidvorrichtung 21 mit ihrem Schneidkopf 27 und Schneidbalken 28. Die Schneidvorrichtung besteht beispielsweise aus einem Flachstahlprofil.The Figures 3 and 4 show the more precise design of the cleaning device in connection with the partition walls 4 or separating chambers 3. The cleaning device has a shaft 20 on which cutting devices 21, 22 are arranged, which are set in such a way that they are at an angle (α/2) of 15 °-45° to a plane intersecting the shaft axis perpendicularly. In the embodiment shown here, the main plane of the cutting devices 21, 22 extends perpendicularly to the axis of the shaft 20, but can also run obliquely to it, so that the gap X and the space 26 also expand in the radial direction to a larger diameter. The horizontal sectional view of figure 4 shows the in figure 3 lower cutting device 21 with its cutting head 27 and cutting bar 28. The cutting device consists, for example, of a flat steel profile.

In Figur 3 sind die jeweiligen Langlöcher 31 in den Trennwänden 4 dargestellt. Bei der in Figur 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind keine Langlöcher mit geradliniger Längsachse, sondern sogenannte Schweiflöcher als Durchgangslöcher 31 vorgesehen. Diese Schweiflöcher sind in Drehrichtung der Schleudertrommel von radial innen konvex nach radial außen gekrümmt. Ferner sind entsprechende Durchbrechungen 32 dargestellt.In figure 3 the respective elongated holes 31 in the partitions 4 are shown. At the in figure 4 illustrated embodiment, no elongated holes with a straight longitudinal axis are provided as through holes 31, but so-called tail holes. These tail holes are convex in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum from radially inside to radially curved outside. Corresponding openings 32 are also shown.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Teildraufsicht auf eine Trennwand 4 mit einem als Langloch ausgebildeten Durchgangsloch 31 und Durchbrechungen 32 in vergrößerter Darstellung. figure 5 shows a partial plan view of a partition wall 4 with a through hole 31 designed as an elongated hole and openings 32 in an enlarged representation.

Figur 6 zeigt einen Teilvertikalschnitt durch die Außenwand 30 der Schleudertrommel 2 mit angeschweißter Trennwand 4. Die Außenwand 30 ist hierbei mit einem radial nach innen vorstehenden Ansatz 33 versehen, an dem die Trennwand 4 angeschweißt ist, wie bei 34 gezeigt. Diese Art der Befestigung hat den Vorteil, dass zur Befestigung der Trennwand 4 nicht unmittelbar an der Außenwand 30 der Schleudertrommel geschweißt werden muss. Vielmehr erfolgt der entsprechende Schweißvorgang am entsprechenden Ansatz 33, so dass die Außenwand geschont wird. figure 6 shows a partial vertical section through the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum 2 with the partition wall 4 welded on. This type of attachment has the advantage that it is not necessary to weld directly to the outer wall 30 of the centrifugal drum in order to attach the partition wall 4 . Rather, the corresponding welding process takes place on the corresponding attachment 33, so that the outer wall is protected.

Die Funktionsweise der Reinigungsvorrichtung ist im Einzelnen in der EP 1 434 655 B1 beschrieben.The functioning of the cleaning device is in detail in the EP 1 434 655 B1 described.

Claims (9)

  1. A Centrifuge comprising a stationary outer housing (1), a centrifugal drum (2) rotatably mounted in the outer housing (1) with an outer wall, a drive for rotating the centrifugal drum (2), a cleaning device for removing sediment deposited on the outer wall of the centrifugal drum, as well as inlets and outlets, wherein the centrifugal drum (2) has chambers (3) separated from each other by annularly formed horizontal partition walls (4), wherein through-holes (31) are provided in the partition walls (4) at a circumferential distance from each other and distributed over the circumference of the partition walls (4), wherein the through-holes (31) are formed as elongated holes or as curved holes, and wherein the axis of the elongated holes extends obliquely from radially inward to radially outward in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum (2) and the curved holes are curved convexly from radially inward to radially outward in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal drum (2).
  2. The centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that openings (32) extending in the circumferential direction are arranged at the outer edge of the partition walls (3) at a circumferential distance.
  3. The centrifuge according to claim 2, characterized in that the openings (32) are formed as narrow slots.
  4. The centrifuge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer wall (30) of the centrifugal drum (2) has radially inwardly projecting annular projections (33) to which the partition walls (4) are connected.
  5. The centrifuge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a wet classifier.
  6. The centrifuge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centrifugal drum (2) is cantilevered within the stationary outer housing (1).
  7. The centrifuge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slenderness ratio of the centrifugal drum (2) is L/D > 1.2, where L is the length or height of the classifying area available in the centrifugal drum (2) and D represents the inner diameter of the centrifugal drum (2).
  8. The centrifuge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, as cleaning device, a combination of mechanical features and a device for supplying a dispersing liquid.
  9. The centrifuge according to claim 8, characterized in that the cleaning device comprises a shaft (20) which is pivotable or linearly movable in the centrifugal drum (2) and on whose circumference at least two strip-shaped cutting devices (21, 22) are arranged, which have a gap (X) between their adjacent ends, and it further comprises a device for introducing a dispersing liquid into the centrifugal drum (2)
EP18855113.9A 2018-01-05 2018-12-19 Centrifuge Active EP3735321B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018000057.6A DE102018000057A1 (en) 2018-01-05 2018-01-05 centrifuge
PCT/DE2018/000381 WO2019134722A1 (en) 2018-01-05 2018-12-19 Centrifuge

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EP3735321A1 EP3735321A1 (en) 2020-11-11
EP3735321B1 true EP3735321B1 (en) 2023-07-12

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EP (1) EP3735321B1 (en)
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DE (1) DE102018000057A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2955991T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2019134722A1 (en)

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US1710447A (en) * 1921-10-25 1929-04-23 Tolhurst Machine Works Inc Centrifugal extractor and method of centrifugal extraction
US1828096A (en) * 1929-06-14 1931-10-20 Tandy A Bryson Centrifugal process and mechanism
US3843045A (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-10-22 Beckman Instruments Inc Centrifuge rotor
DE3608664A1 (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-17 Krauss Maffei Ag FULL-COAT CENTRIFUGE
US5743840A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-04-28 Carr Separations, Inc. Centrifuge with a heating jacket for drying collected solids
DE19801733C2 (en) * 1998-01-19 2001-02-15 Adp Anlagen Planung Andreas Do Method and device for separating wastewater with bio-organic dirt into solids and the individual liquids
DE19925082B4 (en) 1999-06-01 2009-01-22 Guntram Krettek wet classification device
DE10196972D2 (en) * 2001-10-06 2004-08-19 Guntram Krettek wet classification device
US8071148B2 (en) * 2007-06-26 2011-12-06 Heat And Control Inc. Method for separating cooking oils from snack food products through a quasi-continuous centrifuge action
CN103100491B (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-07-16 浙江轻机离心机制造有限公司 Material pushing piece of drum of material pushing centrifugal machine
CN203459172U (en) * 2013-09-23 2014-03-05 上海知正离心机有限公司 Staged separation drum of centrifuge
CN107051757A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-08-18 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 A kind of seperator disk

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WO2019134722A1 (en) 2019-07-11
EP3735321A1 (en) 2020-11-11
CN111801166B (en) 2022-06-14
DE102018000057A1 (en) 2019-07-11
CN111801166A (en) 2020-10-20

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