EP3729049A1 - Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer radiometrischen dichte-messvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer radiometrischen dichte-messvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3729049A1 EP3729049A1 EP18803940.8A EP18803940A EP3729049A1 EP 3729049 A1 EP3729049 A1 EP 3729049A1 EP 18803940 A EP18803940 A EP 18803940A EP 3729049 A1 EP3729049 A1 EP 3729049A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- density
- medium
- radiation
- intensity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1013—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation gamma
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/303—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features calibrating, standardising
- G01N2223/3037—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features calibrating, standardising standards (constitution)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/601—Specific applications or type of materials density profile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/616—Specific applications or type of materials earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/635—Specific applications or type of materials fluids, granulates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for calibrating a radiometric device for determining and / or monitoring the density of a container located in a container
- a transmitting unit and a receiving unit are provided, wherein the transmitting unit emits radioactive radiation of a predetermined intensity and wherein the receiving unit receives the radioactive radiation emitted by the transmitting unit after passing through the medium, and wherein a control / evaluation unit is provided, based on the measured values determined by the receiving unit determine the density of the medium in the container.
- Radiometric level or density measurements are always used when the commonly used measuring methods fail or are no longer applicable. Radiometric density measurements are used, for example, in the production process of aluminum from bauxite and in the measurement of the density of sludge, which is usually interspersed with rocks, in the context of dredging at sea or river. Often the radiometric density measurement is done in conjunction with a flow measurement.
- the medium is usually irradiated by gamma radiation.
- the radiation emanates from a gamma source and is detected by a receiving unit (scintillator), which is positioned to detect the gamma radiation emitted by the transmitting unit after passing through the medium.
- a receiving unit sintillator
- Cs137 or Co60 sources for example, are used as the gamma source.
- the receiving unit consists either of plastic or of a crystal, a photomultiplier and receiving elements.
- the gamma radiation emitted by the transmitting unit is at least weakened or attenuated when passing through the medium and / or the container.
- the attenuation of the gamma radiation shows a functional dependence on the density of the medium which is in the container.
- Attenuated gamma radiation impinges upon the detector material of the detector unit where it is transformed into light pulses received from a detector, e.g. a photodiode can be detected.
- a detector e.g. a photodiode
- the number of light pulses is counted, which generates the gamma radiation when hitting the detector material.
- m ⁇ is the linear attenuation coefficient
- D is the beam path.
- the beam path corresponds e.g. in a pipeline with unbalanced radiometric
- Density meter to the inner diameter of the pipeline increased by twice the thickness of the wall of the tank. If the inner diameter of the pipeline is much larger than the thickness of the wall of the pipeline, the weakening or damping of the gamma radiation by the material of the wall of the pipeline can be neglected.
- the attenuation of gamma radiation through the wall of the container can be experimentally determined with the container empty. Due to the incident radiation at the detector, this way is problematic in practice. It is also possible to calculate the attenuation of the gamma radiation as it passes through the material of the wall of the container.
- the linear damping coefficient is dependent on the energy of the incident
- a two-point calibration is performed.
- the container is filled in a first step with a first medium of known density pl.
- the medium is irradiated with gamma radiation, and the corresponding count rate N1 is determined.
- the container is filled with a second medium having a known density p 2, the density of the second medium being different from the density of the first medium, preferably as strongly as possible.
- the count rate N2 is determined.
- the mass damping constant m is calculated.
- Density meter determined and stored in the density meter.
- the tanks, tanks, silos or pipelines have a significant volume, which is why the media used for calibration must be made available in significant quantities. While calibration with water as a calibration medium for the upper density range is still relatively unproblematic, the filling with the second medium of lower density, e.g. Oil, often only under large
- the calibration curve is often determined based on a measurement of the count rate in only one medium (one-point calibration).
- the second mass loss coefficient required to calculate the calibration curve is then assumed to be a default value of 7.7 mm 2 / g. This value is based on experience. Although this reduces the calibration effort in half, this is done in the individual case at the expense of the measurement accuracy of the radiometric density meter. But even the well-known two-point calibration, so the determination of
- Mass damping coefficients based on the determination of the attenuation of gamma radiation when passing through two media of known different density is not very reliable, since the influence of the density of the two media on the mass loss coefficient in many applications is significantly less than the influence of the geometric dimensions of the container and the geometric arrangement of transmitting and receiving unit.
- the invention is based on the object, a simple method for precise
- the method according to the invention thus proposes a one-point calibration for the calibration of a radiometric density measuring instrument.
- the counting rate of the gamma radiation of the gamma source used is determined by the container filled with a medium of known density.
- the intensity of the gamma radiation decreases exponentially with the penetration depth into the irradiated medium.
- the half-value thickness indicates the distance radiated by the gamma radiation in the material / medium at which the intensity of the
- the irradiated material is essentially the material from which the wall of the container is made, since the attenuation of gamma radiation in air is negligibly small.
- An experimental determination of the intensity of the radiation is often excluded when the container is empty, since in this case a massive over-radiation of the detector would take place.
- a massive over-radiation of the detector would take place.
- Average density p AV is in a cylindrical container with the
- Inner diameter D 0 and the thickness of the container wall d is as follows - see Fig. 5:
- steel has a density of approx. 8000 kg / m 3
- the container has, for example, an inner diameter of 1 m, the container wall is 0.01 m thick.
- the average density is calculated according to the following formula:
- the experimental determination of the counting rate takes place when a calibration medium, for example water with a known density of approximately 1 kg / m 3 , is located in the container. Since in this case d «D 0 , the average density p AV approximately corresponds to the density of the medium p M.
- WN 0 e ⁇ P ⁇ D °.
- the container is a pipe or a tank. Since gamma radiation also passes through solids, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are alsnallt on the outer wall. They are positioned relative to each other so that the container is irradiated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipeline, obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the pipeline or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipeline. The actual arrangement is chosen depending on the particular application.
- the receiving unit is designed and positioned with respect to the transmitting unit (s) such that the sensitive components of the receiving unit are hit by the radiation passing through the bin.
- Fig. 1 a a schematic representation of an arrangement for radiometric
- 1 b is a schematic representation of a graph that visualizes the dependence of the count rate on the density
- Fig. 5 schematic representation of the beam path of gamma radiation through a tubular container.
- FIG. 1 a shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for the radiometric determination of the density of a medium 3, which is located in a container 1, here a pipeline.
- a container 1 here a pipeline.
- the transmitting unit 3 with the gamma source and the receiving unit 4 are arranged on opposite surface regions of the pipeline 1. Both components 3, 4 are fastened to the pipeline 1 from the outside via a clamping mechanism not shown separately in FIG.
- the encapsulation of the gamma source by the surrounding housing is designed such that the gamma radiation exits the transmitter unit 3 only in the region of the exit surface A.
- the gamma radiation radiates through the container 1 with the therein
- the evaluation unit 7 determines the density of the medium 6 located in the container 1. Corresponding radiometric density measuring arrangements are offered and distributed by the applicant.
- 1 b shows a schematic representation of a graph which visualizes the dependence of the count rate N as a function of the density p of the medium 6.
- the absorption F of the gamma radiation on the beam path SP by a medium 6 can be described by the Lambert-Beer law - thus follows an e-function.
- the absorption F corresponds to the ratio of the counting rate of the gamma radiation after passing through the medium 6 to the counting rate No of the gamma radiation emitted by the gamma source through the outlet opening A.
- the count rate N is given in counts (number of events) per second (c / sec).
- the ratio of the two aforementioned count rates is proportional to the dose rate H, which is given in pSv / h.
- m is the absorption or damping coefficient
- p the density of the medium
- the beam path SP corresponds to the inner diameter D of the pipe first
- the radiometric measurement setup In order to provide reliable radiometric density measurements, the radiometric measurement setup must be calibrated. In Fig. 2, a one-point calibration and the associated calibration and subsequent measurement errors are shown. The calibration error results from the fact that in a one-point calibration, the slope of the exponential function is not defined. In the case of one-point calibration, a reasonably reliable measurement is only guaranteed if the density measured value of the medium 6 to be determined lies as close as possible to the calibration point.
- the standard absorption coefficient m was used to calculate the calibration point. This has a constant value of 7.7 mm 2 / g.
- Damping coefficient relatively strong, while from a diameter of greater than 300 mm is essentially dependent on the intensity of the radiation source of the transmitting unit 3 and the density of the medium in the container 1 6. Nevertheless, even above a diameter of greater than 300 mm, the curves show a linear dependence - albeit small - on the diameter of the container and thus on the irradiated medium.
- Mass damping "constant" of a medium is not a constant value, but it assumes a value resulting from a weighted sum of different
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017130534.3A DE102017130534B4 (de) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer radiometrischen Dichte-Messvorrichtung |
| PCT/EP2018/081176 WO2019120769A1 (de) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-11-14 | Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer radiometrischen dichte-messvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3729049A1 true EP3729049A1 (de) | 2020-10-28 |
Family
ID=64332052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18803940.8A Withdrawn EP3729049A1 (de) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-11-14 | Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer radiometrischen dichte-messvorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200393391A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3729049A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111542743A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102017130534B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019120769A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021108307B3 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-08-04 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer radiometrischen Dichte-Messvorrichtung |
| CN114778464B (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2025-01-21 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | 一种测量介质吸收系数和介质中任意材料反射率的方法 |
| CN117168370A (zh) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-12-05 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 测量方法、装置及射线测量设备 |
| US12210128B2 (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2025-01-28 | Revvity Health Sciences, Inc. | Gamma source devices and related systems and methods |
| CN117871329B (zh) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-05-24 | 南京愚工智能技术有限公司 | 一种密度在线监测装置及监测方法 |
| CN118583459B (zh) * | 2024-08-06 | 2024-10-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 航天遥感器星上辐射定标方法、系统、装置和计算机设备 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1085978B (de) * | 1954-07-02 | 1960-07-28 | Schlumberger Well Surv Corp | Vorrichtung zum Messen der Dichte von durch ein Bohrloch durchteuften Erdformationen |
| FR2298680A1 (fr) * | 1975-01-24 | 1976-08-20 | Schlumberger Prospection | Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la densite des formations traversees par un forage |
| EP0879410A1 (de) * | 1996-02-07 | 1998-11-25 | Biotraces, Inc. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ferngesteuerten dichtemessung |
| DE19722837A1 (de) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Füllstandsmessung mit Gammastrahlern und einer virtuellen linearen Detektoranordnung |
| US6327915B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-12-11 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Straight tube Coriolis flowmeter |
| DE10043629A1 (de) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-14 | Endress Hauser Gmbh Co | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung der Dichte und/oder des Füllstands eines Füllguts in einem Behälter |
| US9115017B2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-08-25 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for monitoring glass and/or foam density as a function of vertical position within a vessel |
| RU2442889C1 (ru) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-02-20 | Анатолий Георгиевич Малюга | Способ градуировки радиоизотопных плотномеров |
| GB201111211D0 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-08-17 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Level measurement method and apparatus |
| EP2574919B1 (de) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-05-07 | Service Pétroliers Schlumberger | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für Flüssigphasenfraktionsbestimmung mittels Röntgenstrahlen |
| DE102012105922A1 (de) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Radiometrische Messanordnung und Verfahren zur Detektion von Ansatzbildung in einer radiometrischen Messanordnung |
| US9360406B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-06-07 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Method and apparatus for self-calibration of density profiler |
| DE102013105486B4 (de) * | 2013-05-28 | 2024-08-22 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung der Dichte und/oder des Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter |
-
2017
- 2017-12-19 DE DE102017130534.3A patent/DE102017130534B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-11-14 WO PCT/EP2018/081176 patent/WO2019120769A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-11-14 CN CN201880074437.6A patent/CN111542743A/zh active Pending
- 2018-11-14 EP EP18803940.8A patent/EP3729049A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-14 US US16/955,870 patent/US20200393391A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102017130534B4 (de) | 2020-12-03 |
| DE102017130534A1 (de) | 2019-06-19 |
| CN111542743A (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
| WO2019120769A1 (de) | 2019-06-27 |
| US20200393391A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
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