EP3728743B1 - Système d'étayage polygonal à n uds d'intersection permettant de renforcer une fouille de fondation - Google Patents

Système d'étayage polygonal à n uds d'intersection permettant de renforcer une fouille de fondation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3728743B1
EP3728743B1 EP18833420.5A EP18833420A EP3728743B1 EP 3728743 B1 EP3728743 B1 EP 3728743B1 EP 18833420 A EP18833420 A EP 18833420A EP 3728743 B1 EP3728743 B1 EP 3728743B1
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Prior art keywords
polygon
excavation
elements
steel
concrete
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EP18833420.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3728743A1 (fr
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Markus MARTI
Juan OLAVARRIA
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Meier+jaggi AG
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Meier+jaggi AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02—Foundation pits
    • E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02—Foundation pits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spreader system for stiffening construction pits in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment comprising at least one concrete pressure element with an assembly table, a method for producing the spreader system, and the use of the spreader system.
  • the walls of the earth removed are usually secured by means of wall protection, for example with a sheet pile wall. This prevents the earth from collapsing in an uncontrolled manner and enables essentially vertical side walls of the construction pit.
  • Such wall securing devices are often exposed to enormous pressure from the ground. So that the wall protection does not collapse, it must be fastened in the ground using ground anchors, for example. If such ground anchors are not possible or not suitable, a so-called splitting, also called bracing or stiffening of the building wall, is created. In this way, a counterpressure is held against the pressure from the ground in order to keep the wall protection vertical and to prevent the wall protection from bending or even collapsing.
  • Today known sprouts are linear beams or girders.
  • the EP 2 453 062 A1 describes a method and a modular system for splitting the lateral surfaces of an excavation.
  • the system comprises various modules which, thanks to their standardized coupling connections, can be assembled as required.
  • Several modules together form a linear extension structure, which also includes at least one adjustable tensioning module and an end connector. That Tensioning module enables a press to be used to give the cracking the necessary pressures.
  • the extension structure is installed in the corner area of the construction pit orthogonally to the walls.
  • linear sprouting structures are used, which are arranged parallel to one another in the construction pit. This leads to a relatively tight grid on a large number of sprout structures. This makes it more difficult to excavate the construction pit, as the construction equipment must not touch the spreader structures during the work and the maneuvering of the construction vehicles.
  • the narrow grid also makes lowering and pulling construction vehicles, excavated material and other loads more difficult.
  • the CN 204 298 832 U as well as that KR 101 474 515 B1 discloses a horizontal support structure with a concentric circular frame for deep excavations.
  • the supporting structure is made entirely of reinforced concrete. It is suitable for producing cracks with very large diameters.
  • the nodes created during production are not separate elements, but are created together with the entire structure in reinforced concrete and therefore on site.
  • the entire structure In order to produce such a reinforced concrete structure, the entire structure must first be reinforced in a complex manner using reinforcing iron. The reinforcement is then shuttered using formwork elements and filled with concrete, resulting in a steel-concrete bond. After the reinforced concrete structure has been used, it has to be dismantled with great effort, with the dismantled parts of the structure not being recyclable or only with great effort.
  • the proposed support structure cannot be tensioned, which means that a larger number of vertical supports and side struts is required.
  • the concrete shrinkage which can lead to cracks and thus weak points in the reinforced concrete structure, is also problematic.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a spreader system which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the spreader system should be able to be set up quickly and easily and dismantled again after it has been used.
  • the spreader system should enable the largest possible contiguous opening of the excavation and thereby enable a free vertical transport of loads such as excavated material, building materials and construction machinery through this opening.
  • the spreader system should be able to be used both for construction pits in solid ground such as earth, rock etc. and / or for construction pits in bodies of water.
  • the spreader system should be designed in such a way that the smallest possible number of vertical stands rammed into the ground is necessary in order, among other things, to allow construction machines to move freely as much as possible.
  • the spreader system should also be tensionable in order to protect adjacent construction pit walls - for example in the vicinity of roads, railway lines or buildings - from even the smallest changes in movement. Most of the sprouting system should also be reusable after it has been removed.
  • Sprout system (1) has at least one sprout in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment with sides and corners (3), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel and at least one further steel element, the sprout system also having at least one concrete pressure element (6) in the form of a Concrete connecting element with assembly table (11), the assembly table (11) representing a planar surface on which elements of the spreader system (1) can be placed and which serves as a base and thus as a lower formwork element for the concrete pressure elements (6), and the further steel element can be used as part of the formwork.
  • the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) representing a provisional demarcation from the ground and / or from a body of water and / or around with the sprouting system (1) a minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2), in particular a minimal obstruction when working in the construction and related trades in the construction pit (2).
  • the novel spreader system (1) according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention surprisingly have a large number of advantages.
  • the spreader system (1) can be created very quickly and efficiently compared to known spreader systems.
  • Most of the individual components can be produced in the factory and correctly dimensioned, so that most of the components only have to be assembled in a modular manner on the construction site.
  • the concrete pressure elements (6) used according to the invention can be created on site quickly and without great effort.
  • the shape of the concrete pressure elements (6) to be exhibited with the corresponding dimensions and angles is precisely obtained in a simple manner.
  • the spreader system (1) and the spreader system (1) obtained according to the method have a very large, continuous opening to the construction pit (2). A comparably large opening cannot be achieved with conventional tensionable spreader systems.
  • the spreader system (1) according to the invention, the spreader system (1) obtained according to the invention and the spreader system used according to the invention can also surprisingly absorb the forces acting on the spreader system (1) surprisingly well. In this way - compared to conventional systems - a lighter split with a smaller wall thickness and weight can be used. This leads to positive effects such as less transport and faster assembly and dismantling of the splitting.
  • the modular structure of the spreader system (1) including the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and the optional wedges (10), allows right-angled terminations and connections in most cases. This is particularly the case when the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and wedges (10) are designed as concrete pressure elements (6).
  • the sprouting system (1) is therefore much more sustainable.
  • a wide variety of components of the spreader system (1) can also be pre-assembled outside the construction site, as a result of which the spreader system (1) is set up more quickly and the construction time is shortened.
  • the spreader system (1) can be dismantled quickly and easily after use, with at least most of the components being able to be reused.
  • the sprouting system (1) and the method for producing the sprouting system - compared to known sprouting systems - are more ecological and economical.
  • the stretcher system (1) can be tensioned in a simple manner by inserting a tensioning element into the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and then pressing it.
  • pressure can be exerted on the construction pit wall (21) so that it does not move in the direction of the construction pit (2).
  • This is particularly important if the area next to the excavation (2) to be created, and thus also the excavation wall (21), may not move laterally by a few centimeters in the direction of the excavation (2) - for example, if the excavation is in in the vicinity of a road, a railway line and / or a building.
  • the spreader system (1) can also comprise two or more polygons or polygon segments (3) which are arranged next to one another and are connected to one another to increase stability.
  • the construction work can be accelerated in the area of a first polygon or polygon segment (3), as a result of which the first polygon or polygon segment (3) can be removed earlier in order to continue the construction work.
  • the second and the further polygons or polygon segments (3 ') can still remain. This way of working allows, for example, the same workers to move from one polygon area to the second and then to further polygon areas. This approach is often requested by the site manager and has many advantages.
  • the construction pit (2) is a construction pit in solid ground and is thus obtained by removing excavated material in the form of earth, rock, etc.
  • a fixing device (7) with fewer elements is required compared to the prior art. This is particularly the case when stands (71) rammed into the ground are used as the fixing device (7) which have to be used in significantly lower numbers per unit area. This gives the drivers of construction vehicles such as excavators, traxes or tippers a much larger free driving area.
  • a construction pit (2) with minimal obstruction in the excavation area is obtained, which among other things allows free vertical transport of loads such as excavated material, building materials and construction machinery.
  • the construction ancillary trades are significantly less affected, for example when laying sewers or electrical pipes underground.
  • the smaller number of studs (71) around which concrete has to be concreted around during construction also leads to fewer penetrations in the structure to be constructed.
  • fewer uprights (71) have to be removed and thus fewer penetrations have to be closed.
  • the excavation pit (2) is an excavation pit as a delimitation in or to waters, in which water is pumped out of the excavation as excavation material, a novel, simple and easy to produce delimitation to the water can be created with the spreader system (1) according to the invention and produced according to the invention become.
  • the demarcation to the water is designed as a construction pit wall (21) which is directly adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) of the spreader system (1).
  • a cofferdam which is used today to delimit bodies of water and which has two walls several meters apart with filler material in between, only one wall, i.e. a construction pit wall (21) without filler material, is required with the spreader system (1) according to the invention. This saves the time-consuming and costly transport of the filling material to the construction site and then back away from the construction site.
  • excavation pits (2) are understood to mean a larger indentation in a terrain surface caused by humans in order to create a structure.
  • Suitable terrain surfaces are, for example, solid ground such as earth, rock, etc. and / or bodies of water
  • the structure can be a building structure, for example a building, or a civil engineering structure, for example a tunnel.
  • excavation pits (2) can be created in solid ground by removing excavated material such as earth, rock, etc., and / or as a demarcation in or to bodies of water where water is pumped out of the excavation as excavated material.
  • a construction pit (2) is arranged at an angle, it typically comprises at least 3, often at least 4 construction pit walls (21), which are secured by means of suitable protection, i.e. splitting, in order to prevent the soil or rock from collapsing.
  • the excavation pit (2) - and thus the excavation pit wall (21) - can also be arranged in a rounded manner, for example as a delimitation in or from waterways.
  • the term excavation pit (2) does not mean trenches whose excavation pit walls are secured, for example, by means of telescopic struts. Such a device for trenching is in the US-A-2017/0002538 described. This is not suitable for construction pits (2) within the meaning of the present invention, neither for construction pits in solid ground nor for construction pits in bodies of water.
  • the construction pit wall (21) is the delimitation of the construction pit (2).
  • the construction pit wall (21) is secured by means of suitable protection in order to prevent the construction pit wall (21) from collapsing and / or erosion.
  • suitable protection include girder pile wall, chute wall, building wall, diaphragm wall, bored pile wall and sheet pile wall, which is based on a large number of sheet pile elements, in many cases the sheet pile wall comprising a large number of them Bung elements is preferred.
  • Longarines (22) are elongated elements that are usually fastened horizontally to the construction pit wall (21). As a result, longarines (22) connect a large number of elements arranged vertically next to one another to secure the construction pit wall (21). Longarines (22) thus distribute a force acting on them over a larger area of the construction pit wall (21). Longarines (22) are typically made of steel and have, for example, an H-profile, i.e. they are designed as H-beams. Longarines (22) are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • splitting to be an arrangement for stiffening the construction pit wall (21) in order to prevent the construction pit wall (21) from collapsing to the side.
  • Larger construction pits (2) can also have two or more projections which are arranged next to one another and / or vertically one above the other - and generally horizontally parallel to one another.
  • the splitting system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention is understood to mean a splitting comprising a convex polygon or polygon segment (3) which is arranged horizontally.
  • the extension system (1) comprises the at least one horizontally arranged extension in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment and a fixing device (7) which is usually arranged in the vertical direction and which holds the polygon or polygon segment in the horizontal plane, ie fixes it.
  • the spreader system (1) can have one or more convex polygons or polygon segments (3 ') adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3). This is particularly helpful with elongated excavation pits.
  • the sprouting system (1) can also comprise one or more outer polygonal sections (4).
  • the polygon section (4) is arranged outside the polygon (3, 3 ') - or a partial area thereof - or outside the polygon section (3, 3').
  • the spreader system (1) is suitable for construction pits (2) of any size and depth, in particular for construction pits (2) with a width of about 20 meters and more. This means that excavation pits (2) with a width of 65 meters or more can be equipped with the spreader system (1). This means that typically all excavation pits (2) known today can be secured with the spreader system (1).
  • the length of the construction pit (2) can be a multiple of the width of the construction pit (2).
  • a construction pit (2) can have a width of 100 meters or more and a length of 300 meters or more.
  • the sprouting system (1) can also comprise two or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and optionally polygon sections (4), which are typically arranged vertically above or below one another. A vertical distance of about 2 to 10 meters or is preferred more adhered to between the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 '), whereby even very deep excavations (2) can be secured without any problems.
  • the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') can have the same and / or a different shape. If 2 or more polygons or polygon segments (3) are arranged vertically one above the other, they preferably have the same dimensions and thus the same shape. As a result, not only can the stands (71) - if any are used - be divided, but the vertical obstruction is minimized.
  • the spreader system (1) according to the invention can be attached directly to the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2).
  • a fastening in particular a longarine (22), is attached to the construction pit wall in the horizontal direction and at the level of the spreader system, to which the spreader system (1) is attached. This enables the pressure exerted by the spreader system (1) to be distributed over the entire length of the construction pit (2).
  • the spreader system (1) for stiffening construction pits (2) with minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2) due to the stiffening has at least one extension in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment with sides and corners (3).
  • the sprouting system (1) comprises at least one polygonal side element (31) made of steel, at least one further steel element and at least one concrete pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11).
  • the spreader system (1) thus comprises a large number of different modules which are assembled on site.
  • the at least one further steel element constitutes a polygonal side element (31), a lateral pressure distribution element (5), part of a construction pit wall (21) or a longarine (22) and / or a node (32)
  • a polygonal side element 31
  • a lateral pressure distribution element (5) part of a construction pit wall (21) or a longarine (22) and / or a node (32)
  • the sprouting in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment (3) comprises at least one node (32), at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5), a fixing device (7) comprising at least one stand (71) and / or a suspension device (72), and possibly a swivel joint (9) and / or a wedge (10), wherein the node (32) and / or the wedge (10) can also be designed as a concrete pressure element (6).
  • the construction pit (2) is in solid ground and the spreader system (1) delimits the construction pit (2) with the construction pit wall (21) from solid ground.
  • the excavation (2) is in or on a body of water and the spreader system (1) delimits the excavation (2) with the excavation wall (21) from water and possibly partially from solid ground.
  • the spreader system (1) is therefore extremely flexible, so that the spreader system (1) can be optimally adapted to each individual construction pit.
  • convex polygon (3) is understood to mean a closed polygon with a large number of corners, i.e. nodes (32), and with straight, i.e. linear, sides which connect the corners with one another. All - or a large part, i.e. at least 70%, of the sides of the polygon (3) - are designed as polygon side elements (31). In addition, the convex polygon (3) only has interior angles that are smaller than 180 °.
  • the polygon (3) typically comprises at least 5, preferably at least 10 or more sides. In the case of larger excavations (2), the convex polygon (3) can also have 30, 50 or more sides. In addition, the polygon (3) generally has the same number of corners as there are sides.
  • the convex polygon (3) comprises a plurality, ie typically at least 5, nodes (32), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel, at least one further steel element and at least one concrete pressure element (6) with assembly table (11), with at least one node (32) is designed as a concrete pressure element (6).
  • a part of the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22) can also form one or more sides of the polygon (3).
  • convex polygon segment (3) is understood to mean part of the convex polygon (3).
  • the polygon segment (3) is not closed, but has a beginning and an end.
  • the convex polygon segment (3) comprises at least one corner with two straight sides, ie at least one node (32), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel and at least one further steel element.
  • the convex polygon segment (3) comprises at least one concrete pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11), wherein the concrete pressure element (6) can represent the - or at least one - node (32).
  • the convex polygon segment (3) is used in construction pits that demarcate bodies of water.
  • convex polygon (3) and the convex polygon segment (3) only differ in the closed or open shape, they are referred to together as convex polygon or polygon segment (3), or just polygon or polygon segment (3).
  • At least one corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3) is not arranged on the excavation wall (21).
  • the corners that are not arranged on the construction pit wall (21) are located within the construction pit (2) and typically on an assembly table (11) which is attached to the fixing device (7), a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) or is attached to a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut.
  • the spreader system according to the invention (1) differs significantly from the spreader system, which in the KR-B-101 474 515 is revealed. This is because this only connects construction pit walls with one another with a linear element, with all corners of the polygon being on the construction pit wall. Such spreader systems are only suitable for small construction pits in solid ground.
  • At least one side of the polygon or polygon segment (3) consists of a polygon side element (31) and at least one other side consists of a further steel element, this being a polygon side element (31), a lateral pressure distribution element (5), part of a construction pit wall (21) or a longarine (22) and / or a node (32) in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners.
  • the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) is generally arranged horizontally, ie in a horizontal plane.
  • the spreader system (1) also comprises a convex polygon or polygon segment (3 ') adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one node (32 ') and / or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one node (42).
  • the convex polygon or polygon segment (3 ') is optional and is used in particular for elongated construction pits. It is a polygon or polygon segment adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) and generally arranged in the same horizontal plane as the polygon or polygon segment (3).
  • the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') can have the same or a different shape as the polygon or polygon segment (3), the convex polygon or polygon segment (3') likewise only having interior angles that are smaller than 180 °.
  • convex polygon (3 ') is analogous to polygon (3), a closed polygon with a large number of corners, ie nodes (32'), and straight, ie linear, sides, ie polygon side elements (31 '), which form the corners connect with each other, understood.
  • the polygon (3 ') typically comprises 5 or more sides. In the case of larger excavations (2), the convex polygon (3 ') can also have 30, 50 or more sides.
  • convex polygon segment (3 ') is understood to mean a part of the convex polygon (3'), analogously to the polygon segment (3). Thus, the polygon segment (3 ') is not closed, but has a beginning and an end.
  • the convex polygon segment (3 ') comprises at least one corner with two straight sides, i.e. at least one node (32') with two polygon side elements (31 ').
  • the sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') typically consist of one polygon side element (31') per side, with one or more sides of the polygon (3 ') being formed by part of the excavation wall (21) instead of the polygon side element (31') can.
  • the outer polygon section (4) is optional and is arranged in particular in the case of larger excavation pits and outside the polygon or polygon section (3, 3 ') to reinforce the polygon or polygon section (3, 3') and surrounds part of the polygon (3, 3 ') or the polygon segment (3,3'), or a part of it.
  • the polygon section (4) comprises two or more polygon side elements (41) and at least one node (42) which connects the polygon side elements (41).
  • the outer polygon section (4) - if this is necessary to reinforce the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') - is placed along the excavation wall (21) arranged and the polygon segment (3, 3 ') set back within the excavation (2), attached to a fixing device (7) and connected to the outer polygon segment (4) by means of pressure distribution elements (5) - typically struts.
  • the polygon section (4) is used in particular where, due to the dimensions of the excavation (2), more than one polygon or polygon segment (3) is to be used, but there is no space for any further, for example no second, adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') .
  • a polygon section (4) can, for example, have the size of half a polygon or polygon segment (3) or consist of only two polygon side elements (41) and a node (42). If two or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') are used, the outer polygon section (4) is arranged outside the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3') and / or between the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ').
  • the polygon or polygon segment (3) of the strut system (1) according to the invention comprises at least one - often also a large number of - polygon side elements (31) made of steel.
  • the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') of the inventive spruing system (1) comprises at least one - often also a large number of - polygon side elements (31') made of steel and the outer polygon section (4) comprises at least one - often also a large number of - polygon side elements (41) made of steel.
  • the dimensions of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) can be identical or different.
  • Each polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) forms one side, i.e. edge, of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') or of the outer polygon section (4).
  • the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) form the connecting line of the individual corners of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3. 3'), or the end sides of the polygon segments (3, 3 '), respectively. of the outer polygon section (4), selected sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') being formed by the or parts of the excavation wall (21) or longarines (22) instead of a polygon side element (31).
  • the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) made of steel can have a pressure distribution plate (12) at their ends, which typically adjoin the nodes (32, 32', 42).
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred when i) the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) adjoins a concrete pressure element (6), in particular in the form of a node (32, 32', 42) or a wedge (10), and / or if ii) a tensioning element (8) is arranged between a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and a node (32, 32', 42).
  • the polygon side elements (31) of the polygon or polygon segment (3), the polygon side elements (31 ') of the optional adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3') and the polygon side elements (41) of the optional outer polygon section (4) can be used for the polygon or polygon segment (3 ), the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') and the polygon section (4) each have identical or different dimensions.
  • the polygon side elements made of steel (31, 31 ', 41) have the same dimensions or are made from such. Their lengths of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are essentially determined by the dimension and number of corners of the polygon or Polygon segment (3, 3 ') and the polygon section (4) are determined and can be, for example, 1 to 30 m.
  • Suitable, non-limiting polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) include tubes, for example tubes with an outside diameter of 610 mm or 800 mm and a wall thickness of 16 mm or 20 mm, for example 610 x 16 mm or 800 x 20 mm, and / or H-beams, for example H-beams HEB 300 or HEB 600.
  • Suitable pipes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct selection of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) for the respective polygons or polygon segments (3, 3') and polygon sections (4).
  • the ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are preferably rectangular, which allows a simple, for example modular, construction with quick assembly and disassembly of the spreader system (1). In addition, since no miter has to be made, there is no waste.
  • a pressure distribution plate (12) - typically made of steel - is attached, in particular welded, to the respective end of the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41).
  • This pressure distribution plate (12) advantageously also serves as part of the formwork for producing the concrete pressure element (6).
  • the nodes (32, 32 ', 42)
  • the node (32) forms a corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3)
  • the node (32 ') forms a corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3')
  • the node (42) forms a corner of the outer polygon section (4).
  • the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) thus connect two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) or one polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and part of a construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22) with each other in such a way that the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) or the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and the part of a Construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22) are arranged at an angle to one another.
  • the angle between two adjacent polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) in the case of a large polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') or a large outer polygon section (4) with many corners can be, for example, 178 ° and in the case of a small polygon or polygon segment ( 3, 3 ') or small outer polygon section (4) with few corners, for example 90 °.
  • the node (32, 32 ', 42) also adjoins at least one pressure distribution element (5) around the forces acting on the node (32, 32', 42) in the direction of the excavation wall (21), adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') or outer polygon section (4) laterally and horizontally.
  • the node (32, 32 ', 42) is preferably i) as a concrete pressure element (6) and thus as a concrete node, ii) as a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners, preferably with at least 4 corners, iii) in the form of a swivel joint (9), preferably with at least 2, in particular with 3, 4 or 5, rotatable joint parts, or iv) a tube or cylinder, in particular as a stand (71) in the form of a steel tube or steel cylinder, and typically, particularly preferably, on an assembly table (11) arranged.
  • the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) of a polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') and of an outer polygon section (4) can all be designed to be the same or different.
  • at least one node (32, 32 ', 42) is designed in the form of a concrete pressure element (6).
  • The, ie at least one, node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a concrete pressure element (6) is a particularly preferred embodiment.
  • the assembly table (11) is either with a Equipped with a hole and pushed and fixed from above over the stand (71), or fixed in two or more parts from the side on the stand (71), in particular welded on.
  • the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) adjoining the node (32, 32', 42) and pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts have a pressure distribution plate (12) at their ends (see FIG Fig. 8 ).
  • concrete can be poured around the pipe or cylinder - typically limited by the pressure distribution plates (12) and, if necessary, by means of further formwork elements, whereby a concrete pressure element (6) is created to ensure the stability of the junction with the elements (31, 31 ', 41, 5).
  • the node (32, 32 ', 42) is in the form of a polygonal steel element - in particular an equilateral, polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners, these polygonal steel elements can be prefabricated at the factory.
  • the steel element is advantageously hollow except for the necessary reinforcement struts in the inner area, whereby a large weight saving can be achieved.
  • the optimal polygonal steel element for the corresponding angle is used, whereby in many cases no wedge (10) is used optimal setting of the angle must be used.
  • connection between the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41), pressure distribution elements (5) and the Steel element - advantageously on an assembly table (11) - preferably by means of welding.
  • the individual components, in particular also the steel element used, can be reused in a simple manner after dismantling.
  • a non-limiting embodiment of a suitable node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a polygonal steel element is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
  • the swivel joint (9) preferably comprises at least 2, in particular 3 to 5, rotatable joint parts around the polygon sides, in particular the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41 ) and / or the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular struts, and / or possibly the suspension beams (73) to be connected to one another.
  • the node (32, 32 ', 42) connects a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) with the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22), the node (32, 32 ', 42) is preferably in the form of a welded one Connection or a swivel joint (9) between the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22).
  • the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22) also form the pressure distribution element (5).
  • the wedge (10) is used to optimally set angles in the spreader system (1), in particular angles on the sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 '), the outer polygon section (4) and / or pressure distribution elements (5), in particular from Striving.
  • the wedge (10) is preferably designed in the form of a concrete wedge, and thus in the form of a concrete pressure element (6).
  • the wedge (10) can also be shaped a metal wedge.
  • the wedge (10) is preferably arranged on an assembly table (11) and preferably adjoins a node (32, 32 ', 42).
  • Is the wedge (10) a concrete wedge, i.e. a concrete pressure element (6), and is produced on site, whereby the size and the angle of the wedge (10) can be optimally adapted to the specific conditions.
  • the wedge (10) is a metal wedge, it is preferably manufactured at the factory and, for example, in different angles and different sizes, so that the wedge (10) can be used with the most optimal angle if necessary.
  • Metal wedges have the advantage that they are delivered to the construction site in a finished construction and can be removed again and reused after the spreader system (1) has been used. This saves time and material.
  • FIG Fig. 5 A non-limiting embodiment of a wedge (10) is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
  • Pressure distribution plates (12) are preferably arranged at the ends of polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) or pressure distribution elements (5) - for example struts. Due to the pressure distribution plates (12), the forces that act on the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) from the polygonal side elements (31, 31', 41) or the pressure distribution elements (5) are uniform over a larger area, in particular the lateral ones Area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), distributed.
  • the pressure distribution plates (12) are typically flat - for example rectangular - steel plates with a thickness of typically 3 to 5 cm.
  • the ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) have pressure distribution plates (12) in particular when they border on a concrete pressure element (6). Then the pressure distribution plates (12) also serve as a formwork element in the manufacture of the concrete pressure element (6). Mechanical fastening of the pressure distribution plate to the concrete is usually not necessary.
  • a concrete pressure element (6) is understood to be a connecting element made of concrete which connects at least two steel elements to one another.
  • the concrete is preferably not reinforced concrete, i.e. it typically does not have any reinforcement.
  • At least one steel pressure element (6) used according to the invention preferably the majority, ie more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, is the Steel pressure elements (6), not arranged on the construction pit wall (21).
  • the steel pressure elements (6) which are not arranged on the construction pit wall (21), are located inside the construction pit (2), ie typically on an assembly table (11) attached to the fixing device (7) on a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or is attached to a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut.
  • the concrete pressure element (6) is arranged on the assembly table (11) and the concrete pressure element (6) connects a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) with at least one further steel element of the polygon or polygon segment (3).
  • the ends of the at least one polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) adjoining the concrete pressure element (6) and / or of the at least one side pressure distribution element (5) have a pressure distribution plate (12), which can also serve as a formwork element in the manufacture of the concrete pressure element (6).
  • the concrete pressure element (6) is preferably produced on site, i.e. on the construction site, after the at least two steel elements have been correctly arranged on an assembly table (11).
  • the areas of the steel elements that will adjoin the concrete element (6) to be created advantageously have pressure distribution plates (12) which serve as formwork elements for producing the concrete element (6).
  • further formwork elements can be attached, for example by welding a metal plate to the assembly table (11).
  • the created formwork is poured with concrete and the concrete is hardened.
  • the concrete pressure elements (6) have a sufficiently high stability and an additional mechanical fastening of the pressure distribution plate (12) to the concrete is generally not necessary.
  • suitable concrete pressure elements (6) are in Figures 6a-c shown.
  • assembly table (11) is understood to mean an essentially planar surface on which elements of the inventive spreader system (1) can be placed. Suitable Elements include polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41), nodes (32, 32', 42), in particular nodes (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a concrete pressure element (6), pressure distribution elements (5), in particular in the form of struts , Wedges (10) and, if necessary, clamping elements (8) with fitting piece (81).
  • the assembly tables (11) also serve in particular as a base, ie as a lower formwork element, for the concrete pressure elements (6).
  • the assembly tables (11) are typically planar - for example rectangular or round - steel plates with a thickness of typically 2 to 3 cm.
  • the assembly tables (11) are preferably attached to the fixing device (7), in particular on or on stands (71) - in particular welded on.
  • the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section of the inventive, obtained according to the invention and used according to the invention sprout system (1) comprises at least one tensioning element (8) with fitting piece (81) whereby the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section (4) has a tension, the tensioning element (8) with fitting piece (81) preferably being arranged between a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) and a node (32, 32 ', 42) .
  • a tensioning element (8) is used in particular when the construction pit wall (21) must not move laterally in the direction of the construction pit (2) - for example when the construction pit (2) is being built near a road, a railway line and / or a building will.
  • the spreader system (1) presses the construction pit wall through the use of a tensioning element (8) (21) counteracts sufficiently high forces that the construction pit wall (21) is stable and does not collapse.
  • a tensioning element (8) is preferably arranged between one end of a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) with a pressure distribution plate (12) and a node (32, 32', 42).
  • FIG Fig. 7 A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable tensioning element (8) with fitting pieces (81) is shown in FIG Fig. 7 shown.
  • the swivel joint (9), i.e. joint (9), comprises at least two rotatable joint parts which are connected to one another with a bolt, for example.
  • the rotating parts of the swivel joint (9) can be rotated around the bolt, for example up to an angle of +/- 90 °.
  • the swivel joint (9) is preferably designed i) as a node (32, 32 ', 42) and / or ii) as a connecting piece. If necessary, the swivel joint (9) can be stiffened, for example by means of welding or a suitable bolt, after the spreader system (1) has been completely arranged and the angles of the swivel joints (9) have been correctly set.
  • the swivel joint (9) preferably comprises at least 2, in particular 3 to 5, rotatable joint parts around the polygon sides, in particular the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and / or to connect the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular struts, and / or optionally suspension supports (73) to one another, for example by means of welding and / or screws.
  • Suitable swivel joints (9) are known to the person skilled in the art and are either commercially available or can be easily manufactured. They can be made of solid steel and / or round steel. A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable swivel joint (9) is shown in FIG Figures 11a and 11b shown.
  • the spreader system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention has a large number of pressure distribution elements (5).
  • the pressure distribution elements (5) connect the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) to an excavation wall (21) and / or to another pressure distribution element (5).
  • the pressure distribution elements (5) are preferably arranged horizontally. The person skilled in the art knows from the individual spreader system (1) and the respective excavation pit (2) in what form and number the pressure distribution elements (5) are necessary.
  • the pressure distribution elements (5) optimally distribute the forces acting on the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) sideways, i.e. outwards in the plane of the polygon or polygon segment (3) and thus from the polygon or polygon segment (3) in the direction of the excavation wall (21) ).
  • the pressure distribution element (5) can act as a link between the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section (4) and the terrain adjacent to the excavation (2), ie solid ground such as earth, rock etc. and / or Waters to be considered.
  • the area adjacent to the excavation pit (2) exerts the necessary counter pressure so that the spreader system (1) can fulfill its function.
  • the pressure distribution element (5) is usually a horizontally arranged strut, ie a linear steel element. If the node (32, 32 ', 42) borders on the construction pit wall (21) or on the longarine (22), the construction pit wall (21), longarine (22) and / or a stand (71) of the fixing device (7) represent the This is particularly the case when the construction pit wall (21) represents at least one side of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ').
  • the construction pit wall (21) itself has the shape of a convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ').
  • the fixing device (7) preferably comprises at least one stand (71) which is arranged on the construction pit wall (21) and / or is part of the construction pit wall.
  • the pressure distribution element (5) or that part of the pressure distribution element (5) which is to adjoin the concrete pressure element (6) preferably has a pressure distribution plate (12).
  • the lateral pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts are preferably in the form of tubes and / or H-beams.
  • the length of the struts depends essentially on the distance from the respective node (32, 32 ', 42) to the construction pit wall (21), to the node (32', 42), respectively. to another pressure distribution element (5), for example a strut.
  • Struts can have lengths of, for example, about 0.5 meters to 10 meters or more.
  • Suitable tubes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct choice of struts.
  • a pressure distribution plate (12) made of steel is preferably attached, in particular welded, to the respective end of the pressure distribution elements (5).
  • This pressure distribution plate (12) advantageously also serves as part of the formwork for producing the concrete pressure element (6).
  • the spreader system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention has a fixing device (7).
  • the fixing device (7) fixes the parts of the spreader system (1) arranged in the horizontal plane, in particular the convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 '), the outer polygon section (4) and the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular in the form of struts.
  • the fixing device (7) is in the form of a plurality of fixing elements such as stands (71), a suspension device (72) with suspension supports (73) and / or one or more abutments, with stands (71) often being particularly preferred.
  • the suspension device (72) can be used in smaller sprouting systems (1) or selectively in one or more sub-areas of a sprouting system (1).
  • Abutments are preferably used when at least one polygon segment (3, 3 ') - for example as a boundary to a body of water - is used.
  • the ends of the at least one polygon segment (3, 3 ') are attached to abutments in the ground, in particular concreted, drilled, rammed - often in the form of concrete and / or steel anchors.
  • the fixing device (7) in the form of the stand (71) and the suspension device (72) is preferably arranged in the area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), with assembly tables (11) typically being attached to the fixing device (7) which the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are arranged.
  • the fixing device (7) in the form of abutments is preferably attached to the ends of the polygon side elements (3, 3 ').
  • the fixing device (7) comprises uprights (71), these are anchored in the subsurface of the construction pit (2).
  • the uprights (71) are rammed into the subsurface of the excavation (2) in such a way that they are stable and preferably to lie in the area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), which are typically supported by the uprights (71) come.
  • Assembly tables (11), on which the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), ends of polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and optionally ends of struts are arranged.
  • the fixing device (7) comprises at least one stand (71) and the excavation pit (2) is located in solid ground, the at least one stand (71) is not arranged on the excavation pit wall (21).
  • the fixing device (7) comprises a large number of uprights (71), all uprights (71) - or at least the majority, ie more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the uprights (71) - are not on the construction pit wall (21 ) arranged.
  • Suitable stands (71) are known to the person skilled in the art. They are typically driven into the ground using suitable construction machinery. Preferred stands (71) are in the form of tubes and / or H-beams. The length of the uprights (71) depends essentially on the depth of the construction pit (2) after the excavation work has been completed and on the subsoil. Preferred, non-limiting uprights (71) include tubes, H-beams, ie wide-flange beams, in particular made of profile steel according to EN 10034, DIN 1025-3 (HEA), DIN 1025-2 (HEB) and / or DIN 1025-4 (HEM), as well as sheet piling profiles, ie sheet piles. Suitable stands (71) are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct selection of the stands (71) for the different spreader systems (1).
  • the fixing device (7) comprises a suspension device (72), the spreader system (1) and thus the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and / or the outer polygon section (4) - or a sub-area thereof, is secured by means of the suspension device (72) - Suspended, ie fixed, on a rigid and solid area of the construction pit wall (21), longarine (22) and / or outside the construction pit (2), for example on a rock or a wall of a neighboring building. This fixation takes place - in the vertical direction - above the spreader system to be fixed (1).
  • the fixing device (7) comprises at least one stand (71) and the excavation pit (2) is located in solid ground, the at least one stand (71) is not arranged on the excavation pit wall (21). If the fixing device (7) comprises a large number of uprights (71), all uprights (71) - or at least the majority, ie more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the uprights (71) - are not on the construction pit wall (21 ) arranged.
  • the suspension device (72) typically comprises at least one suspension support (73) which connects the suspension device (72) to the part of the spreader system (1) arranged in the horizontal plane. If the fixation of the suspension device (72) is arranged above the spreader system (1) to be fixed, the suspension supports (73) are subjected to tensile loading. If the fixing of the suspension supports (73) is arranged on the side of the construction pit wall (21) below the spreader system (1), the suspension supports (73) are subjected to pressure.
  • the at least one suspension support (73) of the suspension device (72) connects a fastening element of the suspension device (72) to selected elements of the spreader system (1), in particular nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and / or assembly tables (11).
  • the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and / or the outer polygon section (4) are thus connected to the construction pit wall (21), the longarine (22) and / or a rigid and solid area outside the construction pit (2).
  • the suspension supports (73) are preferably fastened with swivel joints (9), although other, typically known, types of fastening, such as welded connections, can also be used.
  • the suspension supports (73) have, for example, an angle of 30 ° to 60 °, in particular an angle of 40 ° to 50 °, relative to the horizontal plane of the spreader system (1).
  • Preferred suspension supports (73) are in the form of tubes and / or H-supports. Suitable tubes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the appropriate selection.
  • a suspension device (72) is particularly suitable for areas of the spreader system (1) that are close to the construction pit wall (21), for example up to a distance from the construction pit wall (21) of about 20 m, in particular about 10 meters . If nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are not connected to the suspension device (72) - for example if the diameter of the excavation pit is greater than 50 meters, in particular greater than 30 meters - the nodes (32, 32', 42) are preferably by means of Stand (71) stabilized.
  • the at least one concrete pressure element (6) is produced in the same way, regardless of whether the concrete pressure element (6) is a node (32, 32 ', 42), a wedge (10) or a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut with a further steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5). If the concrete pressure element (6) cannot be created on an assembly table (11) which is attached to the fixing device (7), for example to a stand (71), an assembly table can also be attached to the corresponding side area of the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) or the strut are arranged, in particular welded on.
  • the manufacture of the concrete pressure element (6) according to the present invention is simple and efficient for a person skilled in the art.
  • the concrete can be a commercially available concrete.
  • the concrete pressure element (6) produced according to the method according to the invention has enough strength after just 3 days that it can withstand the forces acting on the spreader system (1), whereby it can be stressed.
  • the individual angles and distances can be set correctly in a simple manner.
  • the concrete pressure elements (6) e produced in this way have a sufficiently high stability and mechanical fastening of the pressure distribution plate (12) preferably used to the concrete is generally not necessary.
  • the construction pit wall (21) is used to create a lateral closure of the construction pit (2) and a first, planar construction pit excavation.
  • the construction pit closure is created in a known manner, for example by ramming sheet piling profiles into the ground, whereby the construction pit wall (21) is created. This prevents lateral soil or rock from collapsing into the excavation.
  • the area within the created excavation wall (21) is removed in a known manner up to a first, planar excavation level. The latter corresponds to the depth of the excavation where the - if necessary topmost - spreader system (1) is created. The skilled person can calculate the optimal level.
  • longarines (22) are fastened horizontally to the construction pit wall (21) at the level of the spreader system (1) to be created. If necessary, at least part of the excavation pit is also removed, whereby the excavation can be in solid form such as soil and / or rock, or in liquid form such as water,
  • the fixing device (7) is arranged including the stands (71) and / or the suspension device (72), the stands (71) preferably being rammed into the ground at selected, predefined locations so that they are connected horizontally to one another be able.
  • the person skilled in the art knows how to set the level correctly and what tolerances are allowed.
  • the suspension device (72) is fastened at selected locations on the construction pit wall (21) and / or outside the construction pit (2).
  • Assembly tables (11) are then attached to the fixing device, i.e. typically on and / or to the stands (71) and / or to the suspension device (72).
  • the assembly tables (11) usually consist of a steel plate, for example with a thickness of 30 mm.
  • the size, ie the surface, of the assembly table (11) is usually dimensioned so that both the node (32, 32 ', 42) and the ends of the polygon side elements to be attached to the node (32, 32', 42) (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) such as struts can be placed on the assembly table (11) in order to subsequently create the connections and / or to create a concrete pressure element (6).
  • the assembly table (11) therefore generally has larger dimensions than the node (32, 32 ', 42) lying on it.
  • the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on assembly tables (11) that the ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and the ends of the pressure distribution elements (5) connect two assembly tables (11) to one another or one assembly table (11) to the construction pit wall (21).
  • the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are connected to one another by means of nodes (32, 32', 42), preferably at least one node (32, 32 ', 42) as a concrete pressure element (6 ) is trained. If the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners, an open angle between the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) or Pressure distribution elements (5), for example in the form of struts, are closed with a concrete pressure element (6).
  • the excavation pit (2) is then completely excavated, with one or more lower-lying polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and optionally one or more outer polygon sections (4) being created by, among other things, fastening assembly tables (11), polygon side elements (31 , 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on the assembly tables (5) and then connected to nodes.
  • the spreader system (1) is created in or on bodies of water, the spreader system (1) is often arranged in the form of a polygon segment (3) or several polygon segments (3, 3 ') lined up next to one another. This is particularly the case when the excavation pit (2) to be created encompasses part of a body of water and is adjacent to the surroundings, i.e. solid ground such as rock and / or soil. If the spreader system (1) is arranged within a body of water, for example to create or renovate bridge piers, a spreader system (1) in the form of one or more self-contained polygons (3, 3 ') can also be present.
  • FIG Fig. 7 A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable tensioning element (8) with fitting pieces (81) is shown in FIG Fig. 7 shown.
  • the polygon or polygon segment (3) is an adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one node (32 ') and / or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one node (42) added in order to optimally stiffen the construction pit (2).
  • the spreader system (1) according to the invention and obtained according to the invention is preferably used for the splitting of construction pits (2), the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) representing a provisional demarcation from the ground and / or from a body of water and / or to with the Spriesssystem (1) a minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2), in particular a minimal obstruction when working in the construction and related trades in the construction pit (2).
  • the excavation area of an excavation pit (2) can represent solid ground, i.e. solid ground such as earth and / or rock, and / or a boundary in or to bodies of water in which water is pumped out of the excavation as excavated material.

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Claims (15)

  1. Système d'étai (1), destiné à rigidifier des tranchées de fondation (2) tout en assurant une entrave minimale due à la rigidification dans la zone d'excavation de la tranchée de fondation (2), permettant de réaliser une grande ouverture cohérente de la tranchée de fondation pour le transport vertical de charges, le système d'étai (1) comportant au moins un étayage sous la forme d'un polygone ou segment de polygone convexe, doté de côtés et d'angles (3), au moins un élément latéral de polygone (31) en acier et au moins un élément en acier supplémentaire, caractérisé en ce que le système d'étai comprend par ailleurs au moins un élément de compression en béton (6) sous la forme d'un élément d'assemblage en béton, doté d'une table de montage (11), la table de montage (11) représentant une surface planaire, sur laquelle on peut poser des éléments du système d'étai (1) et qui sert de support et fait ainsi office d'élément inférieur de coffrage pour les éléments de compression en béton (6) et l'élément en acier supplémentaire pouvant être utilisé comme une pièce du coffrage.
  2. Système d'étai (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un élément en acier supplémentaire représente un élément latéral de polygone (31), un élément latéral répartiteur de pression (5), une partie d'une paroi de tranchée de fondation (21) ou d'une longrine (22), et/ou un point de jonction (32) sous la forme d'un élément en acier polygonal, doté d'au moins 3 angles.
  3. Système d'étai (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étayage sous la forme d'un polygone ou segment de polygone (3) convexe comprend au moins un point de jonction (32), au moins un élément latéral répartiteur de pression (5), un dispositif de fixation (7) comprenant au moins un portant (71) et/ou un dispositif d'accrochage (72), ainsi que le cas échéant une articulation rotative (9) et/ou une cale (10), le point de jonction (32) et/ou la cale (10) pouvant également être conçu (e) sous la forme d'un élément de compression en béton (6).
  4. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le polygone ou segment de polygone (3) comporte au moins un élément de serrage (8) doté d'une pièce d'ajustage (81) et fait ainsi preuve d'une tension, l'élément de serrage (8) avec la pièce d'ajustage (81) étant placé de préférence entre un élément latéral de polygone (31) et un point de jonction (32).
  5. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que
    - les côtés du polygone ou segment de polygone (3) convexe sont formés par des éléments latéraux de polygone (31) et le cas échéant par au moins une partie d'une paroi de tranchée de fondation (21) de la tranchée de fondation (2) et/ou au moins une partie d'une longrine (22), laquelle est fixée sur la paroi de tranchée de fondation (21), et
    - les angles du polygone ou segment de polygone (3) convexe sont formés par des points de jonction (32), les points de jonction (32) se présentant sous la forme d'un élément de compression en béton (6), d'un élément en acier polygonal, doté d'au moins 3, notamment d'au moins 4 angles, et/ou d'une articulation rotative (9), les points de jonction (32) étant placés de préférence sur une table de montage (11), la table de montage (11) étant fixée sur le dispositif de fixation (7), notamment sur un portant (71).
  6. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le système d'étai (1) comprend en outre un polygone ou segment de polygone (3') convexe, voisin du polygone ou segment de polygone (3), doté d'au moins deux éléments latéraux de polygone (31') en acier et d'au moins un point de jonction (32') et/ou un segment extérieur de polygone (4) doté d'au moins deux éléments latéraux de polygone (41) en acier et d'au moins un point de jonction (42).
  7. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de compression en béton (6) est placé sur la table de montage (11) et en ce que l'élément de compression en béton (6) relie un élément latéral de polygone (31) avec au moins un élément en acier supplémentaire du polygone ou segment de polygone (3).
  8. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de compression en béton (6)
    i) représente un point de jonction (32), l'élément de compression en béton (6) reliant l'un à l'autre de préférence deux éléments latéraux de polygone (31) et au moins un élément latéral répartiteur de pression (5),
    ii) représente une cale (10), l'élément de compression en béton (6) reliant de préférence un élément latéral de polygone (31) avec un point de jonction (32) sous la forme d'un élément en acier polygonal doté d'au moins 3 angles, et/ou
    iii) relie une zone latérale d'un élément latéral de polygone (31) ou d'un élément répartiteur de pression (5) sous la forme d'une entretoise avec un élément en acier supplémentaire, notamment avec l'extrémité d'un élément répartiteur de pression (5).
  9. Système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités adjacentes à l'élément de compression en béton (6) de l'au moins un élément latéral de polygone (31) et/ou de l'au moins un élément latéral répartiteur de charge (5) comportent une plaque répartitrice de pression (12), laquelle peut également faire office d'élément de coffrage lors de la fabrication de l'élément de compression en béton (6).
  10. Procédé, destiné à fabriquer le système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que
    a) l'on pose sur la table de montage (11) l'extrémité ou une zone latérale d'au moins un élément latéral de polygone (31) et au moins un élément en acier supplémentaire et/ou l'extrémité d'au moins un élément en acier supplémentaire,
    b) l'on créé sur la table de montage (11) un coffrage latéral pour la fabrication de l'élément de compression en béton (6), l'élément latéral de polygone (31) et l'élément en acier supplémentaire étant utilisés en tant que pièce du coffrage et des côtés intercalés étant recouverts à l'aide d'éléments de coffrage supplémentaires,
    c) l'on remplit le coffrage latéral de béton et l'on fait durcir le béton, ce qui donne naissance à un élément de compression en béton (6), et
    d) l'on retire le cas échéant les éléments de coffrage supplémentaires, après le durcissement du béton.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la tranchée de fondation (2) du système d'étai (1) représente une tranchée de fondation (2) dans un sol plein et en ce que par ailleurs, pour la fabrication du système d'étai (1)
    - l'on créé au moins une paroi de tranchée de fondation (21) de la tranchée de fondation (2) et l'on procède de préférence à l'excavation au moins partielle de la tranchée de fondation (2),
    - l'on place le dispositif de fixation (7) comprenant le portant (71) et/ou le dispositif d'accrochage (72),
    - l'on fixe des tables de montage (11) sur le dispositif de fixation (7),
    - l'on place des éléments latéraux de polygone (31) et des éléments répartiteurs de pression (5) sur des tables de montage (11), de sorte que les extrémités des éléments latéraux de polygone (31) et les extrémités des éléments répartiteurs de pression (5) relient ensemble chaque fois deux tables de montage (11) ou une table de montage (11) avec la paroi de tranchée de fondation (21),
    - l'on relie ensemble les éléments latéraux de polygone (31) et les éléments répartiteurs de pression (5) à l'aide de points de jonction (32), de préférence au moins un point de jonction (32) étant réalisé en tant qu'élément de compression en béton (6), et
    - l'on procède à l'excavation finale de la tranchée de fondation (2), en créant le cas échéant un ou plusieurs polygones ou segments de polygone (3) placés plus profondément.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la tranchée de fondation (2) du système d'étai (1) représente une tranchée de fondation (2) dans ou à côté de plans d'eau et en ce que par ailleurs, pour la fabrication du système d'étai (1)
    - l'on procède au battage d'au moins un portant (71) dans le sous-sol,
    - l'on fixe par la suite sur l'au moins un portant (71) de préférence un dispositif de support latéral, destiné à recevoir une table de montage (11),
    - l'on fixe une table de montage (11) sur le dispositif de support latéral monté sur le portant (71), dans le cas d'une multiplicité de tables de montage (11), les tables de montage (11) étant montées sur le même niveau horizontal,
    - l'on pose sur la table de montage (11) chaque fois une extrémité de deux éléments latéraux de polygone (31), le cas échéant avec la plaque répartitrice de pression (12), et, si le point de jonction (32) ne représente pas un élément de compression en béton (6), un point de jonction (32),
    - si le point de jonction (32) est un élément de compression en béton (6) et/ou si l'on met en œuvre une cale (10) sous la forme d'un élément de compression en béton (6), l'on créé l'élément de compression en béton (6),
    - l'on fixe au moins deux longrines (22) sur au moins un portant (71) et sur chaque fois un élément de fixation supplémentaire, l'élément de fixation représentant un portant (71) ou une culée à l'extérieur du point d'eau,
    - l'on créé la paroi de tranchée de fondation (21), notamment sous la forme d'une palplanche, la paroi de tranchée de fondation (21) étant placée sur le côté des longrines (22) qui est opposé aux éléments latéraux de polygone (31),
    - l'on pompe l'eau dans la tranchée de fondation (2) .
  13. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'on met sous tension le polygone ou segment de polygone (3) et grâce à l'élément de serrage (8) inséré, il reste sous tension, de préférence,
    - à l'aide d'une presse hydraulique, l'on presse loin l'un de l'autre un point de jonction (32) et un élément latéral de polygone (31), et l'on obtient une niche de pression avec un écart X,
    - l'on met à disposition au moins deux pièces d'ajustage (81), les pièces d'ajustage (81) étant des distanceurs sous la forme de plaques d'acier, de la longueur X ou des cales métalliques, les cales métalliques pouvant être calées l'une contre l'autre dans la niche de pression,
    - l'on insère les pièces d'ajustage (81) dans la niche de pression, les pièces d'ajustage (81) étant soudées de préférences avec les éléments en acier adjacents, et
    - l'on insère les pièces d'ajustage (81) dans la niche de pression et on les soude avec les éléments en acier adjacents, et
    - avant ou après le soudage des pièces d'ajustage (81), l'on réduit la pression de pressage et on démonte la presse.
  14. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'on rajoute au système d'étai (1) un polygone ou segment de polygone (3') voisin du polygone ou segment de polygone (3), doté d'au moins deux éléments latéraux de polygone (31') en acier et au moins un point de jonction (32') et/ou un segment extérieur de polygone (4) doté d'au moins deux éléments latéraux de polygone (41) en acier et au moins un point de jonction (42), pour assurer une rigidification optimum de la tranchée de fondation (2).
  15. Utilisation du système d'étai (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 et obtenu selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13 pour l'étayage de tranchées de fondation (2), la paroi de tranchée de fondation (21) de la tranchée de fondation (2) représentant une délimitation provisoire par rapport au terrain et/ou par rapport à un plan d'eau, et/ou pour obtenir à l'aide du système d'étai (1) une entrave minimale dans la zone d'excavation de la tranchée de fondation (2), notamment une entrave minimale lors des travaux du domaine du gros-œuvre et du second œuvre dans la tranchée de fondation (2).
EP18833420.5A 2017-12-22 2018-12-20 Système d'étayage polygonal à n uds d'intersection permettant de renforcer une fouille de fondation Active EP3728743B1 (fr)

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CN110485434B (zh) * 2019-09-18 2021-07-23 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 一种用于深基坑支护的装配式环形钢结构内支撑结构体系及设计方法
CN110644495A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2020-01-03 中天建设集团有限公司 一种抽条开挖施工方法
CN111691428B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-01-28 中铁十八局集团有限公司 一种地铁车站基坑开挖施工用组合式支护体系
CN111851509A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-10-30 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法
CN112575791B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2022-05-13 北京京电丰盛建设有限公司 一种基坑支护结构及其施工方法
CN113585286B (zh) * 2021-08-24 2022-07-19 中铁四局集团有限公司 一种适用于基坑支护的混凝土支撑销装式组件
CN114059542B (zh) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-26 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 一种单元装配式溜管系统
CN114997072B (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-14 中建五局第三建设有限公司 基坑水平支撑布置方案确定方法、装置、设备及存储介质
CN115288155B (zh) * 2022-08-19 2023-10-27 中国一冶集团有限公司 一种方圆组合超深永久基坑支护结构的高效建造方法

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