EP3720573A1 - Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination - Google Patents

Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination

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Publication number
EP3720573A1
EP3720573A1 EP17829064.9A EP17829064A EP3720573A1 EP 3720573 A1 EP3720573 A1 EP 3720573A1 EP 17829064 A EP17829064 A EP 17829064A EP 3720573 A1 EP3720573 A1 EP 3720573A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
cerium
decontamination
surfactant
oxidizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17829064.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ramanathan S. Lalgudi
Richard Harris
Nathan Philip GANO
Erik W. Edwards
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
Original Assignee
Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battelle Memorial Institute Inc filed Critical Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
Publication of EP3720573A1 publication Critical patent/EP3720573A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/046—Salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/02—Chemical warfare substances, e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/06—Explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics, e.g. rocket fuel or napalm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile

Definitions

  • PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • examples of PAH include, but are not limited to, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluorene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. These are compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings, containing only carbon and hydrogen. They are potentially endocrine disrupting as well as potentially tumorigenic substances.
  • Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a concerning PAH.
  • PAH present in the soil is typically decontaminated using chemicals, microbes, and other physical methods, such as adsorption, thermal, ultra-violet, ultrasonic and plasma radiations.
  • PAH emitted from automotive fuel exhaust can be decontaminated using catalytic oxidation.
  • Protective clothing can include, for example, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders.
  • a firefighter’s turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets.
  • Protective clothing may also be worn by personnel in law enforcement, the military, cleaning or repair services, and the construction industry.
  • Decontamination compositions specifically used to decontaminate PAH that have reported in the literature only remove the contaminant partially from the surface, and they are not effective in converting them to less toxic or benign materials at room
  • the present invention relates generally to decontaminating clothing having toxic materials thereon. More particularly, it relates to decontaminating compositions and methods useful to decontaminate potentially toxic materials, such as PAH and others, present on clothing.
  • clothing which can be decontaminated using the decontaminating composition and method include, but are not limited to, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders.
  • a firefighter’s turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets.
  • the normal clothing of a person who was exposed to toxic materials, PAH, or both could also decontaminated using the decontamination composition.
  • the decontamination composition removes the toxic materials, PAH, or both from the surface and/or converts them to corresponding reaction products (e.g., oxidized products) which are typically less toxic or benign materials. It is also desirable that the reaction products (e.g., oxidized products) which are typically less toxic or benign materials. It is also desirable that the reaction products (e.g., oxidized products) which are typically less toxic or benign materials. It is also desirable that the
  • decontamination be effective at temperatures in the range of 4°C to 30°C within a brief period of time, e.g., preferably within one hour.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water.
  • the composition may have a cerium salt concentration ranging from 0.01 and 80 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on total composition), or from 0.01 and 70 wt%, or from 0.01 and 60 wt%, or from 0.01 and 50 wt%, or from 0.01 and 40 wt%, or from 0.01 and 30 wt%, or from 0.01 and 20 wt%, or from 0.01 and 10 wt%, or from 0.01 and 5 wt%, or from 1 and 80 wt%, or from 1 and 70 wt%, or from 1 and 60 wt%, or from 1 and 50 wt%, or from 1 and 40 wt%, or from 1 and 30 wt%, or from 1 and 20 wt%, or from 1 and 10 wt%, or from 1 and 10 wt%, or from 1 and 10 w
  • Suitable water soluble cerium salts include, but are not limited to, ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate, cerium(III) carbonate hydrate, cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate, cerium(IV) fluoride, cerium(IV) hydroxide, cerium(IV) nitrate hexahydrate, cerium(III) sulfate hydrate, or combinations thereof.
  • the cerium oxide concentration in the dispersion is generally 1 to 50 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on total composition), or 1 to 45 wt%, or 1 to 40 wt%, or 1 to 35 wt%, or 1 to 30 wt%, or 1 to 35 wt%, or 1 to 20 wt%, or 1 to 15 wt%, or 1 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 5 to 50 wt%, or 10 to 50 wt%, or 15 to 50 wt%, or 20 to 50 wt%, or 25 to 50 wt%, or 30 to 50 wt%, or 35 to 50 wt%, or 40 to 50 wt%, or 45 to 50 wt%,.
  • the cerium ion concentration in the decontamination composition is typically in the range of 1 to 500 parts per million (ppm), or 10 to 500 ppm, or 20 to 500 ppm, or 30 to 500 ppm, or 40 to 500 ppm, or 50 to 500 ppm, or 60 to 500 ppm, or 70 to 500 ppm, or 80 to 500 ppm, or 90 to 500 ppm, or 100 to 500 ppm, or 125 to 500 ppm, or 150 to 500 ppm, or 175 to 500 ppm, or 200 to 500 ppm, or 225 to 500 ppm, or 250 to 500 ppm, or 275 to 500 ppm, or 300 to 500 ppm, or 325 to 500 ppm, or 350 to 500 ppm, or 375 to 500 ppm, or 400 to 500 ppm, or 425 to 500 ppm, or 450 to 500 ppm, or 475 to 500 ppm, or 1 to 475 ppm, or 1 to 450 pp
  • the water used in the solution can be any type of water, including but not limited to, distilled water, deionized water, tap water, and the like.
  • the water is generally present in the decontamination composition in amount ranging from 30 to 99 wt%, or 35 to 99 wt%, or 40 to 99 wt%, or 45 to 99 wt%, or 50 to 99 wt%, or 55 to 99 wt%, or 60 to 99 wt%, or 65 to 99 wt%, or 70 to 99 wt%, or 75 to 99 wt%, or 80 to 99 wt%, or 85 to 99 wt%, or 90 to 99 wt%, or 95 to 99 wt%, or 30 to 95 wt%, or 30 to 90 wt%, or 30 to 85 wt%, or 30 to 80 wt%, or 30 to 75 wt%, or 30 to 70 wt%, or 30 to 65 wt%, or 30 to 60 wt%, or 30 to
  • the decontamination composition may optionally include at least one of an oxidizer, an activator for the oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer.
  • an oxidizer an activator for the oxidizer
  • a surfactant a co-solvent
  • a chelating agent a polymer.
  • the oxidizer may oxidize and decontaminate phthalate plasticizers, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and chemical and biological warfare agents.
  • Any suitable oxidizer may be used, including, but not limited to, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or
  • the oxidizer may comprise 1 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 2 to 10 wt%, or 3 to 10 wt%, or 4 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or 6 to 10 wt%, or 7 to 10 wt%, or 8 to 10 wt%, or 9 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 9 wt%, or 1 to 8 wt%, or 1 to 7 wt%, or 1 to 6 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 4 wt%, or 1 to 3 wt%, or 1 to 2 wt%.
  • the activator for the oxidizer activates the oxidizer so that the oxygen release takes place at lower temperature.
  • the effectiveness of cleaning is seen above 45 °C.
  • an activator is used with the hydrogen peroxide, effective cleaning can take place at
  • Suitable activators include, but are not limited to, tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, silver acetate, silver nitrate, manganese acetate, copper acetate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof.
  • TAED tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine
  • sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
  • silver acetate silver nitrate
  • manganese acetate copper acetate
  • iron (II) sulfate iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof.
  • the activator may comprise 0.01 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.01 to 8 wt%, or 0.01 to 6 wt%, 0.01 to 5 wt%, 0.01 to 4 wt%, or 0.01 to 3 wt%, 0.01 to 2 wt%, or 0.01 to 1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.4 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.3 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.2 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.08 wt%, 0.01 to 0.06 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.05 wt%.
  • the surfactant may be useful to spread the decontamination composition evenly on the contaminated surface. Any suitable surfactant may be used.
  • the surfactant can be a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or combinations thereof.
  • non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, poly(ethylene oxide-b- propylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide-b -butylene oxide), sorbitol esters of fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and combinations thereof.
  • anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, poly acrylic acid, sulfate based surfactants, and sulfonate based surfactants, and combinations thereof.
  • cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium salts, polyquaterniriums, and poly(vinyl pyridine) co-N,N dimethyl ethyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof.
  • Polyquaternium is a designation used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.
  • polyquaterniums examples include, but are not limited to, polyquaternium-5 which is a copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate, polyquaternium-7 which is copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and polyquaternium-7 which is terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate.
  • surfactants are: ALGENE®, EMPIGEN® B series, BTC Onixide, and Quaterx 192.
  • the surfactant may comprise 0.5 to 2 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 1 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.9 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.7 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.6 to 2 wt%, or 0.7 to 2 wt%, or 0.8 to 2 wt%, or 0.9 to 2 wt%, or 1.0 to 2 wt%, or 1.1 to 2 wt%, or 1.3 to 2 wt%, or 1.4 to 2 wt%, or 1.5 to 2 wt%, or 1.6 to 2 wt%, or 1.7 to 2 wt%, or 1.8 to 2 wt%, or 1.9 to 2 wt%.
  • the co-solvent can help to keep the desired solubility of the decontamination composition.
  • Any suitable co-solvents can be used, including but not limited to, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
  • the co-solvent may comprise 10 to 30 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 10 to 25 wt%, or 10 to 20 wt%, or 10 to 15 wt%, or 15 to 30 wt%, or 20 to 30 wt%, or 35 to 30 wt%.
  • the chelating agent can prevent the interference of minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium with cerium during the decontamination reactions.
  • Any suitable chelating additives can be used including, but not limited to, citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, or combinations thereof.
  • the chelating agent may comprise 0.2 to 1 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.2 to 0.9 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.4 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.3 wt%, or 0.3 to 1 wt%, or 0.4 to 1 wt%, or 0.5 to 1 wt%, or 0.6 to 1 wt%, or 0.7 to 1 wt%, or 0.8 to 1 wt%, or 0.9 to 1 wt%.
  • the polymer can help achieve desirable flow, viscosity, or both of the decontamination composition during application.
  • Any suitable polymer can be used including, but not limited to, polyacrylic acids, a poly (acrylic acid-co-methyl vinyl ether), polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl pyridines, polyoxazolidone and polyoxazolidone copolymers, or combinations thereof.
  • the polymer may comprise 0.1 to 5 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.1 to 4.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 4 wt%, or 0.1 to 3.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 3 wt%, or 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 2 wt%, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 1 wt%, or 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 5 wt%, or 2 to 5 wt%, or 2.5 to 5 wt%, or 3 to 5 wt%, or 3.5 to 5 wt%, or 4 to 5 wt%, or 4.5 to 5 wt%.
  • the cerium salt can be reacted with hydroxides to form a dispersion of cerium oxide in water.
  • hydroxides include, but are not limited to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), ammonium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, or combinations thereof.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-250 ppm cerium ions.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-100 ppm cerium ions.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium salt, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
  • the decontamination compositions decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the clothing.
  • the decontamination composition converts the toxic materials and/or PAHs to their corresponding oxidized products which are typically less toxic or benign materials.
  • at least some of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed and converted to less toxic or benign materials.
  • at least 50% of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed or converted, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%.
  • Another aspect of the invention involves methods of decontaminating clothing having toxic materials and/or PAH on it.
  • the method involves applying a decontamination composition to clothing containing toxic materials and/or PAH.
  • the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or dispersion of cerium oxide in water as described above.
  • the decontamination composition can be applied using any suitable method including, but not limited to, spraying, dipping, pouring, wiping scrubbing, and combinations thereof.
  • the decontamination composition can be removed from the clothing after decontamination by the same methods.
  • the aqueous solution of the water soluble cerium salt or the dispersion of cerium oxide in water may be prepared in advance of use or it may be prepared at the time it is to be applied.
  • the decontamination composition should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 4°C to 30°C for storage and application, or l0°C to 30°C, or l5°C to 30°C, or 20°C to 30°C, or 22°C to 30°C.
  • the toxic materials, PAH, or both are removed and/or converted to less toxic or benign materials within 24 hours, or within 12 hours, or within 6 hours, or within 4 hours, or within 2 hours, or within 1 hour.
  • the decontamination composition is used to generate a liquid. In some embodiments, the decontamination composition is used to generate a liquid.
  • the decontamination composition is used to decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs from the firefighter’s protective clothing after the firefighter returns from the scene of a fire incident.
  • kits containing the components for the decontamination composition.
  • the cerium salt, cerium oxide (or cerium salt and hydroxide) could be provided in the appropriate amounts, along with one or more of the optional oxidizer, activator, surfactant, co-solvent, chelating agent, and polymer, as desired.
  • the kit can be easily stored and transported to the application site where the components can be mixed with water and applied.
  • the kit could designed to provide include sufficient cerium salt or cerium oxide for a single application, for example for a single fire fighter, or multiple applications, for example two or more fire fighters. Instructions can be included in the kit to provide directions for the proper mixing and application procedures.
  • Example 1 Preparation of Decontamination Composition A
  • Ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate 40 grams (g) (Sigma# C3654) was dissolved in 100 grams of distilled water. Once the solid was dissolved, a sonicating horn
  • TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
  • Example 6 Preparation of Decontamination Composition F In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(IV) hydroxide and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition F.
  • B(a)P is one of the concerning PAHs which can be present on the firefighter ensemble.
  • the decontamination solution A obtained from example 1 was sprayed onto B(a)p challenged test fabrics such that the quantity of cerium added to the fabric was between 7.5 and 10.6 mg/in 2 (milligrams per square inch). After 15 minutes, the fabric was extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a UV-VIS detector. There was no B(a)P left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100% decontaminated.
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • Example lOa Decontamination of PAH’s using water One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with
  • Example 11 Decontamination of PAH’s using Decontamination Composition A
  • One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 300 micrograms of B(a)P.
  • the B(a)P challenged test fabric was placed in a beaker containing 50 mL of the decontamination solution A obtained from example 1. After 5 minutes of exposure, the fabric was removed and extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using HPLC with a ETV-VIS detector. There was no B(a)P left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100% decontaminated.
  • Example 13 Example of on-Scene decontamination method at the scene of a fire incident.
  • Optional - Spray down firefighter with clean water removing loose soot from SCB A, jacket, trousers, gloves, and boots. Rinse helmet separately. Spray firefighter with decontamination solution, making sure to fully cover/saturate all turnout gear, including hood. Spray helmet separately, inside and out. After all visible soot has come in contact with decontamination solution, firefighter will remove Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Additional solution may be sprayed on areas that were covered with SCBA bottle and straps. Spray SCBA completely, including the seal of the mask. Pour out any remaining decontamination solution and rinse sprayer with clean water. Return to station, remove turnout gear, and shower. Wash turnout gear before wearing again in accordance with NFPA 1851 or standard AATCC method.
  • SCBA Self-contained Breathing Apparatus
  • Example 14 On-Scene decontamination of PAH’s using the decontamination Composition 1A immediately from the firefighter’s ensemble after a rescue mission on the scene of a fire incident.
  • the firefighter will proceed to a mobile shower unit, wherein the shower unit comprises of shower heads capable of spraying the decontamination composition 1 A and municipal water in tandem for a specified amount of time as soon as the firefighter steps into the shower.
  • the shower booth is capable of indicating the firefighter whether the decontamination is complete by flashing a green light.
  • the shower booth is further capable of collecting the run off solution in isolated tank for reuse or safe discharge. Once the decontamination process is complete, the firefighter can safely remove the ensemble and return to station.
  • Example 15 Off-site decontamination of PAH’s using the decontamination solution 1 A from the firefighter’s ensemble collected and stored after the rescue mission.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions de décontamination. La composition de décontamination comprend une solution aqueuse d'un sel de cérium hydrosoluble ou d'une dispersion d'oxyde de cérium dans l'eau. La composition de décontamination peut éventuellement comprendre au moins l'un d'un oxydant, d'un tensioactif, d'un co-solvant, d'un agent chélatant et d'un polymère. L'invention concerne en outre des procédés de décontamination.
EP17829064.9A 2017-12-05 2017-12-05 Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination Withdrawn EP3720573A1 (fr)

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US6090291A (en) * 1997-08-20 2000-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Waste processing method and waste processing apparatus
FR2775606B1 (fr) * 1998-03-09 2000-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv)
JP4303365B2 (ja) * 1998-07-30 2009-07-29 日本ペイント株式会社 アルミニウム系金属の洗浄水溶液およびその洗浄方法
DE202006005910U1 (de) * 2006-04-11 2006-06-08 Wigo-Werk Kreuznach Chemische Fabrik Gmbh Scheibenreinigungssystem mit Nanokomponenten
BRPI0711498A2 (pt) * 2006-06-05 2011-12-20 Yeda Res & Dev dispositivo, estojo, fluidos de descontaminação e métodos para seu uso
JP2011517618A (ja) * 2008-04-03 2011-06-16 シーメンス ウォーター テクノロジース コーポレイション 触媒湿式酸化システム及び方法
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