EP3718163A1 - Procédé de régulation de température d'une batterie et batterie régulée en température - Google Patents

Procédé de régulation de température d'une batterie et batterie régulée en température

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Publication number
EP3718163A1
EP3718163A1 EP18812111.5A EP18812111A EP3718163A1 EP 3718163 A1 EP3718163 A1 EP 3718163A1 EP 18812111 A EP18812111 A EP 18812111A EP 3718163 A1 EP3718163 A1 EP 3718163A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
battery
adsorber
adsorbent
working medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18812111.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralph Herrmann
Walter Mittelbach
Charles PEUROIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fahrenheit GmbH
Original Assignee
Fahrenheit GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fahrenheit GmbH filed Critical Fahrenheit GmbH
Publication of EP3718163A1 publication Critical patent/EP3718163A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of a battery assembly and tempered battery assembly according to the preambles of claim 1 and a tempered battery assembly according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Methods for tempering a battery assembly aim at an optimal temperature setting of the battery assembly taking into account the respective operating conditions of the battery , A temperature of the
  • Battery arrangement is particularly in battery arrangements in the higher
  • the battery assembly of an electric vehicle requires in a special way cooling to protect the battery, which is effective both during the charge and during the discharge of the battery while driving.
  • superchargers i. special charging stations with relatively high charging currents are released in the battery assembly considerable amounts of heat that possible
  • batteries used in electric vehicles must be heated to a certain operating temperature, even at low outside temperatures, to maximize their range. At low outdoor temperatures, in particular, a cold start of the battery leads to a rapid discharge and this has a negative effect on the life of the battery.
  • the temperature control of such battery arrangements can be achieved by using adsorption technology with so-called adsorption heat pumps be made.
  • the battery cells are in thermal contact with an adsorbent. They may in particular be coated with a solid adsorbent.
  • the coating consists, for example, of crystallized zeolites on an aluminum sheet or of a coating using organic or inorganic binders.
  • the adsorber is in fluid communication with a heat exchanger which is used for the phase transformation of the adsorptive.
  • This heat exchanger thus acts as a phase converter.
  • a working medium is driven. This circulation takes place via cyclic adsorption and desorption of the working medium at the adsorber.
  • the phase converter is cooled or heated with an external refrigeration cycle or external heat source, preferably using the existing air conditioning system of the vehicle.
  • the waste heat released thereby will cause the working fluid, i. the adsorptive, desorbed from the saturated adsorber.
  • the released adsorbent flows to the phase converter where it condenses.
  • the resulting heat of condensation is dissipated by the external system, such as the vehicle's air conditioning system.
  • the adsorber sucks as a result of the adsorption process in the
  • Phase converter contained condensate The working medium is adsorbed in the adsorber and releases heat during adsorption. This heat is released via heat conduction to the cells of the battery.
  • the necessary Heat of vaporization, which must be supplied to the phase converter is at ambient temperature via an external system, eg. B. the heat exchanger of the vehicle air conditioning system, supplied to the phase converter.
  • Adsorptionsreaen based however, has a number of disadvantages. A very important disadvantage is that with such adsorptive
  • the adsorber can not be re-loaded with the working fluid, because during the operation of the battery is a supply of
  • the storage discharge of the adsorber can not or only very difficult, because the released heat of adsorption must be dissipated to the environment with high ambient temperature.
  • the battery assembly can only badly drive out the working medium from the adsorber whose heat is dissipated only insufficient and transmitted to the environment and the adsorption heat pump works very ineffective or is ineffective.
  • the method for temperature control of a battery assembly is a
  • Phase converter driven working fluid is cyclically cooled or heated.
  • the at least one battery cell is heat-contacted with an adsorbent of the adsorber and the battery cell is tempered by these
  • the method is characterized in that the
  • Battery assembly and the adsorber and the phase converter are heat contacted via an additional fluid circuit with a circulating in the additional fluid circuit heat transfer fluid. That's it
  • the additional fluid circuit is materially separated from the adsorption heat pump.
  • the heat transferring fluid is discharged from the assembly via a heat exchange surface
  • the additional fluid circuit allows in addition to the cyclic temperature of the battery assembly by the adsorption heat pump temperature control of the entire device of battery assembly and adsorber. This occurs especially in action when the battery assembly is to be tempered during normal operation and it allows regeneration of a desired
  • the adsorption heat pump when the auxiliary fluid circuit is put into operation, the adsorption heat pump is temporarily shifted from the cyclical operation into an operation mode of forced convection.
  • the working medium is introduced in excess into the adsorber and the adsorber flooded. Subsequently, the liquid working medium
  • Heat transfer circuit while the working medium of the adsorption heat pump without any phase transformations and adsorptions and desorptions acts only as a heat transfer fluid.
  • Forced convection in the present context means that the working medium is not sucked by adsorption and desorption in the adsorber or expelled from the adsorber, but that the working medium mechanically, in particular by means of a pump, circulated, and thereby the heat conventionally and by the mere Circulated.
  • Forced convection can be carried out in particular by supplying and discharging the working medium by means of a pump unit, wherein the control of the pump unit in dependence on current
  • the working medium is removed from an existing reservoir and fed through the pump unit.
  • the working medium is drawn back into the reservoir and collected there, so that only adsorbed in the adsorber
  • the additional fluid circuit is formed as a heat pipe, wherein the heat transfer fluid at the external heat source and / or the external heat sink performs a phase transition and there performs a corresponding heat exchange with external heat sources or heat sinks.
  • heat transfer fluid performs any adsorption and desorption.
  • the temperature-controlled battery arrangement comprises a plurality of battery cells and a battery cell tempering unit, which is integrated into the battery arrangement and surrounds each individual battery cell
  • Batteriezellentemperierü can be coupled to external temperature control.
  • the battery cell tempering unit has, in one embodiment, at least a first surface portion of the battery cell covering and with the
  • Battery cell in thermal contact adsorbent section for coupling with an adsorption heat pump and a second with the environment in the
  • the battery cell temperature control unit consists of a series of flow channels extending between the battery cells, wherein the flow channels are filled alternately as with an adsorbent and by a Adsorbate acted upon Sorptionsströmungskanäle and with a fluid
  • the battery cell tempering unit can also be designed as an arrangement of a first, surrounding the battery cell in the thermal contact inner flow channel and a second, the inner flow channel in a thermal contact surrounding outer flow channel.
  • the inner or outer flow channel is filled with an adsorbent and the adsorbent is acted upon by an adsorbate, wherein the with the
  • Adsorbent filled flow channel is coupled to an adsorption heat pump, and the respective other flow channel to an external
  • Heat transfer circuit is coupled.
  • the battery cell tempering unit can also be in thermal contact with a first surface section of the battery cell and one with an adsorbent in the form of heat transfer plates through which a fluid flows
  • Heat exchanger plates are connected to an external heat transfer circuit and the sorption channel is part of a Adsorptions Scripumpe.
  • Fig. La is a schematic representation of a battery temperature control with a
  • 1 b is a schematic representation of the additional heat transfer circuit in addition to the cyclical operation of the adsorption heat pump
  • 1c shows a schematic representation of the additional heat transfer medium circuit using a heat pipe
  • Id a basic representation of a battery temperature control with a
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of the heat conduction processes within the
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation of a first embodiment of the battery arrangement
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of a second embodiment of the battery arrangement with inner and outer flow channels
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of a third embodiment of the battery assembly with battery cells partially surrounded
  • Fig. 6 is a representation of the interconnection of the battery assembly with
  • 6a is an illustration of the battery temperature during a
  • 6b is an illustration of the battery temperature during a continuous operation of the battery assembly and an adsorber regeneration
  • Fig. 6c is a representation of the battery temperature during preheating of the battery assembly at cold ambient temperatures.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible embodiment of a cooling circuit using a heat pipe
  • Fig. 8 is an illustration of an operating mode of the additional
  • Fig. 9 shows an operating mode for heating the battery at low
  • Fig. 10 is an illustration of the operating mode for charging the thermal
  • FIG. 12 shows an illustration of the mode of action in the case of an intrusion of air
  • FIG. 13 shows an exemplary application of the heat pipe system for tempering an electronic component
  • Fig. La shows a comparison of a basic representation of a
  • Battery temperature control with an adsorber and a phase converter according to the prior art.
  • the arrangement of the battery temperature control according to the prior art shown in Fig. La basically builds on an adsorption heat pump A.
  • a battery assembly Ba is in thermal contact with an adsorber Ad,
  • the adsorber is connected as part of the adsorption heat pump A with a phase converter Ph. Between the adsorber and the phase converter is a
  • Working medium AM driven.
  • the working medium is adsorbed or desorbed on the adsorbent ads of the adsorber.
  • a valve VI controls the flow of the gaseous working fluid between the adsorber and the phase converter.
  • Adsorption of the working medium releases heat of adsorption.
  • the battery assembly Ba heat is supplied.
  • the battery can also give off heat to the adsorbent and thereby be cooled.
  • the adsorbed working medium is expelled from the adsorbent and condenses in the phase converter Ph. Through these processes, the battery is thus warmed or cooled.
  • the heat which the working medium emits or absorbs via the adsorbent in these processes is transferred via the phase converter to external components
  • the working medium in the phase converter is condensed or evaporated.
  • Phase converter takes place when the working medium expelled from the adsorbent and thus the battery assembly Ba is cooled.
  • the evaporation of the working medium takes place during the adsorption of the working medium in the adsorbent and thus during the heating of the battery.
  • the condensation heat released during the condensation of the working medium in the phase converter or the heat of vaporization absorbed during the evaporation of the working medium in the phase converter is exchanged, for example, with a climate system K of the vehicle.
  • a climate system K of the vehicle In this case, in the air conditioning system of the vehicle, another medium flows, which absorbs the heat at the phase converter Ph or gives it to this.
  • Phase converter vaporizes the working medium in the phase converter and is adsorbed in the adsorbent of the adsorber, where it gives off this heat to the battery.
  • the climate system K can also be replaced by any external system that can absorb heat and thus serves as a heat sink, or that supplies heat and can thus be used as a heat source.
  • the air conditioning system K comprises a compressor C, valves V2 to V4 and various heat exchangers Hxl and Hx2 for
  • Adsorptive flows to the phase converter Ph, where it condenses.
  • Condensation heat is dissipated by the external system, in this case the air conditioner K of the car. After the end of the desorption, the valve VI closed within the adsorption heat pump A. The working medium is now almost completely condensed in the phase converter and the adsorbent ads is unloaded.
  • the adsorption of the working medium in the adsorber is carried out in a memory discharge of the battery when a heating of the battery, especially at low ambient temperatures is necessary. This happens to the fullest
  • the valve VI is opened.
  • the adsorber ad sucks the condensate contained in the phase converter Ph
  • the working medium is adsorbed in the adsorbent Ads and releases heat during adsorption.
  • the released heat passes through the thermal contact, in particular via heat conduction to the battery assembly Ba and is discharged to the cells.
  • the necessary heat of vaporization is supplied at ambient temperature via an external system, here in the present example, a heat exchanger of the air conditioner K to the phase converter Ph.
  • the sorbate is usually inversely correlated to the state of charge of the battery. This is because during the rapid charging of the battery for battery cooling, the working fluid is expelled from the adsorbent. The working medium is then completely or at least predominantly in condensed form in the phase converter and remains there as long as no heating of the battery is necessary. It is no longer available for further cooling of the battery assembly.
  • a return of the working medium in the adsorbate ads is no longer readily possible.
  • a transfer of the working fluid back into the adsorber would cause then the battery would be overheated.
  • the system shown in Fig. La thus provides none Ability to dissipate this heat of adsorption to the environment and also does not allow continuous cooling of the battery assembly Ba during operation.
  • Fig. Lb shows a schematic representation of the additional heat transfer circuit in addition to the cyclical operation of the adsorption heat pump according to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the additional heat transfer circuit Z is assigned to the adsorption heat pump A. It runs over the entire arrangement of battery assembly Ba and adsorber Ad and exchanges heat via a heat exchanger WÜ with external heat sources and / or heat sinks. These external heat sources and heat sinks are for example a passenger compartment, the environment or an external heat pump.
  • the heat carrier circuit is also heat contacted with the phase converter Ph of the adsorption heat pump. That in the extra
  • Heat transfer fluid circulating heat transfer fluid is
  • the additional heat transfer circuit basically fulfills two functions. First, it allows a continuous temperature control of the battery assembly during regular operation, in particular its continuous cooling or heating to a suitable operating temperature. Second, the additional heat transfer circuit allows for a return of the working medium from the phase converter Ph back into the adsorbent ads or optionally one
  • the resulting heat or heat can be easily dissipated or supplied via the additional heat carrier circuit without the temperature of the battery assembly Ba is affected.
  • the additional heat transfer circuit thus allows the targeted setting of a specific output configuration of the adsorption heat pump.
  • the fluid forcibly driven in the additional heat carrier circuit can also be the working medium of the adsorption heat pump A itself and the components of the adsorption heat pump directly and thus not only in the Flow through thermal contact. In such a case, the working fluid is added in excess and thus become the components of
  • Adsorption heat pump flooded so far that the working fluid no phase transitions in the phase converter Ph and no adsorption and
  • Desorption in adsorbate ads can perform.
  • the working medium flows through the additional forced convective in such a case
  • Heat transfer circuit and acts as a mere heat transfer fluid.
  • the advantage of such a mode of operation is that all
  • Heat transfer circuit can be charged with the working fluid, the additional heat transfer circuit itself puts the adsorption heat pump in a defined initial state and in particular filled the adsorber with the working fluid. The resulting heat of adsorption is dissipated by the circulating in excess working fluid easily, the temperature of the battery assembly Ba to a required
  • Fig. Lc shows an embodiment of an additional heat transfer circuit Z using a heat pipe functionality, i. a so-called heat pipe.
  • the heat transfer circuit Z forms in its entirety the
  • Heat pipe which is always characterized by a partial circle for the steam transport and a partial circle for the liquid transport.
  • the heat transfer fluid circulates through the
  • Phase converter Ph where a phase transition from liquid to gas takes place. Via the valve VI, the resulting vapor flows to the adsorber Ad, where it condenses on the surface of the adsorbent Ads and thereby the
  • inventive structure for heat transfer between battery assembly and circuit K both without (Fig lb) and with phase transition (Fig lc) can be used and can be easily controlled by the system pressure and the pump controls.
  • an embodiment without the pump P2 is possible if the liquid transport via suitable mechanisms such. sufficient by capillary forces.
  • FIG. 1 d shows a further example of an arrangement according to the invention for controlling the temperature of the battery arrangement Ba.
  • the arrangement shown here contains all the components as shown in Fig. 1a, i. in particular the battery assembly Ba with the heat-contacted adsorber Ad and the adsorbent ads, which in turn is part of the
  • Adsorption heat pump A is.
  • the adsorption heat pump is again exemplarily coupled with the air conditioning system K of the vehicle as an external system.
  • Heat transfer circuit Z provided, the heat transfer to the
  • Adsorption heat pump is in this embodiment, no part of the additional heat transfer circuit Z.
  • Working medium can be returned to the adsorber Ad and adsorbed there again, without overheating the battery. Because the released there heat of adsorption can over the additional
  • Heat transfer circuit Z are derived. This can happen especially at high ambient temperatures and at a relatively high state of charge of the battery assembly Ba, so that enough working fluid is present in the adsorber Ad to the battery even at high
  • the heat to be supplied to or removed from the battery assembly Ba can be dissipated or supplied in a very different manner from the additional fluid circuit.
  • Possible heat transfer to the already used by the adsorption heat pump A external heat source or heat sink, here for example to the air conditioning of the vehicle, or a direct heat transfer via the circle Z to the environment.
  • the battery assembly Ba and the adsorbent ads arranged thereon are designed correspondingly for heat transfer to the additional heat transfer medium circuit.
  • some configurations of the battery assembly in connection with the adsorber will be exemplified.
  • the heat transfer to the battery cell for example, by a heat conduction within the Adsorber Modellmaterials, z. B. by
  • Aluminum sheets or by open-pore structures (aluminum foams or fibers) on which the adsorbent is applied.
  • a first device-side embodiment a first device-side embodiment
  • Heat conduction device 2 is provided.
  • Fig. 2 shows a corresponding example here. If the battery assembly Ba consists of a plurality of battery cells as functional basic units, this heat-conducting device is provided on each battery cell.
  • Fig. 2 shows a battery cell 1. This is surrounded with the adsorbent Ads and is in thermal contact with this. The adsorbent ads forms an adsorbent section 3 on the battery cell surface. Possible is a pushed onto the battery cover similar to a sleeve or a with the
  • Adsorbent filled flow channel In and out of the adsorbent is
  • the working medium is adsorbed or desorbed as adsorbent.
  • the device from FIG. 2 has a heat-conducting section 4 which is connected both to the battery cell 1 and to the adsorbent section 3 in FIG
  • the cherriesleitabites 4 may be formed as cooling plates.
  • the cooling plates thus cause a heat exchange with the additional heat transfer circuit. They form an additional temperature control unit of the battery cell 1.
  • the cooling plates 4 are then acted upon by the fluid, in particular a liquid, of the additional heat transfer medium circuit Z.
  • the designed as a liquid circulation heat transfer circuit Z cools the battery during continuous operation when the battery heat is too high in operation.
  • the liquid loop can also provide cooling when excess condensate needs to be adsorbed so that the next fast charge of the battery can be prepared.
  • the liquid circuit can be circulated as described either with a pump or designed as a heat pipe in which the heat transfer through a
  • an embodiment of the battery assembly Ba which is formed as a battery pack, wherein the battery pack is coupled as a whole both as a part of the fluid circuit and the adsorption heat pump.
  • the battery pack may be constructed so that each battery cell is in contact with a surface which is in fluid with the additional fluid
  • Heat transfer circuit Z which acts in particular as a cooling liquid, is covered, and on the other hand with a surface in thermal contact, which is covered with the material of the adsorbent Ads.
  • Adsorbent Ads is, provides the cooling during rapid charging and ensures the preheating of the battery cells in cold outside temperatures.
  • the additional heat transfer circuit provides a continuous cooling when the
  • Vehicle is in operation or if excess condensate adsorbed in the adsorbent and the released heat must be dissipated.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of such a battery pack 7, which forms the battery assembly Ba in the example shown here.
  • the battery pack consists of a series of battery cells 1. Flow channels run between the battery cells. These are alternating with either one
  • the battery pack in its entirety of battery cells and Sorptionsströmungskanälen is an integrated adsorber battery unit whose heat dissipation and heat absorption is controlled as a whole by the flow through the heat flow channels. With this integrated arrangement, the net heat balance of the adsorber and the battery arrangement as a whole can be regulated and monitored particularly effectively.
  • the battery arrangement according to FIG. 4 can be constructed so that the entire surface of each individual battery cell is in thermal contact with a cooling fluid from the additional heat transfer medium circuit Z, which arrangement in turn is in total contact with an adsorbent material.
  • the battery cells are in contact with an adsorbent material which in turn is in contact with a cooling fluid.
  • a solid thin layer, e.g. B. aluminum foil separates the range of cooling fluids from the adsorbent volume.
  • FIG. 4 Shown in FIG. 4 is a battery cell 1 in cylindrical form, which is surrounded concentrically by an inner flow channel 8.
  • the inner flow channel 8 in turn is surrounded by an outer flow channel 9.
  • These in turn are separated by a good heat-conducting partition 10 from each other, but stand in thermal contact with each other.
  • One of the two flow channels is filled with the adsorbent Ads and in this adsorption and desorption are performed cyclically, the other is flowed through by the fluid of the fluid circuit and serves, for example, the removal of excess
  • This arrangement can also be applied alternately at least in sections, as the lower example in FIG. 4 illustrates.
  • Fig. 4a shows the arrangement in a perspective view.
  • Battery cell 1 and the flow channels 8 and 9 form a concentric and cylindrical structure. In this, a dynamic thermal equilibrium between the battery cell and the flow channels 8 and 9 can be realized within the overall arrangement.
  • the battery cell 1 is characterized tempered by the flow channel 8 and the flow channel 9 in their properties as part of the adsorber or the fluid circuit
  • FIG. 5 shows a construction of a battery cell 1 with surrounding adsorbent ads as part of the adsorber of the adsorption heat pump and heat transfer plates 11 on their end faces in two variants.
  • the heat transfer plates form
  • the battery and the adsorber package may also be constructed so that the side surface of the battery cells is in contact with sorbent material and the top and bottom - or only the top or bottom - with the
  • Coolant of the additional heat carrier circuit are in contact.
  • the heat dissipation during fast charging is usually due to desorption of the
  • Adsorbent material achieved.
  • the heat dissipation during continuous operation or during the adsorption of excess condensate is usually achieved by heat transfer to the cooling liquid.
  • the preheating of the battery is achieved by the adsorption of the working fluid present as condensate.
  • the heat transfer plates 11 have in their interior flow channels 12, which are flowed through by the fluid of the additional heat transfer circuit.
  • Another option for achieving flexibility in the conditioning of the battery system with the adsorption heat pump system without the need for a second fluid system or a heat pipe structure is to use the same system for both heat transfer by adsorption and adsorption, i. in storage operation with the operation as adsorption heat pump, as well as heat transfer by circulation of the refrigerant without a
  • Liquid phase is released. This can be removed by the circulation of the liquid adsorptive.
  • the adsorptive thus acts exclusively as a heat transfer medium.
  • Such a system makes it possible both to circulate a fluid within the adsorber and to regenerate a dry adsorber, i. to re-feed with working medium. This provides both continuous cooling and cooling during fast charging.
  • the point can be selected in advance, from which the heat transfer by forced convection in the heat transfer by desorption / condensation passes and is replaced. This can be at high Lade- Ieisteptept, as well as high discharge capacity, eg. B. at high
  • the system can be determined by supplying and discharging the liquid adsorbate by means of a pump, whether the system is in the forced convection mode and thus the heat cycle or in the desorption / condensation mode and thus the adsorption heat pump.
  • a pump supplying and discharging the liquid adsorbate by means of a pump, whether the system is in the forced convection mode and thus the heat cycle or in the desorption / condensation mode and thus the adsorption heat pump.
  • the adsorption / desorption ie between the operation as a heat carrier circuit and the operation as adsorption heat pump
  • FIGS. 6, 6a to 6c show the corresponding operating states on the basis of exemplary block diagrams. Shown in FIG. 6 are a series of
  • Phase converter Ph are driven. It is further provided a reservoir V for the working medium and a pump P3, which can be switched by a control unit S. Via a pump P2, a circuit between the adsorber Ad, the phase converter and the pump P2 can be realized. A temperature sensor T and a loading sensor L register the temperature and the fluid loading of the adsorber unit and the battery cells and output these values to the control unit S.
  • the battery assembly Ba consists of individual battery cells 1, between which the Adsorberiki Ad are arranged with the adsorbent. Via a valve VI is the adsorber with a
  • Phase converter Ph connected. Furthermore, a pump P2 is provided. These are located in a branch that leads from the phase converter back to the adsorber Ad. The over the pump P2 leading branch is then activated when the arrangement acts as a heat carrier circuit.
  • valve VI During a rapid charging process of the battery, the valve VI is opened. However, the pump P2 is inactive. The working medium is desorbed by the heat output of the battery cells 1 from the adsorber Ad and enters the
  • Phase converter Ph where it condenses and releases the heat Q as described previously in the environment or external components. After completion of the rapid charge process, the working fluid is in the phase converter Ph as condensate.
  • the battery assembly is electrically charged and ready for operation. During the continuous operation of the vehicle, and thus during the discharge, it constantly gives off heat and has to
  • phase converter is now charged as shown in Fig. 6b from a working medium supply V with working fluid in excess.
  • the pump P2 drives the excess added working fluid into the adsorber Ad within the
  • the preheating of the battery assembly at low temperatures is illustrated in Fig. 6c.
  • the adsorber Ad is practically free of the working medium.
  • the phase converter Ph contains a supply of liquid working medium. Now the valve VI is opened. The liquid working medium evaporates and is adsorbed on the adsorbent of the adsorber Ad. The thereby released
  • Adsorption heat is dissipated to the battery and warms it up.
  • the adsorbent consists in particular of highly capillary materials such as zeolites.
  • the working medium diffuses into the part coated with the adsorbent. This part fulfills the role of desorption of the working medium Evaporative cooler during battery cooling. When adsorbing the working medium, this acts as a heater for warming up the battery.
  • FIG. 1 Another possible construction of the system is shown in FIG. 1
  • 7 to 13 means: 13 coolant pump, 14 battery with adsorber, 15 coolant piping, 16 recooler, 17 phase changer, 18 heaters, 19 condensate valve and line, 20 condensate pump, 21 steam valve and line.
  • the steam valve 21 is needed only for heat storage in adsorptive operation.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an operating mode of continuous battery cooling over the additional heat transfer circuit. This mode of operation is carried out as follows:
  • the working medium which serves as a system refrigerant of the adsorption heat pump, for example water, is supplied by the phase changers 17 through the
  • Condensate line and the condensate valve 19 pumped into the adsorber volume of the battery with the adsorber 14 by means of the condensate pump 20.
  • the sorbent material is wet and the heat generated by the electrical losses in the battery cells vaporizes the liquid refrigerant.
  • the pressure within the adsorber volume is therefore close to the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant at the desired battery temperature.
  • Phase changer which is achieved either via an ambient temperature recooler circuit 16 or via a coupling of the vehicle heat pump (or a compressor-based air conditioning). It is important here that this process is enforced by the condensate pump 20 and not driven by adsorption and desorption. As a result, the adsorbent material plays only the role of a heat spreader in this mode of operation. This process takes place continuously as long as waste heat from the battery is present to drive the evaporation of the refrigerant, with the condensed refrigerant being pumped back into the adsorber.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the operating mode of continuous heating of the battery.
  • the system can be used to heat the battery on cold days thanks to external heat input. In this mode, the system works as follows:
  • Heat from an external heat pump of the vehicle or from an external heater 18 is supplied to the phase changers 17.
  • the heat allows the evaporation of the coolant condensate located in the phase changers 17.
  • the vaporized coolant flows to the adsorber volume of the battery and adsorber 14, where it condenses on contact with the cold surface. The surface heats up when the condensation heat is received. This heat is then transferred by conduction to the battery.
  • the condensed refrigerant flows by gravity to the bottom of Adsorbervolumens and is thanks to the condensate pump 20 via the
  • This cycle can be continued until the desired battery temperature is reached.
  • FIG. 10 Another operating mode is based on a heat storage.
  • a steam valve 21 is shown on the steam line of the system. This valve is present when a thermal energy store is to be used with the system.
  • the heat storage capacity depends on the amount of
  • Sorbent material contained in the adsorber is Sorbent material contained in the adsorber.
  • the loading of the storage system in connection with a cooling process is shown in FIG.
  • the condensate line is by means of the condensate valve 19th closed.
  • the electrical waste heat from the battery during fast charging or other modes of operation is used to reduce the humidity
  • Phase changers where it condenses. This condensation takes place by active cooling of the phase changer via external circuits such as
  • the steam line valve 21 may be closed to completely isolate the adsorber from the phase changers 17.
  • FIG. 11 The discharge of the storage system in conjunction with a warm-up of the battery assembly is shown in FIG. 11.
  • the adsorber Before the heat energy is delivered to the adsorber, the adsorber is cold and both the condensate and the steam lines are in closed states, i. the adsorber 14 and the phase changer 17 are completely isolated from each other.
  • the release of heat energy takes place when the steam line is opened.
  • the opening of the valve 21 reduces the pressure in the phase converter and the refrigerant condensate begins to evaporate, flows to the adsorber and is adsorbed by the adsorbent material.
  • the adsorption of the refrigerant releases heat energy, which is transmitted via line to the battery.
  • the evaporation taking place cools down the phase changers.
  • the heat of vaporization must be supplied to the phase transducers. This heat of vaporization can be supplied at ambient temperature via the recooler circuit to the temperature of the
  • the refrigerant such as water
  • the refrigerant can be a safe and environmentally friendly substance.
  • Most of the refrigerant present in the adsorber volume is vaporous, which is non-conductive in the case of water and has better dielectric strength than air.
  • At the bottom of the adsorber only small amounts of liquid refrigerant can collect.
  • FIG. 12 in the event of a system failure, the Liquid volume due to the increased system pressure automatically leave the adsorber. As a result, the system is intrinsically safe and that
  • Adsorbent material can be placed near the battery cells without compromising vehicle safety.
  • the heat pipe system described here can be extended to applications where small electronic components are cooled for high density and space constrained cooling requirements.
  • the heat pipe system described here can be extended to applications where small electronic components are cooled for high density and space constrained cooling requirements.
  • the heat pipe system described here can be extended to applications where small electronic components are cooled for high density and space constrained cooling requirements.
  • Heat conduction through the material with a layer of sorbent material can amount to more than 10 kW / m 2 K, which is a big improvement compared to a
  • Cooling system based on coolant circulation represents.
  • Circuits can be used in a conventional manner to dissipate the heat to the environment. This is shown in FIG. In Fig. 13 mean: 22 coolant pump, 23 cooled chip with adsorber, 24 coolant piping, 25 recooler, 26 phase changer, 27 condensate valve and line, 28
  • the main advantages of an adsorption based heat pipe system are an extremely high heat conduction, a uniform heat removal and supply, a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de réguler la température d'une batterie, formée d'au moins un élément de batterie, au moyen d'une pompe à chaleur à adsorption à fonctionnement cyclique comprenant un adsorbeur et un convertisseur de phase avec un milieu de travail circulant entre l'adsorbeur et le convertisseur de phase. L'au moins un élément de batterie est en contact thermique avec un adsorbant de l'adsorbeur et l'élément de batterie est régulée en température en ce que la batterie absorbe de la chaleur d'adsorption et dégage de la chaleur de désorption. La chaleur dégagée dans le convertisseur de phase pendant un processus de condensation du milieu de travail et la chaleur absorbée pendant le processus d'évaporation du milieu de travail est évacuée dans l'environnement et amenée de celui-ci. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que la batterie et l'adsorbeur sont mis en contact thermique si besoin est, par le biais d'un circuit de fluide supplémentaire, avec un fluide caloporteur mis en circulation dans le circuit de fluide supplémentaire. Le fluide caloporteur est mis en contact thermique avec des sources de chaleur externes et/ou des dissipateurs de chaleur. De l'énergie thermique provenant de sources de chaleur externes est amenée si besoin est à la batterie est alimentée par le circuit de fluide supplémentaire ou de l'énergie thermique est retirée de la batterie par le biais du circuit de fluide supplémentaire et dissipée vers des sources de chaleur externes.
EP18812111.5A 2017-11-28 2018-11-27 Procédé de régulation de température d'une batterie et batterie régulée en température Withdrawn EP3718163A1 (fr)

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DE102017128152 2017-11-28
DE102018109127 2018-04-17
PCT/EP2018/082641 WO2019105909A1 (fr) 2017-11-28 2018-11-27 Procédé de régulation de température d'une batterie et batterie régulée en température

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JP6757613B2 (ja) * 2016-07-27 2020-09-23 古河電気工業株式会社 蓄熱システム、蓄熱容器、蓄熱容器を用いた蓄熱装置、及び蓄熱装置を用いた暖気装置
US11394063B2 (en) * 2019-02-25 2022-07-19 Hyundai Motor Company Cooling system for temperature regulation and control method thereof
CN111613850B (zh) * 2020-04-13 2023-05-09 扬州金快乐电源有限公司 一种可调节高效散热蓄电池
US11577572B2 (en) * 2021-06-25 2023-02-14 DRiV Automotive Inc. Methods and systems for using waste energy from electric motors and inverters in electric vehicle air suspension systems
CN115127254B (zh) * 2022-08-31 2022-12-09 河北工业大学 一种基于储能电站的电池热管理余热回收供冷供热系统

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JP4329771B2 (ja) * 2006-02-27 2009-09-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 冷却装置
JP5182546B2 (ja) * 2007-06-05 2013-04-17 株式会社デンソー 電池温度調節装置
JP2009054404A (ja) * 2007-08-27 2009-03-12 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
CN101478055A (zh) * 2009-01-16 2009-07-08 中山大学 一种用于燃料电池的热管理装置
JP4692643B2 (ja) * 2009-01-26 2011-06-01 株式会社豊田中央研究所 二次電池システム及び二次電池システムを備える車両
GB0919934D0 (en) * 2009-11-16 2009-12-30 Sunamp Ltd Energy storage systems
JP5437889B2 (ja) * 2010-04-06 2014-03-12 株式会社豊田中央研究所 電池の冷却装置および電池の温調装置
JP5437906B2 (ja) * 2010-05-14 2014-03-12 株式会社豊田中央研究所 電池の加温装置
JP6015137B2 (ja) * 2012-05-31 2016-10-26 アイシン精機株式会社 吸収式ヒートポンプ装置
DE102015206271A1 (de) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Mahle International Gmbh Adsorptionswärmepumpe
DE102016106234B4 (de) * 2016-04-06 2022-03-03 Fahrenheit Gmbh Adsorptionswärmepumpe und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Adsorptionswärmepumpe

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US20200287255A1 (en) 2020-09-10
KR20200092364A (ko) 2020-08-03
WO2019105909A1 (fr) 2019-06-06
CN111406343A (zh) 2020-07-10
JP2021504928A (ja) 2021-02-15

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