WO2017162237A1 - Dispositif de chauffage ainsi que procédé de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage ainsi que procédé de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017162237A1
WO2017162237A1 PCT/DE2017/100219 DE2017100219W WO2017162237A1 WO 2017162237 A1 WO2017162237 A1 WO 2017162237A1 DE 2017100219 W DE2017100219 W DE 2017100219W WO 2017162237 A1 WO2017162237 A1 WO 2017162237A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working medium
heat
evaporator
heating device
capillary structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2017/100219
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Düpmeier
Benjamin Reul
Sven Przybylski
Maximilian Beye
Michael Padberg
Original Assignee
Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh filed Critical Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh
Publication of WO2017162237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017162237A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0091—Radiators
    • F28D2021/0096—Radiators for space heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device for a motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 1 and a method for heating a motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 14.
  • EP 2 407 328 A1 discloses a heating device for a motor vehicle, in which a liquid working medium, such as water, is heated in a heating circuit and circulated by means of a pump. The heating takes place by means of an electrical heating element which is arranged in the circuit.
  • the disadvantage of this design is initially the sluggish response of the system. It takes a relatively long time to heat the water volume in such a way to initiate a continuous, high heat transfer. This means that it takes a relatively long time to reach the desired temperature at the destination.
  • the space requirement due to the plurality of individual components is relatively large. If you want to connect the heat exchanger, heater, pump and possibly a surge tank with each other, at least four lines for the working fluid necessary.
  • the lines for the working medium must be sufficiently large dimensions, since too small a surface-volume ratio, the heat loss to the lines by heat conduction and heat radiation is too large. Furthermore, the temperature window within which the liquid working medium can be heated, limited at the top by the boiling temperature of the working medium.
  • DE 10 201 1 103 1 10 A1 discloses a heating device for a motor vehicle with at least one heat exchanger for heating a passenger compartment or a vehicle component, at least one evaporator, in which a working fluid can be vaporized by supplying heat by a heat source and a connecting the heat exchanger and the evaporator Heat-conducting element, wherein the heat-conducting element comprises an outgoing line and a return line for transporting the working medium.
  • the heat source is an exhaust pipe that is heated by the hot exhaust gases. This heat is absorbed by an evaporator, whereby a liquid working medium is converted into a gaseous state. This stored in the steam latent heat can then be used for example for heating a passenger compartment.
  • the exhaust gas is at least at the start of driving, however, also much lower temperature.
  • the device according to DE 10 201 1 103 1 10 A1 for heating other vehicle components, such as oil reservoir, is used.
  • the invention relates to a heating device for a motor vehicle with at least one heat exchanger for heating a passenger compartment or a vehicle component, at least one evaporator, in which a working fluid can be evaporated by supplying heat through a heat source and a heat conduction element connecting the heat exchanger and the evaporator.
  • the heat-conducting element comprises an outgoing line and a return line for transporting the working medium and is characterized in that on the outside of a first wall of a housing of the evaporator, an electric heater is arranged as a heat source.
  • the working medium is first transferred here in an evaporator in a gaseous state.
  • the heat is supplied to the working medium directly and locally and stored in the form of latent heat in the steam and released again in the heat exchanger.
  • the transport of the gaseous working medium and thus the heat stored in the heat exchanger is carried out at high speed. This allows a very fast response of the system, so that at the target locations in the vehicle, where the heat exchanger is mounted, the expected target temperature is reached very quickly.
  • the destinations can be both a passenger compartment and a vehicle component. In the latter, the possibilities are varied and range from the vehicle battery via containers for liquids to be heated, such as gear oils, to cold-sensitive electronic devices.
  • a working medium for example, water or alcohols come into question. Methanol or ethanol have proven to be particularly suitable. The selection of the working medium depends on the intended temperature window during operation, to which the boiling temperature of the working medium is adjusted.
  • the heating device according to the invention is a closed system with a closed circuit for the working medium, so that no regular maintenance of the system due to contamination or fluid loss is necessary.
  • the forward line is used to transport a gaseous portion of the working medium from the evaporator to the heat exchanger and the return line serves to transport a liquid portion of the working medium from the heat exchanger to the evaporator.
  • the working medium is converted into a gaseous state in the evaporator and this steam is transported via the forward line to the heat exchanger.
  • the gaseous working fluid is condensed with the release of heat and returned in the liquid state via the return line back to the evaporator.
  • the full stored in the gaseous working fluid latent heat in the heat exchanger is released. Due to the separate lines, the gaseous and liquid fractions of the working medium are transported spatially separated from each other, so that no heat loss caused by cooling of the gas to the liquid. This additionally improves the efficiency of the heater.
  • the evaporator preferably comprises a capillary structure, which is arranged between the forward line and the return line.
  • the capillary structure is a porous, preferably metallic, material, which is preferably produced in a sintering process.
  • the capillary structure consists of a microscopic system of caverns and channels and preferably has a porosity between 40% and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55%, particularly preferably between 48% and 52%.
  • the capillary structure is always saturated when starting the heater and during operation with liquid working fluid.
  • the heat is preferably introduced into the evaporator on the upstream side of the capillary structure.
  • the liquid working medium evaporates and flows in the direction of the forward line.
  • the working medium is liquid.
  • the two sides of the capillary structure are sealed against each other, so that gaseous and liquid portion of the working medium can not mix with each other.
  • the two separate sides of the capillary structure are called the vapor side and the liquid side of the evaporator.
  • On the steam side of the evaporator prevails by the presence of the working medium as a gas and due to the higher temperature, a higher pressure than on the liquid side.
  • the capillary structure is arranged in a housing, wherein the housing between the return line of the capillary structure has a cavity for receiving the back-transported working medium.
  • the capillary structure should be saturated with liquid working medium at any time during the operation of the heating device. If this is not the case and dries out the capillary structure, the working fluid is not effectively evaporated and the efficiency of the heater is lower.
  • the entire surface of the capillary structure on the liquid side must be wetted with liquid working medium. This is achieved by a cavity which is formed in the housing between the capillary structure and the housing wall on the liquid side. In this cavity, the liquid transported back from the heat exchanger collects, so that always a sufficient wetting of the capillary structure is ensured.
  • the electric heater is preferably brought into full-surface contact with the first wall of the housing. This can be done via a surface pressure, but also by a cohesive connection. As a result, the electrically generated heat is introduced directly into the evaporator and allows immediate evaporation of the working medium. This in turn increases the response and efficiency of the system.
  • An electric heater makes the heater in its operation independent of other possible heat sources, such as the exhaust line.
  • an electric heater is advantageous.
  • a continuous and controllable heat supply is possible.
  • both the electric heater and the exhaust gas line are then arranged on the outside of a first wall of the housing.
  • a further application is the vehicle battery in particular in an electrically powered vehicle. If, for example, a battery is charged when the motor vehicle is stationary and a temperature control of the battery is necessary, a heating device according to the invention with an electric heater can also be used for this purpose.
  • the capillary structure is arranged on the inside of the first wall of the housing. This further optimizes the heat input into the capillary structure and makes the evaporation of the working medium even more effective. At the same time by this arrangement in a simple manner, the above-described cavity between the capillary structure and the housing wall produced and the vapor and liquid side of the evaporator are very easy to separate from each other by a seal on the liquid side of the capillary structure.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention provides that the capillary structure has, on its surface lying against the first wall, in its longitudinal and / or transverse direction integrally and material-uniform, formed steam grooves. These steam grooves are therefore on the steam side of the capillary structure and serve to quickly divert the gaseous working fluid to the outgoing line.
  • a Dampfsammeiraum be provided immediately before the forward line into which the steam grooves open. This will make the evaporation of the working fluid more effective.
  • the capillary structure can be made simpler.
  • the spacers may be formed, for example, as webs or beads of the housing wall. Alternatively, it can also be provided pins, which may be integrally formed from the wall or positively and / or non-positively and / or materially connected to the wall.
  • Another particular embodiment of the invention provides that a compensation volume for the working medium is provided.
  • the total volume must be such that at any point in time, the system is only loaded by the vapor pressure and not by hydrostatic pressure, even if the entire working medium has gone into the gaseous state. Otherwise, there is a risk of bursting the system.
  • the compensation volume for the working medium is provided in or directly on the housing. This compact design further optimizes the required installation space.
  • the compensation volume is designed as a protuberance of a second wall of the housing. This also allows a space-optimized design of the evaporator, since the compensation volume can be formed almost arbitrarily and adapted to the available space.
  • a one-piece design of the compensation volume in the housing wall also allows an ideal tightness of the compensation volume.
  • the protuberance for the compensating volume is preferably formed opposite the capillary structure on the second wall of the housing and forms a roof-like structure.
  • This design allows vapor which has formed undesirably on the liquid side of the evaporator to collect there at the highest point of the protuberance, thereby preventing the vapor from collecting in the vicinity of the capillary structure and allowing for under-saturation of the capillary structure.
  • the vapor collected in the protuberance may also be directed to the outgoing conduit via a separate conduit.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that on the first wall of the housing flanges are formed, which surround the heat source at least partially. This embodiment improves the utilization of the heat source and thus the heat input into the evaporator.
  • the flanges may be, for example, molded into the wall beads or Finns the are integrally formed from the wall or are integrally connected to the wall.
  • two evaporators are preferably arranged symmetrically on a heat source and are connected in each case via a heat conduction element with one or each with a heat exchanger.
  • the flanges of the housing of the two evaporators are formed so that the heat source is completely encompassed.
  • This arrangement can basically be extended as desired.
  • an elongated heat source such as an exhaust line or a correspondingly designed electrical heater
  • a plurality of evaporators can be arranged one behind the other and a plurality of destinations in the vehicle can be supplied with heat.
  • the invention relates to a method for heating a passenger compartment or a vehicle component of a motor vehicle, wherein a working fluid is transferred under heat by a designed as an electric heater heat source in an evaporator in a gaseous state and passed through a heat conducting element to a heat exchanger, where the gaseous working fluid condensed with the release of heat.
  • the gaseous working medium is via an outgoing line from the evaporator to the Heat exchanger is passed and the condensed working medium is passed via a return line from the heat exchanger to the evaporator.
  • An advantage of this method is in particular the direct heat input into the working medium and the local storage in the form of latent heat.
  • the stored heat is thus very quickly transported to the heat exchangers and a passenger compartment or a vehicle component can be brought very quickly to the desired target temperature.
  • the system thus has a faster response than merely heating a working medium which remains in its present state of aggregation. Further aspects and advantages of the method have already been explained above in connection with the heating device.
  • the condensed working medium is conducted by capillary forces from a liquid side of the evaporator through a capillary structure arranged between the outfeed line and the return line to a vapor side of the evaporator.
  • the working medium is evaporated at a temperature between 50 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 60 ° C and 130 ° C, more preferably between 70 ° C and 1 10 ° C.
  • the temperature window provided in the respective application depends on the desired target temperature at the heat exchanger and the working medium used.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a known from the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating device according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of an evaporator
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of an evaporator with a
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment with two evaporators
  • the heating device consists of a resistance heating element 1 1, in which the water contained in the circulation of the heating device 10 is heated. Via a first line 12, the water passes into a heat exchanger 13, where the water is cooled and the heat released at their intended location, such as the passenger compartment, is discharged. The cooled water is passed via a second line 14 through a surge tank 15, which in turn is connected via a third line 16 to a pump 17. From the pump 17, the water is passed through a fourth line 18 back into the resistance heating element 1 1 and the cycle begins again.
  • the resistance heating element 11 may, for example, be a so-called PTC heater which heats the water with a power of up to a few kilowatts, for example 5 kilowatts.
  • the pump 17, which is mandatory in this heater 10 is essential to keep the water cycle running.
  • heat absorption and heat transport lead to a relatively slow response of the system.
  • this heater 10 is also very space-consuming, which is in addition to the individual components on the four lines 12, 14, 16, 18. If these are designed too thin, the heat loss through the pipe walls is too high because of the large surface-to-volume ratio. A minimum volume for these lines 12, 14, 16, 18 is therefore essential. In addition to the claimed total volume, this is also associated with a lower flexibility in the wiring.
  • a heating device 20 for a motor vehicle is shown in FIG. 2. It has a heat exchanger 21 for heating a passenger compartment or a vehicle component (each not shown in greater detail).
  • the vehicle component is a component of the motor vehicle that is to be heated permanently or in certain situations. Examples include the battery or a container for transmission oil.
  • the heating device has an evaporator 22, in which a working medium 31 is heatable by supplying heat by a heat source 25.
  • a heat conduction element is present, which comprises an outgoing line 23 and a return line 24 for transporting the working medium 31.
  • the heat source 25 is designed as an electric heater, which is powered by a voltage source 19 with power.
  • a complete liquid volume need not be heated, a working medium 31 is vaporized and the heat introduced is stored in the form of latent heat in the gaseous working medium 31.
  • the working medium 31 may be, for example, water, but also alcohols such as methanol or ethanol.
  • the used Working medium 31 depends largely on the temperature window at which the heat exchanger is to be operated. Adapted to this is namely to choose the evaporation point of the working medium.
  • the vaporized working fluid 31 is guided via the forward line 23 to the heat exchanger 21. There, the steam is condensed and releases the heat that is supplied to the destination.
  • the liquid working medium 31 is transported via the return line 24 back to the evaporator 22. Since the heat transfer takes place in the form of latent heat, the heat loss through the walls of the lead 23 is much lower than in the described prior art.
  • the lines 23, 24 can be made thinner, which makes them smaller volume, lighter and more flexible. There are also only two lines 23, 24 necessary, which makes the heater 20 more compact overall.
  • the system can be designed with regard to the required amount of the working medium 31. It is to be considered, which volume has the entire evaporated working medium 31. At no time, however, is the heater 20 completely filled with liquid working medium 31. Although this eliminates the need for a large volume, separate expansion tank 15. Although a smaller compensating volume 37 is necessary, it can be arranged without problems in the immediate vicinity of the evaporator 22 or can be formed in the latter itself. So also a high compactness in the construction is made possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible embodiment of the evaporator 22 in more detail.
  • a capillary structure 28 is arranged between the forward line 35 and the return line 34. This consists of a porous material, the Porosity between 40% and 60%, preferably between 45% and 55%, particularly preferably between 48% and 52%. It is a sintered metallic material, such as copper.
  • the capillary structure 28 is housed in a housing 26, in which the return line 34 into and out the forward line 35 leads.
  • the capillary structure 28 is arranged on an inner side of a first wall 27 of the housing 26.
  • the first wall 27 simultaneously forms a cover of the housing 26.
  • a heat source 25 is arranged on the opposite outer side of the first wall 27 .
  • a cavity 36 is formed between the capillary structure 28 and a second wall 30 of the housing 26, a cavity 36 is formed.
  • the liquid working medium 31 can collect, so that (referred to the illustration in Figure 3), the top of the capillary 28, also called the liquid side, is always wetted and the capillary 28 itself saturated with liquid working medium 31.
  • seals 32 the liquid side of the capillary 28 is sealed from the opposite so-called steam side.
  • the heat source 25 heats the working medium 31, which is located on the steam side in the capillary structure 28 and vaporizes this.
  • the vapor collects in vapor grooves 29, which are formed in the capillary structure 28 at its abutting the first wall 27 surface, so the steam side, in one piece and of uniform material.
  • the working medium 31 When the working medium 31 is heated, it is evaporated at a temperature between 50 ° C. and 200 ° C., preferably between 60 ° C. and 130 ° C., particularly preferably between 70 ° C. and 110 ° C.
  • the vapor volume is usually larger than the liquid volume of the working medium 31. This is to be considered in the design of the overall system of the heater 20.
  • the largest possible amount of the working medium 31 in the system is desirable in order to ensure a continuous flow to the capillary structure 28 so that it always remains saturated by the liquid working medium 31.
  • the available installation space and the total weight of the system must also be taken into account.
  • the filling of the entire system is kept to a minimum and it is a compensating volume 37 is provided which receives the not in direct circulation working medium 31.
  • Such a compensating volume 37 may be provided as a separate container in the circuit, but also be formed directly from the housing 26 of the evaporator 22, as shown in Figure 4. There, the compensation volume 37 is formed from a second wall 30 of the housing 26. It is formed by inclined walls 38, 39, which are guided in the image plane from the second wall 30 upwards. The compensation volume 37 is completed by a cover surface 40. In principle, it is also possible that gaseous working medium 31 also forms on the liquid side of the capillary structure. This is undesirable and may result in poor saturation of the capillary structure 28 with working fluid 31. In this case, the embodiment of the compensation volume 37 shown here has further advantages.
  • the resulting vapor collects in the region below the top surface 40 and thus as far as possible from the capillary structure 28, whereby complete wetting of the capillary structure 28 with liquid working medium 31 is maintained. It is also possible to connect the compensation volume 37 with an additional line attached to the top surface 40 to the vapor collection chamber 33 or directly to the delivery line 35 in order to directly recirculate the vapor collected under the top surface 40.
  • two evaporators 41, 44 may be arranged symmetrically on the heat source 25, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the first evaporator 41 and the second evaporator 44 each have two flanges 47, 48, 49, 50 which are attached to the housings of the evaporators 41, 44. These flanges 47, 48, 49, 50 completely surround the heat sources 25. Thus, the entire circumferentially radiated heat of the heat source 25 can be recorded and fed to the working medium 31.
  • the evaporators 41, 44 each have an outgoing line 43, 46 and a return line 42, 45 through which the gaseous working medium 31 is transported away in the flow direction B, B 'and the liquid working medium 31 is returned in the flow direction A, A'.
  • first forward line 43 and the second forward line 46 can each lead to different receivers for the transported heat, but it is also possible for both forward lines 43, 46 to lead to one and the same heat exchanger.
  • first and second return lines 42, 45 this applies analogously.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage (20) pour un véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un échangeur de chaleur (21) pour le chauffage d'un habitacle ou d'un composant de véhicule, au moins un évaporateur (22, 41, 42), dans lequel un fluide de travail (31) peut être évaporé sous l'effet de l'apport de chaleur provenant d'une source de chaleur (25), et un élément de conduction de la chaleur reliant l'échangeur de chaleur (21) et l'évaporateur (22, 41, 42). L'élément de conduction de la chaleur comporte une conduite d'amenée (23, 35, 43, 46) et une conduite de retour (24, 34, 42, 45) pour le transport du fluide de travail (31). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de chauffage d'un habitacle ou d'un composant d'un véhicule automobile, un fluide de travail (31) étant transféré à un état gazeux sous l'effet d'un apport de chaleur provenant d'une source de chaleur (25) dans un évaporateur (22, 41, 42) et étant guidé par le biais d'un élément de conduction de la chaleur jusqu'à un échangeur de chaleur (21) où le fluide de travail (31) gazeux se condense en émettant de la chaleur. Le fluide de travail (31) gazeux est guidé par le biais d'une conduite d'amenée (23, 35, 43, 46) de l'évaporateur (22, 41, 42) à l'échangeur de chaleur (21) et le fluide de travail (31) condensé est guidé par le biais d'une conduite de retour (24, 34, 42, 45) de l'échangeur de chaleur (21) à l'évaporateur (22, 41, 42).
PCT/DE2017/100219 2016-03-24 2017-03-20 Dispositif de chauffage ainsi que procédé de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile WO2017162237A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016105592.1A DE102016105592A1 (de) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Heizvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Beheizung eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE102016105592.1 2016-03-24

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WO2019115255A1 (fr) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-20 Webasto SE Échangeur de chaleur à plaques

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DE102022105719A1 (de) 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kühlkreislauf für ein Kraftfahrzeug

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WO1997000416A1 (fr) * 1995-06-14 1997-01-03 S.A.B.C.A. Boucle a pompage capillaire de transport de chaleur
US6415620B1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-07-09 Houshang K. Ferdows Dual loop vehicle air conditioning system
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