EP3717452A1 - Procédé de préparation de dérivés d'amphétamine acylés - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation de dérivés d'amphétamine acylésInfo
- Publication number
- EP3717452A1 EP3717452A1 EP18883053.3A EP18883053A EP3717452A1 EP 3717452 A1 EP3717452 A1 EP 3717452A1 EP 18883053 A EP18883053 A EP 18883053A EP 3717452 A1 EP3717452 A1 EP 3717452A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- amphetamine
- iii
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical class C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 alkyl tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- VHKVKWTWHZUFIA-DGOKBZBKSA-N (2s)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine;(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O VHKVKWTWHZUFIA-DGOKBZBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZHVLGOLHHYJSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropan-2-amine;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZHVLGOLHHYJSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SEVKYLYIYIKRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropan-2-ylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SEVKYLYIYIKRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OJNSNSZTGUACNI-IBFUIWIBSA-N N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OJNSNSZTGUACNI-IBFUIWIBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940052327 amphetamine aspartate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940002345 amphetamine saccharate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940008238 amphetamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PYHRZPFZZDCOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N amphetamine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PYHRZPFZZDCOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005928 isopropyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(OC(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- CETWSOHVEGTIBR-FORAGAHYSA-N (2s)-2,6-diamino-n-[(2s)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide;methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.CS(O)(=O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CETWSOHVEGTIBR-FORAGAHYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229960000632 dexamfetamine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- VOBHXZCDAVEXEY-JSGCOSHPSA-N lisdexamfetamine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VOBHXZCDAVEXEY-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229960001451 lisdexamfetamine Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010935 polish filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- SDTORDSXCYSNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxymethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1COCC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 SDTORDSXCYSNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005189 alkyl hydroxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014679 binge eating disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035231 inattentive type attention deficit hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOC NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KHIBJQODXRPUJC-YIDNRZKSSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;(2s)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O KHIBJQODXRPUJC-YIDNRZKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one Chemical group CC(C)(C)[C]=O YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIUUAKHKOQFCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyloxolane Chemical compound CCC1CCOC1 AIUUAKHKOQFCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDXQWYKOKYUQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical group OC1CC(=O)NC1=O JDXQWYKOKYUQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical group ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/10—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from compounds not provided for in groups C07C231/02 - C07C231/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/22—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C231/24—Separation; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/06—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups by reactions not involving the formation of carbamate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/08—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to processes for preparing acetylated amphetamine derivatives and, in particular, processes for preparing L-lysine- D-amphetamine dimesylate.
- L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate also called lisdexamphetamine dimesylate
- ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ADD attention deficit disorder
- BED moderate to severe binge eating disorder
- CNS central nervous system
- the D-amphetamine is liberated from lisdexamphetamine enzymatically following contact with red blood cells.
- the conversion is rate-limited by the enzyme, which prevents high blood concentrations of D-amphetamine and reduces the abuse potential of lisdexamphetamine at clinical doses.
- One aspect of the present disclosure encompasses a one-pot process for preparing a compound of Formula (IV), which is an acylated amphetamine derivative.
- the process comprises (a) forming a reaction mixture comprising a solvent and a compound of Formula (I), the solvent being an alkyl tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding a compound of Formula (II) to the reaction mixture, thereby forming an intermediate compound of Formula (III); (c) phase extracting the reaction mixture after step (b) with one or more aqueous solutions to remove the compounds of Formulas (I) and (II) and reaction by-products, thereby forming a purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III); and (d) contacting the purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III) with an acid to form the compound of Formula (IV).
- the compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) having the following structures:
- R is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl
- LG is a leaving group
- PG is a protecting group
- A is an anion
- Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a one-pot process for preparing L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate.
- the process comprises (a) converting a D-amphetamine salt to D-amphetamine; (b) adding D-amphetamine to a reaction mixture comprising 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran and L/,/V -di-Boc-L-lysine hydroxysuccinimide ester to form an intermediate compound, the intermediate compound being L/,/V -di-Boc-L-lysine-D-amphetamine; (c) phase extracting the reaction mixture after step (b) with one or more aqueous solutions to remove starting reactants and reaction by-products, thereby forming a purified mixture comprising the
- the present disclosure provides a simplified one-pot process to prepare crude L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate (lisdexamphetamine dimesylate) from D-amphetamine salts.
- the protected intermediate formed during the synthesis process is purified by a series of extractions (thus, eliminating the need for expensive, industrial chromatography and isolation of a problematic intermediate), dried by azeotropic distillation. No isolation is carried out until a crude lisdexamphetamine dimesylate is obtained.
- the crude lisdexamphetamine dimesylate is further purified by recrystallization, which includes a polishing filtration to remove any insoluble material. Cooling and isolation leads to very pure material.
- the process described herein has industrial applicability, with further improvements to yield (e.g., minimal isolations) and safety (e.g., elimination of toxic solvents such as 1 ,4-dioxane).
- One aspect of the present disclosure provides a one-pot process for preparing an acylated amphetamine derivative having Formula (IV).
- the process comprises (a) forming a reaction mixture comprising a solvent and a compound of Formula (I), the solvent being an alkyl tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding a compound of Formula (II) to the reaction mixture, thereby forming an intermediate compound of Formula (III); (c) phase extracting the reaction mixture after step (b) with one or more aqueous solutions to remove the compounds of Formulas (I) and (II) and reaction by- products, thereby forming a purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III); and (d) contacting the purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III) with an acid to form the compound of Formula (IV), as shown in the reaction scheme below.
- R is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; LG is a leaving group;
- PG is a protecting group; and A is an anion.
- the first step of the process comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a solvent.
- the compound of Formula (I) comprises a carbonyl group, a leaving group (LG), an R group, and an amino group.
- the amino group is protected with a protecting group (PG).
- suitable amino protecting groups include tert- butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), triphenylmethyl (trityl), dimethyl- 3, 5-dimetheoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddz), 2-(4-biphenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl (Bpoc), 2- nitropheylsulfenyl (Nps), 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (Cl-Z), or 4-methyltrityl (Mtt).
- the protecting group may be tert- butyloxycarbonyl.
- R in the compound of Formula (I) may be alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkylamino, substitute alkyamino, alkylhydroxy, substituted alkylhydroxy, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, alkylaryl, or substituted alkyl aryl.
- R may be an amino acid side chain.
- R may be -(CH 2 ) 4 -NH 2 , -(CH 2 ) 3 -NH-C(NH)-NH 2 , -(CH 2 ) 4 -NH-C(NH)-NH 2 - CH 2 -C(0)-NH 2 , -(CH 2 ) 2 -C(0)-NH 2 , -CH 2 -SH, -CH 2 -OH, CH(OH)-CH 3 ,-CH 2 -Ph-OH, - CH2-C(0)-OH, or -(CH 2 ) 2 -C(0)-0H.
- R may be -(CH 2 ) 4 - NH 2.
- R is an amino acid side chain
- the terminal group of the side chain may be protected with a protecting group.
- suitable amino protecting groups are listed above.
- suitable hydroxy protecting groups include benzoyl, b-methyoxyethoxym ethyl ether (MEM),
- MOM methoxymethyl ether
- PMB p-methoxybenzyl ether
- the compound of Formula (I) also comprises a leaving group that facilitates amide coupling of the compounds of Formulas (I) and (II).
- the leaving group may be /V-hydroxysuccinimidyl.
- the leaving group may be halo, e.g., chloro, fluoro, or bromo.
- the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (la):
- the solvent is a solvent having limited miscibility in water.
- Suitable solvents include alkyl tetrahydrofurans, benzene, n-butanol, butyl acetate, cyclohexane, 1 ,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, di-ethyl ether, heptane, hexane, methyl-t-butyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, pentane, di-iso-propyl ether, toluene, and xylene.
- the solvent may be an alkyl tetrahydrofuran such as 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran or 3-ethyl tetrahydrofuran.
- the solvent may be 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
- the amount of solvent added to the reaction mixture can and will vary.
- the weight ratio of the solvent to the compound of Formula (I) may range from about 2:1 to about 50:1.
- the weight ratio of the solvent to the compound of Formula (I) may range from about 3:1 to about 20:1 , from about 4: 1 to about 20: 1 , from about 5: 1 to about 15:1 , or from about 6: 1 to about 10:1.
- Step (b) of the process comprises adding a compound of Formula (II) to the reaction mixture.
- the compound of Formula (II) a free base of an
- the compound of Formula (II) is D- amphetamine, which is a compound of Formula (I la): (lla).
- the compound of Formula (II) may be prepared from an amphetamine salt.
- suitable amphetamine salts include amphetamine bitartrate, amphetamine sulfate, amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine saccharate, amphetamine hydrochloride, and amphetamine phosphate.
- the amphetamine salt may be amphetamine bitartrate.
- the amphetamine salt may be converted to the free base by contact with a base, followed by extraction with the solvent used in the process.
- Suitable bases include, without limit, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as, e.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the amphetamine salt may be contacted with a hydroxide, followed by several extractions with 2-methyl
- the 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran phases (comprising the compound of Formula (II)) may be combined and added to the reaction mixture formed in step (a).
- the amount of the compound of Formula (II) added to the reaction mixture is about equimolar to the amount of Formula (I) present in the reaction mixture.
- the molar ratio of the compound of Formula (II) to the compound of Formula (I) may range from about 0.8: 1.0 to about 1.2: 1.0, from about 0.9: 1.0 to about 1.1 : 1.0, or from about 0.95:1.00 to about 1.05:1.00.
- reaction between the compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) to form the intermediate compound of Formula (II) proceeds readily at ambient or room temperature. Importantly, the reaction proceeds without the addition of an organic base or an inorganic base.
- the reaction mixture may be stirred and maintained at ambient or room temperature for at least about 45 minutes, at least about 2 hours, at least about 6 hours, at least 12 hours, at least about 16 hours, or at least about 24 hours.
- Step (c) of the process comprises extracting the final reaction mixture with one or more aqueous solutions to remove the compounds of Formulas (I) and (II), remove reaction by-products ( e.g ., the leaving group), and organic or inorganic salts, thereby forming a purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III).
- the intermediate compound of Formula (III) is not isolated from the final reaction mixture after step (b) or the purified mixture following the phase extractions of step (c).
- the phase extractions comprise sequential contact with a water solution, an acid solution having a pH of less than about 3, an alkaline solution having a pH of greater than about 12, and one or more additional water solutions. After each extraction the aqueous phase is removed and discarded. In general, the phase extractions are conducted at ambient or room temperature.
- the final purified mixture comprising the alkyl tetrahydrofuran solvent and the intermediate compound of Formula (III) may be azeotropically dried at reflux until the water content of the mixture is less than about 2%, or less than about 1 % by weight (Karl Fischer).
- the final mixture may be diluted with the same solvent used in step (a).
- the final mixture may be diluted with the solvent until the concentration of the intermediate compound of Formula (III) ranges from about 8% to about 12% by weight.
- the final mixture may be diluted with 2- methyl tetrahydrofuran until the concentration of the intermediate compound of Formula (III) is about 10% by weight.
- Step (d) of the process comprises contacting the purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III) with an acid to form the compound of Formula (IV).
- Contact with the acid removes the protecting group(s) from the intermediate compound of Formula (III) and forms an acid salt of the compound.
- suitable acids include methanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid. In specific embodiments, the acid may be methanesulfonic acid.
- the amount of acid added to the purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound of Formula (III) can and will vary. In general, the molar ratio of the acid to the intermediate compound of Formula (III) may range from about 1 :1 to about 10:1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the acid to the intermediate compound of Formula (III) may range from about 2:1 to about 6:1 , or from about 3:1 to about 4:1.
- Contact with the acid is generally conducted at a temperature ranging from about 40 °C to about 70 °C.
- the temperature may range from about 40 °C to about 50 °C, from about 50 °C to about 60 °C, or from about 60 °C to about 70 °C.
- contact with the acid may be conducted at about 50 °C to about 60 °C.
- the duration of contact with acid at the elevated temperature may proceed for at least about 4 hours, at least about 6 hours, at least about 8 hours, at least about 10 hours, or at least about 12 hours.
- the mixture may than be cooled to ambient or room temperature.
- the compound of Formula (IV) may be isolated from the solvent/acid mixture by filtration, centrifugation, or other suitable means.
- the compound of Formula (IV) may be isolated by filtration.
- the filtration may be accomplished using a Biichner funnel, a filter funnel, or other filter aid.
- the filtration may be gravity filtration or vacuum filtration.
- the filtered product may be washed with the solvent used in the process.
- the final product may be dried at a temperature ranging from about 50 °C to about 70 °C for about 0.5 to about 2 hours in a vacuum oven or a drying oven.
- the process further comprises recrystallizing the compound of Formula (IV).
- the isolated compound of Formula (IV) is mixed with a suitable solvent to form a saturated solution.
- suitable solvents include isopropanol, benzene, butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, heptane, methanol, methyl-t-butyl ether, octane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, combinations thereof, and mixtures of any of the forgoing and water.
- the solvent may be a mixture of isopropanol and water. In other embodiments, the solvent may be (100%) ethanol.
- the temperature of the saturated solution may be increased to about 70 °C to enable a polishing filtration to remove insolubles and then cooled to about 4 °C over a period of time.
- the crystallized compound of Formula (IV) may be isolated by filtration.
- the filtered compound may washed with the solvent used during the recrystallization process.
- the polished crystallized compound of Formula (IV) may be dried at a temperature ranging from about 50 °C to about 70 °C in a vacuum oven or a drying oven. The drying may proceed for at least 6 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 18 hours, or at least 24 hours.
- the yield of the compound of Formula (IV) prepared by the process disclosed herein may be at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, or at least about 95% by weight.
- the compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) are compounds of Formulas (la), (I la), (Ilia), and (IV), as shown in the reaction scheme below.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure encompasses a one-pot process for preparing L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate (i.e., the compound of
- the process comprises (a) converting a D-amphetamine salt to D- amphetamine; (b) adding D-amphetamine to a reaction mixture comprising 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (i.e., 2-MeTHF) and L/,L/’-di-Boc-L-lysine hydroxysuccinimide ester (i.e., a protected lysine) to form an intermediate compound, the intermediate compound being L/,/V -di-Boc-L-lysine-D-amphetamine; (c) phase extracting the reaction mixture after step (b) with one or more aqueous solutions to remove starting reactants and reaction by-products, thereby forming a purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound; and (d) contacting the purified mixture comprising the intermediate compound with methanesulfonic acid to form L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate.
- 2-MeTHF 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran
- Step (a) comprises contacting the D-amphetamine salt with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, followed by one or more extractions with 2- methyl tetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction mixture of step (b) is formed by mixing the protected lysine with 2-MeTFIF.
- the weight ratio of 2-MeTFIF to the protected lysine may range from about 6:1 to about 10:1 , or about 7:1.
- Step (b) comprises adding an approximately equimolar amount of D-amphetamine to the protected lysine.
- Step (b) is allowed to proceed at ambient or room temperature, during which the intermediate compound is formed.
- the intermediate compound is not isolated. Rather the final reaction mixture comprising the intermediate compound is purified via a series of phase extractions during step (c).
- the extractions comprise sequential contact with a water solution (which removes the hydroxysuccinimide residue released from the protected lysine during the coupling reaction), an acid solution having a pH of less than about 3 (which removes the unreacted D-amphetamine and hydroxysuccinimide residues), an alkaline solution having a pH of greater than about 12 (which removes the unreacted protected lysine), and one or more additional water solutions (which remove organic and inorganic salts).
- aqueous phase is removed and discarded.
- the final purified mixture comprises the intermediate compound with little or no starting materials or reaction by-products.
- Step (d) comprises maintaining the temperature at about 50-60 °C while adding about 3-4 equivalents of methanesulfonic acid. The temperature is maintained at about 50-60 °C for at least 6-8 hours to ensure complete deprotection of the intermediate compound and formation of L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate.
- the crystallization step removes undesirable diastereomers, and provides highly pure L-lysine-D-amphetamine dimesylate.
- D-Amphetamine bitartrate (20.00 g, 0.0701 mol) was suspended in water (40.00 g). To this was added 50 wt. % sodium hydroxide ( ⁇ 7.25 ml_) and 2- MeTHF (30 ml_) to adjust aqueous phase to a pH >13. The actual pH obtained of the aqueous phase was 13.59 at 34.9 °C. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was further extracted (separatory funnel) with 2-MeTHF (90 ml_). The organic phases were combined and used directly in the next example, no drying was required.
- the 2-MeTHF phase was further successively washed with 2 ml_ of concentrated hydrochloric acid in water (46 ml_) (the pH of aqueous extract was ⁇ 3.00); 2 ml_ of 50 wt. % sodium hydroxide (the pH of extract was > 12.00); and water (46 ml_) three times to remove salts.
- the 2-MeTHF phase remaining in the flask was set-up for azeotropic distillation using a Dean & Stark apparatus to remove water at a jacket temperature of 80-85 °C for 16 hours in this case. This removed 7.0 mL of water, the 2-MeTHF remaining typically had ⁇ 1.00 wt. % of water remaining.
- the reaction was then cooled to 50-60 °C and diluted with 2-MeTHF (165 mL), such that the concentration of Di-/V-Boc-L-lysine-D-amphetamine was at 10 wt. % / v based upon 100% yield of lisdexamphetamine dimesylate (i.e., 32.50 g in this example).
- Methanesulfonic acid (20.21 g, 0.2103 mol) was added such that the temperature was maintained between 50-60 °C; the reaction mixture was then held at this temperature to ensure complete deprotection for a least 6-8 hours.
- reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered on a Buchner funnel and washed with 2-MeTHF (50 ml_). After air drying for 1 hour, the crude (30.69 g) was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C, 22”Hg. This afforded crude lisdexamphetamine dimesylate as a white solid (30.25 g. 94.70 %‘as-is’, typically assaying at > 95 wt. %, with the excess being excess methanesulfonic acid and solvents, etc.).
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Abstract
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PCT/US2018/062624 WO2019108542A1 (fr) | 2017-11-30 | 2018-11-27 | Procédé de préparation de dérivés d'amphétamine acylés |
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AU (1) | AU2018374838B2 (fr) |
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US7659253B2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2010-02-09 | Shire Llc | Abuse-resistant amphetamine prodrugs |
WO2010042120A1 (fr) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Archimica, Inc. | Procédé pour la synthèse de dérivés d’amphétamine |
WO2010148305A1 (fr) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-12-23 | Cambrex Charles City, Inc. | Procédés et compositions pour la préparation de conjugués d'amphétamine et de sels de ceux-ci |
US8779191B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2014-07-15 | Cambrex Charles City, Inc. | Methods and compositions for preparing lisdexamfetamine and salts thereof |
WO2013011526A1 (fr) | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-24 | Ind-Swift Laboratories Limited | Procédé de préparation de la lisdexamphétamine et de ses sels |
US20140171510A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-06-19 | Shire Llc | Homoarginine prodrugs and/or conjugates of amphetamine and other stimulants and processes for making and using the same |
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AU2018374838A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
PT3717452T (pt) | 2024-08-28 |
MX2020005151A (es) | 2020-08-20 |
EP3717452B1 (fr) | 2024-06-05 |
BR112020010650A2 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
WO2019108542A1 (fr) | 2019-06-06 |
JP7263350B2 (ja) | 2023-04-24 |
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