Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
  • B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
  • B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
  • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
  • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
  • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
  • B24B9/10—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
  • B24B9/107—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass for glass plates while they are turning

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for machining a glass pane, wherein the edge of the glass pane is machined using at least one grinding tool, in that the glass pane and the grinding tool are moved relative to one another.
• the patent application JP 2007 136632 A describes a method, in which the parallel longitudinal sides of a glass sheet are ground by means of two grinding wheels. The currents flowing in the driving motors are shown on a display device in form of two waveforms. There are no measures provided to rectify the problem mentioned above of inaccurate machining due to inaccurate information on the position of the glass pane.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method that allows precise machining of the edge of a glass pane.
• the offset of the glass pane with respect to a target position can be determined by detecting and evaluating a variable that is a function of the power consumption of the motor used to drive the grinding too!. This allows correction of a possible offset and precise grinding of the glass panes. For example, the current of the motor may be used as such a variable.
• configuring the device for machining a new glass pane shape is simplified, and series production may be monitored to ensure that the ground edges have the desired quality.
• the method according to the invention allows a precise machining of any shape of the glass pane, not only a rectangular shape, but any shape, i.e. a shape having a contour composed of straight and/or curved sections.
• the glass pane to be machined may be e.g. placed on a support to define the actual position. The latter may deviate from the target position by an offset.
• the offset may be considered as a displacement in the plane P defined by the backside of the glass pane.
• the displacement may be a linear and/or rotational one.
• the offset of the glass pane may be defined by one or more of the following parameters:
• first and second linear axes are arranged at angle to each other, preferably they are arranged transversally to each other, most preferably they are perpendicular to each other,
• At least one of the three parameters mentioned above is determined in the method by detecting and evaluating the variable being a function of the power consumption of the motor used to drive the grinding tool.
• the variable being a function of the power consumption of the motor used to drive the grinding tool.
• it is not necessary to determine all of said parameters. This may be e.g. the case when one or more parameters is/are less dominant than another one.
• the rotation between the actual and target position may be small and therefore negligible and/or the shift between the actual and target position may tend to be greater along a particular axis than along another axis.
• the offset is determined in units of length and/or in angular units. This may be achieved e.g. by calibration measurements.
• the offset is determined by calculations performed by means of a controller.
• the latter may be provided with a program configured to calculate the offset.
• the calculations may include fitting a mathematical model to the detected curves values of the variable, averaging at least some of the detected values of the variable, taking into account values obtained from calibration measurements, etc.
• the determined offset is taken into account in a subsequent cycle of machining.
• the same glass pane may be machined at least once more and/or another glass pane may be machined.
• a correction is determined which adjusts the actual position of the glass pane to the target position.
• the correction may be taken into account in a subsequent cycle of machining.
• the complete circumferential edge of the glass pane is machined using one or more grinding tools.
• Fig. 1 schematically shows a device for machining a glass pane
• Fig. 3 shows an example of values of the current required by a motor for driving the grinding tool, as a function of the position of the grinding tool along the edge of the glass pane
• Fig. 4 shows the grinding speed corresponding to the curve in Fig. 3, and its derivative
• Fig. 5 shows an example of the weighting function for a rectangular glass pane shape in the x direction (Fig. 5(a)), y direction (Fig. 5(b)), and rotational direction (Fig. 5(c)
• Fig. 6 shows an example of current values in the x direction (Fig. 6(a)), y direction (Fig. 6(b)), and rotational direction (Fig. 6(c)), obtained by applying the weighting function from Fig. 5, and
• Fig. 7 schematically shows the method sequence for configuring a device for series production.
• Fig. 1 schematically shows a device that is used for machining a glass pane edge.
• the edge is the circumferential outer area between the top side and the bottom side of the pane.
• the device includes a support 9 on which a glass pane rests during machining, a grinding tool 10 that may be set in rotation by means of an electric motor, for example a spindle motor, and a controller 15.
• An asynchronous motor or synchronous motor, for example, is suitable as an electric motor.
• the grinding tool 10 is designed, for example, as a one- or multi-part grinding disk.
• the support 9 and the grinding tool 10 are movable relative to one another so that an edge of the glass pane may be ground. This is achievable in various ways, for example as follows:
• the support 9 is stationary and the grinding tool 10 is movable around the edge of the glass pane.
• the grinding tool 10 is stationary and the support 9 is movable in such a way that the edge of the glass pane may be moved past the grinding tool.
• the support 9 and the grinding tool 10 are movable, for example in that the support 9 is rotatable about a center of rotation and the grinding tool 10 is movable back and forth along a linear axis, or in that the support 9 is movable back and forth along a first linear axis and the grinding tool 10 is movable back and forth along a second linear axis, wherein the two axes are situated transversely with respect to one another, for example at right angles.
• a corresponding suitable drive and optionally a guide are provided.
• the grinding tool 10 is delivered by means of the drive, for example by path control.
• the grinding tool 10 then follows a fixed, predefined path. It is also conceivable for the grinding tool to be delivered in some other way, for example by force control or by path control and force control.
• Fig. 2 shows by way of example a device having a rotary table 8 that is rotatable about a center of rotation, as indicated by the double arrow 8a, and a grinding tool 10 that is movable back and forth along a linear axis, as indicated by the double arrow 10a.
• the rotary table 8 includes a support 9 in the form of one or more suction units on which a glass pane rests during the machining, and by means of which the glass pane is securely held.
• Fig. 2 also shows a controller 15 and an electric motor 1 1 for driving the grinding tool 10.
• the grinding tool together with the electric motor 1 1 is situated on a carriage 12 that is displaceable along a track 13 as a guide.
• a glass pane V which is in the actual position is also illustrated.
• the controller 15 has information concerning the desired shape of the glass pane ⁇ , but does not necessarily know the exact location of the glass pane.
• the glass pane 1 in Fig. 1 represents the target position thereof, on the basis of which the controller 15 determines the movement of the support 9 and/or of the grinding tool 10 so that the glass pane edge 1 a would be ground in the target position. It is apparent in Fig. 1 that the actual position and the target position are offset relative to one another. An offset may result from a displacement in the plane and/or from a rotation in the plane. In Fig.
• the electrical power consumption of the electric motor 1 1 while driving the grinding tool 10 is a function only of predefined process parameters, for example the pane shape, grinding speed, delivery, etc. During grinding along an essentially straight path, for example, the power consumption is essentially constant.
• the inventors have now found that an offset results in a corresponding variation in the power consumption.
• Conclusions concerning the offset may thus be drawn by detecting and evaluating a variable that corresponds to the power consumption.
• the current required by the electric motor 1 1 for driving the grinding tool 10 may be used as a variable that reflects the power consumption.
• the controlier 15 is used to control the movement of the support 9 and/or the grinding tool 10, as well as the electric motor 11.
• the controller 15 is provided with a suitable program for evaluating the detected variable.
• the current value of the electric motor 11 and/or some other variable is detected which is a function of the power consumption.
• the position of the grinding tool 10 on the linear axis and optionally further parameters, for example for force-controlled delivery, are recorded.
• the current is used as the variable to be detected. It is conceivable to use some other electrical variable, for example the voltage or a combination of current and voltage.
• Fig. 3 shows an example of a detected current curve I.
• the ordinate is the current, for example in units of amperes, and the values on the abscissa correspond to the position at the circumference of the glass pane 1a.
• the current value is recurrently detected after a displacement in the position. This results in a number N of measured values. (In the example according to Fig. 3, this corresponds to approximately 450 measured values. Of course, N may also be different.)
• the measured values are processed in a first step.
• Current dips may occur, as is apparent in Fig. 3.
• the current dip at the beginning and at the end of the measurement arises from the path plan of the grinding operation.
• the measurement begins with the recording of the values while the grinding tool 10 is still moving toward or away from the glass pane .
• the stated start and end points of the measurement are between the two values having the smallest interval between them. All preceding and subsequent measured values are no longer used in the steps that follow for determining the offset. However, the value of the current required by the grinding tool 10 in idle mode, i.e., without contact with the glass pane 1', may be determined from the omitted measured values.
• the glass pane has a shape according to Fig. 1 ; i.e., it has four rounded corners that are defined by an external radius.
• the direction in which the edge extends changes by more than a predefined angular value, for example by more than 45 degrees.
• the grinding tool 10 is grinding in each case during such a change in direction, it has a small support surface, so that almost no glass removal results and the current drops markedly.
• the calculated grinding speed behaves in a complementary manner during the stated changes in direction; i.e., it increases greatly during the current dips.
• the grinding speed v corresponding to the current curve I according to Fig. 3 is illustrated in units of length per unit time (in the present case, millimeters per 20 milliseconds).
• the bottom curve in Fig. 4 shows the derivative v' of the grinding speed v.
• the program uses, for example, the ratio of the spindle current I to the grinding speed v for filtering out the mentioned further current dips.
• the derivative v' at the locations of the stated changes in direction has positive and negative outliers.
• Current measured values for which the value of the derivative v' is above or below a predefined limit value (for example, ⁇ 0.25 in the example in Fig. 4) are declared as current dips, and are omitted for the further evaluation or are adjusted, for example by setting them to the average value of the detected current.
• the offset may be determined after the current measured values are processed.
• the offset is definable by three parameters: two parameters for a linear displacement in the plane (for example, the x and y values of the displacement vector a) and one parameter for the rotation in the plane.
• Various methods are conceivable for determining the offset from the plurality of current measured values, for example by fitting a mathematical model to the measuring curves, iteration, etc.
• the device according to Fig. 2 for example the following procedure is conceivable: As a result of the geometry, the greater the distance of a point from the center of rotation of the rotary table 8, the farther this point is displaced.
• the course of the glass pane edge 1 a in the target position may be defined by values for the x and y coordinates. Based on these values, a weighting function is determined in each case by forming the derivative and normalization to ⁇ 1 .
• Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b) show an example of this weighting function for the x and y directions in the case of a rectangular glass pane 1. In each case here, one side of the rectangle has no effect, while the other side has a maximum effect.
• Fig. 5(c) shows the weighting function for the angle that is obtained by forming the derivative of the absolute value of the vector based on the stated values for the x and y coordinates of the glass pane edge 1a.
• the effect is greatest in each case at the corners of the rectangle. In the center of a rectangle side the effect is equal to zero in each case, since the vector is then directed at 90 degrees with respect to the side.
• the current measured values I are reduced by the current value averaged over the entire measurement and multiplied by the weighting function for the x and y directions.
• the curves illustrated in Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b) are obtained.
• the offset in the x and y directions is obtained, in units of amperes per measured value, by averaging the values.
• the offset in the x direction is zero, and in the y direction the offset corresponds approximately to 0.13 A per measured value.
• the current measured values, reduced by the average value, are corrected according to the determined x and y offsets, and are then multiplied by the weighting function for the angle.
• the curve according to Fig. 6(c) is obtained with this procedure.
• the angular offset is obtained by averaging the values. In the example according to Fig. 6(c), this angular offset corresponds to approximately 0.025 amperes per measured value. Conversion of the values of the offset into units of length or into angular units is possible by calibration measurements, for example, in which the current of the electric motor 11 is detected at predefined glass thicknesses and grinding speeds as well as predefined values for the offset.
• the calibration measurements may take place by grinding a single glass pane multiple times, or by grinding multiple glass panes.
• the glass pane is optionally disposed of, and the determined values for the offset are used for the subsequent glass panes to be machined.
• a calibration value (for example, in amperes per mm for the linear offset) is determinable by averaging the current values of the second run, subtracting the current value in idle mode, and dividing the result by two, since according to Fig. 5(a), Fig. 5(b) the normalization here extends from -1 to +1.
• the offset is determinable in units of amperes, and by use of the calibration value may be converted into units of mm or degrees.
• the procedure described here with two grinding operations has the advantage, among others, that the program is able to calibrate itself for any given pane shapes, without the need for information concerning the pane thickness or grinding speed.
• the inventors have found that the current curve of the second run may be used to decide whether or not the glass pane has been completely ground, i.e., is free of unmachined and/or only partially machined locations.
• the current value for the offset is relatively large for a pane that is not completely ground. If a predefined threshold value is exceeded, the glass pane is not recognized as completely ground, and is remachined or disposed of.
• Fig. 7 summarizes the various method steps explained above:
• Step 100 The grinding is started in order to configure the device in such a way that glass panes may be ground in series without offset.
• Step 101 A glass pane is ground up to a residual edge in a first run.
• Step 102 The residual edge having a predefined width is removed in a second run.
• Step 103 The program determines the offset in the physical units and the corresponding correction values in order to compensate for the displacement and/or rotation between the x'-y' coordinate system and the x-y coordinate system in Fig. 1.
• Step 104 The program checks as to whether the glass pane is completely ground. If not, this is followed by: Step 105, in which the glass pane is disposed of and a new glass pane is ground to the final dimensions according to step 102, using the determined correction values.
• Step 106 A user additionally checks as to whether the glass pane is completely ground. This step is optional and may be omitted.
• Step 107 The device is now configured and the series production is started, in which a plurality of glass panes is ground.
• the detection and evaluation of the current I may be used not only for configuring the device, but also for monitoring and/or continuously adjusting the series production.
• the offset may be determined, for example, for each glass pane, and for example one-half the offset may be used as a correction value for the next glass pane.
• the measures described here are usable in many ways to grind the edge of a glass pane, in particular automotive window glass and glass panes for monitors and/or displays. Any given edge profiles to be ground are conceivable: rectangular, beveled, C-shaped, rounded edge, stepped cut, etc.
• the detection and evaluation of a variable that is a function of the power consumption of the motor has the advantage, among others, that it is not absolutely necessary to provide additional sensors to determine the offset.
• the device may be configured in such a way that information concerning the detected values of the variable, for example the detected current, the determined offset, the calculated correction, and/or other parameters, is displayed on a monitor.
• values of the variable on only a portion of the grinding path represent sufficient measuring points to determine the offset having a maximum of three parameters.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
• Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

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• 2018
  • 2018-10-09 TW TW107135593A patent/TWI811249B/zh active
  • 2018-10-30 HU HUE18795572A patent/HUE073218T2/hu unknown
  • 2018-10-30 WO PCT/EP2018/079626 patent/WO2019091820A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2018-10-30 EP EP18795572.9A patent/EP3706952B1/de active Active
  • 2018-10-30 US US16/762,807 patent/US20200346320A1/en active Pending
  • 2018-10-30 CN CN201880072044.1A patent/CN111344110A/zh active Pending
  • 2018-10-30 PL PL18795572.9T patent/PL3706952T3/pl unknown
  • 2018-10-30 JP JP2020544110A patent/JP7273836B2/ja active Active

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