EP3705631B1 - Machine de travail pourvu d'entraînement électrique et dispositif de refroidissement - Google Patents

Machine de travail pourvu d'entraînement électrique et dispositif de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3705631B1
EP3705631B1 EP20160975.7A EP20160975A EP3705631B1 EP 3705631 B1 EP3705631 B1 EP 3705631B1 EP 20160975 A EP20160975 A EP 20160975A EP 3705631 B1 EP3705631 B1 EP 3705631B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
heat
component
components
working machine
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Application number
EP20160975.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3705631A1 (fr
Inventor
Manes RECHEIS
Thomas ERLINGER
Oliver Leibetseder
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Wacker Neuson Linz GmbH
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Wacker Neuson Linz GmbH
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Publication of EP3705631A1 publication Critical patent/EP3705631A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/0858—Arrangement of component parts installed on superstructures not otherwise provided for, e.g. electric components, fenders, air-conditioning units
    • E02F9/0866—Engine compartment, e.g. heat exchangers, exhaust filters, cooling devices, silencers, mufflers, position of hydraulic pumps in the engine compartment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/18—Counterweights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a work machine with an electric drive, in particular a construction machine such as an excavator, a loader or a dump vehicle.
  • a diesel engine has proven to be the most effective drive for such work machines.
  • This engine operates a hydraulic circuit with which the driving and working movements of the work machine can be effected, e.g. by driving a hydraulic circuit.
  • combustion engines e.g. diesel engines
  • the operation of such electric drives usually causes the components involved to heat up considerably, in particular the electrical drive components such as electric motors, inverters (power electronics, motor control), voltage converters (DC/DC converters), on-board chargers (e.g. AC/DC converters) and electrical energy storage devices or batteries.
  • the electrical drive components such as electric motors, inverters (power electronics, motor control), voltage converters (DC/DC converters), on-board chargers (e.g. AC/DC converters) and electrical energy storage devices or batteries.
  • the heat generated can lead to damage during continuous operation, as is common with such machines, and must therefore be dissipated.
  • Liquid cooling is known to provide cooling for the drive components, but this increases the complexity of the entire system and requires additional space in the machine. In addition, liquid cooling is technically complex and leads to considerable additional costs.
  • cooling fins can also be disadvantageous in such machines because the machines are often used in a dirty environment (dust, sand, mud), so that the cooling fins can be covered with a heat-insulating crust of dirt after only a short period of use.
  • EP 3 176 334 A1 describes an excavator with a hybrid drive that has an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. To cool the engines and other components, a fan is provided to generate a cooling air flow, with an energy storage device arranged in the cooling air flow.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a simplified cooling possibility for the electrical, i.e. electronic, drive components of an electric drive in a work machine.
  • a work machine is specified, with a drive device with an electric drive and with structural components that are selected from the group of basic structure, machine frame, chassis base plate, counterweight and/or engine compartment housing.
  • the electric drive has an electric motor and heat-generating electrical, in particular electronic, drive components, wherein at least one of the drive components is attached to one of the structural components in such a way that the heat generated by the drive component can be at least partially conducted into the component.
  • a cooling device for the drive component is formed.
  • the work machine can in particular be a mobile work machine, especially a construction machine, such as an excavator, a (wheel) loader or a dumper vehicle (dumper, dump truck).
  • a construction machine such as an excavator, a (wheel) loader or a dumper vehicle (dumper, dump truck).
  • the electric drive can be constructed in a known manner and have various components, namely in particular an electric motor and electrical (or electronic) drive components such as inverters, power electronics, motor control, voltage converters or on-board chargers. Electrical energy storage devices or batteries are also among such electrical drive components.
  • an electric motor and electrical (or electronic) drive components such as inverters, power electronics, motor control, voltage converters or on-board chargers.
  • Electrical energy storage devices or batteries are also among such electrical drive components.
  • the structural components form the "framework” or "skeleton” of the working machine and thus the central physical structures of the working machine. They consist in particular of steel or steel construction or of grey cast iron (such as the counterweight).
  • the basic frame can be welded or bolted together from steel components. All other components of the working machine, including the chassis, the driver's cab, the engine compartment and the components required to effect the working movement, are attached to it. In this sense, the basic structure can also be understood as a machine frame or a chassis base plate.
  • the chassis base plate can be constructed in a plate-like manner, while the basic structure or machine frame can also be connected to higher structures.
  • the counterweight can be provided on certain construction machines, such as an excavator, and can be arranged opposite to compensate for a boom with respect to a vertical axis of rotation.
  • a solid counterweight made of gray cast iron is provided opposite the boom (e.g. excavator arm) to compensate for the weight of the excavator arm and in particular the load that the excavator has to bear during operation and to prevent the excavator from tipping over.
  • the structural components have a simple structure on the one hand and a large mass on the other.
  • they are usually made of a material with good thermal conductivity (steel, gray cast iron) and are therefore able to absorb or conduct larger amounts of heat. In this way, it can be ensured that the electronic drive components do not require any additional or separate cooling, in particular no additional fluid cooling or additional fans or cooling fins.
  • the structural components serve as heat sinks for the electronic drive components.
  • the thermal coupling of a drive component in question with a structural component is also understood in this context as a "cooling device".
  • the steel components can absorb and dissipate the heat flow well due to their weight and large cross-sections.
  • the other steel components, sheets and cladding parts attached to the central framework structures can act in a similar way to cooling fins. They represent an additional mass that can absorb heat. They also increase the surface area to the environment so that the heat can be released into the ambient air. In this way, for example, the basic framework of the working machine itself becomes the heat sink.
  • the contact surface can be a contact surface between the drive component and the structural component to which the drive component is attached, whereby an increased heat transfer is possible via the contact surface, which is greater than heat transfer via an air gap.
  • the contact surface thus forms a surface contact between the parts involved.
  • direct contact between the parts is possible in order to achieve good heat transfer.
  • the contact surface can be flat in order to easily attach the drive component to the structural component - already present on the work machine.
  • the aim should be to achieve as direct, surface contact as possible between the parts, because only then can a heat flow from the drive component into the component be achieved.
  • a heat conducting element can be arranged in the contact surface between the drive component and the structural component.
  • This heat conducting element can serve as an "adapter" or adaptation element, so to speak, in order to adapt the drive component, which in turn is usually a purchased part that can no longer be changed in terms of design, to the structural component as flatly as possible.
  • the structural component of the working machine is also usually already there and should not have to be changed for cost reasons, but also for design reasons. With the help of the heat conducting element, it is therefore possible to achieve good heat transfer or good heat conduction from the drive component to the component.
  • the heat conducting element can be designed, for example, as a metal body or as a metal plate in order to serve as a heat sink with respect to the drive component.
  • the heat conducting element should have a contact surface with the drive component on the one hand and a contact surface with the component on the other. Design constraints can easily be implemented by adapting the heat conducting element accordingly, without the drive component or the structural component having to be changed in terms of design. This makes it easy to achieve the desired "adapter function".
  • a contact surface may be present between the drive component and the structural member. If the above-mentioned heat-conducting element is also present, this contact surface is considered to be the Contact surface between the drive component and the heat conducting element.
  • this contact surface can be at least 20% of the entire outer surface of the drive component. In this way, a significant portion of the heat generated in the drive component can be conducted into the structural component via the contact surface - possibly also via the heat-conducting element.
  • the contact surface is preferably at least 30% of the entire outer surface of the drive component.
  • the contact surface is particularly preferably at least 40% of the entire outer surface.
  • At least 30% of the heat generated by the drive component can be conducted into the structural component.
  • the heat can be conducted into the component in particular via the contact surface.
  • at least 40% of the heat generated by the drive component can be conducted into the structural component.
  • at least 50% of the heat generated by the drive component can be conducted into the structural component.
  • the structural component can be a counterweight, with a recess provided on the inside of the counterweight into which the heat-generating drive component can be inserted.
  • the counterweight can be used, for example, in an excavator to balance the boom (excavator arm) and the load carried by it. Additional counterweights are often installed, particularly in construction machinery, to prevent the machines from tipping over.
  • the inside of the counterweight is directed towards the boom or the load-bearing device.
  • the heat generated in the drive component can then be conducted directly into the counterweight. Due to its size and the associated mass of the counterweight, the counterweight is easily able to absorb larger amounts of heat. It therefore heats up slightly during operation. The heat can in turn be dissipated to the environment via the outside of the counterweight.
  • the drive component can be integrated into the installation space occupied by the counterweight, because in this way the installation space can be used particularly efficiently.
  • the drive device can have a hydraulic circuit that is driven by the electric drive to generate a travel movement and/or a working movement.
  • the work machines in question here are typically moved, i.e. moved, via a hydraulic circuit.
  • the additionally required working movement (for example the lifting and swiveling movement of an excavator arm or a loader bucket) can be effected by the same or by a separate hydraulic circuit.
  • the electric drive can rotate a hydraulic pump, which enriches hydraulic fluid (e.g. hydraulic oil) with energy and delivers it under pressure in a hydraulic circuit.
  • the hydraulic circuit has corresponding consumers connected to it, such as hydraulic motors or linear drives (piston-cylinder units).
  • the hydraulic motors can be provided on the wheel axles, for example, and drive wheels with which the travel movement can be achieved.
  • the linear drives can cause swivel and lifting movements, for example for booms, excavator arms, shovels, etc.
  • the hydraulic circuit may comprise a cooling device with a fan and a heat exchanger, wherein the fan generates a cooling air flow for the heat exchanger, and wherein the cooling air flow is guided upstream of the heat exchanger such that it sweeps over a surface of the heat-generating drive component and/or a surface of the structural component to which the drive component is attached.
  • the cooling air flow in the intake area of the fan is guided in such a way that not only the hydraulic components of the hydraulic circuit, in particular the hydraulic fluid circulating there via the heat exchanger, are cooled, but also the heat-generating drive component or the structural component to which the drive component is attached and which is thus heated by the drive component during operation.
  • This can achieve an additional cooling effect for the drive component.
  • the hydraulic circuit and the corresponding hydraulic components are typically present in such a work device anyway, so that A heat exchanger with a fan is also usually provided to cool the hydraulic fluid.
  • the cooling air flow from this fan is used to cool the electrical or electronic drive components.
  • the structural component can also be cooled to improve the cooling effect.
  • An electrical energy storage device can be provided for the electric drive and/or for the electric motor, with the cooling air flow being guided upstream of the heat exchanger in such a way that it passes over the electrical energy storage device.
  • the electrical energy storage device can in particular be a battery that supplies the electric motor with electrical energy.
  • the cooling air flow generated by the hydraulic circuit fan can thus also cool the electrical energy storage device in advance and keep it at a suitable operating temperature.
  • An engine compartment can be provided with an engine compartment housing in which the following components are housed: electric motor, fan of the cooling device of the hydraulic circuit, energy storage for the electric drive, at least one of the heat-generating drive components.
  • a main inlet opening for the cooling air flow can be provided in the engine compartment housing, wherein the cooling air flow is guided in such a way that it flows through the engine compartment.
  • the engine compartment is thus defined by the engine compartment housing or a corresponding engine compartment cover.
  • the fan can generate a cooling air flow that at least partially covers all the components to be cooled within the engine compartment.
  • an engine cooling air opening can be provided in the engine compartment housing, through which the cooling air specifically for the electric motor enters the engine compartment.
  • the electric motor in particular generates considerable heat during operation. Accordingly, it is expedient to provide a separate opening for the electric motor, namely the engine cooling air opening, through which cooling air from the environment can be specifically introduced and passes over the electric motor in the engine compartment.
  • the structural component can have a cavity that is filled with and/or through which a liquid can flow, which absorbs heat from the structural component.
  • the structural component thus experiences additional cooling through the liquid.
  • the flow through the component can be achieved by a suitable conveying device, e.g. a pump such as a coolant pump.
  • the work machine can in particular be a construction machine such as an excavator, a loader or a dump truck.
  • An excavator is typically characterized by having an undercarriage and an upper carriage mounted on it so that it can rotate about a vertical axis.
  • the upper carriage is usually provided with a boom (excavator arm), at the end of which a bucket (bucket) can be pivotably mounted.
  • a loader or wheel loader has a chassis with wheels. It can also have a height-adjustable bucket or a telescopic boom (telescopic loader).
  • a dump truck has a dump truck that can be adjusted in height. Such vehicles are also called dumpers.
  • Fig.1 shows a highly simplified representation of a structure for cooling a heat-generating electronic drive component 1.
  • the drive component can be, for example, a converter, power electronics, motor control, voltage converter or part of an on-board charger. It has electronic components, some of which are subjected to high electrical currents and generate large amounts of heat. This heat must be dissipated to prevent the drive component from overheating and ultimately destroying it.
  • the drive component 1 is surface-coupled to a structural component 2.
  • the component 2 is, for example, a structural part of a working machine, i.e., for example, part of a steel construction basic structure or machine frame, as is usually provided for such working machines.
  • the drive component 1 is coupled to the structural component 2 via a heat conducting element 3 that serves as a heat sink.
  • the heat conducting element 3 can, for example, be in the form of a metal plate. It has a first contact surface 4 to which the drive component 1 is connected and via which the heat from the drive component 1 flows into the heat conducting element 3.
  • the heat conducting element 3 also has a second contact surface 5 via which the heat conducting element 3 touches the structural component 2 and via which the heat from the heat conducting element 3 can be conducted into the component 2.
  • the heat conducting element 3 can thus be understood as an adapter between the drive component 1 and the structural component 2 in order to ensure optimal heat transfer from the drive component 1 to the component 2.
  • a housing 6 can be provided which surrounds the drive component 1 and thus protects it from external influences.
  • the housing 6 can also have a heat-insulating effect in order to prevent heat from the drive component 1 from reaching other areas of the drive machine in an undesirable manner. This applies in particular if the aim is for the heat generated by the drive component 1 to be conducted as far as possible, for example more than 50%, into the structural component 2.
  • Fig.2 shows a further development of the embodiment of Fig.1
  • the structural element 2 is designed in the form of a counterweight 7.
  • counterweights are used in excavators in particular to balance the weight of the boom (excavator arm) and the load attached to it. Accordingly, the counterweights are usually made of very solid steel or gray cast iron.
  • a recess 8 is formed on an inner side of the counterweight 7 directed towards the boom (not shown), into which the arrangement of Fig.1 is used.
  • the counterweight 7 thus heats up when the working machine is in operation. Since the outside 9 of the counterweight 7 is exposed to the environment, it is constantly cooled by the ambient air so that the heat can be released to the environment.
  • the counterweight 7 has a large surface on its outside 9, which enables a good cooling effect.
  • the recess 8 can be used to ensure that the installation space does not have to be enlarged or not significantly enlarged. Rather, the recess 8 can be used to create a space inside the counterweight 7 in comparison to the original installation space 10, in which space the drive component 1 can be inserted.
  • Fig.3 shows a special design of an engine compartment 12 in vertical section.
  • the engine compartment 12 is formed by an engine compartment housing 13 or an engine compartment cover.
  • Various components are arranged inside the engine compartment housing 13, namely a heat exchanger 14 for a hydraulic circuit, a fan 15 for generating a cooling air flow 16 inside the engine compartment housing 13, which mainly passes through the heat exchanger 14 in order to cool the hydraulic fluid contained therein.
  • the hydraulic fluid is used as a working medium for operating a travel drive and/or a working drive, as already explained above.
  • An electric motor 17 is also arranged in the engine compartment 12, which drives, for example, a hydraulic pump (not shown), with which the hydraulic circuit can be operated.
  • a hydraulic pump (not shown)
  • Several electronic drive components 1 are arranged in the engine compartment 12 to operate the electric motor 17. These can be control units, power electronics, etc.
  • the heat-generating drive components 1 are attached to the structural component 2. This can be, for example, part of a machine frame or chassis.
  • an electrical energy storage device 18 is provided in the engine compartment 12 for storing the electrical energy for the electric motor 17.
  • a main inlet opening 19 is provided in the engine compartment housing 13, through which cooling air from the environment can flow into the engine compartment 12 to form the cooling air flow 16.
  • the main inlet opening 19 can of course consist of many smaller openings or an opening grille to prevent the penetration of larger particles and to ensure safe operation.
  • an engine cooling air opening 20 is provided on the underside of the engine compartment housing 13, through which cooling air from the environment can flow into the engine compartment 12 in order to specifically cool the electric motor 17 located above it.
  • the cooling air flow 16 is guided in such a way that all components including the structural element 2 are swept over in order to achieve a certain degree of cooling.
  • Fig.4 shows the arrangement of Fig. 3 in the top view.
  • a further heat-generating drive component 1 is provided, which this time is installed on the inside of the counterweight 7, as already shown above with reference to Fig. 2 shown.
  • a combination of Fig. 3 and 4 Drive components 1 can be mounted on the underside, i.e. on the machine frame, and on the counterweight 7, in order to to distribute the heat generated evenly across the structural components 2 of the working machine.
  • Fig.5 shows an excavator as an example of a work machine or construction machine.
  • a movable undercarriage 21 is provided on which an upper carriage 23 is mounted so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation Z.
  • a boom 23 On one side of the rotation axis Z, a boom 23 is provided as an excavator arm, while - opposite to the rotation axis Z - a counterweight 7 is attached.
  • One or more drive components can be provided inside the counterweight 7 - as explained above.
  • Fig.5 The engine compartment housing 13 and a machine frame 24 can also be seen.
  • Fig.6 shows another example of a working machine in the form of a wheel loader.
  • the machine frame 24 is partially covered by covers in order to effectively protect it against contamination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Machine de travail avec
    - un dispositif d'entraînement avec un entraînement électrique ; et avec
    - des éléments structurels (2) qui sont sélectionnés dans le groupe
    + structure de base
    + châssis de machine (24)
    + plaque de base de châssis
    + contrepoids (7)
    + carter du compartiment moteur (13)
    + cadre du train de roulement
    dans laquelle
    - l'entraînement électrique comprend un moteur électrique (17) et des composants d'entraînement (1) produisant de la chaleur ; et dans laquelle
    - au moins un des composants d'entraînement (1) est fixé à un des éléments structurels (2) de sorte que la chaleur générée par le composant d'entraînement (1) peut être guidée au moins partiellement vers l'élément (2) ;
    - le dispositif d'entraînement comprend un circuit hydraulique qui est entraîné par l'entraînement électrique, pour la production d'un mouvement de déplacement et/ou d'un mouvement de travail ;
    - le circuit hydraulique comprend un dispositif de refroidissement avec un ventilateur (15) et un échangeur thermique (14) ;
    - le ventilateur (15) génère un flux d'air de refroidissement (16) pour l'échangeur thermique (14) ;
    - le flux d'air de refroidissement (16) est guidé en amont de l'échangeur thermique (14) de sorte qu'il balaye une surface du composant d'entraînement (1) générant de la chaleur et/ou une surface de l'élément structurel (2), auquel le composant d'entraînement (1) est fixé ;
    - un accumulateur d'énergie (18) est prévu pour l'entraînement électrique et/ou pour le moteur électrique (17) ; et dans laquelle
    - le flux d'air de refroidissement (16) est guidé en amont de l'échangeur thermique (14) de sorte qu'il balaye l'accumulateur d'énergie électrique (18) ;
    caractérisée en ce que
    - l'élément structurel est un contrepoids (7) ; et
    - sur la face interne du contrepoids (7) est prévu un évidement dans lequel le composant d'entraînement (1) générant de la chaleur est inséré.
  2. Machine de travail selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle
    - entre le composant d'entraînement (1) et l'élément structurel (2), auquel le composant d'entraînement (1) est fixé, se trouve une surface de contact (4) ; et dans laquelle
    - grâce à la surface de contact (4), un transfert de chaleur augmenté est possible, qui est supérieur à un transfert de chaleur à travers un interstice.
  3. Machine de travail selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle, dans la surface de travail (4), entre le composant d'entraînement (1) et l'élément structurel (2), est disposé un élément de conduction de chaleur (3).
  4. Machine de travail selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans laquelle la surface de travail (4) représente au moins 20 % de la surface externe totale du composant d'entraînement (1).
  5. Machine de travail selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
    - un compartiment moteur (12) est prévu, avec un carter de compartiment moteur (13), dans lequel sont logés les composants suivants :
    + moteur électrique (17)
    + ventilateur (15) du dispositif de refroidissement du circuit hydraulique
    + accumulateur d'énergie (18) pour l'entraînement électrique
    + au moins un des composants d'entraînement (1) générant de la chaleur
    - dans le carter du compartiment moteur (13), est disposée une ouverture d'entrée principale (19) pour le flux d'air de refroidissement ; et dans laquelle
    - le flux d'air de refroidissement (16) est guidé de façon à traverser le compartiment moteur (12).
  6. Machine de travail selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle, dans le carter du compartiment moteur (13), en plus de l'ouverture d'entrée principale (19), est prévue une ouverture d'air de refroidissement du moteur (20) par l'intermédiaire de laquelle l'air de refroidissement arrive de manière ciblée pour le moteur électrique (17) dans le compartiment moteur (12).
  7. Machine de travail selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle
    - l'élément structurel (2) comprend une cavité qui est remplie d'un liquide et/ou qui est traversée par un liquide, qui absorbe la chaleur provenant de l'élément structurel (2).
EP20160975.7A 2019-03-08 2020-03-04 Machine de travail pourvu d'entraînement électrique et dispositif de refroidissement Active EP3705631B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019106006.0A DE102019106006A1 (de) 2019-03-08 2019-03-08 Arbeitsmaschine mit Elektroantrieb und Kühlvorrichtung

Publications (2)

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EP3705631A1 EP3705631A1 (fr) 2020-09-09
EP3705631B1 true EP3705631B1 (fr) 2024-06-12

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JP2024004138A (ja) * 2022-06-28 2024-01-16 ヤンマーホールディングス株式会社 電動式作業機械

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DE102016224718A1 (de) * 2016-12-12 2018-06-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Flächenbauteil, Fahrzeug mit einem derartigen Flächenbauteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Flächenbauteils

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