EP3705185A1 - Electrostatic precipitator for the purification of flue gases - Google Patents
Electrostatic precipitator for the purification of flue gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3705185A1 EP3705185A1 EP20020085.5A EP20020085A EP3705185A1 EP 3705185 A1 EP3705185 A1 EP 3705185A1 EP 20020085 A EP20020085 A EP 20020085A EP 3705185 A1 EP3705185 A1 EP 3705185A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow channel
- corona discharge
- electrostatic precipitator
- channel section
- collecting container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010041953 Staring Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004924 electrostatic deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
- B03C3/366—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located in the filter, e.g. special shape of the electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
- B03C3/76—Cleaning the electrodes by using a mechanical vibrator, e.g. rapping gear ; by using impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/28—Parts being designed to be removed for cleaning purposes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrostatic separator for cleaning flue gases, preferably from technical conversion processes, preferably combustion processes such as e.g. from small combustion systems, ovens, combustion engines or other incineration systems.
- Flue gases are particulate gases with solid and / or liquid components. They have a gaseous carrier component in which solid particles and / or liquid drops are suspended.
- a preferred use of the electrostatic separator is the cleaning of flue gases from small incineration plants such as incinerators for biomass, coke, coal, fuel oils, wood, wood pellets or other fossil fuels.
- Electrostatic precipitators have a wide range of uses for cleaning aerosols.
- electrostatic precipitators which send particles of combustion gas through an ionizer, in which they are charged in a corona discharge which is generated at the sharp edges of a high-voltage electrode.
- the collector pipe of the separator is earthed. Charged particles are collected on the inner surface of the collector tube, mainly gas downstream of the ionizer.
- an electrostatic precipitator for cleaning flue gases from wood-burning stoves or stationary diesel engines. It consists of a housing with at least one gas inlet and one gas outlet. The gas inlet is followed in the direction of flow by a downwardly leading, tubular first flow channel section with a non-corona agglomerator, followed by a corona discharger, which opens into a covered shaft for collecting separated soot particles.
- the tubular second flow channel section follows from the covered shaft in the direction of flow, leading upwards, which opens into a gas outlet and is equipped as a collector with a rotatable, helical brush.
- one object of the invention is to design a concept for electrostatic separation for cleaning flue gases in such a way that it is particularly suitable for use with small combustion systems, especially in confined spaces or in environments sensitive to emissions such as is suitable, for example, in buildings and is characterized by particularly safe handling.
- an electrostatic separator for the cleaning of flue gases, comprising a housing with a preferably downwardly removable collecting container for separated particles, a gas inlet and a gas outlet and between a flow channel arranged in the housing and routed past the collecting container.
- the flow channel After the gas inlet downstream, the flow channel initially follows a downwardly directed first flow channel section and from there opens into a flow deflector, from there into an upwardly directed second flow channel section of the flow channel and from which it exits into the gas outlet.
- a corona discharge arrangement is arranged in the flow channel, comprising at least one, preferably two disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes and separation surfaces, suitable for the formation of a circumferential electrical field between the corona discharge electrode and the separation surfaces as counter-electrodes.
- these are arranged in series in the flow channel in the direction of flow and are preferably electrically connected to one another.
- the disk-shaped corona discharge electrodes are preferably arranged orthogonally to the direction of flow in the flow channel, with the result that the flue gas flow in the flow channel is deflected through the electric field as homogeneously as possible over the entire field.
- the shortest distance between the circumferential edge of the corona discharge electrode and the closest inner wall is preferably the same.
- the electric field between the circumferential edge of a corona discharge electrode and the shortest distance in each case to the inner wall is at a maximum.
- a preferred embodiment of the at least one disk-shaped corona discharge electrode is characterized in that it has circumferentially radially protruding electrode tips, the distance between the electrode tips then being decisive as the shortest distance and preferably uniformly the same to the closest deposition surface.
- the separation surfaces are formed by the inner wall areas of the flow channel.
- the separation surfaces in the flow channel are preferably grounded (zero potential), while the at least one corona discharge electrode is preferably connected to a preferably common high-voltage source and through this has a potential difference to the zero potential, preferably a negative direct voltage potential.
- the housing or at least the inner walls of the flow channel or at least the separation surfaces are electrically conductive or coated in a conductive manner.
- the separation surfaces extend in their entirety basically over all electrically conductive or conductive coated inner walls of the flow channel, which are electrically connected to one another and are thereby subjected to the same potential to one another.
- the entire inner surface of the electrostatic precipitator forms the collecting surface for particles: particles are released from the gas flow after passing through the gas inlet and prior to reaching the corona discharge arrangement, first deposited as a gas-dynamic and mechanical precipitate on the inner walls, in particular of the first flow channel section, due to gas-dynamic phenomena.
- the deposition takes place increasingly electrostatically in the corona discharge field, the particles being deposited essentially as particle deposits on the grounded inner wall areas. This deposition is repeated in the case of the second and possibly further corona discharge electrodes following the first corona discharge electrode. Deposition also takes place on the surfaces of the corona discharge electrodes (gas dynamic effects, mechanical collecting and collecting under the influence of electrical wind).
- particles are also deposited on the upward-facing surfaces of the first and second and, if applicable, subsequent disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes (gas-dynamic effects, mechanical precipitation, partially electrostatic separation of positively charged particles from the gas flow on the surface of the high-voltage electrode with negative polarity, electrical precipitation Wind).
- Particles are deposited on the inner surface of the collecting container, which is also earthed. This deposition takes place due to space charge effects by means of mechanical forces, thermophoretic forces, electrical field forces between the inner surface of the collecting container and the rigid support between the corona discharge electrodes.
- the inner walls of the second flow channel section following the corona discharge electrodes in the direction of flow also under the influence of space charge effects, a further separation of charged particles takes place.
- An essential basic idea of the invention is to completely or partially, preferably predominantly, cover the separation surfaces through inner walls of the collecting container form.
- the separation surfaces or some of the separation surfaces extend onto the inner wall of the collecting container, which thus forms part of the aforementioned inner wall of the flow channel.
- the collecting container and thus the inner walls are electrically conductive or have a conductive coating and form the aforementioned inner wall of the flow channel.
- the collecting container and thus the inner walls are electrically conductive or coated for this purpose.
- a preferred embodiment also provides for at least one of the, preferably all, disk-shaped corona discharge electrodes to be arranged in the collecting container, i. they are not arranged in the interior of the housing, but at least partially protrude from the housing and into the collecting container.
- a preferred embodiment is characterized in that only the areas on the separation surfaces with the shortest distance from one of the electrodes are entirely or partially, preferably predominantly, formed by inner walls of the collecting container.
- Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that only the areas on the separation surfaces with the shortest distance plus a maximum of 50%, more preferably 20%, more preferably 10% of the shortest distance to one of the electrodes are wholly or partially, preferably predominantly are formed by inner walls of the collecting container.
- the at least one corona discharge electrode is preferably through, preferably only through a rigid high-voltage line fixed in the flow channel and connected via this to a high voltage source outside the housing. It goes without saying that only if the high-voltage line and the electrically conductive inner wall of the flow channel are insulated from one another is the aforementioned potential difference between the corona discharge electrode and the inner wall as separation surfaces possible at all.
- the rigid high-voltage line ends at a first corona discharge electrode.
- the corona discharge electrodes are connected to one another by an electrically conductive rigid connection, e.g. a rigid metal beam connected to each other.
- the rigid high voltage line is preferably axially in the first flow channel section, i. aligned with its free end downwards and has no electrical contact with the inner wall.
- the distance from the high-voltage line to the inner wall away from the at least corona discharge electrode to avoid deposits is also preferably greater than the aforementioned shortest distance between the circumferential edge of the corona discharge electrode and the closest inner wall.
- the high-voltage line is led out of the flow channel preferably via a gas-impermeable high-voltage leadthrough away from the gas inlet.
- the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing is provided away from the gas inlet.
- a tubular electrical insulator is preferably also arranged around the high-voltage line on the high-voltage line in the flow channel itself.
- This insulator preferably extends from the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing to shortly before or to the first electrode and electrically insulates the high-voltage line from the first flow channel section.
- the tubular electrical insulator also serves to improve the operational stability of the separator, to extend the length of the insulating surface between the aforementioned separation surface and high-voltage line, and to reduce electrical leakage currents.
- the tubular electrical insulator In order to prevent the risk of a short circuit at the end of the insulator, it is proposed within the scope of one embodiment to configure the tubular electrical insulator so that it has an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the rigid high-voltage line. Between the high-voltage line and the tubular insulator, there is thus a clearance and thus a circumferential gap, the tubular electrical insulator being advantageously suspended from the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing and the gap thus only being open at the bottom.
- This gap especially when the gap width changes during operation, fundamentally makes it difficult to achieve a continuous deposit coating over the transition between the insulator and the high-voltage line across the open end of the gap.
- the tubular insulator preferably consists of a hose made of an elastic or pliable material, preferably a silicone, a silicone-containing material or another temperature-resistant elastic material.
- the tubular insulator can be elastically fixed in the aforementioned suspension. This has the advantageous effect that the insulator is moved relative to the high-voltage line by the flow of flue gas, thereby causing the aforementioned to move
- the gap changes dynamically with the flow and possible deposits in and on the gap are loosened. Since the high-voltage line with the insulator is arranged in the first downward flow channel section from above at the high-voltage bushing down to the gap, the released deposits in the gap are carried downward out of the gap by gravity alone, thereby stabilizing the gap.
- the tubular electrical insulator preferably ends at a predeterminable fixed distance before it is reached, ie above a first of the at least one corona discharge electrode. This prevents the particles deposited on the first of the at least one corona discharge electrode from reaching the lower end of the insulator as bulk material and possibly causing a short circuit or a leakage current path.
- This bed is created on the upward-facing surface of the corona discharge electrode, in that there is accumulation of particle masses discharged from the gap or directly from the flue gas.
- Said fixed distance preferably corresponds to between 10%, 20% or 30% to 50%, 70% or 80% of the maximum dimension of the first of the at least one disk-shaped corona discharge electrode.
- the fixed distance is typically between 2 and 15 cm.
- An optional temperature sensor for the flow channel is advantageous for operating the electrostatic separator for flue gas cleaning of combustion processes.
- the flue gas cleaning can be activated or deactivated by applying an HV voltage to the at least one corona discharge electrode.
- the temperature is detected by at least one temperature detection sensor in the first flow channel section or on the housing near the first flow channel section.
- the high voltage only be switched through to the at least one corona discharge electrode above 50 ° C to 70 ° C, preferably above 60 ° C, measured with the temperature detection sensor in the first flow channel cross section, and thus activate the electrostatic separation.
- the illustrated embodiments show a housing 1 of the electrostatic precipitator with a gas inlet 2 and a gas outlet 3 and a flow channel arranged between these in the housing, comprising a first flow channel section 5 directed downwards in flow direction 4 , a flow deflector 6 following the first flow channel section into an upwardly directed second Flow channel section 7 of the flow channel.
- the housing 1 itself is open at the bottom, but is closed to the outside by a collecting container 8 closing the opening with handles on both sides.
- the housing and / or the collecting container are preferably made of metal and grounded in the exemplary embodiment.
- Fig.1a shows an embodiment with laterally arranged gas inlet and gas outlet for use, for example, in a horizontal exhaust line, for example in a transition line between a furnace and a chimney shaft.
- Fig.1b shows, however, an embodiment with a laterally arranged gas inlet and upwardly directed gas outlet, for example suitable for installation in a chimney shaft, into which the gas outlet opens directly.
- FIG.1a In the representation of a first embodiment according to Fig.1a are the circumferential lines or separations of the individual components to highlight the continuous flow channel in contrast to the illustration in Fig.1b not shown.
- first and second flow channel sections 5 and 7 are arranged parallel to one another, more preferably arranged vertically parallel to one another.
- the illustrated embodiments each include a corona discharge arrangement in the flow channel with two disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes 9 and 10 as well as separation surfaces 11 , suitable for forming a rotating electrical field 12 between the corona discharge electrode and the separation surfaces.
- the two corona discharge electrodes are preferably each arranged one before and one after the flow deflector 6 .
- the at least one corona discharge electrode is more preferably oriented orthogonally to the first and / or the second flow channel section. With a vertical alignment of the flow channel sections mentioned, the disk-shaped corona discharge electrodes are aligned horizontally.
- the corona discharge electrodes 9 and 10 are as particularly in FIG Fig. 2 shown not arranged in the housing 1 , but protrude downward from the housing 1 . As in Fig.1a and b , they are arranged inside the collecting container 8 . Likewise, the areas on the separation surfaces with the shortest distance from one of the electrodes are entirely or partially, preferably predominantly formed by inner walls of the collecting container.
- the two corona discharge electrodes 9 and 10 have, as in FIG Fig. 3 to be recognized schematically, circumferentially radially protruding electrode tips 25 , around which the field strengths of the electric field 12 are maximum. These electrode tips each preferably have the same distance A from the respectively closest deposition surface, so that the electric fields have approximately the same field strength over the entire circumference of the corona discharge electrodes.
- the two corona discharge electrodes 9 and 10 are also, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown, connected to one another by an electrically conductive rigid support 13 along the flow deflector 6 , whereby one and the same electrical potential is applied to these.
- the rigid support is only connected to the corona discharge electrodes (electrically conductive), positions them relative to one another in the flow channel and preferably has no connection to other components, in particular to the inner walls of the flow channel, in particular in the area of the flow deflector 6 .
- the carrier is preferably a sheet metal carrier, the sheet metal being arranged as upright as possible, ie vertically and as aixal in the flow channel in the area of the deflector 6 for the benefit of a minimal pressure drop in the gas flow, in order to avoid or reduce the build-up of particles.
- a rigid high-voltage line 15 is arranged axially in the first flow channel section 6 , which serves both as a carrier element for fixing the corona discharge electrodes 9 and 10 in the flow channel and as an electrical connection for these to a high-voltage source 16 .
- the high-voltage line is led out and held through a high-voltage bushing 17 with a preferably ceramic element 18 , alternatively a glass element as an electrical insulator to the housing 1 from the upper end of the first flow channel 5 .
- an elastic or limp tubular electrical insulation preferably a silicone hose 19 is provided around the high-voltage line, which has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the high-voltage line with the formation of an annular gap 21 .
- the hose end 20 of the silicone hose 19 ends as previously explained and in FIG Fig. 5 shown at a fixed distance H above the first corona discharge electrode 9.
- the height H preferably exceeds the maximum possible bed height of the particle bed 22 on the first corona discharge electrode 9 , so that between the particle deposits 23 on the silicone hose 19 at the lower end of the hose 20 and the aforementioned particle bed 22 on the first corona discharge electrode 9.
- the corona discharge electrodes are acted upon by the high-voltage source 16 , preferably in a temperature-controlled manner, with a potential difference only being fed in from an adjustable operating temperature. It is proposed that at least one temperature detection be carried out in the first flow channel section 5 above the gas inlet 2 . This is done either selectively by means of a temperature detection sensor 24 , as in FIG Fig.1a shown, in the inner volume or integrally over the wall surface, as in Fig.1b shown, on the upper wall of the first flow channel section near the high-voltage bushing 17.
- a flow around the elastic or limp tubular electrical insulation, preferably the silicone hose, with flue gas advantageously causes a continuous or recurring movement of the hose end around the high-voltage line.
- the associated constant changes in the width of the gap 21 in the region of the hose end 20 lead to a detachment of particles from particles deposited on the hose and / or high-voltage line, in particular in the gap.
- the detached particles or particle agglomerates then fall, following the force of gravity, onto the top of the first corona discharge electrode 9.
- first flow channel section 5 it is optionally provided with corresponding sources of flow disturbance, not shown in the figures, such as baffles and / or tear-off edges, in which turbulence is generated locally and its flow trailing onto the hose end 20 , but more preferably not extends to the aforementioned electrical fields 12 around the first corona discharge electrode 9 .
- sources of flow disturbance not shown in the figures, such as baffles and / or tear-off edges, in which turbulence is generated locally and its flow trailing onto the hose end 20 , but more preferably not extends to the aforementioned electrical fields 12 around the first corona discharge electrode 9 .
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the aforementioned compact structure provides a housing 1 which encloses a cylindrical internal volume (cf. Fig. 3 ), which is divided above the flow deflector 6 by a partition 14 with an electrically conductive and grounded surface as part of the separation surfaces into two semi-cylindrical partial volumes, one of the partial volumes forming the first and second flow channel sections.
- This advantageously favors a cylindrical outer contour of the housing 1 of the electrostatic precipitator and thus also a design as a collecting container 8 as a cylindrical pot preferred uniform inner and outer diameter, ie a stepless transition in particular of the inner walls between the housing and the collecting container.
- the collecting container can be attached to the lower opening of the housing and can be locked, for example, with a bayonet connection or with clamps.
- a pair of sealing surfaces adapted to one another is optionally provided with a separate encircling sealing ring there.
- the collecting container and the housing at least their inner walls, which form the flow channel, have the same electrical potential as the housing, preferably earth or zero potential.
- the collecting container and the housing have a different electrical potential applied to them, with which different electrostatic attractive forces to the respective inner walls of the housing, i.e. first or second flow channel section, and sump, i.e. can be implemented in the area of flow deflection.
- the partition 14 and the first and second flow channel sections 5 and 7 extend from above into the collecting container 8 , while the area of the flow deflector 6 is provided below the partition 14 in the collecting container.
- a corona discharge electrode is arranged in each of the two flow channel sections on both sides of the dividing wall in the collecting container, which electrodes likewise protrude into the collecting container arranged on both sides of the dividing wall. The area of the inner wall of the flow channel, which is closest to the corona discharge electrodes, is thus shifted to the lower part of the partition and, like this, also into the collecting container.
- the separation surfaces are shifted towards the inner walls of the collecting container, whereby the particle deposits advantageously take place directly in the collecting container and can be removed with this directly from the electrostatic separator.
- the corona discharge electrodes are accessible for cleaning, for example of deposits in the area of the high-voltage line.
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- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Elektrostatischer Abscheider für die Reinigung von Rauchgasen, umfassend ein Gehäuse(1)mit einem abnehmbaren Sammelbehälter(8)für abgeschiedene Partikel, einem Gaseintritt(2)und einem Gasaustritt(3)und dazwischen im Gehäuse(1)angeordneten am Sammelbehälter vorbeigeleiteten Strömungskanal, ein dem Gaseintritt(2)stromabwärts folgenden nach unten gerichteten ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt(5)des Strömungskanals, eine dem ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt(5)folgenden Strömungsumlenkung(6)in einen nach oben gerichteten zweiten Strömungskanalabschnitt(7)des Strömungskanals, wobei der zweite Strömungskanalabschnitt(7)in den Gasaustritt(3)ausmündet sowie eine Koronaentladungsanordnung im Strömungskanal, umfassend mindestens eine scheibenförmige Koronaentladungselektrode(9, 10)und Abscheideflächen(11),geeignet für eine Ausbildung eines umlaufenden elektrischen Feldes(12)zwischen Koronaentladungselektrode(9,10)und den Abscheideflächen(11).Die Aufgabe liegt davon ausgehend in einer besseren Eignung und einer sichereren Handhabung bei der Rauchgasreinigung insbesondere für Kleinfeueungsanlagen. Gelöst wird die Aufgabe, indem die Abscheideflächen(11)geerdet sind und ganz oder teilweise durch Innenwandungen des Sammelbehälters(8)gebildet sind.An electrostatic separator for the cleaning of flue gases, comprising a housing (1) with a removable collecting container (8) for separated particles, a gas inlet (2) and a gas outlet (3) and a flow channel arranged in between in the housing (1) and leading past the collecting container the gas inlet (2) downstream, downwardly directed first flow channel section (5) of the flow channel, a flow deflector (6) following the first flow channel section (5) into an upwardly directed second flow channel section (7) of the flow channel, the second flow channel section (7) opens into the gas outlet (3) and a corona discharge arrangement in the flow channel, comprising at least one disc-shaped corona discharge electrode (9, 10) and separation surfaces (11), suitable for the formation of a circumferential electric field (12) between the corona discharge electrode (9, 10) and the separation surfaces (11). The task is based on this in a better suitability u nd safer handling for flue gas cleaning, especially for small heating systems. The object is achieved in that the separation surfaces (11) are earthed and are entirely or partially formed by the inner walls of the collecting container (8).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für die Reinigung von Rauchgasen, vorzugsweise aus technischen Umwandlungsprozessen, vorzugsweise Verbrennungsprozessen wie z.B. aus Kleinfeuerungsanlagen, Öfen, Verbrennungsmotoren oder sonstige Verbrennungsanlagen.The invention relates to an electrostatic separator for cleaning flue gases, preferably from technical conversion processes, preferably combustion processes such as e.g. from small combustion systems, ovens, combustion engines or other incineration systems.
Rauchgase sind partikelhaltige Gase mit festen und/oder flüssigen Bestandteilen. Sie weisen eine gasförmige Trägerkomponente auf, in die feste Partikel und/oder Flüssigtropfen suspendiert sind.Flue gases are particulate gases with solid and / or liquid components. They have a gaseous carrier component in which solid particles and / or liquid drops are suspended.
Es ist immer noch üblich, insbesondere feste Brennstoffe wie Holz oder Kohle zum Heizen ohne jegliche Rauchgasreinigung zu verbrennen. Die dabei entstehenden Rauchgase verursachen Feinstaub- und Aerosolemissionen und damit einerseits eine Verunreinigung der Umwelt und andererseits emissionsbedingte Gesundheitsgefährdungen. Feinstaubpartikel und Aerosole können vor dem Austritt in die Umgebung durch wirksame Rauchgasreinigung abgefangen und weiterverarbeitet werden. Ein elektrostatischer Abscheider ist eine solche effektive Gasreinigungseinrichtung.It is still common practice to burn solid fuels such as wood or coal for heating without any flue gas cleaning. The resulting flue gases cause fine dust and aerosol emissions and thus, on the one hand, pollution of the environment and, on the other hand, emissions-related health hazards. Fine dust particles and aerosols can be captured and processed by effective flue gas cleaning before they escape into the environment. An electrostatic precipitator is such an effective gas cleaning device.
Eine bevorzugte Verwendung des elektrostatischen Abscheiders ist die Abreinigung von Rauchgasen aus Kleinverbrennungsanlagen wie insbesondere Verbrennungsöfen für Biomasse, Koks, Kohle, Brennöle, Holz, Holzpellets oder andere fossile Brennstoffe.A preferred use of the electrostatic separator is the cleaning of flue gases from small incineration plants such as incinerators for biomass, coke, coal, fuel oils, wood, wood pellets or other fossil fuels.
Elektrostatische Abscheider haben zum Reinigen von Aerosolen einen weiten Anwendungsbereich. Zum Beispiel werden in einem in der
Aus
Ferner ist aus der
Davon ausgehend liegt eine Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Konzept für eine elektrostatische Abscheidung zur Reinigung von Rauchgasen so auszugestalten, dass es in besonderem Maße für den Einsatz mit Kleinfeuerungsanlagen vor allem in beengten Platzverhältnissen oder Emissionssensiblen Umgebungen wie z.B. in Gebäuden geeignet ist und sich dabei durch eine besonders sichere Handhabung auszeichnet.Based on this, one object of the invention is to design a concept for electrostatic separation for cleaning flue gases in such a way that it is particularly suitable for use with small combustion systems, especially in confined spaces or in environments sensitive to emissions such as is suitable, for example, in buildings and is characterized by particularly safe handling.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen elektrostatischen Abscheider mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Hierauf rückbezogene Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen wieder.The object is achieved by an electrostatic precipitator with the features of
Die Lösung der Aufgabe basiert auf einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für die Reinigung von Rauchgasen, umfassend ein Gehäuse mit vorzugsweise nach unten abnehmbarem Sammelbehälter für abgeschiedene Partikel, ein Gaseintritt und ein Gasaustritt und dazwischen einen im Gehäuse angeordneten und am Sammelbehälter vorbeigeleiteten Strömungskanal. Der Strömungskanal folgt nach dem Gaseintritt stromabwärts zunächst einem nach unten gerichteten ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt und mündet von da aus in eine Strömungsumlenkung, von da aus in einen nach oben gerichteten zweiten Strömungskanalabschnitt des Strömungskanals und von dem er in den Gasaustritt aus.The solution to the problem is based on an electrostatic separator for the cleaning of flue gases, comprising a housing with a preferably downwardly removable collecting container for separated particles, a gas inlet and a gas outlet and between a flow channel arranged in the housing and routed past the collecting container. After the gas inlet downstream, the flow channel initially follows a downwardly directed first flow channel section and from there opens into a flow deflector, from there into an upwardly directed second flow channel section of the flow channel and from which it exits into the gas outlet.
Im Strömungskanal ist eine Koronaentladungsanordnung angeordnet, umfassend mindestens eine, vorzugsweise zwei scheibenförmige Koronaentladungselektroden und Abscheideflächen, geeignet für eine Ausbildung eines umlaufenden elektrischen Feldes zwischen Koronaentladungselektrode und den Abscheideflächen als Gegenelektroden. Im Falle von mehreren Koronaentladungselektroden sind diese im Strömungskanal in Strömungrichtung seriell angeordnet und vorzugsweise miteinander elektrisch verbunden.A corona discharge arrangement is arranged in the flow channel, comprising at least one, preferably two disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes and separation surfaces, suitable for the formation of a circumferential electrical field between the corona discharge electrode and the separation surfaces as counter-electrodes. In the case of several corona discharge electrodes, these are arranged in series in the flow channel in the direction of flow and are preferably electrically connected to one another.
Vorzugsweise sind die scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektroden orthogonal zu der Durchströmungsrichtung im Strömungskanal angeordnet, womit eine Umlenkung der Rauchgasdurchströmung im Strömungskanal durch das elektrische Feld hindurch möglichst im gesamten Feld gleichmäßig homogen erfolgt. Zur Erzeugung einer gleichmassigen elektrischen Feldstärke über das gesamte Feld wird vorgeschlagen, dass der kürzeste Abstand des umlaufenden Rands der Koronaentladungselektrode vorzugsweise zu jeweils der nächstliegenden Innenwandung jeweils gleich ist. Entsprechend ist das elektrische Feld zwischen dem umlaufenden Rand einer Koronaentladungselektrode und dem jeweils kürzesten Abstand zur Innenwandung maximal.The disk-shaped corona discharge electrodes are preferably arranged orthogonally to the direction of flow in the flow channel, with the result that the flue gas flow in the flow channel is deflected through the electric field as homogeneously as possible over the entire field. To generate a uniform electric field strength over the entire field is proposed that the shortest distance between the circumferential edge of the corona discharge electrode and the closest inner wall is preferably the same. Correspondingly, the electric field between the circumferential edge of a corona discharge electrode and the shortest distance in each case to the inner wall is at a maximum.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der mindestens einen scheibenförmige Koronaentladungselektrode kennzeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass diese umlaufend radial vorstehenden Elektrodenspitzen aufweist, wobei dann der Abstand der Elektrodenspitzen als kürzester Abstand maßgeblich und zu jeweils der nächstliegenden Abscheidefläche vorzugsweise einheitlich gleich groß ist.A preferred embodiment of the at least one disk-shaped corona discharge electrode is characterized in that it has circumferentially radially protruding electrode tips, the distance between the electrode tips then being decisive as the shortest distance and preferably uniformly the same to the closest deposition surface.
Die Abscheideflächen werden durch die Innenwandungsbereiche des Strömungskanals gebildet. Vorzugsweise sind dabei die Abscheideflächen im Strömungskanal geerdet (Nullpotential), während die mindestens eine Koronaentladungselektrode bevorzugt an eine vorzugsweise gemeinsame Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossen ist und durch diese mit einer Potentialdifferenz zum Nullpotential, vorzugsweise mit einem negativen Gleichspannungspotential beaufschlagt ist. Dabei sind das Gehäuse oder zumindest die Innenwandungen des Strömungskanals oder zumindest die Abscheideflächen elektrisch leitfähig bzw. leitfähig beschichtet.The separation surfaces are formed by the inner wall areas of the flow channel. The separation surfaces in the flow channel are preferably grounded (zero potential), while the at least one corona discharge electrode is preferably connected to a preferably common high-voltage source and through this has a potential difference to the zero potential, preferably a negative direct voltage potential. The housing or at least the inner walls of the flow channel or at least the separation surfaces are electrically conductive or coated in a conductive manner.
Die Abscheideflächen erstrecken sich in ihrer Gesamtheit grundsätzlich über alle elektrisch leitfähigen oder leitfähig beschichteten Innenwandungen des Strömungskanals, die elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind und hierdurch mit einem gleichen Potential zueinander beaufschlagt sind.The separation surfaces extend in their entirety basically over all electrically conductive or conductive coated inner walls of the flow channel, which are electrically connected to one another and are thereby subjected to the same potential to one another.
Grundsätzlich bildet die gesamte innere Oberfläche des elektrostatischen Abscheiders die Sammelfläche für Partikel: Partikel werden aus dem Gasstrom nach Durchlauf des Gaseinlasses und vor Erreichen des Koronaentladungsanordnung zunächst aufgrund gasdynamischer Phänomene als gasdynamischer und mechanischer Niederschlag an den Innenwandungen insbesondere des ersten Strömungskanalabschnitts abgeschieden. Mit Erreichen des Gasstroms der ersten Koronaentladungselektrode erfolgt die Abscheidung zunehmend elektrostatisch im Koronaentladungsfeld, wobei die Abscheidung der Partikel im Wesentlichen als Partikelablagerungen an den geerdeten Innenwandungsbereichen erfolgt. Diese Abscheidung wiederholt sich bei den der ersten Koronaentladungselektrode folgenden zweiten und ggf. weiteren Koronaentladungselektroden. An den Oberflächen der Koronaentladungselektroden ebenfalls findet Abscheidung statt (gasdynamische Effekte, mechanisches Sammeln und Sammeln unter dem Einfluss von elektrischem Wind). Dabei werden Partikel auch auf der nach oben weisenden Flächen der ersten und zweiten und ggf. folgenden weiteren scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektroden abgeschieden (gasdynamische Effekte, mechanische Ausfällung, teilweise elektrostatische Ausscheidung positiv geladener Partikel aus der Gasströmung auf der Oberfläche der Hochspannungselektrode mit negativer Polarität, Niederschlag durch elektrischen Wind). Im ebenfalls geerdeten Sammelbehälter werden Partikel auf der inneren Oberfläche abgeschieden. Diese Abscheidung erfolgt aufgrund von Raumladungseffekten mittels mechanischer Kräfte, thermophoretischer Kräfte, elektrischer Feldkräfte zwischen der inneren Oberfläche des Sammelbehälters und dem starren Träger zwischen den Koronaentladungselektroden. Die Innenwandungen des in Strömungsrichtung den Koronaentladungselektroden nachfolgenden zweiten Strömungskanalabschnitts erfolgt ferner unter dem Einfluss von Raumladungseffekten eine weitere Abscheidung von geladenen Partikeln.Basically, the entire inner surface of the electrostatic precipitator forms the collecting surface for particles: particles are released from the gas flow after passing through the gas inlet and prior to reaching the corona discharge arrangement, first deposited as a gas-dynamic and mechanical precipitate on the inner walls, in particular of the first flow channel section, due to gas-dynamic phenomena. When the gas flow reaches the first corona discharge electrode, the deposition takes place increasingly electrostatically in the corona discharge field, the particles being deposited essentially as particle deposits on the grounded inner wall areas. This deposition is repeated in the case of the second and possibly further corona discharge electrodes following the first corona discharge electrode. Deposition also takes place on the surfaces of the corona discharge electrodes (gas dynamic effects, mechanical collecting and collecting under the influence of electrical wind). In the process, particles are also deposited on the upward-facing surfaces of the first and second and, if applicable, subsequent disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes (gas-dynamic effects, mechanical precipitation, partially electrostatic separation of positively charged particles from the gas flow on the surface of the high-voltage electrode with negative polarity, electrical precipitation Wind). Particles are deposited on the inner surface of the collecting container, which is also earthed. This deposition takes place due to space charge effects by means of mechanical forces, thermophoretic forces, electrical field forces between the inner surface of the collecting container and the rigid support between the corona discharge electrodes. The inner walls of the second flow channel section following the corona discharge electrodes in the direction of flow also under the influence of space charge effects, a further separation of charged particles takes place.
Ein wesentlicher Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, die Abscheideflächen ganz oder teilweise, vorzugsweise zum überwiegenden Anteil durch Innenwandungen des Sammelbehälters zu bilden. Dies bedeutet, dass der Strömungskanal zumindest im Bereich der Koronaentladungsanordnung durch den Sammelbehälter geleitet wird oder diesen tangiert. Die Abscheideflächen oder ein Teil der Abscheideflächen erstrecken sich dabei auf die Innenwandung des Sammelbehälters, die somit einen Teil der vorgenannten Innenwandung des Strömungskanals bildet. Der Sammelbehälter und damit die Innenwandungen sind hierfür elektrisch leitfähig oder leitfähig beschichtet vorgenannten Innenwandung des Strömungskanals bildet. Der Sammelbehälter und damit die Innenwandungen sind hierfür elektrisch leitfähig oder leitfähig beschichtet.An essential basic idea of the invention is to completely or partially, preferably predominantly, cover the separation surfaces through inner walls of the collecting container form. This means that the flow channel is passed through the collecting container or is tangent to it at least in the area of the corona discharge arrangement. The separation surfaces or some of the separation surfaces extend onto the inner wall of the collecting container, which thus forms part of the aforementioned inner wall of the flow channel. For this purpose, the collecting container and thus the inner walls are electrically conductive or have a conductive coating and form the aforementioned inner wall of the flow channel. The collecting container and thus the inner walls are electrically conductive or coated for this purpose.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführung sieht zudem vor, mindestens eine der, vorzugsweise alle scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektroden im Sammelbehälter anzuordnen, d.h. sie sind nicht im Innern des Gehäuses angeordnet, sondern ragen zumindest zum Teil aus dem Gehäuse heraus und in den Sammelbehälter hinein.A preferred embodiment also provides for at least one of the, preferably all, disk-shaped corona discharge electrodes to be arranged in the collecting container, i. they are not arranged in the interior of the housing, but at least partially protrude from the housing and into the collecting container.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführung kennzeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass nur die Bereiche auf den Abscheideflächen mit den kürzesten Abstand zu einer der Elektroden aufweisen, ganz oder teilweise, vorzugsweise zum überwiegenden Anteil durch Innenwandungen des Sammelbehälters gebildet werden.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that only the areas on the separation surfaces with the shortest distance from one of the electrodes are entirely or partially, preferably predominantly, formed by inner walls of the collecting container.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführung kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass nur die Bereiche auf den Abscheideflächen mit den kürzesten Abstand zuzüglich maximal 50%, weiter bevorzugt 20%, weiter bevorzugt 10% des kürzesten Abstands zu einer der Elektroden aufweisen, ganz oder teilweise, vorzugsweise zum überwiegenden Anteil durch Innenwandungen des Sammelbehälters gebildet werden.Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that only the areas on the separation surfaces with the shortest distance plus a maximum of 50%, more preferably 20%, more preferably 10% of the shortest distance to one of the electrodes are wholly or partially, preferably predominantly are formed by inner walls of the collecting container.
Die mindestens eine Koronaentladungselektrode ist vorzugsweise durch, vorzugsweise nur durch eine starre Hochspannungsleitung im Strömungskanal fixiert und über diese an eine Hochspannungsquelle außerhalb des Gehäuses angeschlossen. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass nur wenn die Hochspannungsleitung und die elektrisch leitfähige Innenwandung des Strömungskanals gegeneinander isoliert sind, ein vorgenannter Potentialunterschied zwischen Koronaentladungselektrode und Innenwandung als Abscheideflächen überhaupt möglich ist.The at least one corona discharge electrode is preferably through, preferably only through a rigid high-voltage line fixed in the flow channel and connected via this to a high voltage source outside the housing. It goes without saying that only if the high-voltage line and the electrically conductive inner wall of the flow channel are insulated from one another is the aforementioned potential difference between the corona discharge electrode and the inner wall as separation surfaces possible at all.
Die starre Hochspannungsleitung endet an einer ersten Koronaentladungselektrode. Im Falle von mehreren Koronaentladungselektroden, die vorzugsweise in Strömungsrichtung im Strömungskanal hintereinander angeordnet sind, sind die Koronaentladungselektroden untereinander durch eine elektrisch leitfähige starre Verbindung, wie z.B. ein starrer Träger aus Metall miteinander verbunden.The rigid high-voltage line ends at a first corona discharge electrode. In the case of several corona discharge electrodes, which are preferably arranged one behind the other in the flow direction in the flow channel, the corona discharge electrodes are connected to one another by an electrically conductive rigid connection, e.g. a rigid metal beam connected to each other.
Die starre Hochspannungsleitung ist vorzugsweise axial im ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt, d.h. mit ihrem freien Ende nach unten ausgerichtet und weist dabei keinen elektrischen Kontakt zur Innenwandung auf. Weiter bevorzugt ist der Abstand von der Hochspannungsleitung zur Innenwandung abseits der mindestens Koronaentladungselektrode zur Vermeidung von Ablagerungen stets größer als der vorgenannte kürzeste Abstand des umlaufenden Rands der Koronaentladungselektrode zu jeweils der nächstliegenden Innenwandung.The rigid high voltage line is preferably axially in the first flow channel section, i. aligned with its free end downwards and has no electrical contact with the inner wall. The distance from the high-voltage line to the inner wall away from the at least corona discharge electrode to avoid deposits is also preferably greater than the aforementioned shortest distance between the circumferential edge of the corona discharge electrode and the closest inner wall.
Die Ausleitung der Hochspannungsleitung aus dem Strömungskanal erfolgt vorzugsweise über eine gasundurchlässige Hochspannungsdurchführung abseits dem Gaseintritt. Zur Reduzierung einer Verschmutzungsgefahr durch Ablagerungen aus dem zu reinigenden Rauchgas auf der Innenwandung und der Hochspannungsleitung der und damit einer grundsätzlich möglichen Kurzschlussgefahr ist die gasundurchlässige Hochspannungsdurchführung abseits dem Gaseintritt vorgesehen.The high-voltage line is led out of the flow channel preferably via a gas-impermeable high-voltage leadthrough away from the gas inlet. In order to reduce the risk of contamination by deposits from the flue gas to be cleaned on the inner wall and the high-voltage line and thus a basically possible risk of short-circuits, the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing is provided away from the gas inlet.
Vorzugsweise wird auch auf der Hochspannungsleitung im Strömungskanal selbst ein rohrförmiger elektrischer Isolator um die Hochspannungsleitung angeordnet. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich dieser Isolator von der gasundurchlässige Hochspannungsdurchführung bis kurz vor oder bis zur ersten Elektrode und isoliert dabei die Hochspannungsleitung von dem ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt elektrisch. Der rohrförmige elektrische Isolator dient dabei auch der Verbesserung der Betriebsstabilität des Abscheiders, der Verlängerung der Länge der Isolierfläche zwischen vorgenannter Abscheidungsfläche und Hochspannungsleitung sowie der Verringerung von elektrischen Leckströme.A tubular electrical insulator is preferably also arranged around the high-voltage line on the high-voltage line in the flow channel itself. This insulator preferably extends from the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing to shortly before or to the first electrode and electrically insulates the high-voltage line from the first flow channel section. The tubular electrical insulator also serves to improve the operational stability of the separator, to extend the length of the insulating surface between the aforementioned separation surface and high-voltage line, and to reduce electrical leakage currents.
Um einer Kurzschlussgefahr am Ende des Isolators vorzubeugen, wird im Rahmen einer Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen, den rohrförmigen elektrische Isolator so auszugestalten, dass dieser einen Innendurchmesser größer dem Außendurchmesser der starren Hochspannungsleitung aufweist. Zwischen Hochspannungsleitung und rohrförmigen Isolator entstehen so ein Spielmaß und damit ein umlaufender Spalt, wobei der rohrförmige elektrische Isolator dabei in vorteilhafter Weise an der gasundurchlässigen Hochspannungsdurchführung aufgehängt ist und der Spalt somit nur nach unten offen ist. Dieser Spalt, insbesondere dann, wenn dieser sich im laufenden Betrieb in der Spaltbreite verändert, erschwert grundsätzlich eine durchgehende Ablagerungsbeschichtung über den Übergang zwischen Isolator und Hochspannungsleitung über das offene Ende des Spalts hinweg. Vorzugsweise besteht der rohrförmige Isolator aus einen Schlauch aus einem elastischen oder biegeschlaffen Material, vorzugsweise einem Silikon, einem silikonhaltigen Material oder einem anderen temperaturbeständigen elastischen Werkstoff. Alternativ ist der rohrförmige Isolator in der vorgenannten Aufhängung elastisch fixierbar. Dies bewirkt in vorteilhafter Weise, dass der Isolator durch Anströmung mit Rauchgas relativ zur Hochspannungsleitung bewegt wird, dadurch sich der vorgenannte Spalt mit der Anströmung dynamisch ändert und sich mögliche Ablagerungen im und am Spalt sich lösen. Da die Hochspannungsleitung mit dem Isolator im ersten nach unten gerichteten Strömungskanalabschnitt von oben an der Hochspannungsdurchführung nach unten zum Spalt angeordnet ist, werden die gelösten Ablagerungen im Spalt allein schon durch die Schwerkraft aus dem Spalt nach unten herausbefördert und der Spalt dadurch stabilisiert.In order to prevent the risk of a short circuit at the end of the insulator, it is proposed within the scope of one embodiment to configure the tubular electrical insulator so that it has an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the rigid high-voltage line. Between the high-voltage line and the tubular insulator, there is thus a clearance and thus a circumferential gap, the tubular electrical insulator being advantageously suspended from the gas-impermeable high-voltage bushing and the gap thus only being open at the bottom. This gap, especially when the gap width changes during operation, fundamentally makes it difficult to achieve a continuous deposit coating over the transition between the insulator and the high-voltage line across the open end of the gap. The tubular insulator preferably consists of a hose made of an elastic or pliable material, preferably a silicone, a silicone-containing material or another temperature-resistant elastic material. Alternatively, the tubular insulator can be elastically fixed in the aforementioned suspension. This has the advantageous effect that the insulator is moved relative to the high-voltage line by the flow of flue gas, thereby causing the aforementioned to move The gap changes dynamically with the flow and possible deposits in and on the gap are loosened. Since the high-voltage line with the insulator is arranged in the first downward flow channel section from above at the high-voltage bushing down to the gap, the released deposits in the gap are carried downward out of the gap by gravity alone, thereby stabilizing the gap.
Der rohrförmige elektrische Isolator endet vorzugsweise mit einem vorgebbaren fixen Abstand vor Erreichen, d.h. über einer ersten der mindestens einen Koronaentladungselektrode. Dies verhindert, dass die auf der ersten der mindestens einen Koronaentladungselektrode abgeschiedenen Partikel als Schüttung nicht das untere Ende des Isolators erreichen und womöglich einen Kurzschluss oder einen Kriechstromweg verursachen. Diese Schüttung entsteht auf der nach oben weisenden Fläche der Koronaentladungselektrode, indem sich dort insbesondere aus dem Spalt oder direkt aus dem Rauchgas abgeführte Partikelmassen anlagern. Der genannte fixe Abstand entspricht vorzugsweise zwischen 10%, 20% oder 30% bis 50%, 70% oder 80% der maximalen Abmessung der ersten der mindestens einen scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektrode. Für elektrostatische Abscheider für Kleinfeuerungsanlagen, Öfen, Verbrennungsmotoren mit Abgasströmungsvolumina im Bereich zwischen 20 bis 300 m3/h liegt der fixe Abstand typischerweise zwischen 2 und 15 cm.The tubular electrical insulator preferably ends at a predeterminable fixed distance before it is reached, ie above a first of the at least one corona discharge electrode. This prevents the particles deposited on the first of the at least one corona discharge electrode from reaching the lower end of the insulator as bulk material and possibly causing a short circuit or a leakage current path. This bed is created on the upward-facing surface of the corona discharge electrode, in that there is accumulation of particle masses discharged from the gap or directly from the flue gas. Said fixed distance preferably corresponds to between 10%, 20% or 30% to 50%, 70% or 80% of the maximum dimension of the first of the at least one disk-shaped corona discharge electrode. For electrostatic separators for small combustion systems, ovens, internal combustion engines with exhaust gas flow volumes in the range between 20 and 300 m 3 / h, the fixed distance is typically between 2 and 15 cm.
Für den Betrieb des elektrostatischen Abscheiders für eine Rauchgasreinigung von Verbrennungsprozessen ist ein optionaler Temperatursensor für den Strömungskanal vorteilhaft. Je nach Rauchgastemperatur lässt sich die Rauchgasreinigung durch Beaufschlagen der mindestens einen Koronaentladungselektrode mit einer HV-Spannung aktivieren oder deaktivieren. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Temperaturerfassung durch mindestens einen Temperaturerfassungssensor im ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt oder am Gehäuse nahe des ersten Strömungskanalabschnitts.An optional temperature sensor for the flow channel is advantageous for operating the electrostatic separator for flue gas cleaning of combustion processes. Depending on the flue gas temperature, the flue gas cleaning can be activated or deactivated by applying an HV voltage to the at least one corona discharge electrode. Preferably the temperature is detected by at least one temperature detection sensor in the first flow channel section or on the housing near the first flow channel section.
Während des Betriebs des elektrostatischen Abscheiders besteht die Gefahr, dass sich an den Innenwänden des Strömungskanals insbesondere in der Anlaufphase vor Erreichen einer Betriebstemperatur zusätzlich kleinere Kondensatmengen insbesondere an noch kälteren Bereichen der Innenwandung bilden, die jedoch im laufenden stationären Betrieb durch das heiße Gas wieder verdampft werden und so die Prozessstabilität der elektrostatischen Abscheidung allenfalls nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigen. Lassen die Temperaturverhältnisse in den beiden Strömungskanalabschnitten eine Verdampfung nicht zu, fließen die Kondensate schwerkraftgetrieben nach vorzugsweise stufenlos und vertikal nach unten direkt in den Sammelbehälter. Es wird optional vorgeschlagen, die Hochspannung erst oberhalb von 50°C bis 70°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 60°C, gemessen mit dem Temperaturerfassungssensor im ersten Strömungskanalquerschnitt, auf die mindestens eine Koronaentladungselektrode durchzuschalten und so die elektrostatische Abscheidung zu aktivieren.During operation of the electrostatic precipitator, there is a risk that smaller amounts of condensate will form on the inner walls of the flow channel, especially in the start-up phase before an operating temperature is reached, in particular on even colder areas of the inner wall, which will, however, be evaporated again by the hot gas during ongoing stationary operation and thus only negligibly impair the process stability of the electrostatic deposition. If the temperature conditions in the two flow channel sections do not permit evaporation, the condensates flow, driven by gravity, preferably continuously and vertically downwards into the collecting container. It is optionally proposed that the high voltage only be switched through to the at least one corona discharge electrode above 50 ° C to 70 ° C, preferably above 60 ° C, measured with the temperature detection sensor in the first flow channel cross section, and thus activate the electrostatic separation.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen, den folgenden Figuren und Beschreibungen näher erläutert. Alle dargestellten Merkmale und deren Kombinationen sind nicht nur auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele und deren Ausgestaltungen begrenzt. Vielmehr sollen diese stellvertretend für weitere mögliche, aber nicht explizit als Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellte weitere Ausgestaltungen kombinierbar angesehen werden. Es zeigen
-
Fig.1a und b prinzipielle Ansichten von Ausführungsbeispielen für je einen elektrostatischen Abscheider mit einer Koronaentladeanordnung mit zwei scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektroden, bei der die Temperatur nahe der Hochspannungsdurchführung im Strömungskanal (Fig.1a ) oder am Gehäuse (Fig.1b ) ermittelt wird, -
Fig.2 eine sowie prinzipielle Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Anlehnung anFig.1a oder b (jedoch ohne Temperaturmessvorrichtung) mit abgenommen Sammelbehälter, -
Fig.3 eine Querschnittdarstellung der inFig.1a dargestellten Ausführungsform auf der Höhe des Gaseintritts und des Gasaustritts, -
Fig.4 eine beispielhafte Ausgestaltung eines starren Trägers mit den beiden Koronaentladungselektroden (nur angedeutet) im Bereich der Strömungsumlenkung der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäßFig.1a ,1b ,2 und3 sowie -
Fig.5 eine Detailansicht der Hochspannungsleitung im Bereich oberhalb der ersten Koronaentladungselektrode mit Ablagerungen von Partikeln.
-
Fig.1a and b basic views of exemplary embodiments for one electrostatic separator each with a corona discharge arrangement with two disc-shaped corona discharge electrodes, at which the temperature is close to the high-voltage feedthrough in the flow channel (Fig.1a ) or on the housing (Fig.1b ) is determined, -
Fig. 2 a and basic view of an embodiment based onFig.1a or b (but without temperature measuring device) with the collecting container removed, -
Fig. 3 a cross-sectional view of the inFig.1a the embodiment shown at the level of the gas inlet and gas outlet, -
Fig. 4 an exemplary configuration of a rigid carrier with the two corona discharge electrodes (only indicated) in the area of the flow deflection of the embodiments according to FIGFig.1a ,1b ,2 and3 such as -
Fig. 5 a detailed view of the high-voltage line in the area above the first corona discharge electrode with deposits of particles.
Die in
In der Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß
Zugunsten eine kompakten Aufbaus sind der ersten und der zweite Strömungskanalabschnitt 5 bzw. 7 parallel zueinander angeordnet, weiter bevorzugt vertikal parallel zueinander angeordnet.For the sake of a compact structure, the first and second
Ferner umfassen die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele je eine Koronaentladungsanordnung im Strömungskanal mit zwei scheibenförmigen Koronaentladungselektroden 9 und 10 sowie Abscheideflächen 11, geeignet für eine Ausbildung jeweils eines umlaufenden elektrischen Feldes 12 zwischen Koronaentladungselektrode und den Abscheideflächen. Wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den
Die Koronaentladungselektroden 9 und 10 sind wie insbesondere in
Die beiden Koronaentladungselektroden 9 und 10 weisen, wie in
Die beiden Koronaentladungselektroden 9 und 10 sind zudem, wie in
Ferner ist in den Figuren eine starre Hochspannungsleitung 15 axial im ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt 6 angeordnet, die sowohl als Trägerelement für die für eine Fixierung der Koronaentladungselektroden 9 und 10 im Strömungskanal als auch als elektrischer Anschluss dieser an eine Hochspannungsquelle 16 dient. Die Hochspannungsleitung wird durch eine Hochspannungsdurchführung 17 mit einem vorzugsweise keramischen Element 18, alternativ einem Glaselement als elektrischer Isolator zum Gehäuse 1 aus dem oberen Ende des ersten Strömungskanals 5 ausgeleitet und gehalten. Ferner ist um die Hochspannungsleitung eine elastische oder biegeschlaffe rohrförmige elektrische Isolierung, vorzugweise ein Silikonschlauch 19 vorgesehen, der einen größeren Innendurchmesser als der Außendurchmesser der Hochspannungsleitung unter Ausbildung eines ringförmigen Spaltes 21 aufweist. Das Schlauchende 20 des Silikonschlauchs 19 endet wie zuvor erläutert und in
Die Beaufschlagung der Koronaentladungelektroden durch die Hochspannungsquelle 16 erfolgt vorzugsweise temperaturgesteuert, wobei ein Potentialunterschied nur ab einer einstellbaren Betriebstemperatur eingespeist wird. Es wird vorgeschlagen, mindestens eine Temperaturerfassung im ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt 5 oberhalb des Gaseintritts 2 vorzunehmen. Dies erfolgt mittels eines Temperaturerfassungssensor 24 entweder punktuell, wie in
Eine Umströmung der elastischen oder biegeschlaffen rohrförmigen elektrischen Isolierung, vorzugweise des Silikonschlauches mit Rauchgas bewirkt in vorteilhafter Weise eine andauernde oder wiederkehrende Bewegung des Schlauchendes um die Hochspannungsleitung. Die damit einhergehenden ständigen Änderungen der Breite des Spaltes 21 im Bereich des Schlauchendes 20 führt zu einem Ablösen von Partikel von auf dem Schlauch und / oder Hochspannungsleitung abgeschiedenen Partikeln insbesondere im Spalt. Die abgelösten Partikel oder Partikelagglomerate fallen dann der Schwerkraft folgend auf die Oberseite der ersten Koronaentladungselektrode 9. A flow around the elastic or limp tubular electrical insulation, preferably the silicone hose, with flue gas advantageously causes a continuous or recurring movement of the hose end around the high-voltage line. The associated constant changes in the width of the
Insbesondere instationäre Strömungsanteile wie z.B. Turbulenzen um das Schlauchende führen zu dessen ständiger Bewegung. Insofern werden im Rahmen einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des ersten Strömungskanalabschnitts 5 dieser optional mit entsprechenden, in den Figuren nicht weiter dargestellten Strömungsstörquellen wie z.B. Leitblechen und/oder Abrisskanten versehen, in denen Turbulenzen lokal erzeugt werden und deren Strömungsnachlauf auf das Schlauchende 20, weiter bevorzugt nicht aber auf die vorgenannten elektrischen Felder 12 um die ersten Koronaentladungselektrode 9 erstreckt.In particular, unsteady flow components such as turbulence around the hose end lead to its constant movement. In this respect, within the scope of a preferred embodiment of the first
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des vorgenannten kompakten Aufbaus sieht ein Gehäuse 1 vor, das ein zylinderförmiges Innenvolumen einschließt (vgl.
Der Sammelbehälter ist an die untere Öffnung des Gehäuses ansetzbar und beispielsweise mit einem Bajonettanschluss oder mit Spannschellen arretierbar. Zur Vermeidung von einem Austritt von Rauchgas zwischen Gehäuse und Sammelbehälter ist ein aufeinander angepasstes Dichtflächenpaar optional ein dort separater umlaufender Dichtring vorgesehen. In einer ersten Ausgestaltung sind der Sammelbehälter und das Gehäuse, zumindest deren Innenwandungen, die den Strömungskanal bilden, mit dem gleichen elektrischen Potential wie das Gehäuse, vorzugsweise mit Erd- oder Nullpotential beaufschlagt. In einer weiteren optionalen Ausgestaltung sind der Sammelbehälter und das Gehäuse mit einem unterschiedlichen elektrischen Potential beaufschlagt, womit unterschiedliche elektrostatische Anziehungskräfte zu den jeweiligen Innenwandungen von Gehäuse, d.h. ersten oder zweiten Strömungskanalabschnitt, und Sammelbehälter, d.h. im Bereich der Strömungsumlenkung realisierbar sind.The collecting container can be attached to the lower opening of the housing and can be locked, for example, with a bayonet connection or with clamps. To prevent flue gas from escaping between the housing and the collecting container, a pair of sealing surfaces adapted to one another is optionally provided with a separate encircling sealing ring there. In a first embodiment, the collecting container and the housing, at least their inner walls, which form the flow channel, have the same electrical potential as the housing, preferably earth or zero potential. In a further optional embodiment, the collecting container and the housing have a different electrical potential applied to them, with which different electrostatic attractive forces to the respective inner walls of the housing, i.e. first or second flow channel section, and sump, i.e. can be implemented in the area of flow deflection.
In den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ragen die Trennwand 14 sowie erstrecken sich der erste und der zweite Strömungskanalabschnitt 5 bzw. 7 von oben in den Sammelbehälter 8 hinein, während der Bereich der Strömungsumlenkung 6 unterhalb der Trennwand 14 im Sammelbehälter vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist in den beiden Strömungskanalabschnitten beidseitig der Trennwand im Sammelbehälter je eine Koronaentladungselektrode angeordnet, die beidseitig der Trennwand angeordnet ebenfalls in den Sammelbehälter hineinragen. Damit verschiebt sich der Bereich der Innenwandung des Strömungskanals, der den Koronaentladungselektroden am nächsten liegt, an das untere Teil der Trennwand und wie dieser ebenfalls in den Sammelbehälter.In the illustrated embodiments, the
Damit wird zumindest ein Teil der Abscheideflächen zu den Innenwandungen des Sammelbehälters verschoben, womit in vorteilhafter Weise die Partikelablagerungen direkt in den Sammelbehälter erfolgen und sind mit diesem direkt aus dem elektrostatischen Abscheider entnehmbar. Außerdem sind nach einem Abnehmen des Sammelbehälters die Koronaentladungselektroden für eine Reinigung, beispielsweise von Ablagerungen im Bereich der Hochspannungsleitung, zugänglich.In this way, at least some of the separation surfaces are shifted towards the inner walls of the collecting container, whereby the particle deposits advantageously take place directly in the collecting container and can be removed with this directly from the electrostatic separator. In addition, after the collection container has been removed, the corona discharge electrodes are accessible for cleaning, for example of deposits in the area of the high-voltage line.
- 11
- Gehäusecasing
- 22
- GaseinlassGas inlet
- 33
- GasauslassGas outlet
- 44th
- StrömungsrichtungDirection of flow
- 55
- erster Strömungskanalabschnittfirst flow channel section
- 66th
- StrömungsumlenkungFlow deflection
- 77th
- zweiter Strömungskanalabschnittsecond flow channel section
- 88th
- SammelbehälterCollection container
- 99
- erste Koronaentladungselektrodefirst corona discharge electrode
- 1010
- zweite Koronaentladungselektrodesecond corona discharge electrode
- 1111
- AbscheideflächenSeparation surfaces
- 1212
- umlaufendes elektrisches Feldrotating electric field
- 1313
- starrer Trägerrigid beam
- 1414th
- Trennwandpartition wall
- 1515th
- HochspannungsleitungHigh voltage line
- 1616
- HochspannungsquelleHigh voltage source
- 1717th
- HochspannungsdurchführungHigh voltage bushing
- 1818th
- keramisches Elementceramic element
- 1919th
- SilikonschlauchSilicone hose
- 2020th
- SchlauchendeHose end
- 2121st
- Spaltgap
- 2222nd
- PartikelschüttungParticle pouring
- 2323
- PartikelablagerungParticle deposition
- 2424
- TemperaturerfassungssensorTemperature detection sensor
- 2525th
- ElektrodenspitzenElectrode tips
Claims (19)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
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DE102019105776.0A DE102019105776A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2019-03-07 | Electrostatic separator for cleaning flue gases |
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CN115007313A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-06 | 李亮 | Horizontal electrostatic dust collector capable of preventing air return and implementation method thereof |
CN117283905A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江跃发新材料有限公司 | Plastic packaging bag surface local corona production process |
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DE102020133670A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Electrostatic precipitator for cleaning and disinfecting gases |
DE102021125149A1 (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-30 | Karl Schräder Nachf. Inh. Karl-Heinz Schräder e. K. | flue gas cleaning device |
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