Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R27/00—Public address systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
  • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
  • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
  • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
  • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
  • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
  • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
  • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
  • H04R1/2819—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type for loudspeaker transducers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
  • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
  • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a spatial arrangement of sound diffusion devices for a performance stage such as the stage of a concert hall or outdoor festival.
• a vertical stack 3 of M acoustic speakers is disposed to the left G of the scene 1 and the same stack 3 is disposed to the right of the scene 1, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
• these vertical groups of speakers are suspended on the left G and right D of the scene 1 while remaining generally in the width L of the scene.
• This stereo arrangement 10 also includes two identical sets 4 of subwoofers, one arranged on the left G and the other on the right D of the stage frame under the loudspeaker stackings 3, each set 4 comprising a number Y of subwoofers, Y being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
• These sets of subwoofers 4 can be raised or placed on the ground, or distributed along a collinear line to the scene 1, on the ground where the audience 2 is located.
• the stereo arrangement 10 as described in Figure 1a is adapted to broadcast two audio signals, identical or different.
• Spatialization means to be able to locate, in space, the zone of emission of a specific sound like that emitted by a musical instrument located on stage 1.
• a sound source whose emission is captured, amplified and then restored by an arrangement of sound devices, we speak of "good spatialization" when there is a concordance between the zone of the space where the sound source and the zone of the space where the listener perceives the sound emission of this same source.
• the intensity stereophony makes it possible to modify the spatialization of the source by varying the intensity of the signal scattered by the stack 3 on the left and / or the intensity of the signal scattered by the stack 3 on the right.
• the equivalent source can then be spatialised between the two stack 3 of loudspeakers.
• spatialization works well for listeners located on the mediator. For listeners outside the mediator, spatialization is bad.
• the interference phenomenon is much less marked and it is also possible to spatialize two sources at two different points. Since interference is no longer a problem (in the extreme case where each stack of loudspeakers 3 reproduces a specific audio signal), the sound engineer will seek to maximize the common coverage area of the two loudspeaker stacks 3. so listeners can hear both the broadcast audio by the stack 3 on the right and the audio signal broadcast by the stack 3 on the left. Listeners positioned outside the common coverage area will not hear the two audio signals but any of the audio signals broadcast by the left or right speaker loudspeaker stacks.
• Figure 1b shows a view from above of a theater equipped with the stereo arrangement 10 of Figure 1a broadcasting an identical audio signal to the left and right of the scene 1.
• the sound spatialization quality is represented in light gray for the zone of good spatialization ZBS corresponding to the zone near the perpendicular bisector 5, in dark gray for the zone where the quality of the spatialization is average ZMS and blank the zone where the quality of the spatialization is low ZFS and where the listener does not perceive all the stacks 3 of loudspeakers.
• Figure 1c represents the sound level generated by the left and right G sound diffusion points of the stereo arrangement 10 illustrated in Figure 1a, over a frequency range from 20 Hz to 63 Hz. This figure shows the typical sound level losses of an interferential zone. The sound quality is strongly degraded.
• each source can be reproduced by a single localized diffusion point closest to it.
• the sound is emitted in coherence with the physical position of the source, we say that we have a good localization.
• this reproduction is mainly made from a diffusion point, the sound quality is optimal since it is free of interference.
• the invention relates to a spatial arrangement of sound diffusion devices for a scene, the spatial arrangement being adapted to broadcast a spatialized sound signal, the spatialized sound signal comprising N signals audio distinct from each other, N being an integer strictly greater than 3, the spatial arrangement comprising a set of N sound diffusion devices mainly distributed over the entire width of the scene, each sound broadcasting device receiving an audio signal, the sound diffusion devices being adapted to amplify and broadcast the audio signals, characterized in that each sound diffusion device is specifically adapted to reproduce and preserve the audio signals; characteristics of the received audio signal including the sound frequency bands, and the loudness of the frequency bands of the audio signal.
• the sound diffusion devices are at least two different types by their acoustic characteristics, and one defines at least one central zone on the stage, and at least two lateral zones, the central zone comprising at least two sound diffusion devices according to a first type and each of the lateral zones comprising at least one sound diffusion device according to a second type.
• the sound diffusion devices are globally aligned with the stage frame and located above the stage, usually mounted on standard supporting structures used in concert halls.
• the spatial arrangement further comprises a third type of sound diffusion device, this third type of sound diffusion device being adapted to broadcast the bass and sub-bass sounds transmitted by the audio signal (s) received by the broadcasting devices the third type;
• the diffusion devices of the third type are located in the central zone;
• o X sound diffusion devices of the first type in the central zone including an amount of 2M / X loudspeakers or less, X being an integer greater than or equal to 2, and a number less than or equal to 2Y of sub-bass loudspeakers for constituting the third type of sound diffusion devices in order to replace a stereo arrangement comprising a first vertical stack of M acoustic speakers on the left of the stage, a second vertical stack of M acoustic speakers to the right of the scene identical to the first stack and two identical sets each comprising Y sub-bass acoustic speakers, one of the sets being disposed to the left of the scene and the other set to the right, M and Y being two integers greater than or equal to 1.
• sound diffusion devices of the second type deliver an intrinsic maximum sound power inferior or equal to that of the first type of sound diffusion devices in the medium / acute bands;
• sound diffusion devices of the second type deliver an intrinsic maximum sound power of at least 2dB lower than that of sound diffusion devices of the first type in the low frequency band.
• the invention relates to a method for determining an optimized spatial arrangement of sound broadcasting devices for a scene to replace a stereo arrangement
• the stereo arrangement comprising a first vertical stack of M acoustic speakers to the left of the scene and a second vertical stack of M acoustic speakers to the right of the scene identical to the first stack, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1,
• the optimized spatial arrangement comprising N sound diffusion devices, and the spatial arrangement being adapted to broadcast a spatialized sound signal, the spatialized sound signal comprising N distinct audio signals from each other, N being an integer strictly greater than 3; the spatialized sound signal being derived from a sound creation process performed upstream of the broadcast, each sound broadcasting device receiving an audio signal, the sound broadcasting devices being adapted to amplify and broadcast the audio signals, the method comprising:
• a selection step in which the sound diffusion devices are selected so as to have at least two different types by their acoustic characteristics
• a step of setting up the sound diffusion devices in which a number X of sound diffusion devices of the first type are arranged in the central zone comprising a quantity equal to or less than 2M / X acoustic loudspeakers, X being a higher integer or equal to 2, and a number NX of sound diffusion devices of the second type are arranged in the lateral zones.
• the stereo arrangement also includes two identical sets each comprising Y sub-bass loudspeakers, one set being arranged to the left of the scene and the other set to the right, Y being an integer greater than or equal to 1, the method is advantageously arranged as follows:
• the sound diffusion devices are selected so as to also have a third type different from the first and second types by its acoustic characteristics
• a number less than or equal to 2Y of sub-bass loudspeakers for constituting the sound diffusion devices of the third type are arranged in the central zone.
• FIG. 1a shows a conventional stereo arrangement
• FIGS. 1b and 1c show a view from above of a conventional stereo arrangement broadcasting an identical audio signal in each of the left and right acoustic loudspeaker stacks according to FIG. the quality of the spatialization of the sound diffused by the sound diffusion points, and the sound level generated by the sound diffusion points over a frequency range going from 20 Hz to 63 Hz;
• FIGS. 2a and 2b show a spatial arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3a represents a spatial arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention and FIG. 3b represents the response curve in dB SPL (Sound Pressure Lifted!) as a function of the frequency of the different types of sound diffusion devices employed. in the spatial arrangement of Figure 3a;
• FIG. 4 represents a spatial arrangement according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS. 5 and 6 represent the amplitude in dBu of different musical instruments (or sound sources);
• FIG. 7 represents the distribution of the energy in dBu of seven spatialized audio signals
• FIG. 8a shows a stereo arrangement and FIG. 8b shows a spatial arrangement according to a fourth embodiment of the invention which aims to replace the stereo arrangement of FIG. 8a;
• Fig. 9a shows a stereo arrangement
• Fig. 9b shows a space arrangement according to a variant of the fourth embodiment of the invention which aims to replace the stereo arrangement of Fig. 9a;
• FIGS. 10 and 11 represent spatial arrangements according to a fifth and a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS. 12a to 12c show various diagrams of a method for determining a spatial arrangement according to the invention for the purpose of replacing a stereo arrangement
• stage frame designates the space defined by the area occupied by the scene and the space above it.
• spatialized sound signal corresponds to a sound signal constituted so as to restore a spatial impression in the listening area when it is returned and broadcast.
• an audio signal may contain the spatialized sound of several instruments that will be retransmitted by the sound distribution device to which the audio signal is connected.
• Signals from multiple sound sources may be combined to recreate a spatial sound stage to be broadcast by a particular arrangement (position only) of the sound delivery devices defined upon generation of their audio signals.
• a "sound diffusion device” When a “sound diffusion device” is used, it may consist of one or more sources or loudspeakers whose frequency ranges or bands may be identical or different.
• a high frequency band, HF covers the highest frequencies corresponding to so-called high-pitched sounds, typically a 1 kHz - 20 kHz interval.
• a medium frequency band, MF covers intermediate frequencies, typically 200Hz - 1kHz.
• a low frequency band, BF covers the low frequencies corresponding to so-called bass sounds, typically a 60Hz - 200Hz interval.
• a very low frequency band corresponding to so-called sub-bass or sub-bass sounds, TBF optional covers the lowest frequencies, typically frequencies below 60Hz.
• Figure 2a illustrates a first embodiment according to the invention of a spatial arrangement 1000 of sound diffusion devices 100 for a scene 1.
• Scene 1 may be a scene of the type found in concert halls or at outdoor festivals. Typically, this kind of scene has a width between 10 m and 40 m, and a depth of between 5 m and 40 m.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 is adapted to broadcast a spatialized sound signal comprising N audio signals distinct from each other, that is to say different from the audio information they contain, N being a number Integer strictly greater than 3.
• N a number Integer strictly greater than 3.
• the current stereo systems like the one illustrated previously in Figure 1a, include only two audio signals, one for the left diffusion point G and the other for the right-hand D. D. Subwoofers can receive a dedicated signal.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 comprises a set of N sound diffusion devices 100 mainly distributed over the entire width of the scene 1.
• Each sound distribution device 100 receives an audio signal, the sound diffusion devices 100 being adapted to amplify and broadcast the received audio signals.
• each sound diffusion device 100 is specifically adapted to reproduce and preserve the characteristics of the music. or received audio signals including the sound frequency bands, and the loudness of the frequency bands of the transmitted sound.
• the sound diffusion devices 100 In order to be closer to conventional spatial configurations where the density of instruments is greater in the center of the stage 1, it is advantageous for the sound diffusion devices 100 to be at least of two different types A and B. by their acoustic characteristics including their maximum intrinsic sound power, and define at least one central zone ZC on the stage 1, and at least two lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2, such that the central zone ZC comprises at least two sound diffusion devices 100 according to a first type A and such that each of the lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2 comprises at least one sound diffusion device according to a second type B, as illustrated in FIG. 2b.
• the sound diffusion devices 100 of the second type B can deliver:
• Figure 3a shows a spatial arrangement 1000 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• three sound diffusion devices 100 of the first type A are arranged in the central zone ZC of the scene 1 and each lateral zone ZL1 and ZL2 comprises a sound diffusion device 100 of the second type B.
• Figure 3b shows the response curve in dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level) as a function of the frequency of a sound diffusion device 100 of the first type A and that of a sound diffusion device 100 of the second type B
• the Type B sound diffusion device 100 has substantially the same gain as the Type A sound diffusion device 100 above 300 Hz, 8 dB less at 100 Hz and 22 dB lower at 50 Hz, which not only a lower intensity in the lower frequencies, but also a smaller bandwidth.
• the sound diffusion devices 100 are generally aligned with the frame of the scene 1 and located above the scene 1. This allows on the one hand to limit the visual imprint of the sound devices 100 in the context of the scene 1, but above all it allows not to expose the people closest to the scene 1 to too high sound pressure levels.
• Figure 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 further comprises a third type C of sound diffusion devices 100, different from the first and second types A and B.
• This third type C of sound diffusion devices 100 is adapted to broadcast the bass and sub-bass sounds transmitted by the audio signal or signals received by the diffusion devices 100 of the third type C.
• the third type C scattering devices are located in the central zone ZC.
• the density of instruments is more important in the center. But these instruments typically require more resources, more specifically in the bass / sub-bass. The frequency content of the signals of these instruments is generally more pronounced in the bass.
• Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the amplitude in dBu of some instruments, that is the amplitude of the sounds associated with such instruments before the spatialization step (ie before creation of the spatialized audio signals) .
• the spatial arrangement 1000 comprises X sound diffusion devices 100 of the first type A in the central zone ZC so that these sound diffusion devices 100 of the first type A include an amount less than or equal to 2M / X loudspeakers, X being an integer greater than or equal to 2.
• the stereo arrangement 10 comprises two identical sets 4 each comprising Y subwoofers 4, one of the sets 4 being arranged on the left of the stage and the other set 4 on the right, Y being an integer greater than or equal to 1, the spatial arrangement 1000 may furthermore comprise a number less than or equal to 2Y of subwoofers for constitute the sound diffusion devices 100 of the third type C.
• FIG. 8a shows a conventional stereo arrangement 10.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 also includes 24 subwoofers (ie where the number of subwoofers is 2Y) constituting four third-type C sound diffusion devices.
• third type C are arranged in the central zone ZC, above the stage and behind the first type A scattering devices.
• this spatial arrangement 1000 also comprises two second type B sound diffusion devices located in the lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2.
• FIG. 9a shows a conventional stereo arrangement 10.
• Figure 9b shows a variant of the fourth embodiment of the invention for replacing the stereo arrangement 10 of Figure 9a.
• the lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2 each comprise a sound diffusion device of the second type B and consisting here of 12 loudspeakers.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 also comprises 12 subwoofers constituting two sound diffusion devices of the third type C. These sound diffusion devices 100 of the third type C are arranged in the central zone ZC, above the stage and behind the first type A scattering devices.
• Figure 10 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• each comprises a sound diffusion device 100 of the second type B and a sound diffusion device of a fourth type E.
• This fourth type E of sound diffusion devices is generally of lower power and diffuse less serious sounds than sound diffusion devices of the second type B. Indeed, the musical instruments being rather concentrated in the center of the scene 1, the more one deviates from the center of the scene 1 minus the sound diffusion devices 100 need to be powerful and / or sized to diffuse serious sounds.
• two additional lateral zones ZL3 and ZL4 are defined in which the fourth type E diffusion devices are positioned.
• the spatial arrangement 1000 comprises three sound diffusion devices of the first type A in the central zone ZC and two sound diffusion devices of the third type C located this time in front of the devices.
• the first and the second lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2 each comprise a second type B sound diffusion device.
• the distribution of the energy in dBu of seven spatialized audio signals previously presented in FIG. 7 could be quite applicable.
• the audio signals numbered from 3 to 5 in Figure 7 would be connected to the sound diffusion devices of the first type A, those numbered 2 and 6 would be connected to the sound diffusion devices of the second type B and those numbered 1 and 7 would be connected to the fourth type E sound diffusion devices.
• An embodiment of the invention relates in a second step to a method for determining an optimized spatial arrangement 1000 of sound scattering devices 100 for a scene 1, as previously described, to replace a stereo arrangement 10.
• the stereo arrangement 10 comprises a first vertical stack 3 of M acoustic speakers to the left of the scene and a second vertical stack 3 of M acoustic speakers to the right of the scene identical to the first stack 3, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and wherein the optimized spatial arrangement 1000 comprises N sound diffusion devices 100, the spatial arrangement 1000 being adapted to broadcast a spatialized sound signal, the spatialized sound signal comprising N distinct audio signals from each other; other (ie different from the audio information they contain), N being an integer strictly greater than 3, the spatialized sound signal being derived from a sound creation process performed upstream of the broadcast, each sound diffusion 100 receiving an audio signal, the sound diffusion devices 100 being adapted to amplify and broadcast the audio signals, the method comprises mainly three steps, as shown in Figures 12a to 12c.
• the first step S100 is a selection step in which the sound diffusion devices 100 are selected so as to have at least two different types A and B by their acoustic characteristics including their intrinsic maximum sound power;
• the second step S200 is a step of cutting the entire width of the scene 1 in which at least one central zone ZC is defined, and at least two lateral zones ZL1, ZL2.
• steps S100 and S200 can be successive or run in parallel, the latter being independent of one another.
• the third step S300 is a step of setting up the sound diffusion devices 100 in which a number X of sound diffusion devices of the first type A are arranged in the central zone ZC. These sound diffusion devices 100 of the first type A comprise an amount less than or equal to 2M / X loudspeakers, X being an integer greater than or equal to 2. In addition, a number NX of sound diffusion devices 100 of the second type B are arranged in the lateral zones ZL1 and ZL2.
• the stereo arrangement 10 also comprises two identical sets 4 each comprising Y subwoofers, one of the sets 4 being arranged on the left of the scene 1 and the other set 4 on the right, Y being a integer greater than or equal to 1, the method is thus modified:
• the sound diffusion devices 100 are selected so as to also have a third type C different from the first and second types A and B by its acoustic characteristics;
• a number less than or equal to 2Y of subwoofers are arranged in the central zone ZC to constitute the sound diffusion devices of the third type C are arranged in the central zone ZC.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Stereophonic System (AREA)
• Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-10-23 FR FR1760006A patent/FR3072840B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-10-23 WO PCT/FR2018/052636 patent/WO2019081848A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2018-10-23 BR BR112020007635-0A patent/BR112020007635A2/pt unknown
  • 2018-10-23 CN CN201880069235.2A patent/CN111264065B/zh active Active
  • 2018-10-23 JP JP2020521349A patent/JP7288437B2/ja active Active
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