EP3700296A1 - Heizer - Google Patents

Heizer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3700296A1
EP3700296A1 EP19207350.0A EP19207350A EP3700296A1 EP 3700296 A1 EP3700296 A1 EP 3700296A1 EP 19207350 A EP19207350 A EP 19207350A EP 3700296 A1 EP3700296 A1 EP 3700296A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular portion
coating
refractive index
coil
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19207350.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Masaaki TAKATSUKA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp filed Critical Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp
Publication of EP3700296A1 publication Critical patent/EP3700296A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0071—Heating devices using lamps for domestic applications
    • H05B3/008—Heating devices using lamps for domestic applications for heating of inner spaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to a heater.
  • a heater for heating an object by radiant heat There is a heater for heating an object by radiant heat. Such a heater emits light in a visible light region to the outside when heat is generated. For this reason, for example, when such a heater is used for space heating, etc., it is required to prevent a user from being dazzled, which is a so-called anti-glare property.
  • a heater in which a coating that hardly transmits visible light is provided on an outer surface of a bulb.
  • the coating easily transmits an infrared ray and hardly transmits visible light.
  • a technology is proposed to use a superposed film, in which a low refractive index film and a high refractive index film are alternately superposed, as the coating.
  • a coil that is a heating element and an anchor that supports the coil are provided inside the bulb. Since the anchor supports the coil, one end side of the anchor is in contact with the coil, and the other end side is in contact with an inner wall of the bulb. For this reason, heat generated in the coil is transmitted to the bulb through the anchor, and the heat transmitted to the bulb is transmitted to the coating.
  • the high refractive index film provided in the coating contains a metal such as iron, discoloration of the coating may occur when a temperature of the coating becomes excessively high.
  • a heater of higher power is demanded. For example, when the heater has 2,000 W (watts) or more, there is concern that discoloration of the coating is likely to occur.
  • a heater includes a tubular portion, a coil which is provided inside the tubular portion and extends along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and a coating which is provided on an outer surface of the tubular portion and in which a first film and a second film having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the first film are alternately superposed.
  • a gas containing krypton as a main component or a gas containing xenon as a main component is sealed inside the tubular portion.
  • a heater 1 according to the present embodiment can heat an object and a space where the object is placed.
  • the heater 1 can be used in a heating device that heats a space such as a store.
  • the use of the heater 1 is not limited to the example illustrated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view for illustrating the heater 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 a coating 50 is not illustrated.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heater 1 of FIG. 2 in a direction of a B-B line.
  • a bulb 10 As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a bulb 10, a filament 20, a metal foil 30, a lead 40, and the coating 50 can be provided in the heater 1.
  • the bulb 10 can include a tubular portion 11, a sealing portion 12, a protrusion 13, and a dimple 14.
  • the bulb 10 can be configured by integrally forming the tubular portion 11, the sealing portion 12, the protrusion 13, and the dimple 14.
  • the bulb 10 can be formed from, for example, quartz glass.
  • the bulb 10 can be formed from, for example, quartz glass that is transparent, that is, not colored.
  • the tubular portion 11 can have, for example, a cylindrical shape.
  • the tubular portion 11 can have a form in which a total length L (length in a tube axis direction) is longer than a tube outer diameter D which is an outer diameter of the tubular portion 11.
  • the total length L of the tubular portion 11 can be referred to as an effective light emission length.
  • a tube wall load of an inner wall of the tubular portion 11 becomes excessively high, a temperature of the tubular portion 11 becomes excessively high.
  • the tubular portion 11 may be deformed or durability of the tubular portion 11 may be lowered.
  • the tube outer diameter D and the total length L (effective light emission length) of the tubular portion 11 can be appropriately determined so as not to exceed a predetermined tube wall load depending on the power of the heater 1.
  • the tube outer diameter D can be set to about 12 mm
  • the total length L (effective light emission length) can be set to about 280 mm.
  • Gas can be sealed in an internal space of the tubular portion 11.
  • the gas can be sealed to inhibit heat generated in the coil 21 from being transmitted to the tubular portion 11.
  • the gas is preferably a gas having a low heat conductivity.
  • the gas can correspond to, for example, xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr), a gas mixture of krypton, nitrogen gas, etc.
  • Xe xenon
  • Kr krypton
  • nitrogen gas etc.
  • a ratio of krypton can be 90% or more.
  • xenon it is possible to effectively inhibit the heat generated in the coil 21 from being transmitted to the tubular portion 11.
  • krypton or the gas mixture of krypton and nitrogen gas is used, a manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • the gas can contain a halogen substance such as bromine or iodine.
  • a halogen substance such as bromine or iodine.
  • a small amount of dibromomethane (CH 2 Br 2 ), etc. can be included in the aforementioned xenon, krypton, etc.
  • a gas mainly containing krypton or a gas mainly containing xenon can be sealed in the tubular portion 11.
  • a gas pressure (sealing pressure) at 25°C in the internal space of the tubular portion 11 can be set to, for example, a pressure range from 0.6 bar (60 kPa) to 0.9 bar (90 kPa).
  • the gas pressure (sealing pressure) at 25°C in the internal space of the tubular portion 11 can be obtained from a standard state of gas (standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP): temperature 25°C, 1 bar).
  • the sealing portion 12 can be provided at both ends of the tubular portion 11 in the tube axis direction. By providing sealing portions 12 at both ends of the tubular portion 11, the internal space of the tubular portion 11 can be hermetically sealed.
  • a pair of sealing portions 12 can be formed by crushing both ends of the heated tubular portion 11.
  • the pair of sealing portions 12 can be formed using a pinch seal method or a shrink seal method.
  • a plate-like sealing portion 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 can be formed.
  • a cylindrical sealing portion 12 can be formed.
  • the protrusion 13 can be provided on an outer surface of the tubular portion 11.
  • the protrusion 13 can be provided to exhaust the internal space of the tubular portion 11 or introduce the gas into the internal space of the tubular portion 11 when the heater 1 is manufactured.
  • the protrusion 13 can be formed by burning off a tube formed from quartz glass after exhaust and gas introduction.
  • the dimple 14 can be formed by locally projecting the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • the dimple 14 can be formed by heating the tubular portion 11 and locally pressing the outer surface of the tubular portion 11. For this reason, the outer surface of the tubular portion 11 at a position where the dimple 14 is formed is recessed toward the inside of the tubular portion 11.
  • the dimple 14 protrudes from the inner wall of the tubular portion 11 into the tubular portion 11 and can come into contact with an anchor 23.
  • the dimple 14 can be provided to regulate a position of the anchor 23. Since the dimple 14 protrudes toward the inside of the tubular portion 11, the internal dimension of the tubular portion 11 at the position where the dimple 14 is formed is smaller than the internal dimension (inner diameter) of the tubular portion 11 at a position where the dimple 14 is not formed. For this reason, the anchor 23 can be held by the dimple 14.
  • a pair of dimples 14 facing each other can be provided in a tube diameter direction, and the anchor 23 can be held by the pair of dimples 14.
  • the plurality of dimples 14 can be provided in the tube axis direction.
  • the dimples 14 can be provided for each of the plurality of anchors 23, or the dimples 14 can be provided at a predetermined interval.
  • a pair of dimples 14 is provided for three anchors 23.
  • the number and arrangement of the dimples 14 can be changed as appropriate according to the total length L of the tubular portion 11, the number of anchors 23, etc. Further, depending on the total length L of the tubular portion 11, the number of anchors 23, etc., the dimple 14 can be omitted. That is, the dimple 14 may be provided as necessary.
  • the filament 20 can have the coil 21, a leg 22, and the anchor 23.
  • the coil 21 and the leg 22 can be integrally formed.
  • the coil 21 and the leg 22 can be formed from, for example, tungsten, etc.
  • the coil 21 can have a spiral shape.
  • the coil 21 can be formed by, for example, winding a tungsten wire in a spiral shape.
  • a general shape of the coil 21 can be a cylindrical shape.
  • the coil 21 can be provided in the internal space of the tubular portion 11.
  • the coil 21 can be formed by extending a central region of the tubular portion 11 along the tube axis of the tubular portion 11. The coil 21 generates heat when electric conduction is performed and can emit light including an infrared ray.
  • the leg 22 is provided at each of ends on both sides of the coil 21.
  • the leg 22 has a linear shape and can extend from the end of the coil 21 along the tube axis of the tubular portion 11.
  • One end of the leg 22 is connected to the end of the coil 21 in the internal space of the tubular portion 11, and the other end is connected to the metal foil 30 inside the sealing portion 12.
  • the vicinity of the end of the leg 22 can be laser-welded with the metal foil 30.
  • the leg 22 may be used as a part that supplies power to the coil 21.
  • the anchor 23 can be provided in the internal space of the tubular portion 11.
  • the one end 23a side of the anchor 23 can be provided on the outer surface of the coil 21.
  • the end 23a side of the anchor 23 can be wound around the outer surface of the coil 21 several times.
  • the end 23a side of the anchor 23 can have a spiral shape.
  • the other end 23b side of the anchor 23 can be brought into contact with the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • the end 23b side of the anchor 23 can have a curved shape along the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • the anchor 23 can be used as a support member that supports the coil 21 against the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • the anchor 23 can be formed from, for example, tungsten, etc.
  • the anchor 23 can be formed, for example, by bending a tungsten wire.
  • the coil 21, the leg 22, and the anchor 23 can be integrally formed from the same wire.
  • a wire diameter of the anchor 23 can be made smaller than a wire diameter of the coil 21. In this way, it is possible to inhibit heat generated in the coil 21 from being transmitted to the tubular portion 11 via the anchor 23.
  • the wire diameter of the anchor 23 can be set to 0.35 mm or less.
  • the coil 21 can be positioned in the central region of the internal space of the tubular portion 11. For this reason, it is possible to inhibit the coil 21 from fully coming into contact with or fully coming close to the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • at least one anchor 23 can be provided.
  • the plurality of anchors 23 can be provided at an equal interval at a predetermined pitch, or the plurality of anchors 23 can be provided at an arbitrary pitch.
  • the number and arrangement of the anchors 23 can be appropriately changed according to the length, rigidity, etc. of the coil 21.
  • the end 23b side of the anchor 23 is elastically deformed by the dimple 14. For this reason, the position of the anchor 23 can be maintained by an elastic force. Further, when the dimple 14 is formed, a part on the end 23b side of the anchor 23 is provided inside the dimple 14. For this reason, the position of the anchor 23 can be maintained by the dimple 14.
  • One metal foil 30 can be provided for one sealing portion 12.
  • the metal foil 30 can be provided inside the sealing portion 12.
  • a planar shape of the metal foil 30 can be a square.
  • the metal foil 30 can be formed from molybdenum.
  • One lead 40 can be provided for one metal foil 30.
  • the lead 40 can have a linear shape.
  • One end side of the lead 40 is connected to the metal foil 30 inside the sealing portion 12.
  • the one end side of the lead 40 can be laser-welded to the metal foil 30.
  • the other end side of the lead 40 can be exposed to the outside of the sealing portion 12.
  • a power source, etc. provided outside the heater 1 can be electrically connected to a pair of leads 40.
  • each of the pair of leads 40 is connected to a connector, and the pair of leads 40 can be electrically connected to the power source, etc. via a cable provided to the connector.
  • the lead 40 can be formed from, for example, molybdenum, etc.
  • the coating 50 can be provided on the outer surface of the tubular portion 11.
  • the coating 50 can be provided to cover the outer surface of the tubular portion 11.
  • an average transmittance of the coating 50 in a visible light region (wavelength region of 380 nm to 780 nm) is higher than 24%, glare increases in visibility evaluation.
  • this average transmittance is 24% or less, glare is reduced in the visibility evaluation.
  • this average transmittance is 21% or less, no glare is felt in the visibility evaluation.
  • it is preferable that the coating 50 has an average transmittance in the visible light region of 24% or less.
  • the coating 50 is preferably formed so that the average transmittance in the visible light region when the tubular portion 11 and the coating 50 are combined is 22% or less.
  • the average transmittance in the visible light region can be obtained using, for example, a spectrophotometer V-570 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
  • the average transmittance in the visible light region can be obtained by measuring the transmittance of light every 5 nm using the spectrophotometer V-570 in a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm, and averaging the measured transmittances.
  • the coating 50 easily transmits an infrared ray and hardly transmits visible light.
  • the coating 50 can be configured as a superposed film, in which a low refractive index film 51 (corresponding to an example of a first film) and a high refractive index film 52 (corresponding to an example of a second film) are alternately superposed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the coating 50 as the superposed film.
  • the coating 50 can be configured as the superposed film, in which the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52 are alternately superposed.
  • the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52 can be formed using, for example, a dipping method, a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, etc.
  • the low refractive index film 51 can be provided on the outer surface of the tubular portion 11. That is, the low refractive index film 51 can be set as the first layer.
  • the thickness of the low refractive index film 51 can be set to, for example, about 80 nm.
  • the low refractive index film 51 can contain silicon oxide such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), or silicon oxide (SiO), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), etc.
  • the tubular portion 11 is formed from quartz glass, it is preferable that the low refractive index film 51 contains a component as close as possible to quartz glass as a main component.
  • the low refractive index film 51 contains silicon dioxide as a main component
  • the bonding strength between the low refractive index film 51 and the outer surface of the tubular portion 11 is increased.
  • silicon dioxide has chemical stability, heat resistance, and high mechanical strength, even when the low refractive index film 51 containing silicon dioxide as a main component is provided directly on the outer surface of the tubular portion 11 having a high temperature, a possibility of peeling or damage is low.
  • the high refractive index film 52 can be provided on the low refractive index film 51. That is, an odd-numbered layer starting from the first layer directly formed on the outer surface of the tubular portion 11 can correspond to the low refractive index film 51, and an even-numbered layer starting from the second layer can correspond to the high refractive index film 52.
  • the thickness of the high refractive index film 52 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the low refractive index film 51.
  • the thickness of the high refractive index film 52 can be set to, for example, about 57 nm.
  • the high refractive index film 52 includes, for example, iron oxide such as iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), copper oxide such as copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) or copper(II) oxide (CuO), etc.
  • iron oxide such as iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 )
  • copper oxide such as copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) or copper(II) oxide (CuO)
  • copper(I) oxide easily transmits an infrared ray
  • the high refractive index film 52 containing copper(I) oxide as a main component can improve emission efficiency of an infrared ray.
  • the number of superposed layers of the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52 (the total number of layers of the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52) can be appropriately changed according to the required anti-glare property.
  • the number of superposed layers of the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52 can be set to about ten.
  • the coating 50 has the low refractive index film 51 containing silicon dioxide as a main component and the high refractive index film 52 containing iron(III) oxide as a main component, when the heater 1 is not subjected to electric conduction, a color of the coating 50 is gold.
  • the heat generated in the coil 21 is transmitted to the coating 50 through the tubular portion 11.
  • one end 23a side of the anchor 23 is in contact with the coil 21, and the other end 23b side thereof is in contact with the inner wall of the tubular portion 11.
  • the heat generated in the coil 21 is easily transmitted to the tubular portion 11 via the anchor 23, so that a surface temperature of the coating 50 at the position where the anchor 23 is provided is likely to increase.
  • the dimple 14 holds the anchor 23, the surface temperature of the coating 50 at the position where the dimple 14 is provided is likely to further increase.
  • the surface of the coating 50 is exposed to the environment where the heater 1 is installed, when the surface temperature of the coating 50 becomes excessively high, gas, dust, etc. contained in the environment may react with a component contained in the coating 50 to discolor the surface of the coating 50.
  • a component contained in the coating 50 For example, when an uppermost layer of the coating 50 is the high refractive index film 52, metal contained in the high refractive index film 52 may react with gas, dust, etc.
  • discoloration occurs in the coating 50, a commercial value is lowered.
  • a heater having higher power is demanded. For example, when the heater 1 has 2,000 W (watts) or more, discoloration of the coating 50 is likely to occur.
  • the distance between the coil 21 and the coating 50 can be increased, so that an increase in the surface temperature of the coating 50 can be suppressed.
  • the heater 1 is increased in size.
  • the tube outer diameter D of the tubular portion 11 is constant and the wall thickness of the tubular portion 11 is increased, a distance between the inner wall of the tubular portion 11 and the coating 50 can be increased, and thus an increase in the surface temperature of the coating 50 can be suppressed.
  • the wall thickness of the tubular portion 11 is merely increased, there is concern that the distance between the coil 21 and the inner wall of the tubular portion 11 may decrease and the surface temperature of the coating 50 may increase.
  • an increase in the surface temperature of the coating 50 is suppressed by a combination of a ratio (T/D) of the wall thickness T (mm) of the tubular portion 11 to the tube outer diameter D (mm) of the tubular portion 11 and a size of the tube outer diameter D (mm).
  • Table 1 is a table for showing a relationship between the ratio (T/D) of the wall thickness T (mm) of the tubular portion 11 to the tube outer diameter D (mm) of the tubular portion 11 and occurrence of discoloration of the coating 50 when the tube outer diameter D of the tubular portion 11 is changed from 10.0 mm to 15.0 mm.
  • Table 1 shows a case where the power density of the heater 1 is 7.14 W/mm or more.
  • tubular portion 11 contains quartz glass.
  • the number of superposed layers of the low refractive index film 51 and the high refractive index film 52 is set to ten.
  • the low refractive index film 51 contains silicon dioxide as a main component
  • the high refractive index film 52 includes iron(III) oxide as a main component.
  • the surface temperature of the coating 50 can be set to 722°C or less, the occurrence of discoloration in the coating 50 can be suppressed.
  • Table 2 is a table for showing the surface temperature of the coating 50.
  • Table 2 is a result of a case where electric conduction is performed 3,000 hours.
  • the heater 1 was provided in the atmosphere.
  • the pressure of the gas sealed in the tubular portion 11 was about 0.8 atm (81 kPa).
  • [Table 2] Experiment (1) Experiment (2) Experiment (3) Experiment (4) Power 2000 W Tube diameter D (mm) ⁇ 12 Sealed gas Xe Kr Wall thickness T (mm) 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 Surface temperature of coating (°C) 769 678 762 708
  • the surface temperature of the coating 50 can be set to 722°C or less. For this reason, it is possible to suppress occurrence of discoloration in the coating 50.
  • the wall thickness T of the tubular portion 11 is set to 1.2 mm ⁇ 0.15 mm or more.
  • the type of gas to be sealed can be selected according to the environment where the heater 1 is installed, etc.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP19207350.0A 2019-02-21 2019-11-06 Heizer Withdrawn EP3700296A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019029278A JP2020136118A (ja) 2019-02-21 2019-02-21 ヒータ

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3700296A1 true EP3700296A1 (de) 2020-08-26

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ID=68470317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19207350.0A Withdrawn EP3700296A1 (de) 2019-02-21 2019-11-06 Heizer

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EP (1) EP3700296A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2020136118A (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005019317A (ja) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp 管形ヒータ
EP2159824A2 (de) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-03 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Glühlampe und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung mittels Lichtbestrahlung
EP2924713A1 (de) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Heizelement mit optischer Beschichtung zur Reduzierung des sichtbaren Lichts

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005019317A (ja) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp 管形ヒータ
EP2159824A2 (de) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-03 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Glühlampe und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung mittels Lichtbestrahlung
EP2924713A1 (de) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Heizelement mit optischer Beschichtung zur Reduzierung des sichtbaren Lichts

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