EP3699156A1 - Enamel composition, method for preparing enamel composition, and cooking appliance - Google Patents
Enamel composition, method for preparing enamel composition, and cooking appliance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3699156A1 EP3699156A1 EP20158670.8A EP20158670A EP3699156A1 EP 3699156 A1 EP3699156 A1 EP 3699156A1 EP 20158670 A EP20158670 A EP 20158670A EP 3699156 A1 EP3699156 A1 EP 3699156A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- enamel composition
- sub
- materials
- oxide
- cooking appliance
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].[K+] FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000006550 Lantana camara Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/068—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
- A47J37/0623—Small-size cooking ovens, i.e. defining an at least partially closed cooking cavity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
- C03C3/112—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen containing fluorine
- C03C3/115—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen containing fluorine containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/06—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/005—Coatings for ovens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/6402—Aspects relating to the microwave cavity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2205/00—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes
- C03C2205/04—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes for self-cleaning enamels or glazes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2207/00—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels
- C03C2207/02—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels containing ingredients for securing a good bond between the vitrified enamel and the metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2207/00—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels
- C03C2207/04—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels for steel
Definitions
- An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are disclosed herein.
- Enamel is a material made by applying a vitreous glaze onto a surface of a metal plate.
- Common enamel is used in cooking appliances, such as microwaves and ovens.
- Cooking appliances such as electric ovens and gas ovens, for example, are appliances that cook food or other items (hereinafter, collectively "food") using a heating source.
- food As contaminants generated during cooking adhere to an inner wall of a cavity of the cooking appliance, the inner wall of the cavity needs to be cleaned.
- enamel applied onto the inner wall surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance facilitates removal of contaminants adhered to the cooking appliance.
- a pyrolysis method in which contaminants are burned at high temperature to produce ashes, is known as a technique that easily cleans the inner wall of the cavity, and as a enamel composition to which the pyrolysis method can be applied, an enamel composition containing components, such as phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), for example, is known.
- P 2 O 5 phosphorus pentoxide
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- B 2 O 3 boron oxide
- the conventional enamel compositions consume a large amount of energy because the conventional enamel compositions enable cleaning only when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for about 4 hours. Further, the conventional enamel compositions require a water soaking process for a predetermined period of time to remove oil contaminants, such as cattle, pig, and poultry oils, and thus, there is a problem in which a cleaning process is complicated. Furthermore, enamel compositions should not be denatured and damaged at a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C, but the conventional enamel compositions have a problem of degradation of durability at high temperature.
- An enamel composition according to an embodiment may include silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) at 25 to 50 wt%; boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), sodium oxide (Na 2 O), and potassium oxide (K 2 O) at 10 to 20 wt%; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt%; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), or cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) at 20 to 40 wt%.
- SiO 2 is a component that forms a glass structure and strengthens a skeleton of the glass structure to enhance chemical resistance of the enamel composition and to facilitate expression of characteristics of a metal oxide acting as a catalyst.
- a metal oxide catalyst has inferior heat resistance and inferior chemical resistance to those of other components, a large amount thereof may not be included in the enamel composition.
- solubility of the metal oxide catalyst in the glass may be increased. Accordingly, a content ratio of SiO 2 and the metal oxide catalyst may be appropriately controlled to exhibit high heat resistance and high chemical resistance and express characteristics of the metal oxide catalyst.
- SiO 2 may be included at 25 to 50 wt% in the enamel composition. When SiO 2 is included at greater than 50 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability. When SiO 2 is included at less than 25 wt%, the silicate-based glass composition according to embodiments may break down.
- B 2 O 3 serves as a glass former and is a component that acts to allow each component of the enamel composition to be uniformly melted.
- B 2 O 3 serves to adjust a coefficient of thermal expansion and a fusion flow of the enamel composition to enhance coatability.
- B 2 O 3 serves to allow an appropriate viscosity to be maintained during firing of enamel and control the glass composition from crystallizing.
- B 2 O 3 may be included at 1 to 15 wt% in the enamel composition. When B 2 O 3 is included at greater than 15 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability. When B 2 O 3 is included at less than 1 wt%, the glass composition may break down, or the glass composition may be crystallized.
- Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O serve to enhance cleanability of the enamel composition.
- One or more of the Li 2 O, the Na 2 O, or the K 2 O may be included at 10 to 20 wt% in the enamel composition
- a coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass may be greatly increased, degrading coatability.
- cleanability may be degraded.
- NaF also serves to enhance cleanability of the enamel composition.
- NaF may be included at 1 to 5 wt% in the enamel composition. When NaF is included at greater than 5 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading durability. When NaF is included at less than 1 wt%, cleanability may be degraded.
- the SiO 2 and the B 2 O 3 serve as network forming oxides
- the above-described alkali metal oxides serve as network modifying oxides
- the ZnO serves as an intermediate oxide to balance the two types of metal oxides.
- the ZnO may be included at 1 to 10 wt% in the enamel composition. When ZnO is included at greater than 10 wt%, vitrification may be difficult, and thermal properties may be degraded. On the other hand, when ZnO is included at less than 1 wt%, spreadability of the enamel composition during firing may be decreased to form a non-uniform coating, and accordingly, surface characteristics and coatability of the coating may be degraded.
- TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 are components that are capable of improving an oil or sugar contaminant cleaning ability and enhancing adhesion of the enamel composition applied onto a base metal.
- one or more of TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , or CeO 2 may be included at 20 to 40 wt% in the enamel composition.
- the one or more of the TiO 2 , the MoO 3 , the Bi 2 O 3 , or the CeO 2 is included at greater than 40 wt%, the one or more of the TiO 2 , the MoO 3 , the Bi 2 O 3 , or the CeO 2 may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading durability.
- the one or more of the TiO 2 , the MoO 3 , the Bi 2 O 3 , or the CeO 2 is included at less than 20 wt%, an oil or sugar contaminant cleaning ability may be weakened, and adhesion to a base metal may be degraded.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may be controlled so that a sum of a content of SiO 2 and a content of TiO 2 is 30 wt% or more, TiO 2 may be included at 5 to 20 wt%, and one or more of MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , or CeO 2 may be included at 5 to 15 wt%.
- the enamel composition may include all of the MoO 3 , the Bi 2 O 3 , and the CeO 2 .
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may further include one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , or NiO at 2 to 5 wt% to enhance adhesion thereof to a base steel plate.
- MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , the Co 3 O 4 , or the NiO is included at less than 2 wt%, adhesion of an enamel coating to a base steel plate may be degraded.
- the one or more of the MnO 2 , the Fe 2 O 3 , the Co 3 O 4 , or the NiO is included at greater than 5 wt%, the one or more of the MnO 2 , the Fe 2 O 3 , the Co 3 O 4 , or the NiO may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability.
- the conventional enamel compositions consume a large amount of energy because the conventional enamel compositions enable cleaning only when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for about 4 hours.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments enables removal of sugar contaminants containing sugar even when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for less than an hour due to having the above-described novel composition ratio. Accordingly, use of the enamel composition according to embodiments provides an effect of energy saving and a reduction in cleaning time.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments enables prompt removal of oil contaminants at room temperature without carrying out a water soaking process, which is advantageous for easily managing the hygiene of a cooking appliance.
- a method (100) of preparing an enamel composition may include providing materials for an enamel composition including SiO 2 at 25 to 50 wt%; B 2 O 3 at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, or K 2 O at 10 to 20 wt%; NaF at 1 to 5 wt%; ZnO at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , or CeO 2 at 20 to 40 wt%; melting the materials (120); and quenching the melted materials to form an enamel composition (130).
- the materials may be sufficiently blended and then melted.
- the materials may be melted at 1,200 to 1,400 °C.
- the materials may be melted for 1 to 2 hours. Afterward, the melted materials may be quenched by a quenching roller using a chiller, for example. As a result, the enamel composition may be formed.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may be applied on one surface of a target object to be coated with the enamel composition.
- the target object may be a metal plate, a glass plate, or a portion or entirety of a cooking appliance.
- the enamel composition may be applied onto an inner surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance or an inner surface of the door of the cooking appliance.
- a cooking appliance 1 may include a cavity 11 that forms a cooking chamber, a door 14 that selectively opens and closes the cooking chamber, one or more heating sources 13, 15, and 16 that provide heat to the cooking chamber, and a coating layer that is formed of the enamel composition according to embodiments applied onto an inner surface of the cavity 11 or an inner surface of the door 14.
- the cavity 11 may be formed in a hexahedral shape, a front surface of which is open.
- the heating sources 13, 15, and 16 may include a convection assembly 13 that discharges heated air into the cavity 11, an upper heater 15 disposed at a top of the cavity 11, and a lower heater 16 disposed at the bottom of a cavity 11.
- the upper heater 15 and the lower heater 16 may be provided inside or outside of the cavity 11.
- the heating sources 13, 15, and 16 do not necessarily include the convection assembly 13, the upper heater 15, and the lower heater 16. That is, the heating sources 13, 15, and 16 may include one or more of the convection assembly 13, the upper heater 15, or the lower heater 16.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may be applied onto an inner surface of the cavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of the door 14 thereof by a dry process or a wet process.
- the cavity 11 and the door 14 may be formed of a metal plate, and coating layers 17 and 18 formed of the enamel composition according to embodiments may be directly formed as a single layer on the metal plate.
- the enamel composition materials may be dispersed in an organic binder, and the enamel composition materials and organic binder, which have been blended, may be subjected to milling in a ball mill to prepare frit.
- the enamel composition materials may be dispersed in water (H 2 O) and a pigment, and the enamel composition materials, water (H 2 O), and pigment, which have been blended, may be subjected to milling in a ball mill to prepare frit.
- the frit prepared by the dry process or the wet process may be applied onto an inner surface of the cavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of the door 14 thereof by a spraying method.
- the applied frit may be fired at 600 to 900 °C for 100 to 450 seconds and applied on an inner surface of the cavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of the door 14 thereof.
- Enamel compositions were prepared in the compositions shown in Table 1 below.
- Raw materials of components were sufficiently blended in a V-mixer for 3 hours.
- sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), and lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) were used respectively as raw materials of Na 2 O, K 2 O, and Li 2 O, and the same compounds as shown in Table 1 were used as the remaining components.
- the blended material was sufficiently melted at 1,300 °C for one and a half hours and then quenched in a quenching roller to obtain cullet.
- Each of the frits prepared using the enamel compositions according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was sprayed on a low carbon steel sheet having an area of 200 (mm)x200 (mm) and a thickness of 1 (mm) or less using a corona discharge gun.
- a voltage of the discharge gun was controlled under a condition within the range of 40 kV to 100 kV, and an amount of the frit sprayed on the low carbon steel sheet was 300 g/m2.
- the low carbon steel on which the frit had been sprayed was fired at 830 °C to 870 °C for 300 to 450 seconds to form a coating layer on one surface of the low carbon steel.
- the coating layer was formed to have a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- the specimens which had undergone the cleaning test according to the above item 2 were evaluated for durability, such as heat resistance and chemical resistance.
- the durability of each specimen was evaluated by determining a staining phenomenon.
- the staining phenomenon was determined by observing the surface of each specimen and quantifying a ratio of the area of the residue or stain to the entire surface area. Evaluation standards for the staining phenomenon are the same as shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 Stained area ratio Level 0 % LV.5 ⁇ 20 % LV.4 ⁇ 50 % LV.3 ⁇ 80 % LV.2 80 % ⁇ LV.1 Table 4 Examples Comparative Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 Cleanability against chicken oil LV.5 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.1 LV.2 LV.2 Cleanability against cherry pie LV.3 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.2 LV.1 LV.1 Stain level LV.3 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.1 LV.0 LV.0
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may dramatically reduce a heating time in comparison to the conventional enamel composition. Accordingly, the enamel composition according to embodiments may save energy consumed in cleaning due to the shortened heating time.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments enables cleaning at room temperature without carrying out a water soaking process especially for oil contaminants. Accordingly, a user may clean easily a cooking appliance. Additionally, the enamel composition according to embodiments may enhance hygiene of a cooking appliance.
- the enamel composition according to embodiments may exhibit enhanced adhesion to a base steel plate and also ensure excellent cleanability due to a special component ratio. Furthermore, as the enamel composition according to embodiments includes a silicate-based component in an optimal composition ratio, it may be excellent in not only cleanability but also heat resistance and chemical durability. In addition, as the enamel composition according to embodiments is able to be directly applied as a single layer onto a base steel plate without a buffer layer interposed therebetween, the single layer may be simply formed.
- Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which allows a heating time required for cleaning to be shortened.
- Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which does not require a water soaking process to remove oil contaminants.
- Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which is excellent in not only cleanability but also durability, such as heat resistance and chemical resistance.
- an enamel composition may include SiO 2 at 25 to 50 wt%; B 2 O 3 at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, or K 2 O at 10 to 20 wt%; NaF at 1 to 5 wt%; ZnO at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of TiO 2 , MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , or CeO 2 at 20 to 40 wt%.
- an enamel composition according to embodiments may further include one or more of MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , or NiO at 2 to 5 wt%.
- an enamel composition according to embodiments may be controlled so that a sum of a content of the SiO 2 and a content of the TiO 2 is 30 wt% or more, TiO 2 may be included at 5 to 20 wt%, and one or more of MoO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , or CeO 2 may be included at 5 to 15 wt%.
- first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
- spatially relative terms such as “lower”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “lower” relative to other elements or features would then be oriented “upper” relative to the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “lower” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
- Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures). As such, variations from shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing.
- any reference in this specification to "one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” etc. means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment.
- the appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Abstract
Description
- An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are disclosed herein.
- Enamel is a material made by applying a vitreous glaze onto a surface of a metal plate. Common enamel is used in cooking appliances, such as microwaves and ovens. Cooking appliances, such as electric ovens and gas ovens, for example, are appliances that cook food or other items (hereinafter, collectively "food") using a heating source. As contaminants generated during cooking adhere to an inner wall of a cavity of the cooking appliance, the inner wall of the cavity needs to be cleaned. In this case, enamel applied onto the inner wall surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance facilitates removal of contaminants adhered to the cooking appliance. Generally, a pyrolysis method, in which contaminants are burned at high temperature to produce ashes, is known as a technique that easily cleans the inner wall of the cavity, and as a enamel composition to which the pyrolysis method can be applied, an enamel composition containing components, such as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and boron oxide (B2O3), for example, is known.
- However, the conventional enamel compositions consume a large amount of energy because the conventional enamel compositions enable cleaning only when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for about 4 hours. Further, the conventional enamel compositions require a water soaking process for a predetermined period of time to remove oil contaminants, such as cattle, pig, and poultry oils, and thus, there is a problem in which a cleaning process is complicated. Furthermore, enamel compositions should not be denatured and damaged at a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C, but the conventional enamel compositions have a problem of degradation of durability at high temperature.
- Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements, and wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a cooking appliance according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of an inner surface of a cavity of the cooking appliance ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of an inner surface of a door of the cooking appliance ofFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of method for preparing an enamel composition according to an embodiment. - An enamel composition according to an embodiment may include silicon dioxide (SiO2) at 25 to 50 wt%; boron oxide (B2O3) at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of lithium oxide (Li2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O) at 10 to 20 wt%; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt%; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), or cerium dioxide (CeO2) at 20 to 40 wt%.
- SiO2 is a component that forms a glass structure and strengthens a skeleton of the glass structure to enhance chemical resistance of the enamel composition and to facilitate expression of characteristics of a metal oxide acting as a catalyst. As a metal oxide catalyst has inferior heat resistance and inferior chemical resistance to those of other components, a large amount thereof may not be included in the enamel composition. However, as SiO2 has a structure with a large pore size, when an appropriate amount of SiO2 is included in the glass composition, solubility of the metal oxide catalyst in the glass may be increased. Accordingly, a content ratio of SiO2 and the metal oxide catalyst may be appropriately controlled to exhibit high heat resistance and high chemical resistance and express characteristics of the metal oxide catalyst. SiO2 may be included at 25 to 50 wt% in the enamel composition. When SiO2 is included at greater than 50 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability. When SiO2 is included at less than 25 wt%, the silicate-based glass composition according to embodiments may break down.
- B2O3 serves as a glass former and is a component that acts to allow each component of the enamel composition to be uniformly melted. In addition, B2O3 serves to adjust a coefficient of thermal expansion and a fusion flow of the enamel composition to enhance coatability. Additionally, B2O3 serves to allow an appropriate viscosity to be maintained during firing of enamel and control the glass composition from crystallizing. B2O3 may be included at 1 to 15 wt% in the enamel composition. When B2O3 is included at greater than 15 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability. When B2O3 is included at less than 1 wt%, the glass composition may break down, or the glass composition may be crystallized.
- Li2O, Na2O, and K2O serve to enhance cleanability of the enamel composition. One or more of the Li2O, the Na2O, or the K2O may be included at 10 to 20 wt% in the enamel composition When the one or more of the Li2O, the Na2O, or the K2O is included at greater than 20 wt%, a coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass may be greatly increased, degrading coatability. When the one or more of the Li2O, the Na2O, or the K2O is included at less than 10 wt%, cleanability may be degraded.
- NaF also serves to enhance cleanability of the enamel composition. NaF may be included at 1 to 5 wt% in the enamel composition. When NaF is included at greater than 5 wt%, it may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading durability. When NaF is included at less than 1 wt%, cleanability may be degraded.
- In embodiments disclosed herein, the SiO2 and the B2O3 serve as network forming oxides, the above-described alkali metal oxides serve as network modifying oxides, and the ZnO serves as an intermediate oxide to balance the two types of metal oxides. In embodiments disclosed herein, the ZnO may be included at 1 to 10 wt% in the enamel composition. When ZnO is included at greater than 10 wt%, vitrification may be difficult, and thermal properties may be degraded. On the other hand, when ZnO is included at less than 1 wt%, spreadability of the enamel composition during firing may be decreased to form a non-uniform coating, and accordingly, surface characteristics and coatability of the coating may be degraded.
- TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, and CeO2 are components that are capable of improving an oil or sugar contaminant cleaning ability and enhancing adhesion of the enamel composition applied onto a base metal. In embodiments disclosed herein, one or more of TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, or CeO2 may be included at 20 to 40 wt% in the enamel composition. When the one or more of the TiO2, the MoO3, the Bi2O3, or the CeO2 is included at greater than 40 wt%, the one or more of the TiO2, the MoO3, the Bi2O3, or the CeO2 may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading durability. On the other hand, when the one or more of the TiO2, the MoO3, the Bi2O3, or the CeO2 is included at less than 20 wt%, an oil or sugar contaminant cleaning ability may be weakened, and adhesion to a base metal may be degraded. In order to provide an optimal composition ratio of a silicate-based component for realizing not only excellent cleanability but also high heat resistance and high chemical durability, the enamel composition according to embodiments may be controlled so that a sum of a content of SiO2 and a content of TiO2 is 30 wt% or more, TiO2 may be included at 5 to 20 wt%, and one or more of MoO3, Bi2O3, or CeO2 may be included at 5 to 15 wt%. In order to provide an enamel composition having excellent cleanability and high durability, the enamel composition may include all of the MoO3, the Bi2O3, and the CeO2.
- The enamel composition according to embodiments may further include one or more of MnO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4, or NiO at 2 to 5 wt% to enhance adhesion thereof to a base steel plate. When the one or more of the MnO2, the Fe2O3, the Co3O4, or the NiO is included at less than 2 wt%, adhesion of an enamel coating to a base steel plate may be degraded. On the other hand, when the one or more of the MnO2, the Fe2O3, the Co3O4, or the NiO is included at greater than 5 wt%, the one or more of the MnO2, the Fe2O3, the Co3O4, or the NiO may interfere with the addition of other components, degrading cleanability.
- As mentioned above, conventional enamel compositions consume a large amount of energy because the conventional enamel compositions enable cleaning only when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for about 4 hours. However, the enamel composition according to embodiments enables removal of sugar contaminants containing sugar even when heated (pyrolyzed) under a condition of a high temperature of 450 to 500 °C for less than an hour due to having the above-described novel composition ratio. Accordingly, use of the enamel composition according to embodiments provides an effect of energy saving and a reduction in cleaning time. In addition, the enamel composition according to embodiments enables prompt removal of oil contaminants at room temperature without carrying out a water soaking process, which is advantageous for easily managing the hygiene of a cooking appliance.
- A method (100) of preparing an enamel composition according to embodiments may include providing materials for an enamel composition including SiO2 at 25 to 50 wt%; B2O3 at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of Li2O, Na2O, or K2O at 10 to 20 wt%; NaF at 1 to 5 wt%; ZnO at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, or CeO2 at 20 to 40 wt%; melting the materials (120); and quenching the melted materials to form an enamel composition (130).
- The materials may be sufficiently blended and then melted. The materials may be melted at 1,200 to 1,400 °C. In addition, the materials may be melted for 1 to 2 hours. Afterward, the melted materials may be quenched by a quenching roller using a chiller, for example. As a result, the enamel composition may be formed.
- The enamel composition according to embodiments may be applied on one surface of a target object to be coated with the enamel composition. The target object may be a metal plate, a glass plate, or a portion or entirety of a cooking appliance. The enamel composition may be applied onto an inner surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance or an inner surface of the door of the cooking appliance.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a cooking appliance 1 according to embodiments may include acavity 11 that forms a cooking chamber, adoor 14 that selectively opens and closes the cooking chamber, one ormore heating sources cavity 11 or an inner surface of thedoor 14. - The
cavity 11 may be formed in a hexahedral shape, a front surface of which is open. The heating sources 13, 15, and 16 may include aconvection assembly 13 that discharges heated air into thecavity 11, anupper heater 15 disposed at a top of thecavity 11, and alower heater 16 disposed at the bottom of acavity 11. Theupper heater 15 and thelower heater 16 may be provided inside or outside of thecavity 11. Of course, theheating sources convection assembly 13, theupper heater 15, and thelower heater 16. That is, theheating sources convection assembly 13, theupper heater 15, or thelower heater 16. - Referring to
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the enamel composition according to embodiments may be applied onto an inner surface of thecavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of thedoor 14 thereof by a dry process or a wet process. Thecavity 11 and thedoor 14 may be formed of a metal plate, andcoating layers - According to the dry process, the enamel composition materials may be dispersed in an organic binder, and the enamel composition materials and organic binder, which have been blended, may be subjected to milling in a ball mill to prepare frit. On the other hand, according to the wet process, the enamel composition materials may be dispersed in water (H2O) and a pigment, and the enamel composition materials, water (H2O), and pigment, which have been blended, may be subjected to milling in a ball mill to prepare frit.
- Afterward, the frit prepared by the dry process or the wet process may be applied onto an inner surface of the
cavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of thedoor 14 thereof by a spraying method. The applied frit may be fired at 600 to 900 °C for 100 to 450 seconds and applied on an inner surface of thecavity 11 of the cooking appliance 1 or an inner surface of thedoor 14 thereof. - Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with respect to examples.
- Enamel compositions were prepared in the compositions shown in Table 1 below. Raw materials of components were sufficiently blended in a V-mixer for 3 hours. In this case, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) were used respectively as raw materials of Na2O, K2O, and Li2O, and the same compounds as shown in Table 1 were used as the remaining components. The blended material was sufficiently melted at 1,300 °C for one and a half hours and then quenched in a quenching roller to obtain cullet.
- An initial particle size of the cullet thus obtained by the above process was controlled using a grinder (ball mill), and then, the resulting cullet was ground using a jet mill for about 5 hours and passed through a 325 mesh sieve (ASTM C285-88) to control the particle diameter thereof to be 45 µm or less, thereby preparing frit (a powder).
Table 1 Components (wt%) Examples Comparative Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 SiO2 28.63 39.49 49.73 36.49 33.11 48.21 35.12 16.62 52.11 27.24 B2O3 10.89 6.62 1.5 13.06 8.27 3.1 13.06 26.49 2.45 4.52 Na2O 11.7 10.03 11.76 11.76 10.03 12.11 11.76 11.76 11.76 11.76 K2O 3.9 3.34 3.92 3.92 3.03 3.92 3.92 3.92 3.92 7.21 Li2O 1.31 1.12 1.32 1.32 1.12 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 6.55 NaF 3.27 2.8 3.28 3.29 2.8 3.28 3.29 3.28 3.28 6.24 TiO2 12.79 12.86 12.87 13.06 12.86 12.44 12.78 15.3 11.21 15.21 MnO2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fe2O3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Co3O4 2 0 1.78 1.76 0 1.78 1.76 0 0 0 NiO 0.6 0 0.65 0.65 0 0.65 0.65 0 0 0 ZnO 9.91 9.05 1 1.2 11.25 1 1.2 6.62 4.21 6.62 MoO3 4.72 4.69 3.69 3.79 6.21 3.69 0 5.19 4.25 5.15 Bi2O3 9.16 8.71 7.21 8.11 9.21 7.21 9.02 8.21 4.2 8.21 CeO2 0.72 1.29 1.29 1.59 2.11 1.29 6.12 1.29 1.29 1.29 - Each of the frits prepared using the enamel compositions according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was sprayed on a low carbon steel sheet having an area of 200 (mm)x200 (mm) and a thickness of 1 (mm) or less using a corona discharge gun. In this case, a voltage of the discharge gun was controlled under a condition within the range of 40 kV to 100 kV, and an amount of the frit sprayed on the low carbon steel sheet was 300 g/m2. The low carbon steel on which the frit had been sprayed was fired at 830 °C to 870 °C for 300 to 450 seconds to form a coating layer on one surface of the low carbon steel. In this case, the coating layer was formed to have a thickness of about 80 µm to 250 µm. As a result, specimens according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured.
- The specimens according to Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated for abilities as described below, and results thereof are shown in Table 4.
- 1 g of chicken oil as a contaminant was uniformly and thinly spread on a surface of the specimen, in which a metal substrate (100 (mm)×100 (mm)) had been coated with the enamel composition, with a brush, and the specimen to which the contaminant had been applied was placed in a thermostat at 250 to 290 °C for an hour to solidify the contaminant. After solidification of the contaminant, the resulting specimen was cooled naturally, a degree of hardening of the contaminant was checked, and then the hardened chicken oil was subjected to back and forth (one round trip) wiping at a force of 3 kgf or less with a scouring pad for a frying pan which had been soaked with room-temperature water. A portion wiped on the contaminated specimen surface was uniformalized using a stick whose bottom has a diameter of 5 cm and is flat.
- 1 g of cherry pie as a contaminant was uniformly and thinly spread on the surface of the specimen, in which a metal substrate (100 (mm)×100 (mm)) had been coated with the enamel composition, with a brush, and the specimen to which the contaminant had been applied was placed in a thermostat at about 220 °C for 30 minutes to solidify the contaminant. After solidification of the contaminant, the resulting specimen was cooled naturally, and the contaminant was burned at 400 °C for an hour. Afterward, the hardened cherry pie contaminant was subjected to back and forth (one round trip) wiping at a force of 3 kgf or less with a scouring pad for a frying pan which had been soaked with room-temperature water. A portion wiped on the contaminated specimen surface was uniformalized using a stick whose bottom has a diameter of 5 cm and is flat.
- In this case, a number of round trips of wiping the specimen was measured and defined as the number of round trips for cleaning, and evaluation standards for cleanability are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Number of round trips for cleaning Level 1 ∼ 5 LV.5 6 ∼ 15 LV.4 16 ∼ 25 LV.3 26 ∼ 50 LV.2 51 ∼ LV.1 - The specimens which had undergone the cleaning test according to the above item 2 were evaluated for durability, such as heat resistance and chemical resistance. The durability of each specimen was evaluated by determining a staining phenomenon. The staining phenomenon was determined by observing the surface of each specimen and quantifying a ratio of the area of the residue or stain to the entire surface area. Evaluation standards for the staining phenomenon are the same as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Stained area ratio Level 0 % LV.5 ∼ 20 % LV.4 ∼ 50 % LV.3 ∼ 80 % LV.2 80 % ∼ LV.1 Table 4 Examples Comparative Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 Cleanability against chicken oil LV.5 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.1 LV.2 LV.2 Cleanability against cherry pie LV.3 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.2 LV.1 LV.1 Stain level LV.3 LV.4 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.5 LV.1 LV.0 LV.0 - As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that Examples according to embodiments exhibited not only excellent cleanability but also excellent adhesion. On the other hand, it can be seen that Comparative Examples exhibited not only degraded cleanability due to not having an optimal composition ratio of a silicate-based component but also highly unsatisfactory adhesion due to an unstable glass composition, as compared with Examples according to embodiments.
- The enamel composition according to embodiments may dramatically reduce a heating time in comparison to the conventional enamel composition. Accordingly, the enamel composition according to embodiments may save energy consumed in cleaning due to the shortened heating time.
- In addition, the enamel composition according to embodiments enables cleaning at room temperature without carrying out a water soaking process especially for oil contaminants. Accordingly, a user may clean easily a cooking appliance. Additionally, the enamel composition according to embodiments may enhance hygiene of a cooking appliance.
- Further, the enamel composition according to embodiments may exhibit enhanced adhesion to a base steel plate and also ensure excellent cleanability due to a special component ratio. Furthermore, as the enamel composition according to embodiments includes a silicate-based component in an optimal composition ratio, it may be excellent in not only cleanability but also heat resistance and chemical durability. In addition, as the enamel composition according to embodiments is able to be directly applied as a single layer onto a base steel plate without a buffer layer interposed therebetween, the single layer may be simply formed.
- Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which allows a heating time required for cleaning to be shortened. Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which does not require a water soaking process to remove oil contaminants. Embodiments disclosed herein provide a novel enamel composition which is excellent in not only cleanability but also durability, such as heat resistance and chemical resistance.
- In order to provide a enamel composition which enables cleaning while shortening the heating time that a conventional enamel composition requires and also cleaning at room temperature without carrying out a water soaking process for oil contaminants, an enamel composition according to embodiments may include SiO2 at 25 to 50 wt%; B2O3 at 1 to 15 wt%; one or more of Li2O, Na2O, or K2O at 10 to 20 wt%; NaF at 1 to 5 wt%; ZnO at 1 to 10 wt%; and one or more of TiO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, or CeO2 at 20 to 40 wt%. In addition, in order to provide a novel enamel composition which may exhibit enhanced adhesion to a base steel plate and also ensure excellent cleanability, an enamel composition according to embodiments may further include one or more of MnO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4, or NiO at 2 to 5 wt%.
- Additionally, in order to provide a novel enamel composition which exhibits high heat resistance and high chemical durability as well as excellent cleanability, an enamel composition according to embodiments may be controlled so that a sum of a content of the SiO2 and a content of the TiO2 is 30 wt% or more, TiO2 may be included at 5 to 20 wt%, and one or more of MoO3, Bi2O3, or CeO2 may be included at 5 to 15 wt%.
- Although embodiments have been described above with reference to the illustrated drawings, it is obvious that the embodiments are not limited to the embodiments and drawings disclosed herein, and various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope. In addition, even when the effect of the configuration is not explicitly described while the above-described embodiments are described, it is obvious that the effect predictable by the corresponding configuration should also be recognized.
- It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on" another element or layer, the element or layer can be directly on another element or layer or intervening elements or layers. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
- It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
- Spatially relative terms, such as "lower", "upper" and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "lower" relative to other elements or features would then be oriented "upper" relative to the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
- The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
- Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures). As such, variations from shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing.
- Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
- Any reference in this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
- Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (14)
- An enamel composition, comprising:silicon dioxide (SiO2) at 25 to 50 wt%;boron oxide (B2O3) at 1 to 15 wt%;one or more of lithium oxide (Li2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), or potassium oxide (K2O) at 10 to 20 wt%;sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt%;zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt%; andone or more of titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), or cerium dioxide (CeO2) at 20 to 40 wt%.
- The enamel composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more of manganese dioxide (MnO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), cobalt oxide (Co3O4), or nickel oxide (NiO) at 2 to 5 wt%.
- The enamel composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a sum of a content of the SiO2 and a content of the TiO2 is 30 wt% or more.
- The enamel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the TiO2 is included at 5 to 20 wt%.
- The enamel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more of the MoO3, the Bi2O3, or the CeO2 are included at 5 to 15 wt%.
- A cooking appliance, comprising:a cavity (11) that forms a cooking chamber;a door (14) that selectively opens and closes the cooking chamber;at least one heating source (13, 15, 16) that provides heat to the cooking chamber; anda coating layer (17, 18) formed of the enamel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 applied onto an inner surface of the cavity or an inner surface of the door.
- A method for preparing an enamel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:providing materials for the enamel composition;melting the materials; andquenching the melted materials to form the enamel composition.
- The method of claim 7, wherein the melting of the materials for the enamel composition includes melting the materials at about 1,200 to 1,400 °C for about one to two hours.
- The method of claim 8, wherein the melting of the materials for the enamel composition includes melting the materials at about 1,300 °C for about 1.5 hours.
- The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the quenching of the melted material includes quenching the melted materials using a quenching roller.
- The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising: applying the enamel composition to at least one of an inner surface of a cavity of a cooking appliance or an inner surface a door of the cooking appliance.
- The method of claim 11, wherein the applying of the enamel composition includes applying the enamel composition by a dry process that includes dispersing the quenched materials for the enamel composition in an organic binder, milling the quenched materials for the enamel composition and the organic binder to prepare a frit, and applying the frit to the at least one of the inner surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance or the inner surface the door of the cooking appliance.
- The method of claim 11, wherein the applying of the enamel composition includes applying the enamel composition by a wet process that includes dispersing the quenched materials for the enamel composition in water and a pigment, milling the materials for the enamel composition, water, and the pigment to prepare a frit, and applying the frit to the at least one of the inner surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance or the inner surface the door of the cooking appliance.
- The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the applying of the enamel composition includes:spraying a frit that includes the quenched materials for the enamel composition to the at least one of the inner surface of the cavity of the cooking appliance or the inner surface the door of the cooking appliance; andfiring the sprayed frit.
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KR1020190021140A KR102172416B1 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Composition for enamel, method for preparation thereof and cooking appliance |
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US20200270167A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
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CN111606566B (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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