EP3686546B1 - Roof protection element with a cover layer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a roof protection element, in particular for protecting the roof of a military vehicle, with an active layer made of a first plastic material for protection against fire, in particular by means of ballistic bomblets, and a cover layer made of a different second plastic material for covering the active layer. Further objects of the invention are a vehicle with such a roof protection element and a method for producing a roof protection element.

Roof protection elements are attached as modules to the tops of roofs, in particular vehicle roofs, and are intended to protect them from the effects of a threatening fire. Bomblets, which are also known as submunitions and are released in larger quantities from another projectile in the manner of a bulk bomb, are considered particularly dangerous. In the event of such a bombardment, a large number of smaller bomblets, for example a carpet of bombs, hit the roof.

In the past, plastics that can break down or convert the energy of the bomblets as a result of deformation have proven effective as protection against such bombardment. In this way, the bomblets are prevented from penetrating or damaging the roof to be protected.

Although such an active layer offers good protection against rather blunt bomblets hitting the surface over a large area, it is comparatively susceptible to sharper impacts, such as falling tools, collisions with branches or stones or people walking around on the roof. For this reason, in addition to the active layer, a cover layer is usually also provided, which covers the active layer and protects it precisely against such effects. Due to the active layer, the roof protection element can also be designed so that it can be walked on, which, particularly in the case of vehicles, enables the crew to safely enter the protected vehicle roof.

In the known roof protection elements, the cover layer is also made of a plastic material and is connected to the active layer by an adhesive layer made of an adhesive. The adhesive connects the top layer and the active layer due to its adhesive properties by being in the liquid state on both a surface of the top layer as well as a surface of the active layer and solidifies there during drying and thus connects the two layers to one another. In order to protect the active layer, plastic materials are currently used as the cover layer material, which form a hard, brittle surface. For example, hard plastics or also suitable plastic composite materials can be used. However, this cover layer can tear comparatively quickly, even without being shot at, so that the adhesive layer between the cover layer and the active layer is then partially exposed and this becomes visible from the threat side.

Since the color of the adhesive layer differs from the color of the threat-side surface of the cover layer, which is designed in camouflage colors, for example, such a tearing has a disadvantageous effect on the camouflage effect. As a rule, this makes it necessary to replace the entire roof protection element and thus limits durability and the period of use.

In addition, it can also happen that the adhesive layer becomes detached from the active layer and/or the top layer due to external influences. This leads to delamination of the active layer and the top layer, so that the top layer can then no longer provide reliable protection for the active layer. In this case, too, the roof protection element must be replaced. This also considerably limits the durability and the period of use of the roof protection element.

The object of the present invention is therefore to specify a roof protection element with greater durability and a longer service life, as well as a method for producing such a roof protection element.

In the case of a roof protection element, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved in that the plastic material of the active layer and the plastic material of the cover layer are connected to one another in a cross-linked manner, with the cover layer surrounding the active layer in the manner of a hood. Comparable protective elements in which layers of different plastics are connected to one another in this way are, for example, from WO 02/38375 A2 and the U.S. 2018/229480 A1 known.

The top layer and the active layer are connected to one another without adhesive by means of a cross-linking connection. The disadvantages associated with an adhesive layer are avoided. A crosslinking connection is characterized by the formation of a network of interlocking components of the cover layer material and the active layer material. The cross-linking connection can take place physically and/or chemically. Macromolecules in the active layer can crosslink with macromolecules in the top layer. The macromolecules of the two layers can physically intertwine and thus lead to cross-linking. In addition or as an alternative, however, it is also possible for the macromolecules to bond chemically to one another, so that continuous chains of molecules are formed, which extend from one layer into the other layer.

The top layer and the active layer can be molecularly crosslinked with one another. Adjacent molecules of the top layer and the active layer can link to form a network, in particular of polymer chains, connecting the top layer and the active layer. The active layer and the top layer can be permanently connected to one another. The roof protection element can appear as if it only consists of a continuous material. The active layer and the top layer can be self-crosslinking.

Furthermore, it is also possible for the top layer and/or the active layer to be connected to one another in an indirect crosslinking manner via one or more intermediate layers connected to the top layer and/or the active layer in a crosslinking manner. The intermediate layer can consist of the first or the second plastic material. However, it is also possible for the intermediate layer to consist of a third plastic material. at The intermediate layer is not an adhesive, since it connects the active layer and the top layer by means of adhesion. An adhesive does not lead to crosslinking.

The active layer preferably has a lower hardness than the top layer. The harder top layer can easily protect the softer active layer from sharp impacts. The hardness of the cover layer can be adjustable to optimize protection against sharp impacts and/or against ballistic fire. The top layer can be designed as a protective layer.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the active layer and/or the cover layer is made from a castable plastic material. In this way, the roof protection element can be easily manufactured using a casting process.

It has proven to be advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer and the plastic material of the active layer are plastic materials that harden in different temperature ranges. The plastics can assume liquid and/or semi-liquid states and only assume a solid state or crosslink when entering a specific temperature range, i. H. Harden. The two plastic materials can be designed in such a way that they harden in different temperature ranges. The plastic material of the top layer cannot yet harden at the hardening temperature of the plastic material of the active layer and can therefore remain liquid.

It has turned out to be advantageous if the active layer and the cover layer are made of different silicones. There are known silicones in different hardness ranges. Silicones are also very easy to process.

It is possible that both layers are the same color. The use of plastic makes it possible for the two layers not only to have a certain color on their surfaces, but for the plastics to have the same color throughout. Damage to the roof protection element cannot be detected, or can only be detected with great difficulty, especially from a distance.

The plastic material of the cover layer is preferably a material that hardens at high temperatures, in particular a silicone that crosslinks at high temperatures. In the case of a silicone which crosslinks at high temperatures, curing can take place by crosslinking the silicone with itself, in particular in a heated state. The plastic material of the cover layer can be plastic or silicone that hardens at temperatures between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius. It is also advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer hardens at a higher temperature than the plastic material of the active layer. The plastic material of the cover layer can already harden in a manner that is simple in terms of production technology, while the plastic material of the active layer is still liquid and/or partially liquid, in particular castable, in this temperature range. Low temperature can mean room temperature and high temperature can mean temperatures above room temperature, in particular above 100 degrees Celsius. Silicone that cures at low temperatures, such as room temperature, can be RTV silicone and silicone that cures at high temperatures can be HTV silicone. The cover layer can also be silicone resin.

More preferably, the plastic material of the active layer is a material that hardens at low temperatures, in particular a silicone that crosslinks at room temperature. With a crosslinking at room temperature Silicone can be cured by crosslinking the silicone with itself at room temperature.

The chain length, in particular the average chain length, of the plastic material of the cover layer can be greater than the corresponding chain length of the plastic material of the active layer. In the crosslinking area between the top layer and the active layer, the average chain length can be between the average chain length of the chains of the plastic material of the active layer and that of the plastic material of the topcoat.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the cover layer is arranged on the threat side of the active layer. When mounted on the roof, the cover layer can therefore point upwards and the active layer downwards in the direction of the object to be protected or the vehicle to be protected.

The top layer can be thinner than the active layer. The thickness ratio of active layer to cover layer, in particular of active layer to cover layer pointing in the threat direction, can be greater than 2, preferably greater than 5, more preferably greater than 10, even more preferably greater than 15 and also greater than 20. In practice, a ratio of 14 has proven advantageous. The top layer can be 2 mm thick and the active layer can be 28 mm thick.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that, according to the invention, the cover layer surrounds the active layer in the manner of a hood. The top layer surrounds the active layer both on the threat side and on its peripheral sides. The active layer can thus be protected by the top layer on all sides where protection is required.

In the case of surrounding, the cover layer can be located above the active layer along the surface normals of the respective sides of the active layer and especially cover the sides. Surrounding the active layer on the threat side and on the peripheral sides with the cover layer can provide additional protection against damage from impacts, in particular during the attachment of the roof protection element. When fastening, ie mounting the roof protection element on an object to be protected, the peripheral sides running circumferentially around the active layer can also be protected against effects, such as banging on a roof edge. In addition, protection against impacts can also be achieved if one or more of the peripheral sides of the roof protection element are exposed in the fastened, ie in the assembled state. According to the invention, the cover layer surrounds the active layer in the manner of a hood which only covers the threat side and the peripheral sides of the active layer, but not the side of the active layer opposite the threat side. The top layer may have a bowl-like shape.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the cover layer is thinner on the peripheral sides than on the threat side. A number of roof protection elements can be arranged in the manner of tiles, the active layers of which can be arranged closer together. In this way, the entire area to be protected can be covered and protected by a large number of adjacent roof protection elements. The thickness of the cover layer on the peripheral sides of the active layer can be 2 mm, for example.

In a development of the invention, a pattern, in particular a non-slip pattern, is embossed and/or embossed on the cover layer. The pattern can be at least partially embossed and/or embossed on one side of the cover layer, in particular the threat side. An embossed pattern may protrude from one side of the topsheet. A embossed pattern may protrude into one side of the topsheet. The pattern can easily allow the roof protection element to be assigned, for example to a manufacturer or a vehicle, and/or allow liquids and rain to run off. The anti-slip pattern can allow for improved surefootedness, especially in wet roof protection elements, so that the risk of slipping or slipping is reduced.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the roof protection element has a fastening plate for fastening to an object to be protected. A mounting plate that faces away from the threat side, in particular, enables the roof protection element to be easily mounted on the object to be protected. The assembly can take place via a fastening element that can be arranged on the fastening plate, for example a plug-in connection element, a screw connection element, a clamp connection element and/or an adhesive connection element, which can interact with the object to be protected. The roof protection element can be designed to be self-adhesive and can thus be connected to the fastening plate in a simple manner. The mounting plate can be formed in one piece with the cover layer. Furthermore, the fastening plate can be crosslinked with the cover layer and/or with the active layer. In this respect, the connection can be designed in exactly the same way as the connection of the cover layer to the active layer. The mounting plate can also consist of a plastic material or silicone. The fastening layer can consist of the material of the active layer or the material of the cover layer. However, it is also possible for the material of the fastening plate to harden between the temperatures at which the active layer material and the cover layer material harden.

In order to achieve the above object, it is proposed in a vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset that the vehicle have a roof protection element as described above.

The features described in connection with the roof protection element according to the invention can also be used individually or in combination in the vehicle. This results in the same advantages that have already been described.

In a method of the type mentioned at the outset, it is proposed to achieve the above object that the cover layer and the active layer are connected to one another in a crosslinking manner, with the cover layer surrounding the active layer in the manner of a hood.

The features described in connection with the roof protection element according to the invention can also be used individually or in combination in the production process. The advantages already described result.

With regard to the method, the plastic material of the cover layer is poured into a mould, in particular into a stamp mold, for shaping. The cover layer can be shaped in a simple manner when the cover layer material hardens in the mold. A ram of a ram mold can press the covering layer material into a casting space of the mold for shaping. The top layer can be given a shell-like shape with the stamping mould. In particular, the plastic material of the cover layer can be pushed up in the mold to form the peripheral sides of the cover layer.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer is baked, particularly in the mold. Baking can allow or accelerate the hardening of the plastic material. During baking, the plastic material can take the form of a casting space of the mold. The plastic material is preferably baked in the mold to a temperature range heated, during which the plastic material crosslinks with itself.

It is also advantageous that the baking of the plastic material of the cover layer is terminated when the plastic material of the cover layer is only partially crosslinked, preferably the baking is terminated when a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%, in particular 95%, is reached. The not fully crosslinked plastic material can provide a substantially dimensionally stable top layer. A casting of other materials on the not fully crosslinked plastic material can be made possible without affecting the assumed shape of the cover layer. Crosslinking of the plastic material of the top layer with other materials can be made possible by the incomplete crosslinking of the top layer. The degree of crosslinking can indicate the percentage, in particular in percent by mass or percent by volume, of the material which is already crosslinked.

In a next step, the plastic material of the active layer is preferably cast onto the partially crosslinked top layer. The plastic material of the active layer can be given a shape for the active layer by the cover layer that is only partially crosslinked but is dimensionally stable. The shapes of the active layer and the cover layer can be adapted to one another in a simple manner, in particular flush.

The plastic material of the cover layer and the plastic material of the active layer preferably crosslink with one another during curing. The plastic material of the active layer can be cross-linked with parts of the plastic material of the top layer that are not yet cross-linked in order to securely connect the two materials to one another. The two plastic materials can then cure together, ie crosslink with themselves and with the respective other material, in particular up to complete crosslinking with a degree of crosslinking of 100%.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the plastic material of the top layer and/or the plastic material of the active layer be colored before casting. Coloring of the top layer and/or the active layer can be specified in a permanent manner by coloring before casting. The coloring can be multicolored. A change in the color of the roof protection element due to color detachment can be counteracted. The coloring can be adapted to the colors of a camouflage pattern of the object to be protected and the camouflage effect of the roof protection element can be improved. The roof protection element can have a uniform coloring throughout the active layer and top layer. Alternatively or additionally, the roof protection element, in particular the endangered side of the cover layer, can be painted after curing.

In the case of a permanent mold that is suitable for the method, but which as such is not the subject matter of the present invention, a stamp that can be arranged on the casting mold can press the cover layer material into the casting mold.

The top layer material can be easily pressed into the casting space of the mold with the punch. The ram can push the top layer material up against the force of gravity, in particular by displacing the top layer material. The stamp can enter the casting space of the mold and displace the top layer material. The cover layer can be given a bowl-like shape in a simple manner.

The mold can be used in a method of the type described for producing a roof protection element of the type described. According to a constructive configuration, the distance between the mold and the stamp can be adjusted, in particular by means of an adjusting element.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the mold has a guide for guiding the adjustment movement of the ram. The guide can, in particular in cooperation with the adjusting element, enable a reproducible setting of the distance between the mold and the stamp.

According to a further embodiment of the permanent mold, which as such does not form part of the subject matter of the present invention, the guide has a punch guide on the punch side and a guide element on the casting mold side. The mold preferably has a plurality of, in particular two, punch guides and guide elements. The punch guide can be arranged on a punch arm, in particular on the end of a punch arm.

The stamp guide is preferably arranged on a stamp plate, in particular an exchangeable stamp plate. The stamp guide can be arranged on the stamp plate via a stamp foot and stamp arms. The stamp base and the stamp arms together can have a substantially T-shaped cross-section. The punch plate may be supported by the punch foot and arms, enter the casting cavity and push facestock material sideways and/or upwards.

The guide element advantageously has a support element, in particular in the form of a disk, for transferring the support force of the stamp to the casting mold. Alternatively or additionally, the guide element can have a guide section for guiding the punch guide and/or a Have fastening section for fastening the guide element to the mold.

It is possible that an insert plate can be inserted into the mold, in particular into a receptacle.

In this context, it is advantageous if the insert plate has a pattern shape for embossing and/or embossing a pattern into the cover layer. The pattern can consist of recesses and/or elevations in the surface of the insert plate and can be formed in one piece with the insert plate. The pattern form can be interchangeable together with the insert plate in order to be able to emboss and/or emboss patterns in different shapes, lettering or corrugations on the cover layer. Preferably, the pattern shape does not extend to the edge of the threat side of the cover layer.

Fig. 1

eine skizzierte Anordnung von erfindungsgemäßen Dachschutzelementen an einem zu schützenden Fahrzeug,

Fig. 2a, b

einen schematischen Querschnitt und eine Aufsicht auf ein Dachschutzelement,

Fig. 3a, b

einen Querschnitt durch eine Kokille,

Fig. 4

eine Aufsicht auf eine Kokille,

Fig. 5a, b

eine Aufsicht und eine Seitenansicht eines Stempelrahmens,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht eines Führungselements,

Fig. 7

eine Aufsicht auf eine Gussform der Kokille,

Fig. 8

einen Querschnitt durch die Gussform aus Fig. 7 entlang der Schnittlinie VIII-VIII,

Fig. 9

einen Querschnitt durch die Gussform aus Fig. 7 entlang der Schnittlinie IX-IX und

Fig. 10

eine Aufsicht auf eine Einlegeplatte mit unterschiedlichen Musterformen.

Further details and advantages of a roof protection element according to the invention and a vehicle with such a roof protection element, a method for producing such a roof protection element and a mold for producing such a roof protection element, which is not part of the subject matter of the present invention, are explained below by way of example using exemplary embodiments of the invention shown schematically in the figures will. It shows:

1

a sketched arrangement of roof protection elements according to the invention on a vehicle to be protected,

Fig. 2a, b

a schematic cross section and a top view of a roof protection element,

3a, b

a cross section through a mold,

4

a supervision of a mold,

Fig. 5a, b

a top view and a side view of a stamp frame,

6

a side view of a guide element,

7

a top view of a mold of the permanent mold,

8

a cross section through the mold 7 along section line VIII-VIII,

9

a cross section through the mold 7 along the section line IX-IX and

10

a top view of an insert plate with different pattern shapes.

To cover the roof of an object to be protected, such as the in 1 To protect the tracked vehicle 100 shown as a sketch from bomblets falling onto the vehicle roof from above, roof protection elements 1 according to the invention are arranged on the latter on the threat side. As can be seen, the roof protection elements 1 are tiled together not only on the roof side of the vehicle pan 101 but also in the roof area of the tower 102 arranged adjacent. Thereby, the entire top of the vehicle 100 can be protected.

In order to allow access to the top of the vehicle 100, for example to attach equipment or to enter the vehicle 100 via a roof hatch, without unintentional damage to the roof protection elements 1 by stepping on them or other influences, such as branches falling on the vehicle 100 when driving through a forest, the roof protection elements 1 have the 2 structure shown.

In Figure 2a the structure of the roof protection element 1 can be seen in a cross-sectional view. The roof protection element 1 comprises a cover layer 3 and an active layer 2. The active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 are not connected to one another via an adhesive layer. Rather, the connection between the two layers 2, 3 is achieved by crosslinking the two layers 2, 3. Although in Figure 2a not shown, but there can also be intermediate layers between the cover layer 3 and the active layer 2, which are crosslinked with the active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 in order to indirectly connect the active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 to one another.

The active layer 2, which is less hard than the cover layer 3 to absorb the kinetic energy of a bomblet, is surrounded by the cover layer 3 on the threat side facing away from the object to be protected in the assembled state and on its peripheral sides. For this purpose, the cover layer 3 is designed in the manner of a hood, which has a smaller thickness D2 on the peripheral sides than the thickness D1 on the threat side. The reduced thickness D2 of the cover layer 3 on the peripheral sides of the roof protection element 1 makes it possible to arrange active layers 2 of roof protection elements 1 arranged next to one another in a tile-like manner in order to have the largest possible area with the active layers 2 to cover. At the same time, the cover layer 3 protects the peripheral sides from damage during assembly and in the event that one or more peripheral sides are exposed in the assembled state, for example in the edge area of an area tiled with roof protection elements 1, as shown in FIG 1 shown.

On the side facing away from the threat, the roof protection element 1 shown has a fastening plate 5 with which the roof protection element 1 can be mounted on an object to be protected. For assembly, the fastening plate 5 has fastening elements 6, which are used to produce a plug connection, screw connection, clamp connection and/or adhesive connection with the object to be protected. The fastening plate 5 can also consist of the cover layer material and/or be designed in one piece with the cover layer 3 . Nevertheless, the mounting plate 5 can also be made from a different material.

Figure 2b shows a plan view of the roof protection element 1, which has an embossed pattern 4 of zigzag lines. This pattern 4 is embossed on the cover layer 3 and protrudes from the surrounding surface of the roof protection element 1 . It serves as a non-slip pattern to prevent slipping when stepping on the roof protection element 1. Liquids, such as rainwater, can run off particularly easily between the pattern 4, particularly if the pattern 4, as shown, does not reach the edge of the threat side of the cover layer 3. However, other patterns 4 can also be provided, for example straight lines, dots and/or lettering.

The roof protection element 1 is manufactured using a casting process, for which castable plastic, in particular silicone, is used as the cover layer material and as the active layer material. In the manufacturing process, which in the following in connection with this In the mold 10 used, a plastic material is used for the cover layer 3, which hardens in a different temperature range than the plastic material of the active layer 2. The plastic material of the cover layer 3 hardens at high temperatures, in particular at high temperatures cross-linking silicone, while the plastic material of the active layer 2 only hardens at comparatively low temperatures, in particular it is a silicone which cross-links at room temperature.

An exemplary embodiment of a mold 10, which does not belong to the subject matter of the present invention, is shown in 3 and 4 shown. It is a mold 10 designed in the manner of a stamp mould. This mold 10 has a stamp 30 in addition to a shell-like mold 20 . A recess is provided in the casting mold 20 and forms the casting space 21 . The casting space 21 is open on one side and is limited only at the bottom and along its circumference by the casting mold 20 . The liquid and optionally colored plastic material of the cover layer 3 is poured into the casting space 21 . The stamp 30 is then introduced into the casting space 21 in such a way that it presses the liquid plastic material further into the mold 20 .

The stamp 30 has a stamp plate 35 which enters the casting space 21 for pressing in the plastic material of the cover layer. The stamping plate 35 is dimensioned smaller in comparison to the casting space 21 of the casting plate 20 , so that there is a circumferential distance D2 between the stamping plate 35 and the casting mold 20 . This distance D2 makes it possible for the plastic material of the cover layer 3 to be pushed up by the pressing of the stamp 30 in the peripheral area of the casting space 21 between the stamp plate 35 and the mold 20 . In this way, the plastic material is brought into a hood-like shape and at the same time the thickness D2 of the peripheral side of the cover layer 3 is specified.

Among other things, the total height of the cover layer 3 can be determined via the depth to which the stamping plate 35 enters the casting space 21 . The deeper the stamping plate 35 enters the casting space 21, the more cover layer material is pushed up at the edges and the higher the finished covering layer 3 becomes the top layer 3 specified.

Since it is undesirable for the pressed-up cover layer material to overflow onto the side of the stamping plate 35 facing away from the mold 20, the stamping plate 35 is provided with an in figure 5 stamp frame 36 shown provided. The stamp frame 36 acts as a kind of overflow protection in that its thickness DSR, together with the actual thickness of the stamp plate 35, leads to a greater effective thickness of the stamp plate 35. To connect the stamp frame 36 to the stamp plate 35, it has connection openings 36.1, which enable a screw connection 38 to be produced between the stamp plate 35 and the stamp frame 36. The detachable screw connections 38 allow the stamp frame 36 to be exchanged and thus the effective thickness of the stamp plate 35 to be easily adjusted by using stamp frames 36 of different thicknesses DSR.

In order for the stamp plate 35 to be able to dip into the casting space 21 in a reproducible manner, it is connected to two stamp guides 32 via a stamp foot 34 and two stamp arms 33, as shown in FIG 3 and 4 shown. The stamp base 34 and the stamp arms 33 together have a substantially T-shaped cross section. The stamp plate 35 is connected to the plate-shaped stamp foot 34 via screw connections 38 . This enables the stamping plate 35 to be exchanged in order to adjust the distance D1 and thus the subsequent thickness D1 of the cover layer 3 via the dimensions of the stamping plate 35 used. The stamp plate 35 is additionally pinned to the stamp foot 34 by means of cylindrical pins 37 .

The substantially cylindrical punch guide 32 arranged in the end region of the punch arm 33 makes it possible, together with an adjusting element 31, to set the distance between the punch 30 and the casting mold 20 in a reproducible manner. In particular, the distance D1 between the stamping plate 35 and the casting mold 20 can be adjusted with the aid of the stamp guide 32 and the helical adjusting element 31 and thus the subsequent threat-side thickness D1 of the cover layer 3 can be specified.

For this purpose, the stamp 30 rests on guide elements 26, of which 6 one is shown in more detail. The essentially cylindrical guide element 26 has a disc-shaped support element 26.2, which has a comparatively large radius. With this support element 26.2, which can be designed in one piece with the guide element 26, the guide element 26 can be supported on a support area 27 of the mold 20. Due to the larger radius of the supporting element 26.2, the additional supporting force of the ram 30 acting on the guide element 26 is transmitted to the mold 20 over a larger area, so that the pressure acting on the mold 20 is kept low. A fastening section 26.3 of the guide element 26 adjoining the support element 26.2 can pass through an opening 29 in the mold 20. The part of the fastening section 26.3 which emerges on the other side of the mold 20 and is provided with a thread 26.4 cooperates with a nut 28 for fastening the guide element 26 to the mold 20, as in FIG 3 shown.

On the side of the support element 26.2 opposite the fastening section 26.3, a guide section 26.1 of the guide element 26 adjoins the support element 26.2. The guide section 26.1 is designed in the manner of a cylinder with smooth surfaces. The guide section 26.1 dips, as in 3 shown, in the punch guide 32 a. The punch-side punch guide 32 and the mold-side guide member 26 form in this way a guide for the adjustment movement of the punch 30. The punch 30 rests loosely on the guide element 26 and can slide with the punch guide 32 axially along the guide section 26.1 while being prevented from transverse movements. Due to the guide section 26.1, the support element 26.2 and the fastening section 26.3, the guide element 26 is of essentially circular design.

To adjust the distance between the mold 20 and the punch 30, the 3 shown helical actuator 31 rotated about its longitudinal axis. Since the adjusting element 31 engages in a thread 39 of the punch guide 32 , turning the adjusting element 31 translates into an axial translation relative to the punch guide 32 . Since an end face of the adjusting element 31 rests on the end face of the guide section 26 . In this way, when the adjusting element 31 is rotated clockwise, the distance D1 between the mold 20 and the stamp 30 can be increased, while a counterclockwise rotation of the adjusting element 31 leads to a reduction in the distance D1.

The cover layer material pressed in this way into the mold 20 is baked in the mold 10 at high temperatures, with the plastic material of the cover layer beginning to crosslink itself. During cross-linking, a network is formed from the individual molecules and molecule chains, which increases the stability of the plastic material compared to the state before baking. This baking is completed before the plastic material is completely crosslinked, so that parts of the plastic material are still uncrosslinked and do not yet represent part of the network. This baking is preferably terminated at a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%. In this degree of crosslinking range, the plastic material of the cover layer 3 is already crosslinked to such an extent that the cover layer 3 can hold the shape specified by the mold 10 even without the stamp 30 . After this partial baking, the top layer 3 still has a residual moisture content which enables subsequent crosslinking with the active layer 2 .

In the next method step, the stamp 30 is therefore removed from the mold 20, for which purpose no connections have to be loosened in a simple manner, since the stamp 30 only rests on the guide elements 26 and enters the casting space 21 under its own weight to press in the cover layer material. The optionally colored plastic material of the active layer is poured onto the plastic material of the cover layer 3, which is not fully crosslinked and is supported on one side by the mold 20 and has a shell-like shape. The parts of the plastic material of the cover layer that are not yet crosslinked can mix with the added plastic material of the active layer or partially diffuse into one another.

The roof protection element 1 is then cured in the mold 20. The plastic material of the active layer 2 crosslinks not only with itself, but also with the parts of the plastic material of the cover layer 3 that have not yet crosslinked. After complete crosslinking, the two plastic materials form a continuous network connecting the active layer 2 and the top layer 3 .

In order to remove the roof protection element 1 from the mold 20 after all layers 2, 3 have been crosslinked, the Figures 7 to 9 Casting mold 20 shown has a squeezing-out opening 25 . This ejection opening 25 is arranged below the casting space 21 arranged between the support areas 27 . The lowered support areas 27 can also be seen. Centrally in the support areas 27 is that opening 29 of the mold 20 through which the attachment section 26.3 of the guide element 26 can pass for attachment to the mold 20.

A squeezing tool, not shown, can be inserted into the squeezing opening 25 from the side of the mold 20 that faces away from the casting space 21 for squeezing out the roof protection element 1 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the ejection tool does not act directly on the roof protection element 1 located in the casting space 21 and having a maximum depth A of the casting space 21, but first on an insert plate 23. For this purpose, the insert plate 23 is inserted into a receptacle 22 before the cover layer material is poured in. The squeezing force applied by the squeezing tool is distributed more evenly over the insert plate 23 over the roof protection element 1 so that it is pressed out of the mold 20 more gently. The thickness of this insert plate 23 corresponds to the depth E of the receptacle 22. In this way, the insert plate 23 terminates evenly with the casting space 21 in order to enable a planar surface of the cover layer 3 facing the threat.

In 10 several possible sides of the insert plate 23 facing the casting space 21 are shown as examples. The lower right quadrant of insert plate 23 has a flat surface. An insert plate 23 with such a flat surface leads to a flat threat-side surface of the cover layer 3.

The three other quadrants of the insert plate 23 have different pattern shapes 24 . These are, for example, a dot pattern, a straight line pattern, and a zigzag line pattern. The pattern shapes 24 can be elevations relative to the surface of the insert plate 23 surrounding them. These emboss a corresponding pattern 4 into the plastic material of the cover layer 3 during curing, since they additionally displace the plastic material. This leads to depressions in the finished top layer 3. The pattern shapes 24 can also be depressions in the surface of the insert plate 23, in which the plastic material flows into the mold 20 during pouring. This leads to elevations in the finished cover layer 3. Likewise, the pattern shapes 24 can also consist of a combination of depressions and elevations, as a result of which more complicated surface structures can also be achieved in the finished cover layer 3.

In the 10 The surface structure of the insert plate 23 shown is only intended to represent some of the possible pattern shapes 24 as an example. Other pattern shapes, such as lettering or wave patterns, are possible. The insert plate 23 preferably has a single pattern shape 24, although combinations of several pattern shapes 24 on an insert plate 23 are also possible.

No adhesive layer is used between the cover layer 3 and the active layer 2 in the roof protection element 1 according to the invention. The additional adhesive connection between the two layers 2, 3 is thus eliminated. In addition, the hardness of the silicone can be adjusted in order to ensure optimum step protection for the cover layer 3 and protection against bomblets for the active layer 2. Both layers 2, 3 can be colored and/or painted in any desired RAL color. Since no adhesive is used with this roof protection element 1 and the step protection materials are also made of silicone, the number of elements in the system has been reduced.

With the roof protection element 1, the vehicle 100 and the method for producing the roof protection element 1, a roof protection with greater durability and a longer service life can be achieved.

References:

1

roof protection element

2

active layer

3

top layer

4

sample

5

mounting plate

6

fastener

10

mold

20

mold

21

casting room

22

recording

23

insert plate

24

pattern shape

25

ejection opening

26

guide element

26.1

guide section

26.2

support element

26.3

attachment section

26.4

thread

27

support area

28

mother

29

opening

30

Rubber stamp

31

actuator

32

punch guide

33

punch arms

34

stamp foot

35

stamp plate

36

stamp frame

36.1

connection opening

37

Pen

38

screw connection

39

thread

100

vehicle

101

vehicle tub

102

Tower

A

depth

E

depth

D1

thickness

D2

thickness

DSR

thickness

Claims (12)

1. Roof protection element, in particular for protecting the roof of a military vehicle (100), having an active layer (2) composed of a first plastics material for protection against bombardment, in particular by means of ballistic bomblets, and a cover layer (3) composed of a second plastics material which differs from the first plastics material, for covering the active layer (2), wherein

   the plastics material of the active layer (2) and the plastics material or the cover layer (3) are connected to one another in a crosslinking manner,

   characterized in that

   the cover layer (3) surrounds the active layer (2) in the manner of a hood.
2. Roof protection element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the active layer (2) has a lower hardness than the cover layer (3).
3. Roof protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastics material of the cover layer (3) and the plastics material of the active layer (2) are plastics materials that harden in different temperature ranges.
4. Roof protection element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the plastics material of the cover layer (3) is a material that hardens at high temperatures, in particular a silicone that crosslinks at high temperatures, and that the plastics material of the active layer (4) is a material that hardens at low temperatures, in particular a silicone that crosslinks at room temperature.
5. Roof protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pattern (4), in particular a non-slip pattern, is impressed and/or imprinted on the cover layer (3).
6. Vehicle, in particular a military vehicle, characterized by a roof protection element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5.
7. Method for producing a roof protection element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the cover layer (3) and the active layer (2) are connected to one another in a crosslinking manner,
   characterized in that
   the cover layer (3) surrounds the active layer (2) in the manner of a hood.
8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the plastics material of the cover layer (3) is cast for forming in a mould (10), in particular a punch mould.
9. Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the plastics material of the cover layer (3), in particular in the mould (10), is fully baked.
10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the baking of the plastics material of the cover layer (3) is ended when the plastics material of the cover layer (3) is only partially crosslinked, the baking is preferably ended when a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%, in particular of 95%, is reached.
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the plastics material of the active layer (2) is cast on the partially crosslinked cover layer (3).
12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the plastics material of the cover layer (3) and the plastics material of the active layer (2) are crosslinked with one another during hardening.

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