EP2960027B1 - Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole - Google Patents
Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2960027B1 EP2960027B1 EP14173973.0A EP14173973A EP2960027B1 EP 2960027 B1 EP2960027 B1 EP 2960027B1 EP 14173973 A EP14173973 A EP 14173973A EP 2960027 B1 EP2960027 B1 EP 2960027B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- jacket
- cap
- tool according
- undercutting tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006362 TeflonĀ® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000181 anti-adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/20—Moulds for making shaped articles with undercut recesses, e.g. dovetails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
- B28B7/303—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding specially for making undercut recesses or continuous cavities the inner section of which is superior to the section of either of the mouths
Definitions
- the invention relates to an undercut tool for producing a blind hole in flowable, curable mixtures.
- Such an undercut tool comprises a connector for connecting the undercut tool to a mold and a mandrel which is slidably mounted along a longitudinal axis of the mandrel in the connector.
- the longitudinal axis of the mandrel also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the blind hole in the batch when the tool is in operation.
- On the basis of the longitudinal axis of the mandrel can also define a direction of action. This is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, along which it is displaceable.
- the direction of action points in the direction of the mixture, i. away from the tool or mold into the interior of the mold where the batch is located. In the direction of the mixture or in the effective direction of the mandrel is closed by a cap.
- the undercut tool also includes a sheath of a reversibly deformable under pressure material, which completely surrounds the mandrel in a region which is located between the connector and the cover, to the outside.
- the jacket has around the mandrel at least one cavity with a defined geometry. The geometry of the cavity is predetermined such that the jacket bulges locally under the action of pressure along the direction of action in the region of the cavity, whereby a blind hole with a shape corresponding to the jacket in the bulged state can be formed in the mixture which surrounds the jacket.
- the flowability of the mixture is different, with clay mixtures usually rather low, as these are usually given as "batzenā in compression molding and already have a certain strength when removing from the mold before curing, which prevent re-deformation of the geometric shape , not least because when pressing the water content in the clay mixture is reduced.
- the undercut tool described at the outset can be used to introduce blind holes into the corresponding elements before curing during the molding process.
- a deformable mandrel is used. This contains a cavity that can be filled with a liquid from the outside and has a supply line. The shell of the molding is deformed by the pressure exerted by the liquid from the inside.
- JP 2009-101611 A a device is shown with an elastic member which is deformable so that in a deformable material blind holes can be produced.
- the undercut tool comprises a connector for connecting the tool to a mold.
- the connecting piece can be provided with a thread, for example, so that the undercut tool can be screwed into a mold.
- an attachment via bolts or a tension can be realized with appropriate design with the connector, wherein the respective form, such as a flow mold or a mold, corresponding receiving possibilities for the undercut tool with its connector must be provided.
- the connector can also be made in one piece with the mold.
- a mandrel displaceable along a direction of action extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the blind hole or of the mandrel is supported, which in the case of a connecting piece produced integrally with the mold is thus guided directly in an opening of the mold.
- the longitudinal axis of the blind hole also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, the mandrel is thus slidably mounted along its longitudinal or symmetry axis.
- the mandrel may be made of a variety of materials that are strong enough to withstand the manufacturing process of the product without damage.
- the mandrel may be made of metal, plastic, glass, ceramic or wood.
- the sheath of the undercut tool is made of a reversibly deformable under pressure material and surrounds the mandrel in a region which is located between the connector and cap, outwardly completely. This area may comprise the entire length of the mandrel between the connector and cap, or even a portion. As a result, no mixture can reach the mandrel.
- An essential feature of the shell is the reversible deformability under pressure, wherein the pressure along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel is constructed, for example, opposite to the effective direction through the mixture when introduced into this and through the mold itself along the direction of action.
- the jacket can be made for example of an elastically deformable plastic, silicone or rubber.
- the jacket In cross section, the jacket is usually circular in shape, but deviating shapes such as an elliptical or polygonal shape or a combination of such shapes are possible if special blind hole geometries are required. This also includes asymmetric or other shapes for the cross-section, since the tool is not rotated in the batch like a conventional drill.
- the sheath around the mandrel has at least one cavity with a defined geometry.
- the geometry of the cavity is predetermined so that the jacket under pressure along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, i. locally bulges parallel to the direction of action, in the region of the cavity, whereby in the mixture surrounding the shell, a blind hole with a shape corresponding to the jacket in a bulged state can be formed.
- the jacket is at this point of small thickness than in the rear area closer to the connector, where the jacket rests directly on the mandrel. If the mantle has a multiplicity of very small cavities around the mandrel, the density of the mantle is lower at this point, which produces the same effect: the mandrel is moved in such a way that the cap moves in the direction of the connecting piece, ie counter to the effective direction out of the mold, the mantle is more deformed at the point where the cavities are located. It forms at this point a bead with a larger diameter than it has the jacket in the region of the connecting piece.
- the elasticity of the material used for the jacket can be tailored to the properties, in particular the flow properties of the mixture to be cured.
- the Shore hardness of the deformable material can be selected for example in a range between 20 Shore and 90 Shore. No special requirements are imposed on the surface finish of the jacket; it can be smooth, corrugated, grained or otherwise roughened in order to achieve the lowest possible adhesion of the batch to be processed to the jacket.
- Sheath, mandrel and / or cap are usually designed interchangeable. The cap may in particular be screwed onto the mandrel, the jacket can be pushed with the cap removed, for example, on the mandrel.
- Cover and mandrel can also be made in one piece, the mandrel can then, for example, in a corresponding slide, which is guided in the connector to be screwed.
- the mandrel may be freely movable in the connector, it may also be resiliently mounted, or, if required by the manufacturing process, also be driven along its longitudinal axis, wherein the drive may be electromotive, pneumatic, hydraulic or otherwise.
- the shape of the blind hole is determined essentially by the geometry of the cavity and can be easily varied by the pressure.
- the geometry of the blind hole can be formed, for example, with the shape of a barrel, a pear or a truncated cone, in the latter case also with at least partially frustoconical shape, which tapers towards the opening of the blind hole.
- the at least one cavity is, for example, in the front region of the jacket in the direction of action, i. in the region in which the jacket adjoins the cover, arranged to settle the truncated cone as deep as possible in the blind hole.
- When using a plurality of larger cavities along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel can also produce more complex shapes of the blind hole, such as blind holes with wavy walls.
- a bulge is formed at at least one point of the blind hole, i. an area where the diameter of the blind hole is larger than its opening. This is achieved by the at least one correspondingly formed cavity in the jacket.
- the cavity is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blind hole or of the mandrel.
- the mold for example a mold.
- the mixture is filled into the mold, the mold is closed and the mixture in the mold is formed into a blank by pressing.
- the mandrel moves due to the pressure exerted by the mixture from its initial position - with a relaxed elastic jacket - along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel or the blind hole, in a mold against the direction of action in the direction out of the mold.
- the jacket is compressed and bulges locally in the region of the at least one cavity.
- the mold is opened again, so that the mandrel returns to its original position.
- the blank is removed from the mold. In the blank remains a blind hole with the jacket in the arched state corresponding shape.
- undercutting tool is the jacket in the rear direction in the direction of action - ie in the area which is farthest from the cap, and which adjoins the connecting piece, designed widening against the direction of action, so that under pressure effect in the direction of action a AusschalschrƤge can be formed, which facilitates the removal of the tool and the insertion of latching means in the blind hole in the hardened mixture.
- the use of different shell shapes and in particular of coats of different elasticity or compressibility can lead to the AusschalschrƤge is more or less pronounced depending on the coat used, that has a shape dependent on the shell.
- the jacket material may have such properties, which lead to the fact despite the formation of a corresponding taper in the rear region in the direction of the direction of action to the cap out AusschalschrƤge not formed.
- moisture accumulating in the at least one cavity between jacket and mandrel can, on the one hand, change the bulging behavior of the jacket with a corresponding quantity of liquid the shell and / or the mandrel can react in an undesirable manner, so that there forms, for example, mold or rust.
- the object of the invention is an undercut tool of the type described above, as is particularly in the EP 2 684 659 A1 is described, and in particular to further develop that the disadvantages mentioned are eliminated.
- the undercut tool comprises a chamfer ring for generating a AusschalschrƤge in the batch, wherein the chamfer ring on the cap along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel opposite side of the shell abuts this.
- the chamfer ring is thus on that side of the jacket, which is opposite to the direction of action, that points in the direction of the connector.
- the chamfer is arranged so that it tapers in the direction of the mixture, ie in the direction of the cap or in the effective direction and widens against the effective direction.
- the advantage of using a separate chamfer ring over incorporation into the cladding is that the formation of the clipping slope becomes independent of the choice of cladding material, and thus greater uniformity in the formation of the clipping slope is achieved.
- the jacket then completely encloses the mandrel between the cap and the chamfer ring to the outside.
- the chamfer ring may be part of the connecting piece, but is expediently made as a separate component, which allows easy changing and allows to remove the chamfer ring from the connector so that there is no elevation left, resulting in a use of the mold without the use of the tool disadvantageous as depressions in the mixture could be noticeable.
- a cover pin is expediently provided, which are exchanged for the mandrel, sheath and bevel ring and can be used in the tool.
- This cover pin preferably has a head that allows a flush finish with the surface of the tool facing the batch, so that the tool leaves no imprints in the batch when not in use.
- the cover pin By means of the cover pin the conversion of the mold is facilitated on the production of objects without blind holes, since not the entire tool, but only the mandrel, including the jacket and chamfer ring must be removed. Similar to the mandrel and the cover pin can be screwed into a corresponding slider or a bracket on the connector or tool, the slider can then be locked to prevent sliding over corresponding locking means, alternatively, the cover pin, for example, with the slide so far be screwed that a shift along the effective direction is prevented. If the chamfer ring is made as a separate component, then it is preferably formed on a guide piece with a guide for the mandrel. In this way, the chamfer ring via the guide piece also contributes to the stabilization of the directed movement of the dome.
- the mandrel opposite the guide on a Unterpassung with game may for example be between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, preferably it is 0.75 mm.
- the game may for example be between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, preferably it is 0.75 mm.
- the tool comprises means for securing the casing and / or chamfer ring against rotation, for the chamfer ring in particular when it is manufactured as a separate component.
- Such anti-rotation means are particularly useful if no rotationally symmetrical blind hole, but a blind hole with a lower symmetry - for example, elliptical or hexagonal cross-section - or a blind hole is to be generated with an asymmetric cross-section.
- the shape of the blind hole is better fixed in this way, a corresponding for this shape of the blind hole trained element for insertion into the blind hole then finds better support, which is not least in such situations of significant advantage in which the element is exposed to strong tensile stresses.
- the chamfer ring on its side facing the shell on which are formed engaging under pressure in the jacket and thus prevent rotation of the shell relative to the chamfer ring can also be arranged or formed on the side of the covering cap facing the jacket. These formations may be formed as small teeth or barbs, which press into the elastic material of the shell, in particular when the shell is elastically compressed by the mixture in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel or the blind hole.
- the chamfer ring is not firmly formed on the connecting piece, but rather as a separate component, it advantageously has a cross-section as outer polyhedron in its side facing away from the jacket.
- an inner polygon is designed with appropriate dimensions, on which the outer polygon is placed.
- the chamfer ring is then formed engaging over the outer polyhedron in an inner polyhedron formed on the connector.
- the outer polyhedron can also be formed on the connecting piece and the inner polygon on the chamfer ring or the guide piece on which the chamfer ring is formed.
- a groove for venting is advantageously provided in the longitudinal direction, this groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the cap opposite end of the shaft of the mandrel to at least in the region in which the shell has at least one cavity, as a rule close to the cap.
- the mandrel is also formed with a stop for setting a predetermined stroke, this stop can also be set variably.
- this, in cooperation with a correspondingly formed on the connector stop surface ensures that the depth of the blind hole and the compression of the shell along the longitudinal direction of the mandrel are substantially identical.
- the mixture facing the batch surface of the cap is convexly curved and has at each point one of zero different curvature on.
- the cap on this surface namely flat areas, as well as in the EP 2 684 659 A1 described apparatus may be the case, ie have a curvature of zero, the mixture is compressed in these areas in the production of the blind hole more compressed, so that the surface structure, especially for workpieces with a small thickness, such as roof tiles, changes what The surface in this area leads to a slightly different color shading. In roof tiles such color deviations are noticeable after assembly and change, as they occur in large numbers, the appearance of the roof as a whole, which is undesirable.
- this effect can be largely prevented or limited to a region of minimal expansion at the top of the cap with a tangent perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blind hole or the mandrel, which is not visible.
- the curvature of the surface of the cap can be anywhere constant and different from zero, which corresponds to the section of a spherical surface. However, the curvature preferably varies and decreases towards the edge of the cap. This allows a better adaptation of the surface of the cap with regard to an optimized pressure distribution in the mixture.
- the surface of the cap can have a comparatively strong convex curvature only in the region of the tip facing the mixture, which lies on the symmetry axis in the case of a rotationally symmetrical cap, somewhat in a range of up to 2 mm from the axis of symmetry Outside. This is followed by a region with a concave curvature to the region of the outer edge, wherein the amount of the concave curvature is much smaller than the amount of the convex curvature, so it is weaker.
- the surface of the covering cap facing the mixture is composed of a first conical surface in the region of the tip of the covering cap and of at least one second conical surface which adjoins the first conical surface; to the last conical surface then connects the mandrel or coat.
- the cone angle - the opening angle of the cone - the first conical surface is smaller than the cone angle of the second conical surface, or take the cone angle successively.
- the connecting piece from a region surrounding the mandrel to an outer region continuous grooves and / or openings, which may be configured, for example, as holes whose cross-section may also have other shapes attached, which serve to remove impurities.
- the tool aligned in the same way as described above, ie with an upward Cover cap so can mixture, which has infiltrated the tool in the area of the mandrel, are transported under the action of gravity down and in an outdoor area adjacent to the outside of the mold. There, the mixture can fall into a corresponding receiving device and be transported away.
- the cover cap and / or the mandrel and / or the chamfer ring at least partially with a layer of an anti-adhesive material or at least partially or even completely made of a material having anti-adhesive properties.
- the properties of the non-adherence or non-adherence refers to the mixture, also in this way it can be ensured that the blind hole always has the same depth, since no disturbing impurities between shell, mandrel and chamfer ring or between chamfer ring and connector penetrate can, what may could prevent the mandrel is pushed by the mixture to the stop against the direction of action from the mold.
- the region with the more pointed first conical surface may be made of Teflon or coated with Teflon while the region with the blunt, second conical surface is made of steel.
- the whole cap can be made of Teflon or a similar material with anti-adhesive effect.
- FIG. 1 is an undercut tool for producing a blind hole in flowable, curable mixtures shown, which is inserted into a mold 1.
- a connector 2 To connect the undercut tool with the mold 1 is a connector 2.
- a mandrel 3 In the connector 2, a mandrel 3 is mounted, which is slidably mounted in the connector 2 along its longitudinal axis, which also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the blind hole. Parallel to the longitudinal axis extends a direction of action, this is defined as the direction in which a cap 4 closes the mandrel 3 in the direction of the batch.
- the tool also comprises a jacket 5 made of a reversibly deformable under pressure material, which completely surrounds the mandrel 3 in a region on the circumference to the outside and rests on the one side of the cap.
- the jacket has around the mandrel 3 at least one cavity 6 with a defined geometry.
- the geometry of the cavity 6 is predetermined such that the shell 5 bulges locally under the action of pressure along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel 3 in the region of the cavity 6, wherein in the mixture surrounding the shell 5, a blind hole with a jacket 5 in the bulged Condition corresponding form is formed or is formed.
- the undercut tool also includes a chamfer ring 7 for creating a Ausscha bevel in the batch.
- the chamfer ring 7 rests on the cap 4 along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel 3 opposite side of the shell 5 of this, so that the shell completely surrounds the mandrel 3 in this area between the bevel ring 7 and cap 4 to the outside.
- the chamfer ring 7 is here formed on a guide piece with a guide 9 for the mandrel 3, both form a unit.
- the mandrel 3 is not accurately guided in the guide 9, but has its opposite a Unterpassung with a game of about 0.75 mm. This facilitates the removal of mixture, which may possibly reach between jacket 5, mandrel 3 and / or bevel ring 7, since the jacket 5 is placed only on the mandrel 3 and received with this no permanent connection.
- the tool when removing the tool, when the jacket 5 is relaxed, can penetrate into these areas, even between the jacket 5 and cap 4, in small quantities mixture.
- the mandrel 3 can also be tilted sideways.
- the undercut tool also has means for securing the jacket 5 against rotation relative to the chamfer ring 7.
- the chamfer ring 7 on his the shell 5 side facing formations 10, which are formed engaging under pressure in the jacket 5 and thus prevent rotation of the shell 5 relative to the chamfer ring 7.
- These formations 10 may be formed, for example, as teeth or barbs.
- the metallic mold In the production of clay products such as roof tiles, the metallic mold is often subjected to electrical current after pressing, which facilitates the separation of the still moist and therefore water-containing product from the mold.
- the cap and the mandrel can also be energized.
- the individual elements can be acted upon by a conductivity-increasing element, such as a contact grease.
- a groove 11 is mounted for venting.
- the groove 11 extends along the longitudinal direction from the cap 4 opposite end of the mandrel 3 to at least in the region in which the jacket 5 has the at least one cavity 6. Through this groove 11, moisture or mixture, which has accumulated in the cavity 6, also be transported down from the cavity 6 and out of the tool.
- mandrel 3 is also provided with a stop 12, which serves to set a predetermined stroke. In this way it can be ensured that the blind hole always has the same depth.
- the thorn 3 itself is as in FIG. 1 shown, also connected via a thread with a slider 13 which, in cooperation with corresponding, formed on the connector 2 stops ensures that the mandrel 3 does not remain in the batch and which simultaneously the mandrel 3 also leads.
- the mixture of the facing surface of the cap 4 is convexly curved and has at each point a non-zero, preferably varying and decreasing towards the edge curvature.
- the stop 12 is incorporated here in the mandrel 3, but can also be variably adjustable. Such a variable setting can be made for example by means of an intermediate ring, not shown, which is screwed onto the same thread with which the mandrel 3 is also screwed to the slider 13.
- connection piece 2 also grooves and / or holes for the removal of impurities may be introduced, which pass from a region surrounding the mandrel 3 to an outside area below the tool.
- Cover 4, mandrel 3 and / or chamfer ring 7 are preferably non-stick coated or made of a material having non-stick properties to prevent aggregate from attaching to these elements.
- the chamfer ring 7 is in the FIGS. 3a-3c shown in detail again.
- FIG. 3a is a plan view of the chamfer ring 7 shown in FIG. 3b a section along the axis AA and in Figure 3c a perspective view of the chamfer ring 7 is shown.
- On its side facing away from the jacket of the chamfer ring 7 is formed so that it has the shape of a rƩellevielkants 14 in cross section. This is especially good in the top view FIG. 3a to recognize.
- This outer polygon 14 of the chamfer ring 7 engages in a formed in the connector 2, corresponding inner polygon. In this way, the chamfer ring 7 is protected against twisting against the mold.
- Mandrel 3, 5 jacket and chamfer ring 7 can also be removed from the tool, the connector 2 is flush with the inner edge of the mold 1 from.
- a cover pin which is not shown here, can be used, which is dimensioned so that it is also flush with the inner edge of the connector 2, so that form 1, connector 2 and the surface of the Cover pin form a flat surface.
- a cap 15 is shown, the surface facing the mixture only in the region of the tip has a convex and otherwise a concave, decreasing towards the outer edge curvature.
- the cap 15 is made of steel, but coated in the region of the tip with a Teflon layer 17 with anti-adhesive effect.
- a further cap 16 is shown, which is made in two pieces from two cone parts.
- the surface of the covering cap 16 facing the mixture is designed as a cone with a first conical surface 18, and in the adjoining region between cone and mandrel 3 it is designed as a truncated cone with a second conical surface 19.
- the cone angle of the first conical surface 18 on the cone is smaller than the cone angle of the second conical surface 19 on the truncated cone.
- the cone with the first conical surface 18 is made of Teflon
- the truncated cone with the second conical surface is made of steel. Both parts are connected to each other, for example glued or screwed.
- undercut tool With the undercut tool described above, it is possible to produce blind holes of constant quality and dimensions in flowable, curable mixtures. If no blind hole is needed, then the tool can be rebuilt so that it does not become noticeable in the mixture, but it can remain in the mold.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hinterschneidungswerkzeug zur Erzeugung eines Sackloches in flieĆfƤhigen, aushƤrtbaren Gemengen. Ein solches Hinterschneidungswerkzeug umfasst ein VerbindungsstĆ¼ck zur Verbindung des Hinterschneidungswerkzeugs mit einer Form und einen Dorn, welcher entlang einer LƤngsachse des Dorns im VerbindungsstĆ¼ck verschiebbar gelagert ist. Die LƤngsachse des Dorns entspricht auch der LƤngsachse des Sacklochs im Gemenge, wenn das Werkzeug in Betrieb ist. Anhand der LƤngsachse des Dorns lƤsst sich auch eine Wirkrichtung definieren. Diese liegt parallel zur LƤngsachse des Dorns, entlang welcher er verschiebbar ist. Die Wirkrichtung weist in Richtung des Gemenges, d.h. von dem Werkzeug bzw. der Form weg in das Innere der Form, wo sich das Gemenge befindet. In Richtung des Gemenges bzw. in Wirkrichtung wird der Dorn durch eine Abdeckkappe abgeschlossen.The invention relates to an undercut tool for producing a blind hole in flowable, curable mixtures. Such an undercut tool comprises a connector for connecting the undercut tool to a mold and a mandrel which is slidably mounted along a longitudinal axis of the mandrel in the connector. The longitudinal axis of the mandrel also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the blind hole in the batch when the tool is in operation. On the basis of the longitudinal axis of the mandrel can also define a direction of action. This is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, along which it is displaceable. The direction of action points in the direction of the mixture, i. away from the tool or mold into the interior of the mold where the batch is located. In the direction of the mixture or in the effective direction of the mandrel is closed by a cap.
Das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug umfasst auĆerdem einen Mantel aus einem unter Druck reversibel verformbaren Material, welcher den Dorn in einem Bereich, der sich zwischen VerbindungsstĆ¼ck und Abdeckkappe befindet, nach auĆen hin vollstƤndig umschlieĆt. Der Mantel weist um den Dorn herum mindestens einen Hohlraum mit einer definierten Geometrie auf. Die Geometrie des Hohlraums ist dabei derart vorgegeben, dass sich der Mantel unter Druckeinwirkung entlang der Wirkrichtung im Bereich des Hohlraums lokal auswƶlbt, wodurch im Gemenge, welches den Mantel umgibt, ein Sackloch mit einer dem Mantel im ausgewƶlbten Zustand entsprechenden Form ausbildbar ist.The undercut tool also includes a sheath of a reversibly deformable under pressure material, which completely surrounds the mandrel in a region which is located between the connector and the cover, to the outside. The jacket has around the mandrel at least one cavity with a defined geometry. The geometry of the cavity is predetermined such that the jacket bulges locally under the action of pressure along the direction of action in the region of the cavity, whereby a blind hole with a shape corresponding to the jacket in the bulged state can be formed in the mixture which surrounds the jacket.
Ein solches Hinterschneidungswerkzeug ist beispielsweise in der
Im Stand der Technik ist eine Vielzahl von Produkten bekannt, welche aus flieĆfƤhigem, aushƤrtbarem Gemenge hergestellt werden. Beispiele fĆ¼r solche Gemenge sind Tonmischungen, aus denen im industriellen Bereich Dachziegel oder Steine hergestellt werden. Ein anderes Beispiel ist Beton, aus dem sich Dachsteine, Bahnschwellen, Mauersteine, Fertigteile und eine Vielzahl von anderen Produkten fertigen lassen. Derlei Werkstoffe werden erst geformt und anschlieĆend ausgehƤrtet, um den geformten Gegenstand dauerhaft auch ohne umschlieĆende Form bestƤndig werden zu lassen. Dazu werden Tonmischungen gebrannt und Beton mit Zement abgebunden und ggf. durch RĆ¼tteln verdichtet. Durch diese chemischen und physikalischen Prozesse wird den Gemengen Wasser entzogen bzw. in den Gemengen gebunden, wodurch sie aushƤrten. Die FlieĆfƤhigkeit der Gemenge ist dabei unterschiedlich, bei Tonmischungen in der Regel eher gering, da diese meist als "Batzen" in Pressformen gegeben werden und beim Entfernen aus der Form vor der AushƤrtung schon eine gewisse Festigkeit aufweisen, die eine erneute Verformung der geometrischen Gestalt verhindern, nicht zuletzt, da beim Pressen auch der Wasseranteil in der Tonmischung verringert wird.In the prior art, a variety of products are known, which are made of flowable, curable mixture. Examples of such mixtures are clay mixtures from which roof tiles or stones are produced in the industrial sector. Another example is concrete, from which roof tiles, railway sleepers, bricks, prefabricated parts and a variety of other products can be made. Such materials are first shaped and then cured in order to make the molded article durable even without enclosing shape. For this purpose, clay mixtures are fired and concrete bonded with cement and optionally compacted by shaking. Due to these chemical and physical processes, the mixtures are deprived of water or bound in the mixtures, whereby they harden. The flowability of the mixture is different, with clay mixtures usually rather low, as these are usually given as "batzen" in compression molding and already have a certain strength when removing from the mold before curing, which prevent re-deformation of the geometric shape , not least because when pressing the water content in the clay mixture is reduced.
Um an Steinen, Ziegeln und anderen GegenstƤnden, die auf die oben beschriebene Weise hergestellt werden, weitere Elemente befestigen zu kƶnnen, kann das eingangs beschriebene Hinterschneidungswerkzeug verwendet werden, um vor der AushƤrtung wƤhrend der Formung Sacklƶcher in die entsprechenden Elemente einzubringen.In order to be able to fasten further elements to bricks, bricks and other objects which are produced in the manner described above, the undercut tool described at the outset can be used to introduce blind holes into the corresponding elements before curing during the molding process.
In der
In der
Wie eingangs erwƤhnt, umfasst das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug ein VerbindungsstĆ¼ck zur Verbindung des Werkzeugs mit einer Form. Das VerbindungsstĆ¼ck kann beispielsweise mit einem Gewinde versehen sein, so dass das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug in eine Form eingeschraubt werden kann. Aber auch eine Befestigung Ć¼ber Bolzen oder eine Verspannung lassen sich bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung mit dem VerbindungsstĆ¼ck realisieren, wobei an der jeweiligen Form, beispielsweise einer FlieĆform oder einer Pressform, entsprechende Aufnahmemƶglichkeiten fĆ¼r das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug mit seinem VerbindungsstĆ¼ck vorgesehen sein mĆ¼ssen. Alternativ kann das VerbindungsstĆ¼ck auch einstĆ¼ckig mit der Form gefertigt sein.As mentioned above, the undercut tool comprises a connector for connecting the tool to a mold. The connecting piece can be provided with a thread, for example, so that the undercut tool can be screwed into a mold. But also an attachment via bolts or a tension can be realized with appropriate design with the connector, wherein the respective form, such as a flow mold or a mold, corresponding receiving possibilities for the undercut tool with its connector must be provided. Alternatively, the connector can also be made in one piece with the mold.
Im VerbindungsstĆ¼ck des Hinterschneidungswerkzeugs ist ein entlang einer zu einer LƤngsachse des Sacklochs bzw. des Dorns parallel verlaufenden Wirkrichtung verschiebbarer Dorn gelagert, welcher im Falle eines einstĆ¼ckig mit der Form gefertigten VerbindungsstĆ¼cks somit unmittelbar in einer Ćffnung der Form gefĆ¼hrt wird. Die LƤngsachse des Sacklochs entspricht dabei auch der LƤngsachse des Dorns, der Dorn ist also entlang seiner LƤngs- bzw. Symmetrieachse verschiebbar gelagert. Unter der Wirkrichtung wird dabei die Richtung entlang der LƤngsachse verstanden, die in das Innere der Form, also in Richtung des Gemenges gerichtet ist, da der Dorn in dieser Richtung das Gemenge beim SchlieĆen der Form oder beim Einbringen in das Gemenge, unterstĆ¼tzt durch die Abdeckkappe, welche in der Regel einen gegenĆ¼ber dem Dorn grƶĆeren Durchmesser aufweist, verdrƤngt, wƤhrend beim Entfernen des Dorns aus dem so erzeugten Sackloch das Gemenge in der erzeugten Form verharrt, das Sackloch also bestehen bleibt. Beim Entfernen des Dorns Ć¼bt dieser also keine unmittelbare Wirkung auf das Gemenge aus. Der Dorn kann aus den verschiedensten Materialen gefertigt sein, welche stabil genug sind, um den Herstellungsprozess des Produkts unbeschadet zu Ć¼berstehen. Beispielsweise kann der Dorn aus Metall, Kunststoff, Glas, Keramik oder Holz gefertigt sein.In the connecting piece of the undercut tool, a mandrel displaceable along a direction of action extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the blind hole or of the mandrel is supported, which in the case of a connecting piece produced integrally with the mold is thus guided directly in an opening of the mold. The longitudinal axis of the blind hole also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, the mandrel is thus slidably mounted along its longitudinal or symmetry axis. Under the direction of action is understood to mean the direction along the longitudinal axis, which is directed into the interior of the mold, ie in the direction of the mixture, since the mandrel in this direction the mixture when closing the mold or when introduced into the mixture, supported by the cap , which usually has a diameter larger than the mandrel displaced, while the mixture remains in the generated shape when removing the mandrel from the blind hole thus produced, the blind hole thus remains. When removing the mandrel this exerts no direct effect on the mixture. The mandrel may be made of a variety of materials that are strong enough to withstand the manufacturing process of the product without damage. For example, the mandrel may be made of metal, plastic, glass, ceramic or wood.
In Wirkrichtung, d.h. in Richtung des Gemenges wird der Dorn von der Abdeckkappe abgeschlossen. Diese Abdeckkappe dient zum einen dem Schutz des Dorns, zum anderen aber auch der effizienten VerdrƤngung des Gemenges um den Dorn herum bei Erzeugung des Sacklochs.In the direction of action, i. in the direction of the mixture of the mandrel is completed by the cap. This cap serves on the one hand to protect the mandrel, on the other hand, but also the efficient displacement of the mixture around the mandrel when creating the blind hole.
Der Mantel des Hinterschneidungswerkzeugs ist aus einem unter Druck reversibel verformbaren Material und umschlieĆt den Dorn in einem Bereich, der sich zwischen VerbindungsstĆ¼ck und Abdeckkappe befindet, nach auĆen hin vollstƤndig. Dieser Bereich kann die gesamte LƤnge des Dorns zwischen VerbindungsstĆ¼ck und Abdeckkappe umfassen, oder auch nur einen Teilabschnitt. Dadurch kann kein Gemenge an den Dorn gelangen. Eine wesentliche Eigenschaft des Mantels ist dabei die reversible Verformbarkeit unter Druck, wobei der Druck entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns aufgebaut wird, beispielsweise entgegengesetzt der Wirkrichtung durch das Gemenge beim Einbringen in dieses und durch die Form selbst entlang der Wirkrichtung. Dazu kann der Mantel beispielsweise aus einem elastisch verformbaren Kunststoff, Silikon oder aus Kautschuk gefertigt sein. Im Querschnitt hat der Mantel in der Regel eine kreisfƶrmige Form, aber auch davon abweichende Formen, wie eine elliptische oder polygonale Form oder eine Kombination solcher Formen sind mƶglich, falls spezielle Sacklochgeometrien erforderlich sind. Dies beinhaltet auch asymmetrische oder andere Formen fĆ¼r den Querschnitt, da das Werkzeug im Gemenge nicht wie ein Ć¼blicher Bohrer gedreht wird.The sheath of the undercut tool is made of a reversibly deformable under pressure material and surrounds the mandrel in a region which is located between the connector and cap, outwardly completely. This area may comprise the entire length of the mandrel between the connector and cap, or even a portion. As a result, no mixture can reach the mandrel. An essential feature of the shell is the reversible deformability under pressure, wherein the pressure along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel is constructed, for example, opposite to the effective direction through the mixture when introduced into this and through the mold itself along the direction of action. For this purpose, the jacket can be made for example of an elastically deformable plastic, silicone or rubber. In cross section, the jacket is usually circular in shape, but deviating shapes such as an elliptical or polygonal shape or a combination of such shapes are possible if special blind hole geometries are required. This also includes asymmetric or other shapes for the cross-section, since the tool is not rotated in the batch like a conventional drill.
SchlieĆlich weist der Mantel um den Dorn herum mindestens einen Hohlraum mit einer definierten Geometrie auf. Die Geometrie des Hohlraums ist dabei derart vorgegeben, dass sich der Mantel unter Druckeinwirkung entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorn, d.h. parallel zur Wirkrichtung, im Bereich des Hohlraums lokal auswƶlbt, wodurch im Gemenge, welches den Mantel umgibt, ein Sackloch mit einer dem Mantel in ausgewƶlbtem Zustand entsprechenden Form ausbildbar ist. Wenn also der Dorn verursacht durch eine ƤuĆere Krafteinwirkung - den Druck des Gemenges auf die Abdeckkappe und den Druck des im Werkzeug befestigten VerbindungsstĆ¼cks mit dem Dorn auf das Gemenge - relativ zum VerbindungsstĆ¼ck so bewegt wird, dass die Abdeckkappe sich dem VerbindungsstĆ¼ck nƤhert, wƶlbt sich der Mantel im Bereich des Hohlraums lokal aus, wodurch die entsprechende Form ausbildbar ist. Aufgrund des mindestens einen Hohlraums ist der Mantel an dieser Stelle von geringer Dicke als im hinteren Bereich nƤher zum VerbindungsstĆ¼ck, wo der Mantel direkt am Dorn anliegt. Weist der Mantel um den Dorn herum eine Vielzahl kleinster HohlrƤume auf, so ist die Dichte des Mantels an dieser Stelle geringer, was den gleichen Effekt hervorruft: wird der Dorn so bewegt, dass sich die Abdeckkappe in Richtung des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks bewegt, also entgegen der Wirkrichtung aus der Form heraus, so wird der Mantel an der Stelle, wo sich die HohlrƤume befinden, stƤrker verformt. Es bildet sich an dieser Stelle eine Wulst mit einem grƶĆeren Durchmesser als ihn der Mantel im Bereich des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks aufweist.Finally, the sheath around the mandrel has at least one cavity with a defined geometry. The geometry of the cavity is predetermined so that the jacket under pressure along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, i. locally bulges parallel to the direction of action, in the region of the cavity, whereby in the mixture surrounding the shell, a blind hole with a shape corresponding to the jacket in a bulged state can be formed. Thus, when the mandrel caused by an external force - the pressure of the mixture on the cap and the pressure of the tool-mounted connector with the mandrel on the mixture - is moved relative to the connector so that the cap approaches the connector, the buckles Coat in the region of the cavity locally, whereby the corresponding shape can be formed. Due to the at least one cavity, the jacket is at this point of small thickness than in the rear area closer to the connector, where the jacket rests directly on the mandrel. If the mantle has a multiplicity of very small cavities around the mandrel, the density of the mantle is lower at this point, which produces the same effect: the mandrel is moved in such a way that the cap moves in the direction of the connecting piece, ie counter to the effective direction out of the mold, the mantle is more deformed at the point where the cavities are located. It forms at this point a bead with a larger diameter than it has the jacket in the region of the connecting piece.
Die ElastizitƤt des Materials, welches fĆ¼r den Mantel verwendet wird, kann speziell auf die Eigenschaften, insbesondere auf die FlieĆeigenschaften des auszuhƤrtenden Gemenges abgestimmt werden. FĆ¼r Ć¼bliche Tonmischungen kann die Shore-HƤrte des verformbaren Materials beispielsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 20 Shore und 90 Shore gewƤhlt werden. An die OberflƤchenbeschaffenheit des Mantels werden keine besonderen Anforderungen gestellt, sie kann glatt, geriffelt, genarbt oder anderweitig aufgeraut sein, um eine mƶglichst geringe Haftung des zu bearbeitenden Gemenges am Mantel zu erreichen. Mantel, Dorn und/oder Abdeckkappe sind meist auswechselbar gestaltet. Die Abdeckkappe kann insbesondere auf den Dorn aufgeschraubt sein, der Mantel kann bei entfernter Abdeckkappe beispielsweise auf den Dorn aufgeschoben werden. Abdeckkappe und Dorn kƶnnen auch aus einem StĆ¼ck gefertigt sein, der Dorn kann dann beispielsweise in einen entsprechenden Schieber, der im VerbindungsstĆ¼ck gefĆ¼hrt wird, eingeschraubt werden. Der Dorn kann im VerbindungsstĆ¼ck frei beweglich sein, er kann auch federnd gelagert sein, oder, falls es der Herstellungsprozess erfordert, auch entlang seiner LƤngsachse angetrieben verschiebbar sein, wobei der Antrieb elektromotorisch, pneumatisch, hydraulisch oder anderweitig erfolgen kann.The elasticity of the material used for the jacket can be tailored to the properties, in particular the flow properties of the mixture to be cured. For conventional clay mixtures, the Shore hardness of the deformable material can be selected for example in a range between 20 Shore and 90 Shore. No special requirements are imposed on the surface finish of the jacket; it can be smooth, corrugated, grained or otherwise roughened in order to achieve the lowest possible adhesion of the batch to be processed to the jacket. Sheath, mandrel and / or cap are usually designed interchangeable. The cap may in particular be screwed onto the mandrel, the jacket can be pushed with the cap removed, for example, on the mandrel. Cover and mandrel can also be made in one piece, the mandrel can then, for example, in a corresponding slide, which is guided in the connector to be screwed. The mandrel may be freely movable in the connector, it may also be resiliently mounted, or, if required by the manufacturing process, also be driven along its longitudinal axis, wherein the drive may be electromotive, pneumatic, hydraulic or otherwise.
Die Form des Sacklochs wird dabei im Wesentlichen durch die Geometrie des Hohlraums bestimmt und kann durch den Druck leicht variiert werden. In AbhƤngigkeit von der Geometrie ist das Sackloch beispielsweise mit der Form eines Fasses, einer Birne oder eine Kegelstumpfes ausbildbar, in letzterem Fall auch mit mindestens teilweise kegelstumpfartiger Form, die sich zur Ćffnung des Sacklochs hin verjĆ¼ngt. Der mindestens eine Hohlraum ist dazu beispielsweise im vorderen Bereich des Mantels in Wirkrichtung, d.h. in dem Bereich, in dem der Mantel an die Abdeckkappe anschlieĆt, angeordnet, um den Kegelstumpf mƶglichst tief im Sackloch anzusiedeln. Bei der Verwendung mehrerer grƶĆerer HohlrƤume entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns lassen sich auch komplexere Formen des Sacklochs erzeugen, wie beispielsweise Sacklƶcher mit wellenfƶrmig ausgebildeten WƤnden.The shape of the blind hole is determined essentially by the geometry of the cavity and can be easily varied by the pressure. Depending on the geometry of the blind hole can be formed, for example, with the shape of a barrel, a pear or a truncated cone, in the latter case also with at least partially frustoconical shape, which tapers towards the opening of the blind hole. The at least one cavity is, for example, in the front region of the jacket in the direction of action, i. in the region in which the jacket adjoins the cover, arranged to settle the truncated cone as deep as possible in the blind hole. When using a plurality of larger cavities along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel can also produce more complex shapes of the blind hole, such as blind holes with wavy walls.
Wesentlich ist, dass an mindestens einer Stelle des Sacklochs eine Auswƶlbung gebildet wird, d.h. ein Bereich, in dem der Durchmesser des Sackloches grƶĆer als seine Ćffnung ist. Dies wird durch den mindestens einen entsprechend ausgebildeten Hohlraum im Mantel erreicht. Im einfachsten Fall ist der Hohlraum rotationssymmetrisch in Bezug auf die LƤngsachse des Sacklochs bzw. des Dorn ausgebildet. Durch diese Ausbildung lassen sich im Sackloch anzubringende GegenstƤnde leichter und gegen angreifende KrƤfte widerstandsfƤhiger mit dem ausgehƤrteten Gegenstand verbinden, als dies bei Sacklƶchern mit geraden WƤnden, d.h. bei zylinderfƶrmigen Sacklƶchern der Fall wƤre.It is essential that a bulge is formed at at least one point of the blind hole, i. an area where the diameter of the blind hole is larger than its opening. This is achieved by the at least one correspondingly formed cavity in the jacket. In the simplest case, the cavity is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blind hole or of the mandrel. With this design, objects to be mounted in the blind hole can be connected to the cured article more easily and more resiliently against attacking forces than with straight-walled blind holes, i. would be the case with cylindrical blind holes.
Bei der Herstellung des Sackloches mit einem solchen Hinterschneidungswerkzeug wird dieses zunƤchst mit der Form, beispielsweise einer Pressform verbunden. Dann wird das Gemenge in die Form gefĆ¼llt, die Form wird geschlossen und das Gemenge in der Form wird durch Pressen zu einem Rohling geformt. Dabei bewegt sich der Dorn aufgrund des von dem Gemenge ausgeĆ¼bten Drucks aus seiner Ausgangsstellung - mit einem entspannten elastischen Mantel - entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns bzw. des Sacklochs, bei einer Pressform entgegen der Wirkrichtung in Richtung aus der Form heraus. Infolgedessen wird der Mantel komprimiert und wƶlbt sich im Bereich des mindestens einen Hohlraums lokal aus. Beim Beenden des Pressvorgangs wird die Form wieder geƶffnet, so dass sich der Dorn in seine Ausgangsstellung zurĆ¼ckstellt. Der Rohling wird aus der Form entfernt. Im Rohling verbleibt ein Sackloch mit einer dem Mantel im ausgewƶlbten Zustand entsprechenden Form.In the manufacture of the blind hole with such an undercut tool, this is first connected to the mold, for example a mold. Then the mixture is filled into the mold, the mold is closed and the mixture in the mold is formed into a blank by pressing. In this case, the mandrel moves due to the pressure exerted by the mixture from its initial position - with a relaxed elastic jacket - along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel or the blind hole, in a mold against the direction of action in the direction out of the mold. As a result, the jacket is compressed and bulges locally in the region of the at least one cavity. When you end the pressing process, the mold is opened again, so that the mandrel returns to its original position. The blank is removed from the mold. In the blank remains a blind hole with the jacket in the arched state corresponding shape.
FĆ¼r weitere Einzelheiten eines solchen Hinterschneidungswerkzeugs wird nochmals auf die
Bei dem in der
Die Verwendung verschiedener Mantelformen und insbesondere von MƤnteln verschiedener ElastizitƤt bzw. KompressibilitƤt kann jedoch dazu fĆ¼hren, dass die AusschalschrƤge je nach verwendetem Mantel mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprƤgt ist, also eine vom Mantel abhƤngige Form aufweist. Im Extremfall kann das Mantelmaterial solche Eigenschaften aufweisen, die dazu fĆ¼hren, dass trotz der Ausbildung einer entsprechenden VerjĆ¼ngung im hinteren Bereich in Richtung der Wirkrichtung zur Abdeckkappe hin eine AusschalschrƤge gar nicht ausgebildet wird. In dem mindestens einem Hohlraum zwischen Mantel und Dorn kann sich darĆ¼ber hinaus aufgrund der Tatsache, dass das Gemenge zumeist einen hohen Wasseranteil hat, Feuchtigkeit ansammeln, die zum einen das Auswƶlbverhalten des Mantels bei einer entsprechenden Menge von FlĆ¼ssigkeit verƤndern kann, zum anderen aber auch mit dem Mantel und/oder dem Dorn in unerwĆ¼nschter Weise reagieren kann, so dass sich dort beispielsweise Schimmel oder Rost bildet.However, the use of different shell shapes and in particular of coats of different elasticity or compressibility can lead to the AusschalschrƤge is more or less pronounced depending on the coat used, that has a shape dependent on the shell. In extreme cases, the jacket material may have such properties, which lead to the fact despite the formation of a corresponding taper in the rear region in the direction of the direction of action to the cap out AusschalschrƤge not formed. In addition, due to the fact that the mixture usually has a high water content, moisture accumulating in the at least one cavity between jacket and mandrel can, on the one hand, change the bulging behavior of the jacket with a corresponding quantity of liquid the shell and / or the mandrel can react in an undesirable manner, so that there forms, for example, mold or rust.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Hinterschneidungswerkzeug der eingangs beschriebenen Art, wie es insbesondere in der
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Hinterschneidungswerkzeug der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch gelƶst, dass das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug einen Fasenring zur Erzeugung einer AusschalschrƤge in dem Gemenge umfasst, wobei der Fasenring auf der der Abdeckkappe entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns gegenĆ¼berliegenden Seite des Mantels an diesem anliegt. Der Fasenring liegt also auf derjenigen Seite am Mantel an, welche entgegen der Wirkrichtung liegt, also in Richtung des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks weist. Die Fase ist dabei so angeordnet, dass sie sich in Richtung des Gemenges, also in Richtung der Abdeckkappe bzw. in Wirkrichtung verjĆ¼ngt und entgegen der Wirkrichtung verbreitert. Der Vorteil in der Verwendung eines separaten Fasenrings gegenĆ¼ber einer Einarbeitung in den Mantel liegt darin, dass damit die Bildung der AusschalschrƤge unabhƤngig von der Wahl des Mantelmaterials wird und somit einen hƶhere GleichmƤĆigkeit in der Bildung der AusschalschrƤge erreicht wird. Der Mantel umschlieĆt dann den Dorn zwischen der Abdeckkappe und dem Fasenring nach auĆen hin vollstƤndig.This object is achieved in an undercut tool of the type described above in that the undercut tool comprises a chamfer ring for generating a AusschalschrƤge in the batch, wherein the chamfer ring on the cap along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel opposite side of the shell abuts this. The chamfer ring is thus on that side of the jacket, which is opposite to the direction of action, that points in the direction of the connector. The chamfer is arranged so that it tapers in the direction of the mixture, ie in the direction of the cap or in the effective direction and widens against the effective direction. The advantage of using a separate chamfer ring over incorporation into the cladding is that the formation of the clipping slope becomes independent of the choice of cladding material, and thus greater uniformity in the formation of the clipping slope is achieved. The jacket then completely encloses the mandrel between the cap and the chamfer ring to the outside.
Der Fasenring kann Teil des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks sein, ist jedoch zweckmƤĆig als eigenes Bauteil gefertigt, was ein einfaches Wechseln ermƶglicht und erlaubt, den Fasenring aus dem VerbindungsstĆ¼ck zu entfernen, so dass dort keine Erhebung zurĆ¼ckbleibt, welche sich bei einer Verwendung der Form ohne Einsatz des Werkzeuges nachteilig als Vertiefungen in dem Gemenge bemerkbar machen kƶnnte. FĆ¼r den Fall, dass die jeweilige Form, in die das Werkzeug eingesetzt ist, GegenstƤnde ohne Sacklƶcher herstellen soll, ist daher zweckmƤĆig ein Abdeckstift vorgesehen, welcher gegen den Dorn, Mantel und Fasenring ausgetauscht werden und in das Werkzeug eingesetzt werden kann. Dieser Abdeckstift verfĆ¼gt bevorzugt Ć¼ber einen Kopf, der einen bĆ¼ndigen Abschluss mit der dem Gemenge zugewandten OberflƤche des Werkzeugs erlaubt, so dass das Werkzeug in nicht benutztem Zustand keine AbdrĆ¼cke im Gemenge hinterlƤsst. Mittels des Abdeckstifts wird die UmrĆ¼stung der Form auf die Fertigung von GegenstƤnden ohne Sacklƶcher erleichtert, da nicht mehr das gesamte Werkzeug, sondern nur noch der Dorn samt Mantel und Fasenring entfernt werden muss. Ćhnlich wie der Dorn kann auch der Abdeckstift in einer entsprechenden Schieber oder einer Halterung am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck bzw. Werkzeug eingeschraubt werden, der Schieber kann dann, um ein Gleiten zu verhindern, Ć¼ber entsprechende Arretierungsmittel arretiert werden, alternativ kann der Abdeckstift beispielsweise auch mit dem Schieber soweit verschraubt werden, dass eine Verschiebung entlang der Wirkrichtung verhindert wird. Ist der Fasenring als eigenes Bauteil gefertigt, so ist er bevorzugt an einem FĆ¼hrungsstĆ¼ck mit einer FĆ¼hrung fĆ¼r den Dorn ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise trƤgt der Fasenring Ć¼ber das FĆ¼hrungsstĆ¼ck auch zur Stabilisierung der gerichteten Bewegung des Doms bei.The chamfer ring may be part of the connecting piece, but is expediently made as a separate component, which allows easy changing and allows to remove the chamfer ring from the connector so that there is no elevation left, resulting in a use of the mold without the use of the tool disadvantageous as depressions in the mixture could be noticeable. In the event that the particular shape in which the tool is used to produce objects without blind holes, therefore, a cover pin is expediently provided, which are exchanged for the mandrel, sheath and bevel ring and can be used in the tool. This cover pin preferably has a head that allows a flush finish with the surface of the tool facing the batch, so that the tool leaves no imprints in the batch when not in use. By means of the cover pin the conversion of the mold is facilitated on the production of objects without blind holes, since not the entire tool, but only the mandrel, including the jacket and chamfer ring must be removed. Similar to the mandrel and the cover pin can be screwed into a corresponding slider or a bracket on the connector or tool, the slider can then be locked to prevent sliding over corresponding locking means, alternatively, the cover pin, for example, with the slide so far be screwed that a shift along the effective direction is prevented. If the chamfer ring is made as a separate component, then it is preferably formed on a guide piece with a guide for the mandrel. In this way, the chamfer ring via the guide piece also contributes to the stabilization of the directed movement of the dome.
Besonders bevorzugt weist der Dorn gegenĆ¼ber der FĆ¼hrung eine Unterpassung mit Spiel auf. Das Spiel kann beispielsweise zwischen 0,5 mm und 1,0 mm liegen, bevorzugt liegt es bei 0,75 mm. Auf diese Weise ist es mƶglich, eventuell in das Werkzeug gelangte PressrĆ¼ckstƤnde oder Tonmaterial zu entfernen; sie kƶnnen, wenn die Form mit dem Werkzeug beispielsweise so ausgerichtet ist, dass der Dorn mit der Abdeckkappe nach oben, also von der ErdoberflƤche weg zeigt, nach unten durchfallen oder unterstĆ¼tzt durch eine seitliche Kippbewegung des Dorns nach unten aus der Form unter dem Werkzeug heraustransportiert werden.Particularly preferably, the mandrel opposite the guide on a Unterpassung with game. The game may for example be between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, preferably it is 0.75 mm. In this way it is possible to remove any press residue or clay material that may have entered the tool; they can, for example, if the mold is aligned with the tool so that the mandrel with the cover pointing upward, ie away from the earth surface, fall down or supported by a lateral tilting movement of the mandrel down out of the mold under the tool become.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst das Werkzeug Mittel zur Sicherung von Mantel und/oder Fasenring gegen Verdrehung, fĆ¼r den Fasenring insbesondere dann, wenn er als gesondertes Bauteil gefertigt ist. Solche Mittel gegen Verdrehung sind insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn kein rotationssymmetrisches Sackloch, sondern ein Sackloch mit einer geringeren Symmetrie - beispielsweise mit elliptischem oder sechseckigem Querschnitt - oder ein Sackloch mit einem asymmetrischen Querschnitt erzeugt werden soll. Die Form des Sackloches wird auf diese Weise besser fixiert, ein entsprechend fĆ¼r diese Form des Sackloches ausgebildetes Element zum Einsetzen in das Sackloch findet dann besseren Halt, was nicht zuletzt bei solchen Situationen von wesentlichem Vorteil ist, bei denen das eingesetzte Element starken Zugspannungen ausgesetzt ist.In a further embodiment, the tool comprises means for securing the casing and / or chamfer ring against rotation, for the chamfer ring in particular when it is manufactured as a separate component. Such anti-rotation means are particularly useful if no rotationally symmetrical blind hole, but a blind hole with a lower symmetry - for example, elliptical or hexagonal cross-section - or a blind hole is to be generated with an asymmetric cross-section. The shape of the blind hole is better fixed in this way, a corresponding for this shape of the blind hole trained element for insertion into the blind hole then finds better support, which is not least in such situations of significant advantage in which the element is exposed to strong tensile stresses.
ZweckmƤĆig weist der Fasenring auf seiner dem Mantel zugewandten Seite Ausformungen auf, welche unter Druckeinwirkungen in den Mantel eingreifend ausgebildet sind und so ein Verdrehen des Mantels gegenĆ¼ber dem Fasenring verhindern. Alternativ oder ergƤnzend kƶnnen solche Ausformungen auch auf der dem Mantel zugewandten Seite der Abdeckkappe angeordnet oder ausgebildet sein. Diese Ausformungen kƶnnen als kleine ZƤhne oder Widerhaken ausgebildet sein, welche sich in das elastische Material des Mantels eindrĆ¼cken, insbesondere dann, wenn der Mantel durch das Gemenge in LƤngsrichtung entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns bzw. des Sacklochs elastisch komprimiert wird.Appropriately, the chamfer ring on its side facing the shell on which are formed engaging under pressure in the jacket and thus prevent rotation of the shell relative to the chamfer ring. Alternatively or additionally, such formations can also be arranged or formed on the side of the covering cap facing the jacket. These formations may be formed as small teeth or barbs, which press into the elastic material of the shell, in particular when the shell is elastically compressed by the mixture in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel or the blind hole.
Ist der Fasenring nicht fest am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck ausgebildet, sondern als eigenes Bauteil, so weist er in seiner dem Mantel abgewandten Seite vorteilhaft einen Querschnitt als AuĆenvielkant aus. Am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck ist dann ein Innenvielkant mit entsprechenden Abmessungen ausgebildet, auf welchen der AuĆenvielkant aufgesetzt wird. Der Fasenring ist dann Ć¼ber den AuĆenvielkant in ein am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck ausgebildeten Innenvielkant eingreifend ausgebildet. Ćquivalent kann der AuĆenvielkant auch am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck und der Innenvielkant am Fasenring bzw. dem FĆ¼hrungsstĆ¼ck, an welchem der Fasenring ausgebildet ist, ausgebildet sein.If the chamfer ring is not firmly formed on the connecting piece, but rather as a separate component, it advantageously has a cross-section as outer polyhedron in its side facing away from the jacket. On the connector then an inner polygon is designed with appropriate dimensions, on which the outer polygon is placed. The chamfer ring is then formed engaging over the outer polyhedron in an inner polyhedron formed on the connector. Equivalently, the outer polyhedron can also be formed on the connecting piece and the inner polygon on the chamfer ring or the guide piece on which the chamfer ring is formed.
Im Schaft des Dorns ist in LƤngsrichtung vorteilhaft eine Nut zur EntlĆ¼ftung angebracht, diese Nut erstreckt sich in LƤngsrichtung von dem der Abdeckkappe gegenĆ¼berliegenden Ende des Schafts des Dorns bis mindestens in den Bereich, in welchem der Mantel den mindestens einen Hohlraum aufweist, in der Regel also bis nahe an die Abdeckkappe heran. Auf diese Weise kann Feuchtigkeit, die aufgrund des Wassergehalts des Gemenges in den Hohlraum eindringen kann, wieder aus dem Hohlraum abgefĆ¼hrt werden, ohne dass Dorn und Mantel voneinander getrennt werden mĆ¼ssten, d.h. ohne dass das Werkzeug mindestens teilweise auseinandergenommen werden mĆ¼sste.In the shaft of the mandrel, a groove for venting is advantageously provided in the longitudinal direction, this groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the cap opposite end of the shaft of the mandrel to at least in the region in which the shell has at least one cavity, as a rule close to the cap. In this way, moisture, which can penetrate into the cavity due to the water content of the mixture, can be removed again from the cavity without the mandrel and the jacket having to be separated from one another, ie. without the tool would have to be at least partially taken apart.
ZweckmƤĆig ist der Dorn auĆerdem mit einem Anschlag zur Einstellung eines vorbestimmten Hubs ausgebildet, dieser Anschlag kann auch variabel eingestellt werden. Dieser stellt in Zusammenwirkung mit einer entsprechend am VerbindungsstĆ¼ck ausgebildeten AnschlagflƤche sicher, dass die Tiefe des Sacklochs und die Komprimierung des Mantels entlang der LƤngsrichtung des Dorns im Wesentlichen immer identisch sind.Suitably, the mandrel is also formed with a stop for setting a predetermined stroke, this stop can also be set variably. This, in cooperation with a correspondingly formed on the connector stop surface ensures that the depth of the blind hole and the compression of the shell along the longitudinal direction of the mandrel are substantially identical.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die dem Gemenge zugewandte OberflƤche der Abdeckkappe konvex gekrĆ¼mmt und weist an jedem Punkt eine von Null verschiedene KrĆ¼mmung auf. Weist die Abdeckkappe an dieser OberflƤche nƤmlich flache Bereiche auf, wie dies auch bei der in der
Auch mit anderen Formen fĆ¼r die dem Gemenge zugewandte OberflƤche der Adeckkappe lassen sich sehr gut Ergebnisse erzielen. Beispielsweise ist es ausreichend, wenn die OberflƤche der Abdeckkappe nur im Bereich der auf das Gemenge weisenden Spitze, die bei einer rotationssymmetrischen Abdeckkappe auf der Symmetrieachse liegt, eine vergleichsweise starke konvexe KrĆ¼mmung aufweist, etwas in einem Bereich von bis zu 2 mm von der Symmetrieachse nach auĆen. Daran an schlieĆt sich ein Bereich mit einer konkaven KrĆ¼mmung bis zum Bereich der AuĆenkante, wobei der Betrag der konkaven KrĆ¼mmung wesentlich geringer als der Betrag der konvexen KrĆ¼mmung ist, sie also schwƤcher ausfƤllt.Also with other shapes for the mixture of the surface facing the cap can be very good results. For example, it is sufficient for the surface of the cap to have a comparatively strong convex curvature only in the region of the tip facing the mixture, which lies on the symmetry axis in the case of a rotationally symmetrical cap, somewhat in a range of up to 2 mm from the axis of symmetry Outside. This is followed by a region with a concave curvature to the region of the outer edge, wherein the amount of the concave curvature is much smaller than the amount of the convex curvature, so it is weaker.
In einer besonders bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrung des Hinterschneidungswerkzeugs ist die dem Gemenge zugewandte OberflƤche der Abdeckkappe aus einer ersten KegelflƤche im Bereich der Spitze der Abdeckkappe und aus mindestens einer zweiten KegelflƤche, welche an die erste KegelflƤche anschlieĆt, zusammengesetzt; an die letzte KegelflƤche schlieĆt dann der Dorn bzw. Mantel an. Dabei ist der Kegelwinkel - der Ćffnungswinkel des Kegels - der ersten KegelflƤche kleiner als der Kegelwinkel der zweiten KegelflƤche, bzw. nehmen die Kegelwinkel sukzessive zu.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the undercut tool, the surface of the covering cap facing the mixture is composed of a first conical surface in the region of the tip of the covering cap and of at least one second conical surface which adjoins the first conical surface; to the last conical surface then connects the mandrel or coat. Here, the cone angle - the opening angle of the cone - the first conical surface is smaller than the cone angle of the second conical surface, or take the cone angle successively.
Vorzugsweise sind in das VerbindungsstĆ¼ck von einem den Dorn umgebenden Bereich zu einem AuĆenbereich durchgehende Nuten und/oder Ćffnungen, die beispielsweise als Bohrungen ausgestaltet sein kƶnnen, deren Querschnitt aber auch andere Formen haben kann, angebracht, welche den Abtransport von Verunreinigungen dienen. Ist das Werkzeug in gleicher Weise ausgerichtet, wie vorangehend beschrieben, d.h. mit einer nach oben gerichteten Abdeckkappe, so kann Gemenge, das das Werkzeug im Bereich des Dorns infiltriert hat, unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft nach unten und in einen AuĆenbereich, der an die AuĆenseite der Form angrenzt, transportiert werden. Dort kann das Gemenge in eine entsprechende Aufnahmevorrichtung fallen und abtransportiert werden.Preferably, in the connecting piece from a region surrounding the mandrel to an outer region continuous grooves and / or openings, which may be configured, for example, as holes whose cross-section may also have other shapes attached, which serve to remove impurities. Is the tool aligned in the same way as described above, ie with an upward Cover cap, so can mixture, which has infiltrated the tool in the area of the mandrel, are transported under the action of gravity down and in an outdoor area adjacent to the outside of the mold. There, the mixture can fall into a corresponding receiving device and be transported away.
SchlieĆlich ist es auĆerdem vorteilhaft, die Abdeckkappe und/oder den Dorn und/oder den Fasenring mindestens teilweise mit einer Schicht aus einem antihaftenden Material zu versehen oder mindestens teilweise oder sogar vollstƤndig aus einem Material mit antihaftenden Eigenschaften zu fertigen. Die Eigenschaften des Antihaftens bzw. des Nicht-Anhaftens bezieht sich hier auf das Gemenge, auch auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass das Sackloch immer die gleich Tiefe hat, da keine stƶrenden Verunreinigungen zwischen Mantel, Dorn und Fasenring oder zwischen Fasenring und VerbindungsstĆ¼ck dringen kƶnnen, was u.U. verhindern kƶnnte, dass der Dorn durch das Gemenge bis zum Anschlag entgegen der Wirkrichtung aus der Form gedrĆ¼ckt wird. Beispielsweise kann bei einer Abdeckkappe, bei welcher die dem Gemenge zugewandte OberflƤche aus zwei KegelflƤchen zusammengesetzt ist, der Bereich mit der spitzeren ersten KegelflƤche aus Teflon gefertigt oder mit Teflon beschichtet sein, wƤhrend der Bereich mit der stumpferen, zweiten KegelflƤche aus Stahl gefertigt ist. Auch kann die ganze Abdeckkappe aus Teflon oder einem Ƥhnlichen Material mit antihaftender Wirkung gefertigt sein.Finally, it is also advantageous to provide the cover cap and / or the mandrel and / or the chamfer ring at least partially with a layer of an anti-adhesive material or at least partially or even completely made of a material having anti-adhesive properties. The properties of the non-adherence or non-adherence here refers to the mixture, also in this way it can be ensured that the blind hole always has the same depth, since no disturbing impurities between shell, mandrel and chamfer ring or between chamfer ring and connector penetrate can, what may could prevent the mandrel is pushed by the mixture to the stop against the direction of action from the mold. For example, in the case of a cap in which the surface facing the mixture is composed of two conical surfaces, the region with the more pointed first conical surface may be made of Teflon or coated with Teflon while the region with the blunt, second conical surface is made of steel. Also, the whole cap can be made of Teflon or a similar material with anti-adhesive effect.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend noch zu erlƤuternden Merkmale nicht nur in den angegebenen Kombinationen, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung einsetzbar sind, ohne des Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained can be used not only in the specified combinations but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielsweise anhand der beigefĆ¼gten Zeichnungen, die auch erfindungswesentliche Merkmale offenbaren, noch nƤher erlƤutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- einen Querschnitt durch ein Hinterschneidungswerkzeug,
- Fig.2a
- eine Seitenansicht eines Dorns fĆ¼r das Werkzeug,
- Fig.2b
- einen Schnitt durch den Dorn,
- Fig.3a
- einen Fasenring in der Draufsicht,
- Fig.3b
- einen Fasenring im Querschnitt,
- Fig.3c
- eine Perspektivansicht eines Fasenrings,
- Fig.4a
- eine Ausgestaltung einer Abdeckkappe und
- Fig.4b
- eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer Abdeckkappe.
- Fig. 1
- a cross section through an undercut tool,
- 2a
- a side view of a mandrel for the tool,
- 2b
- a cut through the thorn,
- 3a
- a bevel ring in plan view,
- 3b
- a chamfer ring in cross section,
- 3 c
- a perspective view of a chamfer ring,
- 4a
- an embodiment of a cap and
- 4b
- a further embodiment of a cap.
In
Das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug umfasst auĆerdem einen Fasenring 7 zur Erzeugung einer AusschalschrƤge in dem Gemenge. Der Fasenring 7 liegt auf der der Abdeckkappe 4 entlang der LƤngsachse des Dorns 3 gegenĆ¼berliegenden Seite des Mantels 5 an diesem an, so dass der Mantel den Dorn 3 in diesem Bereich zwischen Fasenring 7 und Abdeckkappe 4 nach auĆen hin vollstƤndig umschlieĆt. Am ƤuĆeren Umfang des Fasenrings 7 ist eine Fase 8 angebracht, welche dafĆ¼r sorgt, dass in jedem Fall eine wohldefinierte AusschalschrƤge im Gemenge erzeugt wird. Der Fasenring 7 ist hier an einem FĆ¼hrungsstĆ¼ck mit einer FĆ¼hrung 9 fĆ¼r den Dorn 3 ausgebildet, beide bilden eine Einheit. Der Dorn 3 ist dabei in der FĆ¼hrung 9 nicht passgenau gefĆ¼hrt, sondern weist ihr gegenĆ¼ber eine Unterpassung mit einem Spiel von etwa 0,75 mm auf. Dies erleichtert den Abtransport von Gemenge, was unter UmstƤnden zwischen Mantel 5, Dorn 3 und/oder Fasenring 7 gelangen kann, da der Mantel 5 nur auf den Dorn 3 aufgesetzt ist und mit diesem keine permanente Verbindung eingeht. Insbesondere beim Entfernen des Werkzeugs, wenn der Mantel 5 entspannt wird, kann in diese Bereiche, auch zwischen Mantel 5 und Abdeckkappe 4, in geringen Mengen Gemenge eindringen. Ist das Werkzeug in der Form 1 so angeordnet wie in
Das Hinterschneidungswerkzeug weist auĆerdem Mittel zur Sicherung des Mantels 5 gegen eine Verdrehung gegenĆ¼ber dem Fasenring 7 auf. Dazu weist der Fasenring 7 auf seiner dem Mantel 5 zugewandten Seite Ausformungen 10 auf, welche unter Druckeinwirkung in den Mantel 5 eingreifend ausgebildet sind und so ein Verdrehen des Mantels 5 gegenĆ¼ber dem Fasenring 7 verhindern. Diese Ausformungen 10 kƶnnen beispielsweise als ZƤhne oder Widerhaken ausgebildet sein.The undercut tool also has means for securing the
Bei der Herstellung von Tonprodukten wie Dachziegeln wird nach der Pressung die metallische Form oft mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt, was die Trennung des noch feuchten und damit wasserhaltigen Produkts von der Form erleichtert. Auch die Abdeckkappe und der Dorn lassen sich selbstverstƤndlich unter Strom setzen. Sind sowohl Form 1, VerbindungsstĆ¼ck 2, Dorn 3, Abdeckkappe 4 und der Schieber 13 aus Metall, so liegen Strom und Spannung Ć¼berall im selben VerhƤltnis an. Es kann jedoch vorteilhaft sein, das Werkzeug elektrisch von der Form 1 zu isolieren und es mit einer eigenen Spannung zu versorgen, da der Feldverlauf an der Spitze des Dorns 3 bzw. der Abdeckkappe 4 aufgrund der KrĆ¼mmung ein anderer ist als in der Form 1, die im wesentlichen aus flachen Bereichen gebildet wird. Zur Steigerung der LeitfƤhigkeit kƶnnen die einzelnen Elemente mit einem die LeitfƤhigkeit zwischen den Elementen erhƶhenden Mittel, wie einem Kontaktfett, beaufschlagt werden.In the production of clay products such as roof tiles, the metallic mold is often subjected to electrical current after pressing, which facilitates the separation of the still moist and therefore water-containing product from the mold. Of course, the cap and the mandrel can also be energized. Are both form 1,
Wie in
Der in den
Die dem Gemenge zugewandte OberflƤche der Abdeckkappe 4 ist dabei konvex gekrĆ¼mmt und weist an jedem Punkt eine von Null verschiedene, bevorzugt variierende und zum Rand hin abnehmende KrĆ¼mmung auf. Der Anschlag 12 ist hier in den Dorn 3 eingearbeitet, kann aber auch variabel einstellbar sein. Eine solche variable Einstellung kann beispielsweise mittels eines nicht gezeigten Zwischenrings vorgenommen werden, der auf dasselbe Gewinde aufgeschraubt wird, mit dem der Dorn 3 auch mit dem Schieber 13 verschraubt wird.The mixture of the facing surface of the
In das VerbindungsstĆ¼ck 2 kƶnnen auĆerdem Nuten und/oder Bohrungen zum Abtransport von Verunreinigungen eingebracht sein, die von einem den Dorn 3 umgebenden Bereich bis zu einem AuĆenbereich unterhalb des Werkzeugs durchgehen. Abdeckkappe 4, Dorn 3 und/oder Fasenring 7 sind bevorzugt antihaftbeschichtet oder aus einem Material mit antihaftenden Eigenschaften gefertigt, um zu verhindern, dass sich Gemenge an diesen Elementen anlagert.In the connecting
Der Fasenring 7 ist in den
Dorn 3, Mantel 5 und Fasenring 7 kƶnnen auch aus dem Werkzeug entfernt werden, das VerbindungsstĆ¼ck 2 schlieĆt bĆ¼ndig mit der Innenkante der Form 1 ab. In die Ćffnung des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks 2 kann dann ein Abdeckstift, der hier nicht gezeigt ist, eingesetzt werden, welcher so bemessen ist, dass er ebenfalls bĆ¼ndig mit der innen liegenden Kante des VerbindungsstĆ¼cks 2 abschlieĆt, so dass Form 1, VerbindungsstĆ¼ck 2 und die OberflƤche des Abdeckstifts eine ebene FlƤche bilden.
In
In
Mit dem vorangehend beschriebenen Hinterschneidungswerkzeug lassen sich in flieĆfƤhigen, aushƤrtbaren Gemengen Sacklƶcher konstanter QualitƤt und Abmessungen erzeugen. Wird kein Sackloch benƶtigt, so lƤsst sich das Werkzeug so umbauen, dass es sich im Gemenge nicht bemerkbar macht, es kann jedoch in der Form verbleiben.With the undercut tool described above, it is possible to produce blind holes of constant quality and dimensions in flowable, curable mixtures. If no blind hole is needed, then the tool can be rebuilt so that it does not become noticeable in the mixture, but it can remain in the mold.
- 11
- Formshape
- 22
- VerbindungsstĆ¼ckjoint
- 33
- Dornmandrel
- 44
- Abdeckkappecap
- 55
- Mantelcoat
- 66
- Hohlraumcavity
- 77
- FasenringFasenring
- 88th
- Fasechamfer
- 99
- FĆ¼hrungguide
- 1010
- Ausformungformation
- 1111
- Nutgroove
- 1212
- Anschlagattack
- 1313
- Schieberpusher
- 1414
- AuĆenvielkantExternal polyhedron
- 1515
- Abdeckkappecap
- 1616
- Abdeckkappecap
- 1717
- TeflonschichtTeflon coating
- 1818
- erste KegelflƤchefirst conical surface
- 1919
- zweite KegelflƤchesecond conical surface
Claims (15)
- Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole in flowable, curable batch mixtures, comprising- a connecting piece (2) for connecting the undercutting tool to a mould (1),- a mandrel (3), which is mounted in the connecting piece (2) in such a way that it can be displaced along a longitudinal axis,- a cap (4, 15, 16) that covers the mandrel (3) in the direction of the batch mixture,- a jacket (5) that consists of a material reversibly deformable under pressure and completely encloses the mandrel (3) on the outside in an area located between connecting piece (2) and cap (4, 15, 16),- wherein the jacket (5) comprises at least one cavity (6) that surrounds the mandrel (3) and has a defined geometry, and- wherein the geometry of the cavity (6) is specified in such a way that the jacket (5), when under pressure exerted along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel (3), bulges out locally in the area of the cavity (6), whereby a blind hole can be formed in the batch mixture surrounding the jacket (5), said blind hole having a shape corresponding to the jacket (5) in its bulged-out state, characterized in that- the undercutting tool comprises a bevelled ring (7) for producing a stripping bevel in the batch mixture.
- Undercutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the bevelled ring (7) is formed on a guide piece with a guide (9) for the mandrel (3).
- Undercutting tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the mandrel (3) comprises a clearance with play with respect to the guide (9).
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising means for securing the jacket (5) and/or bevelled ring (7) against rotation.
- Undercutting tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the bevelled ring (7) and/or the cap (4, 15, 16) comprises mouldings (10) in each case on the side facing the jacket (5), which mouldings are formed to engage in the jacket (5) when under pressure and thus prevent the jacket (5) from rotating with respect to the bevelled ring (7).
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that, on the side facing away from the jacket (5), the bevelled ring (7) has a polygonal external cross-section (14) and is formed to engage in a corresponding internal polygonal shape formed on the connecting piece (2).
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a groove (11) is placed in the shaft of the mandrel (3) for venting, which groove extends along the longitudinal direction from the end opposite the cap (4, 15, 16) at least into the area in which the jacket (5) comprises a cavity (6).
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mandrel (3) is formed with a stop (12) for setting a predetermined stroke.
- Undercutting tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the stop (12) is variably adjustable.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the surface of the cap (4) facing the batch mixture is convexly curved and has at every point a curvature which is different from zero, preferably varying and decreasing towards the edge.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the surface of the cap (15) facing the batch mixture is convex only in the area of a point and otherwise has at every point a concave curvature which is different from zero.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the surface of the cap (16) facing the batch mixture is formed from a first tapered surface (18) in the area of a point of the cap and from at least a second tapered surface (19) in the area adjacent to the mandrel and/or jacket, wherein the taper angle of the first tapered surface is smaller than the taper angle of the second tapered surface.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that continuous grooves and/or openings, preferably bores, are introduced in the connecting piece (2) from an area surrounding the mandrel (3) to an outer area for transporting away dirt particles.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cap (4, 15, 16) and/or the mandrel (3) and/or the bevelled ring (7) are produced with at least a partial non-stick coating or at least partially from a material with non-stick properties.
- Undercutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a cover pin to be exchanged for the mandrel (3), jacket (5) and bevelled ring (7).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14173973.0A EP2960027B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14173973.0A EP2960027B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2960027A1 EP2960027A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
EP2960027B1 true EP2960027B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
ID=50982811
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14173973.0A Active EP2960027B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | Undercutting tool for producing a blind hole |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2960027B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2207598T3 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2004-06-01 | Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola S.C.R.L. | DEVICE FOR THE AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION OF AN OPENING OR CAVITY IN THE SIDE OF A CERAMIC PRODUCT DURING THE MOLDING IN THE MOLD. |
JP5322341B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2013-10-23 | åę¾¤å·„ę„ę Ŗå¼ä¼ē¤¾ | Molded plate molding apparatus and molded plate manufacturing method |
JP5142663B2 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2013-02-13 | åę¾¤å·„ę„ę Ŗå¼ä¼ē¤¾ | Molded plate molding apparatus and molded plate manufacturing method |
EP2684659B1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-05-06 | Christoph Gruss | Undercutting tool and method for creating a blind hole |
-
2014
- 2014-06-25 EP EP14173973.0A patent/EP2960027B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
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EP2960027A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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