EP3686546A1 - Roof protection element with a cover layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a roof protection element, in particular for protecting the roof of a military vehicle (100), with an active layer (2) made of a first plastic material for protection against shelling, in particular by means of ballistic bomblets, and a cover layer (3) made of a different second plastic material to cover the active layer (2), the plastic material of the active layer (2) and the plastic material of the cover layer (3) being crosslinked. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with such a roof protection element, a manufacturing method for such a roof protection element and a mold for producing such a roof protection element.

Description

The present invention relates to a roof protection element, in particular for protecting the roof of a military vehicle, with an active layer made of a first plastic material for protection against shelling, in particular by means of ballistic bomblets, and a cover layer made of a different second plastic material for covering the active layer. Further objects of the invention are a vehicle with such a roof protection element, a method for producing a roof protection element and a mold for producing such a roof protection element with a casting mold, the casting mold delimiting a casting space on several sides for receiving the cover layer material.

Roof protection elements are attached as modules to the tops of roofs, in particular vehicle roofs, and are intended to protect them from the effects of shelling on the threat side. Bomblets, which are also known as submunitions and are deployed in large quantities from another projectile in the manner of a bulk bomb, are considered to be particularly dangerous. In the event of such bombardment, a large number of smaller bomblets, for example a bomb carpet, then hit the roof.

To protect against such shelling, plastics have proven themselves in the past that can break down or convert the energy of the bomblets due to deformation. In this way, the bomblets are prevented from penetrating or damaging the roof to be protected.

Although such an active layer offers good protection against rather blunt and flat bomblets, it is comparatively susceptible to more pointed influences, such as falling tools, collisions with branches or stones, or people walking around on the roof. For this reason, in addition to the active layer, a cover layer is usually also provided, which covers the active layer and precisely protects against such effects. As a result of the active layer, the roof protection element can also be designed so that it can be walked on, which enables the crew to safely enter the protected vehicle roof, particularly in vehicles.

In the known roof protection elements, the cover layer is also made of a plastic material and is connected to the active layer via an adhesive layer made of an adhesive. The adhesive connects the cover layer and the active layer due to its adhesive properties, by being in the liquid state on both a surface of the cover layer and also adheres to a surface of the active layer and solidifies there during drying and thus connects the two layers to one another.

To protect the active layer, plastic materials are currently used as the cover layer material, which form a hard, brittle surface. For example, hard plastics or suitable plastic composite materials can be used. However, this cover layer can tear comparatively quickly, even without bombardment, so that the adhesive layer between the cover layer and the active layer is then partially exposed and this is visible from the threat side.

Since the color of the adhesive layer differs from the color of the threat-side surface of the cover layer, for example in camouflage colors, such tearing has a disadvantageous effect on the camouflage effect. This usually makes it necessary to replace the entire roof protection element and thus limits the durability and the operating time.

In addition, it can also happen that the adhesive layer detaches from the active layer and / or the cover layer due to external influences. This leads to the active layer and the outer layer being detached, so that the outer layer can then no longer provide reliable protection for the active layer. The roof protection element must also be replaced in this case. This also considerably limits the durability and the operating time of the roof protection element.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a roof protection element with greater durability and extended service life, a method for producing such a roof protection element and a mold suitable for this purpose.

In a roof protection element, the aforementioned object is achieved in that the plastic material of the active layer and the plastic material of the covering layer are connected to each other crosslinking.

The cover layer and the active layer are connected to one another without adhesive by a crosslinking connection. The disadvantages associated with an adhesive layer are avoided. A crosslinking connection is characterized by the formation of a network of interlocking components of the top layer material and the active layer material. The crosslinking connection can take place physically and / or chemically. Macromolecules of the active layer can crosslink with macromolecules of the cover layer. The macromolecules of the two layers can interlock physically and thus lead to cross-linking. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible for the macromolecules to chemically bond with one another, so that continuous molecular chains are formed which extend from one layer to the other layer.

The cover layer and the active layer can be molecularly crosslinked with one another. Adjacent molecules of the cover layer and the active layer can link to form a network connecting the cover layer and the active layer, in particular of polymer chains. The active layer and the cover layer can be permanently connected to one another. The roof protection element can act as if it consists of only one continuous material. The active layer and the top layer can be self-crosslinking.

Furthermore, it is also possible for the cover layer and / or the active layer to be indirectly connected to one another via one or more intermediate layers which are crosslinked with the cover layer and / or the active layer. The intermediate layer can consist of the first or the second plastic material. However, it is also possible for the intermediate layer to consist of a third plastic material. At the intermediate layer is not an adhesive, since this connects the active layer and the top layer by means of adhesion. An adhesive does not lead to cross-linking.

The active layer preferably has a lower hardness than the cover layer. The harder top layer can easily protect the softer active layer from sharp influences. The hardness of the cover layer can be adjustable to optimize protection against sharp impacts and / or against ballistic bombardment. The cover layer can be designed as a tread protection layer.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the active layer and / or the cover layer are made from a castable plastic material. A simple manufacture of the roof protection element by a casting process can be achieved in this way.

It has proven to be advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer and the plastic material of the active layer are plastic materials that harden in different temperature ranges. The plastics can assume liquid and / or partially liquid states and only assume a solid state or crosslink when they enter a certain temperature range, ie. H. Harden. The two plastic materials can be designed such that they harden in different temperature ranges. The plastic material of the cover layer cannot yet cure at the curing temperature of the plastic material of the active layer and thus remain liquid.

It has proven to be advantageous if the active layer and the top layer are made from different silicones. Silicones in various hardness ranges are known. Silicones are also very easy to process.

It is possible that both layers have the same color. The use of plastic makes it possible for the two layers not only to have a certain color on their surfaces, but for the plastics to have the same color throughout. Damage to the roof protection element, especially from a distance, cannot be recognized or can only be detected with great difficulty.

The plastic material of the cover layer is preferably a material which cures at high temperatures, in particular a silicone which crosslinks at high temperatures. In the case of a silicone which crosslinks at high temperatures, curing can take place by crosslinking the silicone, in particular in a heated state, with itself. At temperatures between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius, the plastic material of the deck mailings can be hardening plastic or silicone. It is further advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer hardens at a higher temperature than the plastic material of the active layer. The plastic material of the cover layer can already cure in a technically simple manner, while the plastic material of the active layer is still liquid and / or partially liquid, in particular pourable, in this temperature range. A low temperature can mean the room temperature and a high temperature can mean temperatures above room temperature, in particular above 100 degrees Celsius. In the case of silicone which crosslinks at low temperatures, for example at room temperature, it can be RTV silicone, and in the case of silicone which crosslinks at high temperatures, it can be HTV silicone. The cover layer can also be silicone resin.

The plastic material of the active layer is further preferably a material which cures at low temperatures, in particular a silicone which crosslinks at room temperature. With a cross-linking at room temperature Silicone can be cured by cross-linking the silicone with itself at room temperature.

The chain length, in particular the average chain length, of the plastic material of the cover layer can be greater than the corresponding chain length of the plastic material of the active layer. In the crosslinking area between the cover layer and the active layer, there can be an average chain length which lies between the average chain length of the chains of the plastic material of the active layer and that of the plastic material of the cover layer.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the cover layer is arranged on the threat side of the active layer. When mounting on the roof, the cover layer can therefore point upwards and the active layer downwards in the direction of the object to be protected or the vehicle to be protected.

The cover layer can be made thinner than the active layer. The thickness ratio of active layer to outer layer, in particular from active layer to outer layer pointing in the direction of the threat, can be greater than 2, preferably greater than 5, more preferably greater than 10, still more preferably greater than 15 and furthermore also greater than 20. In practice, a ratio of 14 has proven to be advantageous. The cover layer can be 2 mm and the active layer can be 28 mm thick.
It is also advantageous if the cover layer surrounds the active layer in the manner of a hood. The cover layer can surround the active layer both on the threat side and on its peripheral sides. The active layer can thus be protected by the cover layer on all sides where protection is required.

When surrounded, the cover layer can be located above the active layer along the surface normal of the respective sides of the active layer and especially cover the pages. Surrounding the active layer on the threat side and on the circumferential sides with the cover layer can provide additional protection against damage from effects, in particular during the fastening of the roof protection element. When fastening, ie mounting the roof protection element on an object to be protected, the circumferential sides running circumferentially around the active layer can also be protected from influences, such as, for example, a bump on a roof edge. In addition, protection against impacts can also be achieved if one or more of the circumferential sides of the roof protection element are exposed in the fastened, ie in the assembled state. The side of the active layer opposite the threat side can also be surrounded by the cover layer. Alternatively, the cover layer can surround the active layer in the manner of a hood, which only covers the threat side and the peripheral sides of the active layer, but not the side of the active layer opposite the threat side. The cover layer can have a shell-like shape.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the cover layer is thinner on the peripheral sides than on the threat side. Several roof protection elements can be arranged in the manner of tiles, the active layers of which can be arranged closer to one another. The entire area to be protected can be covered and protected by a large number of adjoining roof protection elements. The thickness of the cover layer on the peripheral sides of the active layer can be, for example, 2 mm.

In a development of the invention, a pattern, in particular an anti-slip pattern, is embossed and / or embossed on the cover layer. The pattern can be at least partially embossed and / or embossed on one side of the cover layer, in particular the threat side. An embossed pattern can protrude from one side of the top layer. A The embossed pattern can protrude into one side of the cover layer. The pattern can easily assign the roof protection element, for example to a manufacturer or a vehicle, and / or allow liquids and rain to run off. The anti-slip pattern can enable improved slip resistance, especially with wet roof protection elements, so that the risk of slipping or slipping is reduced.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the roof protection element has a fastening plate for fastening to an object to be protected. A mounting plate, in particular facing away from the threat side, enables simple mounting of the roof protection element on the object to be protected. The assembly can take place via a fastening element which can be arranged on the fastening plate, for example a plug connection element, a screw connection element, a clamp connection element and / or an adhesive connection element, which can interact with the object to be protected. The roof protection element can be designed to be self-adhesive and can thus be connected to the fastening plate in a simple manner. The fastening plate can be formed in one piece with the cover layer. Furthermore, the fastening plate can be networked with the cover layer and / or with the active layer. In this respect, the connection can be configured in exactly the same way as the connection of the cover layer to the active layer. The mounting plate can also consist of a plastic material or a silicone. The fastening layer can consist of the material of the active layer or the material of the cover layer. Furthermore, however, it is also possible for the material of the fastening plate to harden between the temperature at which the active layer material and the cover layer material harden.

In a vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset, it is proposed to achieve the above object that the vehicle has a roof protection element as described above.

The features described in connection with the roof protection element according to the invention can also be used individually or in combination in the vehicle. The same advantages result, which have already been described.

In a method of the type mentioned in the foregoing object, it is proposed that the cover layer and the active layer are connected to each other cross-linking to the solution.

The features described in connection with the roof protection element according to the invention can also be used individually or in combination in the production process. The advantages already described result.

With regard to the method, the plastic material of the cover layer is cast into a mold, in particular a stamp mold, for molding. The cover layer can be shaped in a simple manner when the cover layer material hardens in the mold. A stamp of a stamp mold can press the cover layer material into a casting space of the mold for molding. With the stamp die, the cover layer can be given a shell-like shape. In particular, the plastic material of the cover layer can be pushed up in the mold to form the peripheral sides of the cover layer.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the plastic material of the cover layer, in particular in the mold, is baked out. Baking can allow or accelerate the curing of the plastic material. When baked, the plastic material can take the form of a casting space for the mold. The plastic material is preferably baked to a temperature range in the mold heated, in which the plastic material crosslinks with itself.

It is further advantageous that the baking of the plastic material of the cover layer is ended when the plastic material of the cover layer is only partially crosslinked, preferably the baking is ended when a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%, in particular 95%, has been reached. The plastic material which is not completely crosslinked can provide an essentially dimensionally stable cover layer. Pouring additional materials onto the incompletely cross-linked plastic material can thus be made possible without this having an effect on the assumed shape of the cover layer. Crosslinking of the plastic material of the cover layer with other materials can be made possible by the crosslinking of the cover layer which is not completely completed. The degree of crosslinking can indicate the percentage, in particular in mass percent or volume percent, of the material which is already crosslinked.

In a next step, the plastic material of the active layer is preferably poured onto the partially cross-linked cover layer. The plastic material of the active layer can be given a shape for the active layer by the cover layer, which is only partially cross-linked but dimensionally stable. The shapes of the active layer and the cover layer can be easily adapted to one another, in particular flush.

The plastic material of the cover layer and the plastic material of the active layer preferably crosslink with one another during curing. The plastic material of the active layer can crosslink with parts of the plastic material of the cover layer that have not yet been crosslinked for the purpose of securely connecting the two materials together. The two plastic materials can then harden together, ie crosslink with themselves and the other material, in particular up to complete crosslinking with a degree of crosslinking of 100%.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the plastic material of the cover layer and / or the plastic material of the active layer is colored before casting. A coloring of the cover layer and / or the active layer can be specified in a constant manner by coloring before casting. The coloring can be multicolored. A change in the color of the roof protection element by color separation can be counteracted. The coloring can be adapted to the colors of a camouflage pattern of the object to be protected and the camouflage effect of the roof protection element can be improved. The roof protection element can have a uniform color throughout the active layer and cover layer. Alternatively or additionally, the roof protection element, in particular the threat side of the cover layer, can be painted after curing.

In the case of a mold of the type mentioned at the outset, the above object is achieved by a stamp which can be arranged on the mold for pressing the cover layer material into the mold .

With the stamp, the cover layer material can be pressed into the casting space of the casting mold in a simple manner. The stamp can push up the cover layer material against gravity, in particular by displacing the cover layer material. The stamp can enter the casting space of the mold and displace the cover layer material. The cover layer can be given a shell-like shape in a simple manner.

The features described in connection with the roof protection element according to the invention and the method can also be used individually or in combination with the mold. The same advantages result, which have already been described.

The mold can be used in a method of the type described for producing a roof protection element of the type described.

According to a constructive embodiment, the distance between the casting mold and the stamp can be adjusted, in particular by means of an adjusting element.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the mold has a guide for guiding the setting movement of the stamp. The guide, in particular in cooperation with the adjusting element, enables a reproducible adjustment of the distance between the casting mold and the stamp.

According to a further embodiment, the guide has a stamp-side stamp guide and a mold-side guide element. The mold preferably has several, in particular two, stamp guides and guide elements. The stamp guide can be arranged on a stamp arm, in particular on the end of a stamp arm.

The stamp guide is preferably arranged on a particularly exchangeable stamp plate. The stamp guide can be arranged on the stamp plate via a stamp foot and stamp arms. The stamping foot and the stamping arms can together have a substantially T-shaped cross section. The stamp plate can be held by the stamp foot and the stamp arms, enter the casting space and press cover layer material to the side and / or upwards.

The guide element advantageously has a, in particular, disk-shaped support element for transmitting the support force of the plunger to the casting mold. Alternatively or additionally, the guide element can have a guide section for guiding the stamp guide and / or Have fastening section for fastening the guide element to the mold.

It is possible that an insert plate can be inserted into the casting mold, in particular into a receptacle.

In this context, it is advantageous if the insert plate has a pattern shape for embossing and / or embossing a pattern into the cover layer. The pattern shape can consist of recesses and / or elevations in the surface of the insert plate and can be formed in one piece with the insert plate. The pattern shape can be interchangeable with the insert plate so that patterns in different shapes, lettering or corrugations can be stamped onto and / or stamped onto the cover layer. The pattern shape preferably does not reach the edge of the threat side of the cover layer.

Fig. 1

eine skizzierte Anordnung von erfindungsgemäßen Dachschutzelementen an einem zu schützenden Fahrzeug,

Fig. 2a, b

einen schematischen Querschnitt und eine Aufsicht auf ein Dachschutzelement,

Fig. 3a, b

einen Querschnitt durch eine Kokille,

Fig. 4

eine Aufsicht auf eine Kokille,

Fig. 5a, b

eine Aufsicht und eine Seitenansicht eines Stempelrahmens,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht eines Führungselements,

Fig. 7

eine Aufsicht auf eine Gussform der Kokille,

Fig. 8

einen Querschnitt durch die Gussform aus Fig. 7 entlang der Schnittlinie VIII-VIII,

Fig. 9

einen Querschnitt durch die Gussform aus Fig. 7 entlang der Schnittlinie IX-IX und

Fig. 10

eine Aufsicht auf eine Einlegeplatte mit unterschiedlichen Musterformen.

Further details and advantages of a cover layer according to the invention and a vehicle with such a roof protection element, a method for producing such a roof protection element and a mold for producing such a roof protection element are to be explained below by way of example with reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention which are shown schematically in the figures. It shows:

Fig. 1

a sketched arrangement of roof protection elements according to the invention on a vehicle to be protected,

2a, b

1 shows a schematic cross section and a top view of a roof protection element,

3a, b

a cross section through a mold,

Fig. 4

supervision of a mold,

5a, b

a top view and a side view of a stamp frame,

Fig. 6

a side view of a guide element,

Fig. 7

a supervision of a mold of the mold,

Fig. 8

a cross section through the mold Fig. 7 along the section line VIII-VIII,

Fig. 9

a cross section through the mold Fig. 7 along the section line IX-IX and

Fig. 10

a top view of an insert plate with different pattern shapes.

To the roof of an object to be protected, such as the one in Fig. 1 Track vehicle 100, shown in sketch form, to protect against bomblets falling onto the vehicle roof from above, roof protection elements 1 according to the invention are arranged on the threat side thereof. As can be seen, the roof protection elements 1 are not only tiled like one another on the roof side of the vehicle trough 101, but also in the roof area of the tower 102 arranged adjacent. This can protect the entire top of the vehicle 100.

In order to provide access to the top of the vehicle 100, for example for attaching items of equipment or getting into the vehicle 100 via a roof hatch, without undesired damage to the roof protection elements 1 being caused by a tread load when entering or other influences, such as, for example Branches falling on the vehicle 100 when driving through a forest, the roof protection elements 1 have the in Fig. 2 shown construction.

In Fig. 2a the structure of the roof protection element 1 can be seen in a cross-sectional view. The roof protection element 1 comprises a cover layer 3 and an active layer 2. The active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 are not connected to one another via an adhesive layer. Rather, the connection between the two layers 2, 3 is achieved by networking the two layers 2, 3. Although in Fig. 2a not shown, intermediate layers which are cross-linked with the active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 can also lie between the cover layer 3 and the active layer 2 in order to indirectly connect the active layer 2 and the cover layer 3 to one another.

The active layer 2, which has a lower hardness to absorb the kinetic energy of a bomblet compared to the cover layer 3, is surrounded by the cover layer 3 on the threat side pointing away in the assembled state from the object to be protected and on its peripheral sides. For this purpose, the cover layer 3 is designed in the manner of a hood, which has a smaller thickness D2 on the peripheral sides than the thickness D1 on the threat side. The reduced thickness D2 of the cover layer 3 on the circumferential sides of the roof protection element 1 makes it possible to arrange active layers 2 of roof protection elements 1 arranged next to one another in a tile-like manner in order to maximize the area with the active layers 2 to be able to cover. At the same time, the covering layer 3 protects the peripheral sides from damage during assembly and in the event that one or more peripheral sides are exposed in the assembled state, for example in the edge region of an area tiled with roof protection elements 1, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.

On the side facing away from the threat, the roof protection element 1 shown has a fastening plate 5 with which the roof protection element 1 can be mounted on an object to be protected. For mounting, the fastening plate 5 has fastening elements 6, which are used to produce a plug connection, screw connection, clamp connection and / or adhesive connection with the object to be protected. The fastening plate 5 can also consist of the cover layer material and / or can be formed in one piece with the cover layer 3. Nevertheless, the mounting plate 5 can also be made of a different material.

Fig. 2b shows a plan view of the roof protection element 1, which has an embossed pattern 4 of zigzag-shaped lines. This pattern 4 is embossed on the cover layer 3 and protrudes from the surrounding surface of the roof protection element 1. It serves as a non-slip pattern to prevent slipping when entering the roof protection element 1. Liquids, such as rainwater, can run off particularly easily between the pattern 4, in particular if the pattern 4, as shown, does not reach the edge of the threat side of the cover layer 3. Nevertheless, other patterns 4 can also be provided, for example straight lines, dots and / or lettering.

The roof protection element 1 is produced using a casting process, for which purpose castable plastic, in particular silicone, is used as the cover layer material and as the active layer material. In the manufacturing process, which in the following in connection with the for this If the mold 10 used is described, a plastic material is used for the cover layer 3, which hardens in a different temperature range than the plastic material of the active layer 2. The plastic material of the cover layer 3 hardens at high temperatures, in particular it is at high temperatures cross-linking silicone, while the plastic material of the active layer 2 only cures at comparatively low temperatures, in particular it is a silicone cross-linking at room temperature.

An embodiment of a mold 10 according to the invention is shown in 3 and 4 shown. It is a mold 10 designed in the manner of a stamp mold. This mold 10 has, in addition to a shell-like casting mold 20, a stamp 30. A recess is provided in the mold 20, which forms the casting space 21. The casting space 21 is open on one side and is only limited at the bottom and along its circumference by the casting mold 20. The liquid and possibly colored plastic material of the cover layer 3 is poured into the casting space 21. The stamp 30 is then introduced into the casting space 21 in such a way that it presses the liquid plastic material further into the casting mold 20.

The stamp 30 has a stamp plate 35 which enters the casting space 21 for pressing in the plastic material of the cover layer. The stamp plate 35 is dimensioned smaller in comparison to the casting space 21 of the casting plate 20, so that there is a circumferential distance D2 between the stamp plate 35 and the casting mold 20. This distance D2 enables the plastic material of the cover layer 3 to be pressed up between the stamping plate 35 and the casting mold 20 by pressing the stamp 30 in the peripheral region of the casting space 21. In this way, the plastic material is brought into a hood-like shape and at the same time the thickness D2 of the peripheral side of the cover layer 3 is predetermined.

The total height of the cover layer 3 can, among other things, be determined via the depth to which the stamp plate 35 enters the casting space 21. The deeper the stamp plate 35 enters the casting space 21, the more cover layer material is pushed up at the edges and the higher the finished cover layer 3. Likewise, the depth to which the stamp plate 35 enters the casting space 21 is the threat-side thickness D1 given the top layer 3.

Since an overflow of the pressed-up cover layer material onto the side of the stamp plate 35 facing away from the mold 20 is undesirable, the stamp plate 35 is marked with an in Fig. 5 stamp frame shown 36 provided. The stamp frame 36 acts as a kind of overflow protection in that its thickness DSR, together with the actual thickness of the stamp plate 35, leads to a greater effective thickness of the stamp plate 35. In order to connect the stamp frame 36 to the stamp plate 35, the latter has connection openings 36.1, which enable the production of a screw connection 38 between the stamp plate 35 and the stamp frame 36. The detachable screw connections 38 enable an exchange of the stamp frame 36 and thus a simple adjustment of the effective thickness of the stamp plate 35 by using stamp frames 36 of different thicknesses DSR.

So that the stamp plate 35 can be reproducibly immersed in the casting space 21, it is connected to two stamp guides 32 via a stamp foot 34 and two stamp arms 33, as in FIG 3 and 4 shown. The stamping foot 34 and the stamping arms 33 together have an essentially T-shaped cross section. The stamp plate 35 is connected to the plate-shaped stamp foot 34 via screw connections 38. This enables an exchange of the stamp plate 35 in order to set the distance D1 and thus the subsequent thickness D1 of the cover layer 3 via the dimensions of the stamp plate 35 used. The stamp plate 35 is additionally pinned to the stamp foot 34 by means of cylindrical pins 37.

The essentially cylindrical stamp guide 32 arranged in the end region of the stamp arm 33 makes it possible, together with an adjusting element 31, to set the distance between the stamp 30 and the mold 20 in a reproducible manner. In particular, the distance D1 between the stamping plate 35 and the casting mold 20 can be set with the aid of the stamp guide 32 and the helical actuating element 31, and the thickness D1 of the cover layer 3 that is later to be threatened can thus be specified.

For this purpose, the stamp 30 rests on guide elements 26, of which in Fig. 6 one is shown in more detail. The essentially cylindrical guide element 26 has a disk-shaped support element 26.2, which has a comparatively large radius. With this support element 26.2, which can be formed in one piece with the guide element 26, the guide element 26 can be supported on a support region 27 of the casting mold 20. Due to the larger radius of the support element 26.2, the support force of the plunger 30 additionally acting on the guide element 26 is transmitted to the casting mold 20 over a larger area, so that the pressure acting on the casting mold 20 is kept low. A fastening section 26.3 of the guide element 26 adjoining the support element 26.2 can pass through an opening 29 in the casting mold 20. The part of the fastening section 26.3 which emerges on the other side of the casting mold 20 and is provided with a thread 26.4 interacts with a nut 28 for fastening the guide element 26 to the casting mold 20, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.

On the side of the support element 26.2 opposite the fastening section 26.3, a guide section 26.1 of the guide element 26 adjoins the support element 26.2. The guide section 26.1 is designed in the manner of a cylinder with smooth surfaces. The guide section 26.1 is immersed as in Fig. 3 shown in the punch guide 32. The stamp-side stamp guide 32 and the mold-side guide element 26 thus form a guide for the adjusting movement of the punch 30. The punch 30 lies loosely on the guide element 26 and can slide axially along the guide section 26.1 with the punch guide 32, while being prevented from transverse movements. Due to the guide section 26.1, the support element 26.2 and the fastening section 26.3, the guide element 26 is essentially circular.

To adjust the distance between the mold 20 and the stamp 30, the in Fig. 3 shown helical actuator 31 rotated about its longitudinal axis. Since the adjusting element 31 engages in a thread 39 of the stamp guide 32, the turning of the adjusting element 31 is translated into an axial translation relative to the stamp guide 32. Since one end face of the actuating element 31 rests on the end face of the guide section 26.1, the axially moving actuating element 31 presses the punch 30 away from the mold 20 via the guide element 26. When the adjusting element 31 is rotated clockwise, the distance D1 between the casting mold 20 and the punch 30 can be increased in this way, while rotating the adjusting element 31 counterclockwise leads to a reduction in the distance D1.

The cover layer material pressed into the mold 20 in this way is baked in the mold 10 at high temperatures, the plastic material of the cover layer beginning to cross-link with itself. When crosslinking, a network of individual molecules and molecular chains is formed, which increases the stability of the plastic material compared to the state before baking. This baking is stopped before the plastic material is completely crosslinked, so that parts of the plastic material are still not crosslinked and do not yet form part of the network. This baking is preferably ended at a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%. In this degree of crosslinking, the plastic material of the cover layer 3 is already crosslinked to such an extent that the cover layer 3 can hold the shape specified by the mold 10 even without the stamp 30. After this partial baking, the top layer 3 still has residual moisture, which enables subsequent crosslinking with the active layer 2.

In the next process step, the stamp 30 is therefore removed from the casting mold 20, for which purpose no connections have to be loosened in a simple manner, since the stamp 30 only rests on the guide elements 26 and, due to its own weight, enters the casting space 21 to press in the cover layer material. The possibly colored plastic material of the active layer is poured onto the plastic material of the cover layer 3, which is not fully cross-linked and supported on one side by the mold 20 and has a shell-like shape. The parts of the plastic material of the cover layer which have not yet been crosslinked can mix with the plastic material of the active layer or partially diffuse into one another.

The roof protection element 1 then hardens in the mold 20. The plastic material of the active layer 2 not only crosslinks with itself, but also with the parts of the plastic material of the cover layer 3 that have not yet been crosslinked. After the complete crosslinking, the two plastic materials form a continuous network connecting the active layer 2 and the cover layer 3.

In order to remove the roof protection element 1 from the casting mold 20 after all layers 2, 3 have been crosslinked, FIG 7 to 9 Mold 20 shown a squeeze opening 25. This press-out opening 25 is arranged below the casting space 21 arranged between the support regions 27. The lowered support regions 27 can also be seen. In the center of the support regions 27 there is that opening 29 of the casting mold 20 through which the fastening section 26.3 of the guide element 26 can pass for fastening to the casting mold 20.

A pressing tool, not shown, can be inserted into the pressing opening 25 from the side of the casting mold 20, which faces away from the casting space 21, for pressing out the roof protection element 1.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the extrusion tool does not act directly on the roof protection element 1 located in the casting space 21 and having a maximum depth A of the casting space 21, but first on an insertion plate 23. For this purpose, the insertion plate 23 is inserted into a receptacle 22 before the cover layer material is poured in. The extrusion force applied by the extrusion tool is distributed more evenly over the roof protection element 1 via the insert plate 23, so that it is pressed out of the casting mold 20 more gently. The thickness of this insert plate 23 corresponds to the depth E of the receptacle 22. In this way, the insert plate 23 ends evenly with the casting space 21 in order to enable a flat surface of the cover layer 3 on the threat side.

In Fig. 10 several possible sides of the insert plate 23 facing the casting space 21 are shown as examples. The lower right quadrant of the insert plate 23 has a flat surface. An insert plate 23 with such a flat surface leads to a flat, threat-side surface of the cover layer 3.

The three other quadrants of the insert plate 23 have different pattern shapes 24. These are examples of a dot pattern, a straight line pattern and a zigzag-shaped line pattern. The pattern shapes 24 can be elevations relative to the surface of the insert plate 23 surrounding them. These emboss a corresponding pattern 4 into the plastic material of the cover layer 3 during curing, since they additionally displace the plastic material. This leads to depressions in the finished cover layer 3. The pattern shapes 24 can, however, also be depressions in the surface of the insert plate 23, into which the plastic material flows into the mold 20 when it is poured. This leads to elevations in the finished cover layer 3. Likewise, the pattern shapes 24 can also consist of a combination of depressions and elevations, as a result of which it is also possible to achieve more complicated surface structures in the finished cover layer 3.

In the Fig. 10 The surface structure of the insert plate 23 shown is only intended to illustrate some of the possible pattern shapes 24. Other pattern shapes, such as lettering or wave patterns, are possible. The insert plate 23 preferably has a single pattern shape 24, although combinations of several pattern shapes 24 on an insert plate 23 are also possible.

In the roof protection element 1 according to the invention, no adhesive layer is used between the cover layer 3 and the active layer 2. The additional adhesive connection between the two layers 2, 3 is thus dispensed with. In addition, the silicone hardnesses can be set in order to ensure optimum tread protection for the top layer 3 and protection against bomblets for the active layer 2. Both layers 2, 3 can be colored and / or painted in any desired RAL color. Since no adhesive is used in this roof protection element 1 and the step protection materials are made of silicone, the number of elements in the system has been reduced.

With the roof protection element 1, the vehicle 100, the method for producing the roof protection element 1 and the mold 10, a roof protection with greater durability and extended service life can be achieved.

Reference number:

1

Roof protection element

2nd

Active layer

3rd

Top layer

4th

template

5

Mounting plate

6

Fastener

10th

Mold

20

mold

21

Casting room

22

admission

23

Insert plate

24th

Pattern shape

25th

Squeeze opening

26

Guide element

26.1

Guide section

26.2

Support element

26.3

Fastening section

26.4

thread

27

Support area

28

mother

29

opening

30th

stamp

31

Actuator

32

Stamp management

33

Stamp arms

34

Stamping foot

35

Stamp plate

36

Stamp frame

36.1

Connection opening

37

pen

38

Screw connection

39

thread

100

vehicle

101

Vehicle pan

102

tower

A

depth

E

depth

D1

thickness

D2

thickness

DSR

thickness

Claims (15)

Roof protection element, in particular for protecting the roof of a military vehicle (100), with an active layer (2) made of a first plastic material for protection against shelling, in particular by means of ballistic bomblets, and a cover layer (3) made of a different second plastic material for covering the active layer (2),
characterized,
that the plastic material of the active layer (2) and the plastic material of the cover layer (3) are cross-linked. Roof protection element according to claim 1, characterized in that the active layer (2) has a lower hardness than the cover layer (3). Roof protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic material of the cover layer (3) and the plastic material of the active layer (2) are plastic materials which harden in different temperature ranges. Roof protection element according to claim 3, characterized in that the plastic material of the cover layer (3) is a material which cures at high temperatures, in particular a silicone which crosslinks at high temperatures, and that the plastic material of the active layer (4) is a material which cures at low temperatures, in particular a silicone that crosslinks at room temperature. Roof protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) surrounds the active layer (2) in the manner of a hood. Roof protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pattern (4), in particular an anti-slip pattern, is embossed and / or embossed on the cover layer (3). Vehicle, in particular military vehicle, characterized by a roof protection element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6. Method for producing a roof protection element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the cover layer (3) and the active layer (2) are crosslinked. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the plastic material of the cover layer (3) is molded into a mold (10), in particular a stamp mold, for molding. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the plastic material of the cover layer (3), in particular in the mold (10), is baked out. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the baking of the plastic material of the cover layer (3) is ended when the plastic material of the cover layer (3) is only partially crosslinked, preferably the baking is ended when a degree of crosslinking of 70% to 98%, in particular of 95%. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the plastic material of the active layer (2) is poured onto the partially cross-linked cover layer (3). A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the plastic material of the cover layer (3) and the plastic material of the active layer (2) crosslink with one another during curing. Mold for producing a roof protection element (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6 with a casting mold (20), the casting mold (20) delimiting a casting space (21) on several sides for receiving the plastic material of the cover layer (3),
marked by
a stamp (30) which can be arranged on the casting mold (20) for pressing the plastic material of the cover layer (3) into the casting mold (20). Chill mold according to claim 14 for use in a manufacturing method according to one of claims 8 to 13.

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