Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
  • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0216—Coatings
  • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
  • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
  • H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
  • H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels. More particularly, the present invention relates to laminated photovoltaic panels.
• photovoltaic panels because of their weight, it is currently not possible to install some photovoltaic panels on the roof of some buildings to not violate the technical standards in force. Indeed, most known photovoltaic panels generally have a glass front and a metal support frame so that a single photovoltaic panel often weighs more than 20 kg, or 30 kg for some models. If we add more support structures that are necessary for the installation of photovoltaic panels, we arrive at an additional load of 15 kg / m 2 or more for a roof.
• the present invention aims to overcome the various drawbacks of the prior art set forth above, and in particular by proposing a laminate of photovoltaic cells whose maintenance operations are limited and which can at least partially stem the reduction of the electrical production over time due to fouling.
• the present invention relates to a flexible laminate of photovoltaic cells comprising:
• the presence of the outer film on the encapsulation front layer makes it possible to protect the latter and to limit the fouling of the latter due to the exposure of the flexible laminate of photovoltaic cells to the elements and dust. This outer film therefore makes it possible to limit or space over time the maintenance operations on such a laminate.
• the average roughness of this external film in the state deposited on the encapsulation front layer makes it possible to limit the possible adhesion of dirt, such as dust for example, on the latter because of its low roughness.
• the laminate may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
• the maximum roughness of the outer film of flexible material is for example less than 3 ⁇ , especially between 0.1 - 2.6 ⁇ .
• the photovoltaic cells are silicon-based cells, in particular monocrystalline or multi-crystalline cells.
• the flexible material used for the outer film is for example a polymer.
• the polymer forming the outer film of flexible material is chosen from the family of polyvinylidene polyflurorides (PVDF), polyvinyl fluorides (PVF), ethylenes tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyethylene terephthalates ( PET), polyurethanes, acrylics, or silicones.
• PVDF polyvinylidene polyflurorides
• PVF polyvinyl fluorides
• ETFE ethylenes tetrafluoroethylene
• PET polyethylene terephthalates
• polyurethanes acrylics, or silicones.
• the outer film of flexible material has a thickness between 10 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ .
• the outer film of flexible material may have anti-reflective properties, in particular by the nature of the materials such as thin layers or by the surface texture.
• the front and rear encapsulation layers each have a thickness of between 0.05 mm and 3 mm.
• each of the front layers comprises, for example, a fiberglass fabric and an encapsulating resin.
• the present invention also relates to a process for reducing or limiting the soiling on the surface of a flexible laminate of photovoltaic cells comprising a layer of photovoltaic cells connected to one another, a front layer and a rear layer for encapsulating the layer of photovoltaic cells, said method comprising the application of an outer film of flexible material with antifouling properties on the front layer, said film external having an average roughness of less than 1 ⁇ , in particular between 0.1 and 0.5 ⁇ .
• the outer film is laminated together with the photovoltaic cell, front and rear encapsulation layers.
• the outer film is placed on the flexible laminate after a step of lamination of the photovoltaic cell layers, front and rear encapsulation.
• the outer film can cooperate with the front layer of encapsulation by gluing.
• the outer film may be applied in liquid form on the encapsulation front layer and then solidified.
• the outer film can be solidified thermally.
• Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a flexible laminate
• Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a flexible laminate according to one embodiment.
• front layer in the following description means the surface of the flexible laminate first exposed to the solar rays in the installed state of the flexible laminate.
• back layer in the following description means the layer opposite to the frontal layer, that is to say the surface which is impacted last by the sun rays during their passage through the laminate in the installed state of the laminate.
• transparent in the following description means a material, preferably colorless, through which light can pass with a maximum absorption of 10% wavelengths in particular between 280 nm and 1300 nm.
• film of flexible material the fact that during the application of a certain radius of curvature, the film does not crack.
• the material should withstand without damage a radius of curvature of 80 cm.
• a flexible laminate 1 of photovoltaic cells 3 to form for example a panel or a photovoltaic module.
• the flexible laminate 1 comprises a layer of photovoltaic cells 3, composed according to this particular representation by four strips of photovoltaic cells 3, connected together, a front layer 5 and a rear layer 7 of encapsulation of the photovoltaic cell layer 3.
• Flexible laminate 1 may for example be obtained by a conventional lamination process, that is to say by raising the temperature of a stack of the different layers forming the laminate 1 and then by pressing on this stack for a determined duration under vacuum or under an inert atmosphere for example.
• the flexibility of the laminate 1 is obtained thanks to the constituent materials of the various layers comprising the laminate 1 as is explained in more detail later.
• the use of a flexible laminate 1 for such a panel or photovoltaic module facilitates its transport and installation because the fragility of the latter is reduced.
• the encapsulation front and rear layers 7 each comprise a glass fiber fabric 51, 71 and an encapsulation resin 53, 73.
• the presence of a fiberglass fabric 51, 71 in the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers makes it possible in particular to improve the resistance of this laminate 1 to shocks and impacts.
• the glass fiber fabrics 51, 71 are embedded in the encapsulating resin.
• the glass fiber fabric 51 of the encapsulation front layer 5 does not induce a particular roughness of the flexible laminate 1 at least at the outer surface of the encapsulation front layer 5.
• the encapsulation resin 53, 73 is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and the glass fiber fabric 51, 71 to provide cohesion between the glass fiber fabric 51, 71 and the photovoltaic cells 3.
• each of the two front and rear layers 7 may be formed of a single layer of impregnated fiberglass fabric.
• At least the encapsulation front layer 5 is transparent to allow the solar rays to reach the layer of photovoltaic cells 3 to allow their conversion of photovoltaic energy into electrical energy.
• the solar rays first penetrate the encapsulation front layer 5, then the layer of the photovoltaic cells 3 and finally, if the encapsulation back layer 7 is not absorbed.
• this encapsulation front layer 5 is highly exposed to dust and weather hazards that can foul it due to its layout. Indeed, dirt can be deposited on this front encapsulation layer 5 and cause phenomena of absorption or scattering of light which can reduce the production of electrical energy of the photovoltaic panel.
• the flexible laminate 1 comprises an outer film 9 of flexible material with antifouling and transparent properties, placed on the encapsulation front layer 5.
• this outer film 9 which will be directly exposed to soiling that may come from the external environment. More particularly, this outer film 9 of flexible material has an average roughness of less than 1 ⁇ , in particular between 0.1 and 0.5 ⁇ .
• mean roughness means here the roughness as defined in the ISO 4287 standard and generally indicated under the symbol Ra which corresponds to the arithmetic mean of all the ordinates of the outer film 9 within a base length.
• Ra the average roughness for this outer film 9 limits the adhesion of dust and sandy residues that may for example be contained in rainwater to limit and prevent the deposition of dirt and possibly the formation of mold on the laminate 1.
• the average roughness of the outer film 9 corresponds to the roughness of the outer surface of the flexible laminate 1 having the outer film 9. This average roughness therefore corresponds to the roughness of this outer surface having the outer film 9.
• the roughness of the outer film 9 is low, less soil can be anchored on the outer film 9 because their possibility of adhesion to this layer is greatly reduced.
• the presence of the outer film 9 makes it possible to space the cleaning and maintenance operations to be performed on this flexible laminate 1, and therefore the costs generated by such operations.
• the outer film 9 has a maximum roughness of less than 3 ⁇ , in particular between 0.1 and 2.6 ⁇ .
• maximum roughness is understood here, the roughness generally indicated under the symbol Rz which corresponds to the sum of the greatest of the heights of the profile and the largest of the depths of hollow of the frontal outer layer 9 inside a base length averaged over the total number of base lengths.
• the maximum roughness for this outer film 9 is also a parameter to take into account, because if the flexible laminate 1 has in certain places points of high roughness, dirt can accumulate around these points and adversely affect the performance converting the photovoltaic panel to which the laminate is integrated.
• the maximum roughness here also corresponds to the maximum roughness of the outer surface of the flexible laminate 1 when the outer film 9 is disposed on the encapsulation front layer 5.
• the flexible laminate 1 has at least one front layer having a smooth outer surface which allows to limit the adhesion of dirt such as dust for example on this external surface which allows among other things to limit the maintenance operations of this flexible laminate 1.
• the flexible material used for the outer film 9 is a transparent polymer.
• the polymer forming the outer film 9 of flexible material is chosen from the family of vinylidene polyflurorides (PVDF), polyvinyl fluorides (PVF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane, silicones or acrylics. Such polymers are compatible with lamination processes.
• the outer film 9 may be applied in solid form (plastic film for example) or liquid with elastic solidification thereafter. Alternatively, the outer film 9 can be laminated to the laminate 1 together with the photovoltaic cell layers 3, front 5 and back 7 encapsulation.
• the "transparency" of the outer film 9 is not only obtained by its absorption abilities, but also by its thinness.
• an outer film 9 may have a peak or an absorption band in the wavelength operating range of the photovoltaic cells, but because of the thinness of the outer film 9, the probability of absorption is low and leads to at an absorption rate of the outer film 9 of less than 10%.
• the use of fluoropolymers makes it possible to increase the resistance of flexible laminate 1, and in particular that of the front outer layer 9, to humidity or to acid attack.
• the polymer forming the outer film 9 of flexible material is selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• this outer film 9 is in the form of a three-layer film of which at least one layer is composed of polyethylene terephthalate.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the use of such a polymer also makes it possible to impart to the outer film 9 properties of resistance to moisture or to acid attack in particular. Thus, the maintenance and operating costs of this flexible laminate 1 are limited.
• Such materials having medium and maximum roughness characteristics compatible with the values necessary to limit the fouling of the flexible laminate 1.
• such materials are dielectric materials. Thus, their attraction of dust for example by electrostatic effect is prevented, which also makes it possible to limit the fouling of the flexible laminate 1.
• the use of such materials allows the outer film 9 of flexible material to have anti-corrosive properties. reflective in order to optimize the photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of the flexible laminate 1.
• the photovoltaic cells 3 forming the photovoltaic cell layer 3 in this flexible laminate 1 are, for example, cells based on monocrystalline silicon or multi-crystalline.
• monocrystalline silicon makes it possible to have good photovoltaic conversion yields per square meter.
• such a material also has a good resistance to aging, which makes it possible to increase the longevity of this flexible laminate 1.
• the outer film 9 of flexible material has a thickness e between 20 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ . Such a thickness of the outer film 9 of flexible material makes it possible to correct the possible surface defects of the encapsulation front layer 5 on which this film is arranged so that the flexible laminate 1 has the mean and maximum roughnesses defined above in order to limit the dirt adhesion possibilities on this front outer layer 9.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers each have a thickness E of between 0.05 mm and 3 mm.
• a thickness E of the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers provides a flexible laminate 1 thin, which allows in particular to reduce the costs related to its transport and weight.
• the front and rear encapsulation layers 5 and 5 have the same thickness E.
• these front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers may have different thicknesses.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers are both transparent.
• the solar rays pass through the entire flexible laminate 1.
• the encapsulation back layer 7 may be non-transparent and / or reflective.
• the flexible laminate 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 thus allows the implementation of a method making it possible to reduce or limit soiling on the surface of the flexible laminate 1 of photovoltaic cells 3.
• the outer film 9, having an average roughness of less than 1 ⁇ and especially between 0.1 and 0.5 ⁇ , can be deposited on the encapsulation front layer 7 before rolling and be laminated at the same time as the layers 3 , 5 and 7. According to one alternatively, it can be deposited and fixed on the laminate 1 after rolling, for example by gluing or by application in liquid form with solidification thereafter.
• this deposit may for example be achieved by a process of coating by centrifugation (or spin coating in English) or by dipping (dip coating in English). ) for example.
• other deposition methods can be envisaged, for example by projection.
• the solidification of the outer film 9 can be carried out thermally, for example.
• the laminate having the outer film 9 in liquid form can be placed in an oven to allow the evaporation of the solvent and thus the solidification of the outer film 9.
• other methods of solidification of this outer film 9 may be envisaged, for example a crosslinking of the material constituting this outer film 9.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-09-20 FR FR1758690A patent/FR3071357B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-09-17 WO PCT/EP2018/075099 patent/WO2019057675A1/fr unknown
  • 2018-09-17 US US16/649,446 patent/US11710800B2/en active Active
  • 2018-09-17 CN CN201880068200.7A patent/CN111247644A/zh active Pending
  • 2018-09-17 EP EP18766282.0A patent/EP3685448A1/de active Pending

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