Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
  • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of surface covers and in particular roof covers and in particular surface covers comprising photovoltaic modules.
• the present invention relates to an assembly for surface covering, in particular a roof, comprising:
• the assembly comprising the support membrane bonded to the laminate has a rigidity greater than 10 daN / mm.
• the assembly comprising the support membrane bonded to the laminate has an inertia of at least 5 kg / m 2 .
• the bonding surface represents at least 90% of an intermediate zone located between the support membrane and the laminate.
• a portion of the intermediate zone devoid of glue has a length for the small dimension of less than 10 mm and a thickness of less than 1 mm.
• the glue thickness is between 200 mhi and 1.5 mm.
• the support membrane is a bituminous membrane.
• the glass fibers are disposed in the front encapsulation layer.
• the glass fibers are disposed in the back encapsulation layer.
• the glass fibers are disposed in the front encapsulation layer and in the back encapsulation layer.
• the front and rear encapsulation layers have a thickness of between 0.5 and 3mm.
• the front and back encapsulation layers comprise a resin selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate "EVA” resins, epoxy resins and polyolefin resins.
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
• the photovoltaic cells are made from crystalline silicon.
• the laminate has a rigidity and an inertia such that the product of the rigidity and the inertia is less than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 .
• the present invention also relates to a method of assembling a roof covering assembly as described above comprising the following steps:
• a layer of glue is placed on a rear face of the laminate and / or on the support membrane,
• the laminate is assembled by gluing on the support membrane to obtain the roof covering assembly.
• FIG. 1 represents a diagram of a photovoltaic assembly for roof covering
• FIG.2 shows an exploded view of the different layers of an assembly for roof covering according to a first embodiment
• FIG.3 shows an exploded view of the different layers of an assembly for roof covering according to a second embodiment
• FIG.4 shows a sectional view of a roof covering assembly
• FIG.5 represents a flowchart of the different stages of a process for assembling a roof covering assembly
• FIG.6 represents a diagram of a local deformation of a surface under the effect of a point load.
• front layer or front face in the following description, the surface of the laminate first exposed to sunlight in the installed state of the laminate.
• rear layer or rear face is understood in the following description to mean the layer (or surface) opposite the front layer (front surface), that is to say the surface which is impacted last by the elements. solar rays as they pass through the laminate in the installed state of the laminate.
• transparent in the following description, a material, through which light can pass with a transmittance of at least 80%, especially in wavelengths between 315 nm and 1200 nm.
• film or laminate of soft or flexible material the fact that when applying a certain radius of curvature, the film and the photovoltaic cells do not crack.
• the material should withstand a radius of curvature of 1 meter without damage.
• FIG. 1 there is shown an assembly for surface coverage 1 comprising a support membrane 13 and a photovoltaic laminate 2.
• the surface coverage 1 may correspond to a roof covering of a building. or a light structure, or even a vehicle.
• the support membrane 13 is for example a bituminous membrane having a thickness e of between 2 and 10 mm, or a membrane made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) or of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer. (EPDM).
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene monomer.
• a roof covering beyond the support membrane 13, it is also possible to take into account for rigidity the possible insulation layer of 10 to 200 mm such as rock wool, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, vapor barriers and support such as ribbed steel sheets, wood decking or a concrete slab.
• the laminate 2 comprises a layer of photovoltaic cells 3 connected together, composed according to the particular representation of FIG. 1 by four columns of six photovoltaic cells 3.
• the photovoltaic cells 3 forming the layer of photovoltaic cells 3 in this laminate 2 are for example cells based on monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon.
• monocrystalline silicon makes it possible to have good photovoltaic conversion yields per meter square which limits the area necessary for a specific energy requirement.
• such a material also has good resistance to aging, which makes it possible to increase the longevity and reliability of this laminate 2.
• the laminate 2 also comprises a front encapsulation layer 5 and a rear encapsulation layer 7.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers are arranged on one side and the other of the cell layer.
• photovoltaic 3 and sandwich the layer of photovoltaic cells 3.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers are for example made respectively by layers of resin 50 and 70.
• the encapsulation resin is for example made of epoxy or ethylene vinyl acetate "EVA" or polyolefin resin.
• the back layer and / or the front encapsulating layer also comprises glass fibers 9.
• the back encapsulating layer 7 comprises glass fibers 9 while on the other hand.
• FIG. 3 the front layer 5 and the rear encapsulating layer 7 comprise glass fibers 9.
• the rear encapsulating layer 7 can comprise glass fibers 9.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers can for example each comprise a fabric of glass fibers 9 and an encapsulating resin 50, 70. More particularly, the encapsulating resin 50, 70 is disposed between the layer of photovoltaic cells 3 and the fabric of glass fibers 9 in order to ensure the cohesion between the fabric of glass fibers 9 and the layer of photovoltaic cells 3.
• each of the two front 5 and rear 7 layers can be formed from a single layer of fiberglass fabric 9 impregnated with encapsulation resin 50, 70.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers have, for example, a thickness E of between 0.5 and 3 mm.
• the laminate 2 can also include additional layers shown in Figure 3 such as for example a protective layer 11, also called front layer, located on the front face of the front encapsulation layer 5.
• a protective layer 11 also called front layer, located on the front face of the front encapsulation layer 5.
• the laminate 2 can also comprise a rear protective layer 16 arranged on the rear face of the rear encapsulation layer 7 and configured in particular to protect the photovoltaic cells 3 and the electrical connections between them, which are for example made by means of metal bands.
• the protective rear layer 16 can also include reflective properties to return the solar rays to the layer of photovoltaic cells 3.
• Laminate 2 thus forms a photovoltaic module.
• Laminate 2 can be a flexible laminate.
• the flexibility of the laminate 1 is then obtained thanks to the constituent materials of the various layers composing this laminate 2.
• the use of a flexible laminate 2 for such a panel or photovoltaic module makes it possible to facilitate its transport and its installation because the fragility of the latter is diminished.
• the weight is reduced compared to a photovoltaic module comprising a glass pane and a metal structure.
• At least the front encapsulation layer 5, and the possible protective layer 11 are transparent to allow the solar rays to reach the layer of photovoltaic cells 3 in order to allow their conversion into electrical energy via the photovoltaic effect. .
• the laminate 2 is configured to be glued to the support membrane 13 to form the assembly for surface covering 1.
• the assembly 1 has a rigidity and an inertia such as the product of the rigidity and the l inertia is greater than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 .
• the assembly also has a rigidity greater than 10 daN / mm.
• At least the support membrane 13 can have a rigidity greater than 10 daN / mm.
• the laminate 2 has for example a rigidity and an inertia such that the product of the rigidity and the inertia is less than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 , the combination with the support membrane 13 then being necessary to obtain rigidity and an overall inertia such that the product of the stiffness times the inertia is greater than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 .
• the rigidity (or elasticity) of the assembly 1 is defined as the displacement D of the assembly 1 under a point load P at the point of application of the load with a reference surface corresponding to a circle having a diameter d between 10 cm and 15 cm around the point of application of the load P as shown in figure 6.
• the rigidity is expressed in force per unit of length (N / m or in pragmatic unit in daN / mm).
• the (vertical) inertia of assembly 1 can be reduced to the surface mass since it is the mass to be displaced during an impact, it is expressed in mass per unit of horizontal area ( kg / m 2 ).
• the inertia of the assembly 1 is for example at least 5 kg / m 2 .
• the mechanical coupling between the laminate 2 and the support membrane 13 is produced by a layer of adhesive 17 placed between the rear face of the laminate 2 (corresponding to the rear face of encapsulation 7 or, where appropriate, to the rear layer 16 ) and the support membrane 13.
• the glue used is, for example, butyl deposited cold in the factory on the rear of the laminate 2 or else hot-deposited bitumen on the support membrane 13.
• the thickness h of the adhesive layer 17 is, for example, between 200 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm.
• the glue is distributed so that the bonding surface represents at least 90% of an intermediate zone located between the support membrane 13 and the laminate 2, that is to say that all the portions devoid of glue in the intermediate zone corresponds to an area less than 10% of the total area of the facing faces of the laminate 2 and of the support membrane 13.
• a portion of this intermediate zone devoid of glue has, over the small dimension, of each of the portions a length less than L than 10 mm and a thickness I less than 1 mm as represented by the white rectangle. located in the adhesive layer 17 in FIG. 4.
• length according to the small dimension is meant here the diameter of the largest circular surface that can be inserted in the zone devoid of adhesive.
• the glue-free area has a rectangular shape, it will match the width of the rectangle, and if the glue-free area has an elliptical shape, it will match the small diameter of the ellipse.
• the layer of glue 17 is shown oversized in relation to the other layers of the laminate 2 for the sake of clarity to represent a portion devoid of glue.
• Such an arrangement of the adhesive makes it possible to obtain a good distribution of the forces on the various layers of the assembly for surface covering 1, which thus makes it possible to limit local deformations during an impact of hailstones.
• the materials and thickness of the surface covering assembly 1 thus formed are chosen so that the surface covering assembly 1 has a rigidity and inertia such that the product of the stiffness and the inertia is greater than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 .
• the assembly 1 can also have an inertia of at least 5 kg / m 2 .
• Such an assembly for surface coverage 1 comprising a photovoltaic laminate 2 bonded to a support membrane 13 as described above makes it possible to obtain an assembly for surface coverage 1 whose total weight is limited while having a limited deformation under the impact of hailstones so that the photovoltaic cells 3 are not damaged by hailstones producing, for example, a kinetic energy of 2.2 joules on impact.
• This resistance to hail is obtained by the combination of the mechanical characteristics of the support membrane 13 and of the laminate 2 as well as by the quality of the bonding between the laminate 2 and the support membrane 13 allowing a distribution of the forces at the same time on the laminate 2 and on the support membrane during hail impacts, which makes it possible to limit the deformation of the laminate 2 and therefore of the photovoltaic cells 3.
• the first step 101 relates to the assembly of the layer of photovoltaic cells 3, of the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers and possibly of the rear protective layer 13.
• This assembly is for example obtained by a lamination process. conventional, that is to say by raising the temperature, under vacuum or under an inert atmosphere for example, of a stack of the various layers forming the laminate 2 then by pressing on this stack for a determined period of time.
• the front 5 and rear 7 encapsulation layers comprise an encapsulating resin 50, 70. at least one of the front 5 or rear 7 encapsulation layers comprises a fabric of glass fibers 9.
• the second step 102 which is an optional step, concerns the deposition of a protective layer 11 on the front face of the front encapsulation layer 5.
• the protective layer 11 protects the other layers of the laminate 2.
• the protective layer 11 may for example comprise an optical film with high transparency (greater than 80 or 90%).
• the third step 103 concerns the deposition of the adhesive layer 17 on the rear face of the laminate 2 and / or on the front face of the support membrane 13.
• the adhesive is preferably distributed uniformly over the whole of the or surfaces facing the support membrane 13 and the laminate 2, that is to say at the level of the intermediate zone located between the support membrane 13 and the laminate 2.
• the thickness h of the adhesive layer 17 is, for example, between 200 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm.
• the glue is distributed so that the bonding surface represents at least 90% of an intermediate zone located between the support membrane 13 and the laminate 2.
• the fourth step 104 concerns the assembly by gluing between the support membrane 13 and the laminate 2 to obtain the assembly for surface coverage 1.
• the assembly can be done directly on site, the support membrane 13 being installed beforehand. , for example on a roof, and the laminate 2 being glued to the support membrane 13 or the assembly can be done beforehand and the assembly 1 is then installed on the surface, for example the roof of the building.
• the manufacturing process described above allows, thanks to the bonding assembly of a photovoltaic laminate 2 and a support membrane 13, said assembly having a rigidity and an inertia such as the product of the rigidity and inertia is greater than 30,000 daN.kg.m 3 , to obtain an assembly for surface coverage 1 that can withstand bad weather and in particular hail.
• the combination of photovoltaic modules formed by a laminate which can be flexible and light with a support membrane 13, in particular made of bitumen, which has for example a rigidity greater than 10 daN / mm makes it possible to provide an assembly for surface coverage 1 easy to manufacture and install.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2019
  • 2019-12-24 FR FR1915571A patent/FR3105656B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-12-18 US US17/788,988 patent/US20220359777A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-12-18 WO PCT/EP2020/086999 patent/WO2021130112A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-12-18 EP EP20824582.9A patent/EP4082046A1/de active Pending

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