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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C08K13/04—Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
  • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
  • C08K7/14—Glass
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  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
  • C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
  • C08K5/3492—Triazines
  • C08K5/34924—Triazines containing cyanurate groups; Tautomers thereof
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
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  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2201/00—Properties
  • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2203/00—Applications
  • C08L2203/12—Applications used for fibers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2203/00—Applications
  • C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2203/00—Applications
  • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel combinations of flame retardants and polymer compositions containing these and their use.
• Flammable plastics generally have to be equipped with flame retardants in order to achieve the high flame retardance requirements demanded by plastics processors and in part by the legislation. Preference - also for ecological reasons - are non-halogenated
• phosphinates the salts of phosphinic acids (phosphinates) have proven to be particularly effective for thermoplastic polymers (DE 2 252 258 A and DE 2 447 727 A).
• synergistic combinations of phosphinates with certain nitrogen-containing compounds are known which act more effectively in a whole series of polymers as flame retardants than the phosphinates alone (WO-2002/28953 A1 and DE 197 34 437 A1 and DE 197 37 727 A1).
• dialkylphosphinates containing a small amount of selected telomers are suitable as flame retardants for polymers, the polymer only undergoing very little degradation upon incorporation of the flame retardant into the polymer matrix. Flame retardants must often be added in high dosages in order to ensure a sufficient flame retardancy of the plastic according to international standards. Due to their chemical reactivity, which for the
• Flame retardancy at high temperatures is required Flame retardants, especially at higher dosages, affect the processing stability of plastics. It can lead to increased polymer degradation, crosslinking reactions, outgassing or discoloration.
• X-ray reflections of high-temperature modifications of aluminum salts of phosphinic acids are known from WO 98/03515 A1. These phosphinic acid salts are produced at high temperature.
• the invention provides flame retardant combinations containing - phosphinic acid salt of the formula (I) as component A.
• Ri and R2 are ethyl
• M is Al, Fe, TiOp or Zn
• n 2 to 3, preferably 2 or 3
• Phosphonic acid salt of the formula (II) as component C Phosphonic acid salt of the formula (II) as component C.
• R 3 is ethyl
• Met is Al, Fe, TiOq or Zn
• n 2 to 3, preferably 2 or 3
• Preferred flame retardant combinations according to the invention are those whose X-ray powder diffractogram contains the following reflections: in the angular range 2 ⁇ of 9.099 ° to 9.442 °, from 10.802 ° to 11004, from 1 1, 775 to 11, 990, from 18.619 ° to 18.984 ° and from 26.268 ° to 26.679 °.
• the proportion of component A is usually 5 to 85 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 60 wt .-%.
• the proportion of component B is usually 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt .-%.
• the proportion of component C is usually 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt .-%.
• the proportion of component D is usually 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%.
• the percentages for the proportions of components A to D relate to the total amount of the flame retardant combinations. Preference is given to flame retardant combinations in which
• the proportion of component A is from 5 to 85% by weight
• the proportion of component B is from 0.01 to 10% by weight
• the proportion of component A is from 10 to 60% by weight
• the proportion of component B is from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight
• the proportion of component D is from 10 to 30% by weight
• Preferred salts of component A are those in which M m + Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ or in particular Al 3+ .
• Preferably used salts of component B are zinc, iron or
• Preferably used salts of component C are those in which Met n + Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ or in particular Al 3+ .
• Component B are present as aluminum salts.
• Diethylphosphoric acid are known flame retardants for polymeric molding compositions.
• Salts of diethylphosphinic acid with fractions of the phosphinic and phosphonic acid salts used according to the invention as components B and C are known flame retardants. The preparation of this combination of substances is z. B. in US 7,420,007 B2 described. The salts of diethylphosphinic acid used according to the invention
• Component A may contain small amounts of salts of component B and of salts of component C, for example up to 10% by weight
• Component B preferably 0.01 to 6 wt.%, And in particular 0.2 to 2.5 wt.% Thereof, and up to 10 wt.% Of component C, preferably 0.01 to 6 wt. and in particular from 0.2 to 2.5% by weight thereof, based on the amount of components A, B and C.
• Ethylphosphonic acid are as additives to diethylphosphinates in
• Flame retardants for polymeric molding compositions also known, for example from WO 2016/065971 A1.
• the melamine cyanurate used according to the invention as component D is known as a synergist in conjunction with diethyl phosphates in flame retardants for polymeric molding compositions, for example from WO 97/39053 A1).
• components A, B, C and D are in particulate form, the average particle size (dso) being 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
• Component E The use of the present invention used as component E.
• the inorganic phosphonate (component E) preferably corresponds to the general formula (IV) or (V) [(HO) PO 2 ] 2 -p / 2 cat P + (IV)
• Kat is a p-valent cation, in particular a cation of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, an ammonium cation and / or a cation of Fe, Zn or in particular of Al including the cations Al ( OH) or Al (OH) 2, and p is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
• the inorganic phosphonate (component E) is preferably aluminum phosphite [Al (H2PO3) 3], secondary aluminum phosphite [Al2 (HPO3) 3], basic aluminum phosphite [Al (OH) (H2PO3) 2 * 2aq],
• the inorganic phosphonate (component E) is preferably also aluminum phosphites of the formulas (VI), (VII) and / or (VIII)
• Aluminum phosphite tetrahydrate [Al 2 (HPO 3) 3 * 4aq] to form aluminum phosphonate Al7 (HPO3) 9 (OH) 6 (1,6-hexanediamine) i, 5 * 12H 2 O, by ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 3) 3 * ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 * ⁇ 2 ⁇ with x 2,27 - 1 and / or AUH6P16O18.
• Preferred inorganic phosphonates are water-insoluble or sparingly soluble salts.
• component E is a
• Reaction product of phosphorous acid and an aluminum compound Reaction product of phosphorous acid and an aluminum compound.
• Particularly preferred components E are aluminum phosphites with the
• the preparation of the preferably used aluminum phosphites is carried out by reacting an aluminum source with a phosphorus source and optionally a template in a solvent at 20-200 ° C for a period of up to 4 days.
• the aluminum source and the phosphorus source are mixed for 1 to 4 hours, heated under hydrothermal conditions or at reflux, filtered off, washed and z. B. at 1 10 ° C dried.
• Preferred aluminum sources are aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide (eg pseudoboehmite).
• Preferred sources of phosphorus are phosphorous acid, (acidic)
• alkali metal phosphites are disodium phosphite, disodium phosphite hydrate, trisodium phosphite, potassium hydrogen phosphite
• Preferred Dinatriumphosphithydrat is Brüggolen ® H10 of the company. Brüggemann.
• Preferred templates are 1, 6-hexanediamine, guanidine carbonate or ammonia.
• Preferred alkaline earth metal phosphite is calcium phosphite.
• the preferred ratio of aluminum to phosphorus to solvent is 1: 1: 3.7 to 1: 2.2: 100 mol.
• the ratio of aluminum to template is 1: 0 to 1: 17 mol.
• the preferred pH of the reaction solution is 3 to 9.
• Preferred solvent is water.
• the same salt of phosphinic acid as the phosphorous acid is used in the application, so z.
• phosphinic acid aluminum diethylphosphinate together with aluminum phosphite or Zinkdiethylphosphinat together with zinc phosphite.
• Me is Fe, TiOr, Zn or in particular Al,
• o is 2 to 3, preferably 2 or 3
• Preferred compounds of the formula III are those in which Me 'is Fe 3+ or in particular Al 3+ .
• Component E is preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of 0.1 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the
• the invention also relates to the use of the invention
• thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers as well as with these
• component F Thermoplastic and / or thermosetting polymers which contain the flame retardant combinations according to the invention and optionally fillers and reinforcing agents and / or other additives as defined below are referred to below as polymer compositions.
• Flame retardant combinations can be effectively used, it is amorphous thermoplastic polymers or semi-crystalline
• thermoplastic polymers preferably those having a melting point of less than or equal to 290 ° C, more preferably of less than or equal to 280 ° C and most preferably of less than or equal to 250 ° C. Such polymers have already been described in detail in the literature and are known to the person skilled in the art. Melting points of thermoplastic polymers used according to the invention are determined by means of differential scanning caloimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / second.
• DSC differential scanning caloimetry
• thermoplastic polymers used according to the invention include, for example
• HDPE-UHMW high density polyethylene
• MDPE medium density polyethylene
• Low density polyethylene LDPE
• linear low density polyethylene LLDPE
• VLDPE branched low density polyethylene
• PP / HDPE PP / LDP
• blends of various types of polyethylene such as LDPE / HDPE.
• Low density polyethylene LLDPE and blends thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene-butene-1 copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-butene-1 copolymers, etc.
• LDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers LLDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, LLDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, and alternating or random polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers such.
• Polystyrene poly (p-methylstyrene), poly (alpha-methylstyrene). Copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes or
• Acrylic derivatives such as. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile methacrylate; Blends of high impact strength of styrene copolymers and another polymer, such as. A polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer; as well as block copolymers of styrene such.
• Styrene-butadiene-styrene styrene-isoprene-styrene
• styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene.
• Graft copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene such as. Styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and
• Polymers such as. B. known as so-called ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.
• Halogen-containing polymers such as. As polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene-isoprene
• Halobutyl rubber chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, Epichlorhydrinhomo- and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing polyethylene
• Vinyl compounds such as. As polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride,
• Vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate.
• acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers For example, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile alkoxyalkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile-alkyl methacrylate-butadiene terpolymers.
• Polyacetals, such as polyoxymethylene, as well as those polyoxymethylenes, the comonomers, such as. B. contain ethylene oxide; Polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers or polyamides.
• Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12 / 12, polyamide 1 1, polyamide 12; Block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers, or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, such as. B. with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or
• Polytetramethylene glycol Further modified with EPDM or ABS Polyamides or copolyamides; as well as during processing
• IM polyamide systems Polyureas, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles. Polyesters which are derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, and block polyether esters derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers; also with polycarbonates or MBS modified polyester. Polycarbonates and polyestercarbonates. Polysulfones, polyethersulfones and polyetherketones.
• Polybiends of the aforementioned polymers, such as. PP / EPDM, polyamide / EPDM or ABS, PVC / EVA, PVC / ABS, PVC / MBS, PC / ABS, PBTP / ABS, PC / ASA, PC / PBT, PVC / CPE, PVC / Acrylate,
• Thermoplastic elastomers such as block copolymers based on styrene (styrene-butadiene block copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers), block copolymers based on thermoplastic polyester elastomers, Ether-based and / or ester-based block copolymers consisting of alternating blocks of diisocyanates and short-chain diols and of diisocyanates and long-chain diols, polyether block amides, co-polyamides and / or polyether amides.
• TPE Thermoplastic elastomers
• TPEs are elastomer blends, such as thermoplastic olefins containing polypropylene, polyethylene block copolymers; Polypropylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-octene copolymers, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene,
• Polyolefin-ethylene-propylene-dienes, polyolefin-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyolefin-polyarylene ethers are examples of polyolefin-ethylene-propylene-dienes, polyolefin-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyolefin-polyarylene ethers.
• thermoplastic vulcanizates eg. B. ethylene-propylene-diene rubber particles in a matrix of polypropylene.
• thermosetting polymers are preferably unsaturated polyester resins (UP resins) which are more saturated and more stable to copolyesters
• UP resins are cured by free-radical polymerization with initiators (eg peroxides) and accelerators.
• Preferred unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and derivatives for the preparation of the UP resins are maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.
• Preferred saturated dicarboxylic acids are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid,
• Terephthalic acid Terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, adipic acid.
• Preferred diols are 1, 2 propanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and
• Neopentyl glycol neopentyl glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated
• Preferred vinyl compound for crosslinking is styrene.
• Preferred hardener systems are peroxides and metal co-initiators, e.g. B.
• Preferred hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide and dicyclohexyl peroxide dicarbonate , Preferred metal co-initiators are cobalt, manganese, iron, vanadium, nickel or lead compounds.
• Preferred aromatic amines are dimethylaniline, dimethyl-p-toluene, diethylaniline and phenyldiethanolamine.
• thermosetting polymers are epoxy resins which are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic
• Accelerators are networked.
• Suitable glycidyl compounds are bisphenol A diglycidyl esters, bisphenol F diglycidyl esters, polyglycidyl esters of phenol formaldehyde resins and cresol formaldehyde resins, polyglycidyl esters of pthalthalene, isophthalic and
• Suitable hardeners are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and
• heterocyclic amines or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine
• Triethylenetetramine propane-1,3-diamine, hexamethylenediamine, aminoethylpiperazine, isophoronediamine, polyamidoamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenyl ether, diaminodiphenol sulfones, aniline-formaldehyde resins, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6 diamine, m-xylylenediamine, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
• Methylhexahydrophthal Acidanhydrid and phenols such.
• Phenol aralkyl resin Phenol aralkyl resin, phenoltrimethylolmethane resin, tetraphenylolethane resin, naphthol novolak resin, naphthol-phenol kocondensate resin, naphthol cresol kocondensate resin, biphenol-modified phenol resin, and aminotriazine-modified phenol resin.
• the hardeners can be used alone or in combination
• Polymerization are tertiary amines, benzyldimethylamine, N-alkylpyridines, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, metal salts of organic acids, Lewis Acids and amine complex salts.
• thermoset polymers are preferably those which are derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, urea or melamine on the other hand, such as phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins.
• thermosetting polymers are to
• Acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylic acid esters such as. As of epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.
• thermoset polymers are alkyd resins
• thermoset polymers are polyurethanes or polyureas obtained by reacting polyisocyanates or ureas with polyols or polyamines.
• Preferred polyols are alkene oxide adducts of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, bisphenol A, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythrol, sorbitol, sugar or degraded starch. It is also possible to use polyester polyols. These can be obtained by polycondensation of a polyalcohol such as ethylene glycol,
• Dextrose and / or sorbitol with a dibasic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid,
• Suitable polyisocyanates are aromatic, alicyclic or aliphatic
• Polyisocyanates having not less than two isocyanate groups and mixtures thereof Preference is given to aromatic polyisocyanates, such as tolyl diisocyanate,
• alicyclic polyisocyanates such as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate; aliphatic polyisocyanates, and hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, Demeryldiisocyanat, 1, 1-methylenebis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane-4,4'-diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane isomer mixture, 1, 4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, Desmodur ® - types (Bayer) and lysine diisocyanate and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable polyisocyanates are also modified products obtained by reaction of polyisocyanate with polyol, urea, carbodiimide and / or biuret.
• thermoplastic polymers more preferably to Polystyrene-HI, polyphenylene ethers, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates and blends or polymer blends of the ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PC / ABS (polycarbonate / acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PPE / HIPS type
• Polystyrene HI is a polystyrene with increased impact strength.
• thermoplastic polymers used are polyamides, polyesters and PPE / HIPS blends.
• the flame retardant combinations used according to the invention stabilize the polymers (component F) very well against thermal degradation. This is evidenced by the change in the specific viscosity of thermoplastic polymers during compounding and shaping of the polymer compositions according to the invention.
• the thermal stress which results therefrom results in a partial degradation of the polymer chains, which results in a reduction in the average molecular weight and, associated therewith, in a reduction in the viscosity of a polymer solution.
• the proportion of component F is usually from 25 to 95% by weight, preferably from 25 to 75% by weight.
• the proportion of component A is usually 1 to 35% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
• Component B usually 0.01 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 1, 5% by weight.
• the proportion of component C is usually 0.001 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.01 to
• the proportion of component D is usually 1 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 4 to 10 wt .-%.
• the proportion of component E is usually 0 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 8 wt .-%.
• the percentages for the proportions of components A to F relate to the total amount of the polymer composition.
• Polymer compositions achieve a rating of V0 to UL-94, especially measured on moldings of 3.2 mm to 0.4 mm thickness.
• Polymer compositions detect a Glow Wire Flammability Index IEC-60695-2-12 of greater than or equal to 960 ° C, in particular measured on molded parts of 0.75 - 3 mm thickness.
• the particularly preferred polyamides of component F are generally homo- or copolyamides derived from (cyclo) aliphatic
• Aminocarboxylic acids or their polyamide-forming derivatives, such as their salts derived are examples of aminocarboxylic acids or their polyamide-forming derivatives, such as their salts derived.
• polyamides used according to the invention as component F can be prepared by various processes and synthesized from very different building blocks and, in a specific application, alone or in combination with processing aids, stabilizers or even polymers
• Alloy partners preferably elastomers, to materials equipped with specially selected property combinations.
• Monomerbausteine various chain regulators for setting a desired molecular weight or monomers with reactive groups for later intended post-treatments can be used.
• Polyamides to be used as component F are preferably partially crystalline aliphatic polyamides having a melting point of less than or equal to 290 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 280 ° C. These can be based on
• Suitable starting materials are aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, preferably adipic acid, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyladipic acid, azelaic acid and / or sebacic acid, aliphatic diamines, preferably tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1, 9-nonanediamine, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, the isomers
• Caprolactame most preferably ⁇ -caprolactam is used.
• the aliphatic homo- or copolyamides used according to the invention are preferably polyamide 12, polyamide 4, polyamide 4.6, polyamide 6, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.9, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 6.66, polyamide 7.7, polyamide 8.8, polyamide 9.9, Polyamide 10.9, polyamide 10.10,
• Polyamide group in the polymer chain 3 to 1 1 come methylene groups.
• Flame retardant polyamide compositions in which one or more polyamides are selected as component F from the group consisting of PA 6, PA 6.6, PA 4.6, PA 12, PA 6.10 are preferably used.
• Flame-retardant polyamide compositions in which polyamide 6.6 or polymer blends of polyamide 6.6 and polyamide 6 are used as component F are particularly preferred. Very particular preference is given to flame-retardant
• component F consists of at least 75% by weight of polyamide 6,6 and at most 25% by weight of polyamide 6.
• the particularly preferred polyesters of component F are generally (cyclo) aliphatic or aromatic-aliphatic polyesters derived from (cyclo) aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their polyester-forming derivatives, such as their dialkyl esters or anhydrides, and of (cyclo) aliphatic and / or araliphatic diols or of (cyclo) aliphatic and / or aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids or their polyester-forming derivatives, such as their alkyl esters or anhydrides.
• (Cyclo) aliphatic includes cycloaliphatic and aliphatic compounds.
• thermoplastic polyesters of component F are preferably selected from the group of polyalkylene esters of aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or their dialkyl esters.
• Preferably used components F are aromatic-aliphatic
• thermoplastic polyesters and preferably thermoplastic polyesters derived by reacting aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their polyester-forming derivatives with aliphatic C 2 -C 10 -diols, in particular with C 2 -C 4 -diols.
• preferably used components F are
• Polyalkylene enterephthalates and particularly preferably polyethylene terephthalates or polybutylene terephthalates.
• Polyalkylene terephthalates preferably contain at least 80 mol%, in particular 90 mol%, based on the dicarboxylic acid, units derived from terephthalic acid.
• Polyalkylene terephthalates can be up to 20 mol% in addition to terephthalic acid residues Radicals of other aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 14 C atoms or radicals of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 C atoms, such as radicals of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, amber , Adipic, sebacic or azelaic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid or cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
• Radicals of other aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 14 C atoms or radicals of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 C atoms such as radicals of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid
• Polyalkylene terephthalates can be prepared by incorporation of relatively small amounts of trihydric or trihydric alcohols or tribasic or tetrabasic carboxylic acids, as described, for example, in US Pat. As described in DE-A-19 00 270 are branched. Examples of preferred branching agents are trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, trimethylolethane and propane and pentaerythritol.
• Particularly preferred components F are polyalkylene terephthalates which are prepared solely from terephthalic acid and its reactive derivatives (eg
• Dialkyl esters and ethylene glycol and / or propanediol-1, 3 and / or butanediol-1, 4 are prepared (polyethylene and polytrimethylene and polybutylene terephthalate) and mixtures of these polyalkylene terephthalates.
• Preferred polybutylene terephthalates contain at least 80 mol%
• the preferred polybutylene terephthalates may further contain, in addition to 1,4-butanediol radicals, up to 20 mol% of other aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or cycloaliphatic diols having 6 to 21 carbon atoms, e.g. B. residues of
• Polyalkylene terephthalates are also copolyesters which are prepared from at least two of the abovementioned acid components and / or from at least two of the abovementioned alcohol components and / or butanediol-1,4.
• thermoplastic component used as component F according to the invention is thermoplastic component used as component F according to the invention.
• Polyesters may also be used in admixture with other polyesters and / or other polymers.
• the polymer compositions according to the invention may contain as component G further additives.
• Preferred components G for the purposes of the present invention are antioxidants, UV stabilizers,
• Gamma ray stabilizers for antioxidants, antistatic agents, emulsifiers, nucleating agents, plasticizers, processing aids, impact modifiers, dyes, pigments,
• Fillers, reinforcing agents and / or other flame retardants that differ from components A, B, C, D and E.
• Polymer composition is usually up to 60 wt .-%, preferably between 10 and 50 wt .-%, based on the total amount of
• polymer compositions according to the invention which contain fillers and / or in particular reinforcing materials, preferably glass fibers. It can also be mixtures of two or more
• Preferred fillers are mineral particulate fillers based on talc, mica, silicate, quartz, titanium dioxide, wollastonite, kaolin, amorphous Silicas, nanoscale minerals, particularly preferably montmohlorites or nano-boehmites, magnesium carbonate, chalk, feldspar, glass beads and / or barium sulfate. Particular preference is given to mineral particulate fillers based on talc, wollastonite and / or kaolin.
• needle-shaped mineral fillers are also particularly preferably used. Under needle-shaped mineral fillers is understood according to the invention a mineral filler with pronounced needle-like character. Preferred are needle-shaped wollastonites.
• the mineral has a length to diameter ratio of 2: 1 to 35: 1, more preferably from 3: 1 to 19: 1, particularly preferably from 4: 1 to 12: 1.
• the average particle size of the acicular mineral fillers used according to the invention as component B is preferably less than 20 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 15 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 10 ⁇ m, determined using a CILAS granulometer.
• the reinforcing materials preferably used according to the invention may be carbon fibers and / or glass fibers.
• the filler and / or reinforcing material may in a preferred
• Be surface-modified embodiment preferably with a
• Adhesive or a primer system particularly preferably on
• Silane In particular when glass fibers are used, in addition to silanes, polymer dispersions, film formers, branching agents and / or
• Fiber processing aids are used.
• the glass fibers preferably used according to the invention may be short glass fibers and / or long glass fibers. As a short or
• Long glass fibers can be used cut fibers.
• Short glass fibers can also be used in the form of ground glass fibers.
• glass fibers may also be used in the form of continuous filaments, for example in the form of rovings, monofilaments, filament yarns or twines, or glass fibers may be in the form of textile fabrics be used, for example, as a glass fabric, as a glass braid or as a glass mat.
• Polyamide matrix range from 0.05 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 5 mm. After incorporation into the polyamide matrix, the length of the glass fibers has decreased. Typical fiber lengths for short glass fibers after the
• Incorporation into the polyamide matrix ranges from 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably from 0.02 to 1 mm.
• the diameters of the individual fibers can vary within wide ranges. Typical diameters of the individual fibers range from 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
• the glass fibers can have any cross-sectional shapes, for example round, elliptical, n-cornered or irregular cross-sections. Glass fibers with mono- or multilobal cross-sections can be used.
• Glass fibers can be used as continuous fibers or as cut or ground glass fibers.
• the glass fibers themselves can be selected, for example, from the group of E-glass fibers, A-glass fibers, C-glass fibers, D-glass fibers, M-glass fibers, S-glass fibers,
• the glass fibers are preferably provided with a size which preferably contains polyurethane as film former and aminosilane as adhesion promoter.
• Particularly preferably used E glass fibers have the following chemical
• R glass fibers have the following chemical composition: S1O2 50-65%; AI2O3 20-30%; CaO 6-16%; MgO 5-20%; Na 2 O 0.3-0.5%; K2O 0.05-0.2%; Fe 2 O 3 0.2-0.4%, T1O2 0.1-0.3%.
• ECR glass fibers have the following chemical composition: S1O2 57.5-58.5%; AI2O3 17.5-19.0%; CaO 11, 5-13.0%; MgO 9.5-1 1, 5.
• the proportion of fillers and / or reinforcing materials in the polymer composition according to the invention is usually 1 to 45 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 40 wt .-%.
• the further additives G are known per se as additives to polymer compositions and can be used alone or mixed or in the form of masterbatches.
• flame-retarded polymer composition are processed. It is thus possible to mix the components into the polymer melt already at the beginning or at the end of the polycondensation or in a subsequent compounding process. Furthermore, there are processing processes in which individual components are added later. This is especially practiced when using pigment or additive masterbatches. There is also the
• Drying process possibly warm up warm polymer granules.
• two or more of the components of the polymer compositions of the present invention may be combined by mixing prior to incorporation into the polymer matrix.
• conventional mixing units can be used, in which the components in a suitable mixer, for. B. 0.01 to 10 hours at 0 to 300 ° C mixed.
• From two or more of the components of the polymer compositions according to the invention it is also possible to prepare granules which can subsequently be introduced into the polymer matrix.
• Polymer composition with granulation and / or binder in a suitable mixer or a granulating are processed into granules.
• the initially formed crude product can be dried in a suitable dryer or tempered for further grain buildup.
• the polymer composition according to the invention or two or more components thereof may be prepared by roll compaction in one embodiment.
• the polymer composition according to the invention or two or more components thereof may in one embodiment be prepared by mixing, extruding, chopping (or breaking) the ingredients.
• the polymer composition according to the invention or two or more components thereof can be prepared in one embodiment by spray granulation.
• the flame-retardant polymer molding composition according to the invention is preferably in granular form, for. B. as an extrudate or as a compound before.
• the granules preferably have a cylindrical shape with a circular, elliptical or irregular base, spherical shape, pillow shape, cube shape, cuboid shape, prism shape.
• Typical length to diameter ratio of the granules are 1 to 50 to 50 to 1, preferably 1 to 5 to 5 to 1.
• the granules preferably have a diameter of 0.5 to 15 mm, more preferably of 2 to 3 mm and preferably a length of 0.5 to 15 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 5 mm.
• Flammschutzmittelkombination invention comprising the above-defined components A, B, C, D and optionally E and optionally with other flame retardants, synergists, stabilizers, additives and fillers or
• thermosetting resin with a flame retardant combination containing the above-defined components A, B, C, D and optionally E and optionally with other flame retardants, synergists, stabilizers, additives and Filling or
• Temperatures for example at temperatures of 80 to 150 ° C, wet presses (hot or hot pressing).
• the invention also relates to moldings produced from the above-described flame-retardant polymer composition comprising
• the molded parts according to the invention may be any desired formations. Examples of these are fibers, films or moldings obtainable from the novel flame-retardant polymer molding compositions by any desired molding processes, in particular by injection molding or extrusion.
• the preparation of the flame-retardant polymer moldings according to the invention can be carried out by any molding process. Examples include injection molding, pressing, foam injection, gas injection molding, blow molding,
• the molded parts are preferably injection-molded parts or extruded parts.
• the flame-retardant polymer compositions according to the invention are suitable for the production of fibers, films and moldings, in particular for applications in the electrical and electronics sector.
• the invention preferably relates to the use of the flame-retardant polymer compositions according to the invention in or for connectors, current-carrying parts in power distributors (Fl protection), circuit boards, potting compounds, power connectors, circuit breakers, lamp housings, LED housings,
• Capacitor housings bobbins and fans, protective contacts, plugs, in / on boards, housings for plugs, cables, flexible printed circuit boards, charging cables for mobile phones, engine covers or textile coatings.
• the invention likewise preferably relates to the use of the flame-retardant polymer compositions according to the invention for the production of moldings in the form of components for the electrical / electronics sector, in particular for parts of printed circuit boards, housings, foils, lines, switches, distributors, relays, resistors, capacitors, coils, lamps , Diodes, LED, transistors, connectors, regulators, memories and sensors, in the form of large area Components, in particular of housing parts for cabinets and in the form of elaborately designed components with sophisticated geometry.
• the wall thickness of the shaped bodies according to the invention can typically be up to 10 mm. Particularly suitable are moldings with less than 1.5 mm wall thickness, more preferably less than 1 mm wall thickness and particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm wall thickness.
• Flame retardant FM 5 (components A, B and C): Aluminum salt of diethylphosphinic acid containing 0.5 mol% of aluminum ethylbutylphospinate and 0.05 mol% of aluminum ethylphosphonate prepared by the process according to US Pat. No. 7,420,007 B2 flame retardant FM 6 (components A, B and C):
• Polyamide 6.6 PA 6.6-GV; melting range of 255-260 ° C): Ultramid ® A27 (BASF) Polyamide 6 (melting range of 217-222 ° C): Durethan ® B29 (Lanxess)
• Polyamide 6T / 6.6 (melting range 310-320 ° C): Vestamid ® HAT plus 1000 (Evonik)
• PBT Polybutylene terephthalate
• BASF Ultradur ® 4500
• the flame retardant components were mixed in the proportions shown in the tables and fed through the side feeder of a twin-screw extruder (Leistritz ZSE 27 / 44D type) at temperatures of 260 to 310 ° C PA 6.6 or at 250 to 275 ° C in PA 6 or at 310 to 330 ° C PA 6T / 6.6 incorporated.
• the glass fibers were over a second side feed
• Injection molding machine type Arburg 320 C Allrounder
• mass temperatures 250 to 320 ° C to test specimens processed and based on the UL 94 test
• the Comparative Tracking Index of the molded parts was determined according to the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC-601 12/3.
• the Glow Wire Flammability Index (GWFI Index) has been determined in accordance with standard IEC-60695-2-12.
• Polymer compositions are measured with an X-ray powder diffractometer (XTert-MPD, Phillips). The sample was irradiated with Cu-K-alpha radiation and the step time was 1 second.
• XTert-MPD X-ray powder diffractometer
• Injection molding machine was carried out at melt temperatures of 260 to 280 ° C.
• the sample exhibited reflections in the range of 9.099 ° to 9.442 °, from 18.619 ° to 18.984 ° and from 26.268 ° to 26.679 °
• the polyamide compositions of Examples 1 to 5 according to the invention are molding compositions which reach the fire classification UL 94 V-0 at 0.4 mm and at the same time have CTI 500 volts and GWFI 960 ° C.
• the addition of component E in Example 5 leads to a further improvement of the flame retardancy expressed by a reduced afterburning time.
• the specimen showed reflections in the range of 9.099 to 9.442 °, from 10.802 to 11.004 °, from 1.775 to 11.990, from 18.619 to 18.984 ° and from 26.268 to 26.679 °
• the polyamide compositions according to the invention of Examples 6 to 10 are molding compositions which reach the fire class UL 94 V-0 at 0.4 mm, while having CTI 500 volts and GWFI 960 ° C.
• the addition of component E in Example 10 leads to a further improvement of the flame retardancy expressed by a reduced afterburning time.
• polyester compositions according to the invention of Examples 1 1 to 15 are molding compositions which reach the fire class UL 94 V-0 at 0.4 mm and at the same time have CTI 500 volts and GWFI 960 ° C.
• component E in Example 15 leads to a further improvement of the flame retardancy expressed by a reduced afterburning time.
• Example C12 In Comparative Example C12, by increasing the concentration of components A, B and C in comparison to Example V1 1, a shortening of the afterburning time did indeed occur. However, this polyester composition still exhibited an extended afterburn time compared to Example 12.

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