EP3658726B1 - Locking device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a locking device according to the preamble of claim 1. Such locking devices are known in many ways from the prior art and are often used as electronically controlled motor locks, which are used to lock high-security doors such as vault doors, strongroom doors or doors of safe boxes Find.

Locking devices of this type are provided with a bolt that can be retracted and extended as a lock. In such locks, electric motors combined with spur gears, worm gears and / or spindle gears are usually used to move the bolt acting as a blockage, for example in a corresponding boltwork. Different ways are followed to absorb high bolt forces, somewhat greater than 1000N.

On the one hand, as for example in the DE 10 2011 055 420 B4 or in the DE 195 26 660 B4 discloses locking devices proposed in which, in a closed position in which the bolt protrudes from a bolt opening on the front side of the housing, the frictional connection via the bolt coming via direct-acting locks is passed to the housing over a short distance. With such locking devices, the drive mechanism of the bolt remains relieved of load when a force is applied from the outside. However, locking devices of this type are very complex and expensive due to the locking actuations which work in addition to and offset in time from the actual bolt movement. In addition, the often complicated mechanisms of such locking devices have inadequate operational reliability, and the individual components in series production also require very high quality.

In other solutions, in which a real redundancy is often made possible by an endlessly acting differential element, as is the case, for example, in the EP 0 582 742 A1 is disclosed, the drive mechanism coupled to the bolt is kept very solid and equipped with a self-locking effect that starts as early as possible as a result of self-locking. However, all parts, in particular the differential element of the entire drive train of the bolt from the bolt up to reaching the self-locking gear stage, must pass the high from the outside can endure acting forces. In particular in the case of locks with a redundant structure, there is a problem with installation space, since these locks with large, duplicated components should also achieve the compact, usually standardized dimensions of simple locks. Furthermore, with such solutions there is often the problem of enabling a sufficient travel path of the bolt from the closed position to the open position or from the open position to the closed position, which in many locks is 15 mm.

From the DE 195 26 660 B4 and the DE 90 11 080 U1 Differential links known as levers are known. In the case of the locking devices there, however, it has been shown that such a lever driven by threaded spindles, which acts as a differential, is rotatably mounted directly or indirectly on the bolt and either does not achieve the necessary path lengths for the bolt without further measures or does not allow sufficient force absorption. For example, the one in the DE 195 26 660 B4 The locking device described in the event of failure of a drive motor is only able to open the lock with the remaining motor, but not also to close it completely. Such behavior does not correspond to the security requirements that are placed on real, redundant locking devices.

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art and to enable a locking device in a compact and simple design in which as few parts as possible are required and which meets the necessary safety requirements. It should be possible to implement such a further development both for redundant locking devices and for simple motor-operated locking devices.

This object is achieved by a locking device with all the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The locking device according to the invention has a housing and a cover that closes this housing. A bolt is arranged in the housing, which can be moved back and forth in the housing by means of at least one motor and at least one gear mechanism between an open position and a closed position in which the bolt protrudes from a bolt opening on the front of the housing. The bolt has a lower bolt and an upper bolt which each interact with a bridge plate in such a way that the bridge plates are rotatable in their center relative to the bolts are held, the bridge plates are provided at their ends with openings in which pins engage, at least two of these pins are arranged on a spindle nut which is rotatably mounted between the front and the rear of the housing spindle by means of the at least one motor and the at least one transmission device can be moved. The invention is now characterized in that the spindle nut has pegs adjoining the two pegs which interact with the openings in the bridge plates and which are guided in grooves in the housing or in the cover.

The invention makes it possible to implement a finite differential element designed as a double bridge by the two bridge plates and to eliminate the previous difficulties, particularly in the case of redundant locks with two drives. Here, the locking device according to the invention can be implemented with a minimum of parts, with the use of a single drive train with a motor, a gear unit and a spindle and a spindle nut running on it, the implementation of a simple motor lock, while using two such drive trains a redundant locking device is realized. In both cases, the locking device according to the invention enables it to be built very compactly and to meet the corresponding safety requirements for such locking devices. By using the two bridge plates, a very compact, stable design of the locking device can be achieved, with the drive train used, with the aid of the spindle nut, the spindle, the gear mechanism and the motor, achieving self-locking that sets in early and offers a corresponding self-locking effect.

The invention thus makes it possible, when using two drive trains, to provide a highly secure locking device which operates redundantly. On the other hand, by simply removing a drive train and adding a locking component to this drive train, it is possible to implement a simple motor-operated locking device that works in principle according to the redundant locking devices and takes into account the current standards and safety requirements.

Furthermore, it is made possible that the pins interacting with the bridge plates lie tightly against their openings, while the pins adjoining them rest against the Support the housing or the cover of the locking devices in corresponding grooves. This also ensures a corresponding absorption of force, so that increased safety aspects and the general operational safety of the locking device according to the invention are also taken into account as a result.

In a first embodiment of the invention, it has proven to be advantageous that the lower bolt and the upper bolt are designed as ends of a bolt which is rotatably guided through a through opening always located on the housing end of the bolt and joined to the bridge plates in a rotationally fixed manner . This ensures that the bolt forms a unit with the bridge plates and thus a double bridge that is rotatably held on the bolt. With the aid of the at least one drive, the bolt can now be moved from a closed position into an open position and also back. In principle, it has been proven that for increased force absorption the joint between the bolt and the bridge plates is conceivable in addition to a simple oversize connection, for example by means of a welded connection, rivet connection or stamped connection through massive metal forming.

It has also proven useful that the spindle nut has an upper end face and a lower end face to which the pegs interacting with the openings of the bridge plate adjoin, the height of these pegs preferably corresponding to the thickness of the bridge plates. This embodiment of the invention is also aimed again in the direction of increased force absorption of the locking devices according to the invention. Since the bridge plates rest against the corresponding end faces as well as against the cover or the housing, an increased force absorption is possible, which results in increased operational reliability of the locking device according to the invention.

According to a further concept of the invention, a motor board is provided for the at least one motor, which is preferably insertable into corresponding grooves in the housing and the cover on the front side of the housing. This embodiment of the invention is also aimed at increasing the force absorption of the locking device according to the invention. By receiving the motor circuit board in corresponding grooves on the housing or on the cover, such an increased force absorption of the locking device according to the invention is made possible.

Furthermore, it is therefore also provided to arrange frame boards on the rear side of the housing, which are preferably also inserted into corresponding grooves in the housing and the cover, so that this also results in increased operational reliability and increased force absorption of the locking device according to the invention.

According to a further idea of the invention, it has been proven that the at least one gear mechanism consists of a first gear wheel seated on the drive shaft of the motor, a second gear wheel seated on the axis of rotation of the spindle and an intermediate gear wheel meshing with this. This makes it possible to equip the transmission device with as few components as possible, with increased self-locking still being able to be achieved, which takes into account the operational reliability and increased force absorption of the locking device according to the invention. Alternatively, it can of course also be provided that a gear wheel sitting on the drive axis meshes directly with a gear wheel sitting on the axis of rotation of the spindle and this is driven directly. Here, too, the increased operational reliability and the increased force absorption of the locking device according to the invention are guaranteed.

According to a further concept of the invention, it has also proven to be advantageous that detectors are provided for detecting the position of the bridge boards, which preferably each consist of a magnet arranged on one of the bridge boards and a corresponding Hall sensor, the Hall sensor preferably being in the Housing or is arranged on the cover of the housing. This refinement of the invention makes it possible in a simple manner, with a corresponding refinement of the Hall sensors, to determine the exact position of the bridge plates without having to open the locking device according to the invention. The corresponding detector unit can of course also be equipped in such a way that at least corresponding end positions of the bridge plates can be recognized by the corresponding detectors.

In order to implement a redundant locking device according to the invention, it has proven useful that two motors, two gear units and two spindles provided with a spindle nut are provided within the locking device. This makes it possible that both bridge plates with their two ends inside the housing of the locking device are movable. In particular, this ensures that the locking device can be closed and opened in the event of a motor failure. It is also possible here that each motor, in interaction with the corresponding transmission device and the corresponding spindle and spindle nut, is suitable for moving the bolt of the locking device from its closed position to an open position and vice versa.

Alternatively, it is also provided that precisely one motor is used which drives precisely one spindle and thus precisely one spindle nut via precisely one gear mechanism. As a result, a simple, non-redundant, motor-operated locking device according to the invention is implemented in a simple manner, in which the operational reliability is also implemented with high force absorption in a compact design.

Further goals, advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Figuren 1 bis 5:

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schließvorrichtung in verschiedenen Darstellungen,

Figur 6:

eine Spindelmutter der Schließvorrichtung der Figuren 1 bis 5,

Figuren 7 bis 10:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Schließvorrichtung der Figuren 1 bis 5 in weiteren verschiedenen Darstellungen,

Figuren 11 bis 13:

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schließvorrichtung in verschiedenen Darstellungen,

Figur 14:

ein Festlagerbolzen der Schließvorrichtung der Figuren 1 bis 13 und

Figur 15:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Schließvorrichtung der Figuren 11 bis 13 in einer weiteren Darstellung.

Show it:

Figures 1 to 5:

a first embodiment of a locking device according to the invention in various representations,

Figure 6:

a spindle nut of the locking device of Figures 1 to 5 ,

Figures 7 to 10:

the embodiment of the locking device according to the invention of Figures 1 to 5 in further different representations,

Figures 11 to 13:

a second embodiment of a locking device according to the invention in different representations,

Figure 14:

a fixed bearing pin of the locking device of the Figures 1 to 13 and

Figure 15:

the embodiment of the locking device according to the invention of Figures 11 to 13 in another representation.

In the Figures 1 to 5 a first embodiment of a locking device according to the invention is shown. This locking device is designed as an electromechanical, redundant safe lock with a double motor drive. the Figures 1 to 5 represent the locking device in different, normal operating states.

The locking device of the Figures 1 to 5 a bolt 2 which can be displaced between a closed position and an open position is arranged in a housing 1 which can be closed with a cover 16. At its inner end, the bolt 2 has a through-hole into which a solid steel bolt 10 is rotatably mounted, the ends of which are referred to in the present case as lower bolt 10a and upper bolt 10b.

An upper bridge plate 9a and a lower bridge plate 9b are respectively fastened to the two ends of this steel bolt 10 or the lower bolt 10a and the upper bolt 10b. For increased force absorption, in addition to a simple oversize connection, welded connections, riveted connections or embossed connections by massive metal forming are also conceivable at this connection point. At the ends of the upper bridge plate 9a and the lower bridge plate 9b, openings are attached which, in this exemplary embodiment, are designed as massive fork-shaped recesses. Spindle nuts 6a and 6b with upper pins 17a and lower pins 17b each engage in these recesses. The spindle nuts 6a and 6b are guided by spindles 5a and 5b engaged with them. In addition, the spindle nuts 6a and 6b are secured against rotation by grooves made in the cover 16 and in the housing 1 with pins 19 adjoining pins 17a and 17b. The grooves also ensure that in the event of excessive force being applied to the bolt (e.g. 1000N) and a possibly inclined position of the bridge plates 9a and 9b, the spindle nuts can be supported via the pins 19 on the housing and cover if the spindle axis of rotation is slightly bent.

The spindles 5a and 5b are in turn rotatably mounted in rear frame plates 7a and 7b and in front motor plates 3a and 3b. The frame boards 7a and 7b and the motor boards 3a and 3b are inserted into grooves in the housing 1 and the cover 16. In order to ensure a sufficient travel of the spindle nuts 6a, 6b for a real redundancy of the lock, the respective spindle nut must be movable at least 45 mm with this principle presented here with an infinite differential and reaching a bolt thrust distance of 15 mm. To do this, get - as in Figure 6 shown - the spindle nuts flattened, the frame plates and the motor plates facing surfaces 18a and 18b. This makes the spindle nuts flat, but they can still absorb high forces. In addition, the frame plates 7a and 7b and the motor plates 3a and 3b are designed in such a way that the wide fork surfaces of the bridge plates 9a and 9b required to absorb the force can be located partially overlapping above or below them.

The motors 4a and 4b are attached to the motor boards 3a and 3b. In addition, the motor boards 3a and 3b each hold an intermediate axis in a fixed manner via a bore. The torque, which is supplied by the corresponding motors 4a and 4b, is finally transmitted, without reducing the speed, from a gear 13a, 13b seated on the drive axle of the respective motor 4a or 4b via an intermediate gear 12a, 12b mounted on the intermediate axle to a die Spindles 5a and 5b driving gear 11a, 11b guided. When the bolt 2 is fully retracted, the gears 13a, 13b of this spur gear can dip into the back of the bolt block. This enables the spindles 5a and 5b to travel a long distance of 45 mm, because the spur gear can now be placed extremely far forward in the housing 1. When the bolt 2 is extended, the bolt mouth remains closed and the bolt 2 can nevertheless absorb very high transverse forces.

the Figure 1 shows the locking device designed as an electromechanical safe lock in the fully open position. There are both Spindle nuts 6a, 6b at a distance from the rear frame plates 7a, 7b of more than 15 mm and the bolt 2 is completely retracted. In order to close the lock and always generate the same bolt thrust or bolt tensile force in normal and redundant cases, only one of the two motors 4a, 4b is initially activated. In the case of the motor 4a, this ensures that the spindle nut 6a is moved 15 mm in the direction of the motor board 3a. As a result, the bolt 2 moves, as now in Figure 2 shown, by 7.5 mm out of the housing 1. In this situation, an angle other than 90 ° forms between the bridge plates 9a, 9b to the bolt thrust axis. In order to complete the closing process, the other motor 4b is now activated and the spindle nut 6b assigned to it also moves 15 mm towards the motor board 3b. As a result, the bolt 2 moves 7.5 mm out of the housing and reaches overall as in Figure 3 shown its maximum extension of 15 mm.

In the sectional view of the Figure 4 the arrangement of the bridge plates 9a and 9b is to be shown in the z-direction. For high force absorption, a double bridge is formed by the upper bridge plate 9a and the lower bridge plate 9b. The motors 4a and 4b are in the free space between the bridge plates 9a and 9b. They are therefore surrounded by the respective sub-section of the upper bridge plate 9a, the bolt 2, the respective sub-section of the lower bridge plate 9b and the respective spindle nut 6a or 6b. The spindles 5a and 5b as well as the spindle nuts 6a and 6b are located very far outside in the housing 1. This means, viewed from the inside to the outside, next to the bolt 2, first the motors 4a and 4b and then the spindles 5a and 5b with their spindle nuts 6a are arranged and 6b. This has the advantage that when the bridge plates 9a, 9b are deflected, the position of the spindle nuts 6a and 6b deviates only slightly from the 90 ° angle with respect to the bolt thrust axis. As a result, a high force absorption is always possible and a force acting outwards via the spindle nuts 6a and 6b, which would load the spindles 5a and 5b and the grooves in the housing 1 and in the cover 16, therefore only has a very weak effect on the spindles 5a and 5b .

In Figure 5 the lock with cover 16 is shown in section. It can be seen here as a feature that the openings or fork surfaces of the bridge plates 9a, 9b are enclosed between the cover 16 or between the housing 1 and end circular surfaces 20a and 20b of the spindle nuts 6a and 6b. With very high forces acting on the bolt 2, the bridge plates 9a, 9b cannot bend and disengage from the pins 17a and 17b of the spindle nuts 6a and 6b.

the Figures 7 to 10 represent the locking device designed as a redundant electromechanical safe lock Figures 1 to 5 in different emergency situations, for example if one of the two motors 4a or 4b is defective in the fully open and in the fully closed state.

When setting the electromechanical safe lock in Figure 7 a first extreme case is shown when a drive train fails. Here the motor 4b has failed in the open position. In this situation, however, the drive train with the motor 4a alone manages to completely close and open the lock. In the closed state, the spindle nut 6a reaches the motor board 3a. It can be seen how the bridge plates 9a and 9b are partially above or below the motor plate 3a. It goes without saying that the in Figure 7 the case shown would work for the other side as well. If the motor 4a had failed, then the further drive train with the motor 4b would have the ability to completely open and close the lock.

Should a drive train defect occur during the procedure, as in the Figures 9 and 10 shown, the other line can of course open or close the lock completely. Here, the still operational motor 4a is always switched off after the end position of the bolt 2 has been reached. The still active strand with the corresponding spindle nut 6a no longer reaches the motor board 3a in the closed position as in FIG Figure 10 shown and in the open position, the spindle nut 6a must be above the typical basic position drive out like this in Figure 9 is shown.

The other extreme case is in Fig. 8 shown. Here motor 4a has failed in the closed position of the bolt 2. In this case, however, the remaining line with the motor 4b can completely open or close the lock. If the lock is opened in this situation, the spindle nut 6b reaches the frame plate 7b. It can be seen that the bridge plates 9a, 9b pass over the frame plate 7b above and below. Due to the symmetrical structure of the redundant lock, it is irrelevant which line fails, the other line is always still able to fully open and close the lock. The cases not shown here can then only be seen mirror-symmetrically with respect to what is shown.

Figures 11 to 13 and 15 show a second embodiment of a locking device according to the invention, which is designed as an electromechanical safe lock with a motor drive or a motor 4, in different operating states. The two bridge plates 9a and 9b designed as a differential are fixed on one side by means of a fixed bearing pin 21.

In the Fig. 14 is shown separately as a locking component of the fixed bearing pin 21 in detail.

The locking device of the Figures 11 to 15 and 13 is not redundant in this case and only the motor 4, a spindle 5, a spindle nut 6, a motor board 3 and only one transmission device with gears 11, 12 and 13 are provided. In order to fix the bridge plates 9a and 9b on one side, a fixed bearing bolt 21 is inserted into the housing 1 and into the cover 16 in place of the second spindle nut that is no longer present. In the cut of the Figure 15 it can be seen that this is inserted between the housing 1 and the cover 16 in bores. The fixed bearing pin 21 is longer than the spindle nut 6, wherein the length of the fixed bearing pin 21 corresponds approximately to the entire lock height, and therefore reaches housing bores beyond housing grooves in which it is stuck. Since the same housing 1 and the same cover 16 are to be used both for redundant locks and for simple locks, these holes in the redundant lock are either closed with simple plugs or they are created by tool inserts only for the simple lock in these components.

The in Figure 14 The fixed bearing bolt 21 shown also has corresponding to the spindle nut 6, which the spindle nuts 6a and 6b of the redundant locking device of the Figure 6 corresponds to end faces 20a, 20b in order to prevent the bridge plates 9a and 9b from being pushed away in the event of increased locking forces. That is, the ends of the bridge plates 9a, 9b are also enclosed in this simple lock by the housing 1, the cover 16, the spindle nut 6 and the fixed bearing bolt 21, respectively.

In Figure 11 the simple lock is now shown in the open position. It can be seen how the bridge plates 9a, 9b are rotatably connected to one side of the lock via the fixed bearing pin 21. The spindle nut 6 with the entire drive train including the motor 4 is located on the other side of the lock. In the open state, it has moved far back in the direction of the frame plate 7b.

the Figure 12 shows the simple electromechanical lock in a further operating state in which the lock is already half open or half closed. In this situation, the spindle nut 6 is at the same height as the fixed bearing bolt 21 in relation to the lock housing 1.

In Figure 13 the locked state of the simple electromechanical lock is also shown. The spindle nut 6 is moved far forward in the direction of the motor board 3 and the bolt 2 is fully extended with respect to the housing 1.

It goes without saying that corresponding limit switches or detectors are used both for the simple and for the redundantly operating lock to detect the bolt and / or bridge plate positions. In the simplest case, this can be done using magnets 14a, 14b and Hall sensors. The gear motors 4a, 4b are switched on and / or off in the desired end positions by the switches or detectors via the lock electronics; failures of a drive train are also detected and the lock is opened or closed with the remaining train with an error message. By multiple arrangements of such limit switches with different distances and a selection switch attached to a connector board 8a or 8b, different limit positions of the bolt 2 can be activated and deactivated. With this measure it is possible to set different bolt extension paths of the lock depending on the place of use.

List of reference symbols

1

casing

2

bars

3

Motor board

3a

Motor board

3b

Motor board

4th

engine

4a

engine

4b

engine

5

spindle

5a

spindle

5b

spindle

6th

Spindle nut

6a

Spindle nut

6b

Spindle nut

7th

Rack board

7a

Rack board

7b

Rack board

8th

Connector board

8a

Connector board

8b

Connector board

9a

upper bridge board

9b

lower bridge board

10

Steel bolts

11

gear

11a

gear

11b

gear

12th

Intermediate gear

12a

Intermediate gear

12b

Intermediate gear

13th

gear

13a

gear

13b

gear

14th

magnet

14a

magnet

14b

magnet

15th

Circuit board

15a

Circuit board

15b

Circuit board

16

lid

17a

Cones

17b

Cones

18a

front face

18b

rear curses

19th

Cones

20a

Face

20b

lower face

21

Fixed bearing pin

22a

Cones

22b

Cones

Claims (9)

1. Locking device, with

   a housing (1) and

   a cover (16) closing the housing,

   wherein a latch (2) is arranged in the housing (1), which latch can be moved to and fro in the housing (1) by means of at least one motor (4, 4a, 4b) and at least one gear mechanism between an open position and a closed position, in which the latch (2) projects out of the housing (1) from a latch opening on the front side of said housing,

   wherein the latch (2) has a lower bolt (10a) and an upper bolt (10b) which interact with a respective bridge plate (9a, 9b) in such a manner that the bridge plates (9a, 9b) are held in their centre rotatably in relation to the latch (2),

   wherein the ends of the bridge plates (9a, 9b) are provided with openings in which pins (17a, 17b, 22a, 22b) engage,

   wherein at least two of said pins (17a, 17b) are arranged on a spindle nut (6, 6a, 6b) which is movable by means of the at least one motor (4, 4a, 4b) and the at least one gear mechanism on a spindle (5, 5a, 5b) which is mounted rotatably between the front side and the rear side of the housing (1), characterized in that the spindle nuts (6, 6a, 6b) have pins (19) which adjoin the two pins (17a, 17b) interacting with the openings of the bridge plates (9a, 9b) and which are guided in grooves of the housing (1) or of the cover (16).
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower bolt (10a) and the upper bolt (10b) are designed as ends of a bolt (10) that is guided rotatably through a passage opening arranged at that end of the latch (2) which is always located in the housing (1), and is joined to the bridge plates (9a, 9b) for rotation therewith.
3. Device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle nut (6, 6a, 6b) has an upper end surface (20a) and a lower end surface (20b) which are adjoined by the pins (17a, 17b) interacting with the openings of the bridge plates (9a, 9b), wherein preferably the height of said pins (17a, 17b) corresponds to the thickness of the bridge plates (9a, 9b).
4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor plate (3, 3a, 3b) is provided for the at least one motor (4, 4a, 4b), said motor plate being inserted, preferably on the front side of the housing (1), into corresponding grooves of the housing (1) and of the cover (16).
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that frame plates (7a, 7b) are provided on the rear side of the housing, said frame plates preferably being inserted into corresponding grooves of the housing (1) and of the cover (16).
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one gear mechanism consists of a first gearwheel (13, 13a, 13b) sitting on the drive axis of the motor (4, 4a, 4b), a second gearwheel (11, 11a, 11b) sitting on the axis of rotation of the spindle (5, 5a, 5b) and an intermediate gearwheel (12, 12a, 12b) meshing with said gearwheels.
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that detectors for detecting the position of the bridge plates (9a, 9b) are provided, the detectors preferably each consisting of a magnet (14, 14a, 14b) arranged on one of the bridge plates (9a, 9b) and a Hall sensor corresponding to said magnet.
8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two motors (4a, 4b), two gear units and two spindles (5a, 5b) provided with a spindle nut (6a, 6b) are provided.
9. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that precisely one motor (4) is provided which drives precisely one spindle (5) and thus precisely one spindle nut (6) via precisely one gear mechanism.

Images