EP3655592B1 - Böschungssicherung mit blöcken und verstärkung - Google Patents

Böschungssicherung mit blöcken und verstärkung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3655592B1
EP3655592B1 EP18742768.7A EP18742768A EP3655592B1 EP 3655592 B1 EP3655592 B1 EP 3655592B1 EP 18742768 A EP18742768 A EP 18742768A EP 3655592 B1 EP3655592 B1 EP 3655592B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
structure according
wall
level
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Application number
EP18742768.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3655592A1 (de
Inventor
Julien Lorentz
Jean-Philippe Jarrin
Lucas Meignan
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Geolithe Innov
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Geolithe Innov
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Publication of EP3655592A1 publication Critical patent/EP3655592A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure, in particular a structure for supporting or protecting against falling rocks.
  • Structures are frequently used to stabilize land and protect people and property against possible damage caused by land movements or falling materials.
  • some are fixed to a slope such as a retaining wall or a net making it possible to stop falling masses such as rocks detached from a wall and offering good dissipation of kinetic energy.
  • These structures are fixed either by guy ropes or by bolts fixed in the slope.
  • Other structures are made up of a stack of blocks, materials or gabions and, by virtue of their mass, make it possible to hold back the ground or to stop the course of falling blocks.
  • the document EP 0 707 117 A describes a retaining wall of modular construction.
  • An aim of the invention is therefore to provide a structure which requires a small footprint, while being simple and quick to set up or to dismantle and while allowing good dissipation of the kinetic energy.
  • a structure in particular for supporting or protecting against falling materials, the structure comprising a metal frame and a plurality of blocks distributed in several levels superimposed in a vertical direction, each block having an upper face. and a lower face, each block having at least one upper cavity formed in the upper face and at least one lower cavity formed in the lower face, each upper cavity being connected to a lower cavity of the same block by a duct formed in the block, and the metal frame comprising a set of locking elements and a set of connecting elements, each locking element being accommodated jointly in the upper cavity of a block and in a corresponding lower cavity of a block of the level immediately above the block considered to prevent a relative horizontal translation of these two blocks, two blocking elements accommodated in upper and lower cavities of the same block, being fixed simultaneously to the same connecting element accommodated in the duct and exerting on the two locking elements considered a force tending to bring the locking elements closer to one another.
  • the blocks are effectively joined together to form a structure having great resistance, and requiring little footprint.
  • the structure 10 is, for example, a support structure.
  • the structure 10 rests against a wall or a slope of land or a cliff that the structure 10 is suitable for supporting.
  • the structure 10 is a protective structure against falling materials.
  • the structure 10 is installed at the foot of a slope and is configured to stop material falling, slipping, or tumbling down the slope, such as boulders.
  • the structure 10 is a support structure and protection against falling materials.
  • the structure 10 comprises a plurality of blocks 15 and a metal frame 20.
  • a first direction X, a second direction Y and a vertical direction Z are defined for the structure 10.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y and to the vertical direction Z.
  • the second direction Y is, moreover, perpendicular. to the vertical direction Z.
  • the first direction X and the second direction Y define a horizontal plane.
  • the blocks 15 are distributed into several superimposed levels in the vertical direction Z.
  • the plurality of levels comprises a first level N1 and at least a second level N2.
  • two levels N1, N2 are shown.
  • the work 10 is likely to have a number of levels greater than two, as required.
  • the first level N1 is the lowest level.
  • the first level N1 is the lowest level of the structure 10 and rests on the ground 17.
  • the second level N2 is immediately higher than the first level N1. It is understood by “immediately higher” that at least one element of the second level N2 is supported by at least one element of the first level N1.
  • the first level N1 is then called “lower level” than the second level N2.
  • the work 10 can be formed by blocks 15 positioned staggered. It is understood by “staggered” that a shift, measured in the second direction Y, between the blocks of two successive levels N1, N2 is strictly greater than zero. For example, the offset is equal to half of the first length L1. Thus, each block 15 belonging to a level N2 different from the first level N1 is supported by two blocks 15 of the immediately lower level N1.
  • each level N1, N2 are aligned with each other in the second direction Y.
  • the structure 10 is a wall having a single thickness of blocks in the third direction X.
  • the structure 10 is a wall having two thicknesses of blocks in the first direction X, or more.
  • the structure 10 can also be considered as the meeting of juxtaposed walls in the first direction X.
  • FIG. 15 An example of block 15 is shown in detail on the figure 2 .
  • Each block 15 is substantially parallelepipedal.
  • each block 15 has side faces 25, a lower face 30 and an upper face 35.
  • At least one duct 37 is provided in each block 15. On the figure 1 , two conduits 37 are formed in each block 15.
  • an anchor hole 38 visible on the figure 2 , is provided in each block 15.
  • Each block 15 has a first length L1, measured in the second direction Y, between 0.3 meter (m) and 4 m.
  • Each block 15 has a first width I1, measured in the first direction X, between 10 centimeters (cm) and 2.5 m.
  • Each block 15 has a first height H1, measured in the vertical direction Z, between 0.2 m and 2.5 m.
  • Each block 15 is made of concrete.
  • concrete is lightweight concrete, that is to say concrete comprising inclusions of a material that is lighter than concrete.
  • the inclusions are for example balls or aggregates of a material lighter than concrete.
  • Concrete is, for example, reinforced concrete.
  • the block 15 is made of a mixture of concrete and a polymer such as polystyrene.
  • the block 15 comprises a metal box filled with a ballast material.
  • a ballast material is a material used to increase the mass of block 15 relative to the mass of the empty cabinet.
  • the ballast material is, for example, a polymer material.
  • the polymeric material is a polymeric foam such as polyurethane foam.
  • the box then comprises a filling member and a vent allowing the injection of the ballast material into the box.
  • the ballast material is water.
  • the box further comprises a drainage device suitable for allowing the water to be evacuated from the box.
  • the ballast material is sand.
  • some blocks 15 include a box containing no ballast material.
  • non-metallic materials are also likely to be used for the cabinet, for example a plastic material.
  • the side faces 25 delimit the block 15 in a horizontal plane.
  • the side faces 25 are, for example, each perpendicular to the second direction Y or to the first direction X.
  • the side faces 25 each have two chamfers 40 and a central part 45 perpendicular to one of the first direction X and of the second direction Y.
  • the central part 45 is perpendicular to the first direction X
  • the two chamfers 40 delimit the central part in the second direction Y and have a slight angle with the first direction X.
  • the two chamfers 40 define the central part in the second direction Y and have a slight angle with the first direction X.
  • Each side face 25 is vertical.
  • the upper face 35 and the lower face 30 of each block 15 are parallel to one another.
  • the upper face 35 and the lower face 30 of each block 15 are both horizontal when the block 15 is integrated into the structure 10 resting on a horizontal floor 17.
  • the upper face 35 and the lower face 30 of each block 15 delimit the block 15 in the vertical direction Z.
  • the lower face 30 presents a set of feet comprising several feet 50.
  • Each foot 50 is a protuberance provided on the lower face 30, so that, when the lower face 30 of a block 15 of the second level N2 rests on the upper face of a block 15 of the first level N1, the feet 50 bear against the upper face 30 of the block 15 of the first level but the portions of the lower face 30 other than the feet are not supported.
  • Each foot 50 has a thickness measured in the vertical direction Z.
  • the thickness is for example between 5 millimeters (mm) and 100mm.
  • the feet 50 of the lower face 30 are distributed over the latter so as to allow the passage of the metal elements of the metal frame 20, in particular the connecting elements which will be described below.
  • the feet 50 also have a geometry allowing the passage of such metal elements.
  • the lower face 30 may include four of the feet 50 arranged at the four corners of the lower face 30.
  • the lower face 30 comprises six feet 50, including four feet 50 arranged at the four corners of the lower face 30, the other two feet 50 each being interposed, in the second direction Y, between two of the feet 50 arranged at the corners.
  • the lower face 30 does not have any feet.
  • At least one lower cavity 55 is formed in the lower face 30 of each block 15.
  • two lower cavities 55 are formed in the lower face 30 of each block 15.
  • Each lower cavity 55 is, for example, equidistant in the first direction X from the two lateral faces 25 which delimit the block 15 in this direction.
  • An axis is defined for each lower cavity 55.
  • the axes of the two lower cavities 55 are distant from each other, in the second direction Y, by a distance greater than or equal to half of the first length of the blocks L1. , between 0.1 m and 2.5 m.
  • Each lower cavity 55 extends in the vertical direction Z.
  • Each lower cavity 55 is delimited in the vertical direction Z by an end wall 60 and in a horizontal plane by one or more peripheral walls 65. Each lower cavity 55 also opens onto the lower face 30 to form a lower opening 67.
  • Each lower cavity 55 has, in a horizontal plane, a polygonal section.
  • the section of the lower cavity 55 is square.
  • this section is hexagonal.
  • the lower cavity 55 is in the form of a truncated pyramid.
  • the end wall 60 and the lower opening 67 are square and a straight line connecting the center of the end wall 60 to the center of the lower opening 67 is parallel to the vertical direction Z.
  • the lower opening 67 has a side length greater than strictly the side length of the end wall 60.
  • a chamfer is formed in the peripheral walls 65 near the lower opening 67.
  • the lower cavity 55 is therefore more flared near the lower opening 67 than near the end wall 60.
  • each lower cavity 55 is prism-shaped.
  • a prism is a geometric solid delimited by two polygons, called the bases of the prism, images of each other by a translation. These bases are linked together by parallelograms.
  • each lower cavity 55 are images of one another by translation in the vertical direction.
  • each lower cavity 55 are square, therefore the lower cavity 55 is parallelepiped.
  • the bases of the lower cavity 55 can be envisaged for example hexagonal.
  • the lower cavity 55 is cylindrical with a circular base.
  • Each lower cavity 55 has a depth, measured in the vertical direction Z, of between 5 cm and 100 cm.
  • Each lower cavity 55 has a minimum lateral dimension.
  • the minimum lateral dimension is the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the end wall 60 of the lower cavity 55.
  • the minimum lateral dimension is the length of one side of the end wall 60. .
  • each lower cavity 55 is between 20 mm and 500 mm.
  • At least one upper cavity 70 is provided in each upper face 35.
  • two upper cavities 70 are formed in the upper face 35 of each block 15.
  • Each upper cavity 70 is, for example, equidistant in the first direction X from the two lateral faces 25 which delimit the block 15 in this direction.
  • Each upper cavity 70 of a level N1, N2 which is not the highest level of the structure 10 is opposite a lower cavity 55 of a block 15 of the immediately higher level.
  • each lower cavity 55 of a level N1, N2 which is not the lowest level of the structure 10 is opposite an upper cavity 70 of a block 15 of the immediately lower level.
  • Each upper cavity 70 extends in the vertical direction Z.
  • each upper cavity 70 is shaped like a truncated cone.
  • each upper cavity 70 is cylindrical with a circular base.
  • the upper cavity 70 for example a prism or a truncated pyramid extending in the vertical direction Z.
  • An axis is defined for each upper cavity 70.
  • the axes of the two cavities 70 are distant from each other, in the second direction Y, by a distance greater than or equal to half of the first length of the blocks L1, between 0.1 m and 2.5 m.
  • Each upper cavity 70 is delimited in the vertical direction by an end wall 60 and in a horizontal plane by one or more peripheral walls 65. Each upper cavity 70 opens onto the upper face 35 to form an upper opening 72.
  • Each upper cavity 70 has a depth, measured in the vertical direction Z, of between 30 mm and 1000 mm.
  • Each upper cavity 70 has a minimum lateral dimension.
  • the minimum lateral dimension is the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the end wall 60 of the upper cavity 70.
  • the minimum lateral dimension is the diameter of the upper cavity 70.
  • each upper cavity 70 is between 20 mm and 500 mm.
  • the upper cavity 70 can flare from the end wall 60 towards the upper opening 72.
  • the upper opening 72 can have a diameter strictly greater than the minimum lateral dimension of the upper cavity 70.
  • Each duct 37 connects an upper cavity 70 and a lower cavity 55.
  • each duct 37 opens onto the end wall 60 of the upper cavity 70 and of the corresponding lower cavity 55.
  • each duct 37 opens out at the center of the end walls 60.
  • each duct 37 connects two by two an upper cavity 70 to a lower cavity 55.
  • each duct 37 connects a single upper cavity 70 among the two upper cavities 70 to a single lower cavity 55 among the two. lower cavities 55.
  • Each duct 37 is cylindrical with a circular base.
  • the duct 37 has a diameter of between 20 mm and 240 mm.
  • Each duct 37 extends in the vertical direction.
  • the upper 70 and lower 55 cavities connected by the same duct 37 are aligned in the vertical direction Z.
  • the upper cavity 70, the lower cavity 55 and the duct 37 are coaxial.
  • An anchoring hole 38 passes through the block 15 from one of the side faces 25 to another side face 25, the two side faces 25 considered delimiting the block 15 in the first direction X.
  • Each anchoring hole 38 is, for example, cylindrical with a circular base and has a diameter of between 2 cm and 40 cm.
  • Each anchor hole 38 is configured to allow the passage of a drilling tool and / or an anchor bolt.
  • at least one block 15 is anchored to the ground by an anchor bolt accommodated in an anchor hole 38.
  • the anchor hole 38 opens onto the two corresponding side faces 25 through two openings, the more the bottom of the two openings being provided to face a slope of the land or a cliff.
  • each block 15 is also crossed, in the first direction X, by a fixing duct allowing the connection of two blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2 belonging to two juxtaposed walls in the first direction X.
  • the metal frame 20 is configured to fix the blocks 15 together.
  • the metal frame 20 is, for example, made of raw, galvanized or stainless steel.
  • the metal frame 20 comprises a set of locking elements 75, a set of link elements 80, a set of retaining elements 85 and a set of anchoring elements 90.
  • Each blocking element 75 is received jointly in an upper cavity 70 of a block 15 and in the corresponding lower cavity 55 of a block 15 of the level immediately above the block 15 considered.
  • the locking element 75 has an upper end received in the lower cavity 55 and a lower end received in the upper cavity 70, the two ends being integral with one another.
  • Each blocking element 75 is configured to prevent horizontal translation between the two blocks 15 in which the blocking element 75 is received.
  • each locking element 75 is configured to bear against the peripheral walls 65 which delimit in a horizontal plane the cavities 55, 70 in which the locking element 75 is received when a force tending to generate a horizontal translation between the two corresponding blocks 15 is applied to these blocks 15.
  • each blocking element 75 is spaced from the peripheral walls 65 so as to define between the blocking element 75 and the peripheral walls 65 a horizontal mechanical clearance of between 0 mm and 50 mm.
  • each blocking element 75 is configured to prevent vertical translation between the two blocks 15 in which the blocking element 75 is received.
  • Each locking element 75 is at least partly linked jointly to two linking elements 80.
  • each locking element 75 is at least partly linked jointly to a linking element 80 accommodated in the duct 37 opening into the upper cavity. 70 corresponding and to a connecting element 80 received in the duct 37 opening into the lower cavity 55 corresponding.
  • Each locking element 75 comprises a fastener 95, a plate 100 and a tube 105.
  • the fastener 95 is configured to be fixed together with the two connecting elements 80 to which the locking element 75 is fixed.
  • the fastener 95 is a sleeve.
  • a sleeve is a hollow tube.
  • the fixing member 95 extends in the vertical direction Z.
  • the fixing member 95 is threaded.
  • the fixing member 95 is threaded on its inner surface to allow fixing, in the fixing member 95, one end of each connecting element 80.
  • fixing members 95 can be envisaged.
  • the fastener 95 may be threaded rather than threaded, or else be threaded on its outer surface.
  • the connecting elements 80 are fixed to the fixing member by clamping or else by keying are also possible.
  • the fixing member 95 comprises two threaded sleeves connected by one or two ball joints.
  • the plate 100 is interposed between the fixing member 95 and the end wall 60 of the upper cavity 70 in which the locking element 75 is received.
  • the plate 100 is configured to be pressed by the fixing member 95 against the end wall 60 when a downwardly directed force is exerted by the connecting element 80 received in the duct of the block 15 in which the upper cavity 70 is provided on the fixing member 95.
  • the plate 100 is crossed by the connecting element 80 accommodated in the duct of the block 15 in which the upper cavity 70 is formed. More precisely, the plate 100 has a cylindrical opening, the diameter of which is insufficient to allow the passage of the fixing member 95.
  • the plate 100 is, for example, in the form of a disc.
  • the opening made in the plate 100 is then concentric with the plate 100.
  • the plate 100 is hexagonal, or even square.
  • the plate 100 is configured to distribute over the end wall 60 of the corresponding upper cavity 70 the force exerted on the fixing element 95 by the connecting element 80.
  • the plate 100 has a surface that is strictly greater than the surface. of section of the fixing element 95.
  • the plate 100 has a diameter strictly greater than the outside diameter of the fixing member 95 when the latter is a sleeve.
  • the plate 100 has, for example, a surface area of between 3 and 2000 cm 2 .
  • the plate 100 When the plate 100 is circular, it has for example a diameter of between 20 and 500 mm.
  • the tube 105 surrounds the fastener 95 in a horizontal plane.
  • tube 105 is a cylindrical hollow tube.
  • the tube 105 has two portions of different shapes made integral, each portion being accommodated in a respective cavity 55, 70 and having an outer shape complementary to the cavity 55, 70 in which it is accommodated.
  • the fastener 95 When the fastener 95 is a sleeve, the fastener 95 and the tube 105 are coaxial.
  • Tube 105 is configured to prevent horizontal translation between the two blocks 15 in which tube 105 is accommodated.
  • the tube 105 bears against one or more peripheral walls 65 of the cavities 55, 70 in which the tube 105 is received.
  • the mechanical clearance between the peripheral walls 65 and the locking assembly 75 is measured between the peripheral walls 65 and the tube 105.
  • the tube 105 has a length of between 200 mm and 2200 mm.
  • the tube 105 has an outside diameter of between 20 mm and 500 mm.
  • the tube 105 has an internal diameter of between 5 mm and 450 mm.
  • the inside diameter of the tube 105 is strictly greater than the outside diameter of the plate 100, which is therefore accommodated in the tube 105.
  • the tube 105 is not necessarily linked to the fixing element 95 and / or to the plate 100.
  • the tube 105 is not linked to the fixing element 95 and to the plate 100. Only the fixing element 95 of the locking element 75 is fixed to the linking elements. 80. The fixing element 95 is placed on the plate 100. The tube 105 surrounds the fixing element 95 and the plate 100 with a radial clearance allowing a radial movement of the tube 105 relative to the fixing element 95 and at plate 100.
  • the tube 105 is rigidly fixed to the fixing element 95 and / or to the plate 100.
  • the locking element 75 is for example made up of several separate parts, here the fixing element 95, the plate 100 and the tube 105.
  • the blocking element 75 consists of a single piece configured to prevent horizontal translation between the two blocks 15 in which the element 75 is accommodated, configured to be fixed jointly with the two connecting elements 80 to which the blocking element 75 is fixed, and configured to be pressed against the end wall 60 when a downwardly directed force is exerted by the connecting element 80 received in the duct of the block 15 in which the upper cavity 70 is formed on the locking element 75.
  • a part may consist of a tube, plates and nuts or welded sleeves.
  • such a part is further configured to prevent vertical translation between the two blocks 15 in which the locking element 75 is received.
  • Each connecting element 80 is accommodated in a duct 37 of a block 15.
  • Each connecting element 80 is fixed jointly with the locking elements 75 accommodated in the lower 55 and upper 70 cavities into which the duct 37 opens.
  • Each connecting element 80 is configured to exert on the locking elements 75 to which it is attached a force tending to bring these two locking elements 75 closer to one another. In particular, this force tends so that the fixing element 95 of the blocking element 75 received in the upper cavity 70 presses against the end wall 60 corresponding to the plate 100 of the blocking element 75 in question.
  • Each connecting element 80 is, for example, a metal bar.
  • the bar has a diameter of between 6 mm and 75 mm.
  • the two ends of the bar are then screwed into the fixing element 95.
  • the force bringing the two locking elements 75 together is then generated by the screwing of the fixing elements 95 at both ends of the bar. .
  • the connecting element is a flexible link such as a metal cable.
  • Each holding element 85 is interposed between two levels N1, N2 of blocks 15.
  • Each holding element 85 connects two locking elements 75 inserted in two blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2.
  • the two blocking elements 75 closest to one another among the blocking elements 75 accommodated in two consecutive blocks 15 of the same level are also connected to each other by the same element. hold 85.
  • each locking element blocking 75 is connected to the two blocking elements 75 closest to the same level N1, N2.
  • Each retaining element 85 is able to eliminate at least one degree of freedom between the two locking elements 75 which it connects.
  • the retaining element 85 is suitable for preventing translation in the second direction Y between the two locking elements 75 considered.
  • each retaining element 85 is a horizontal plate, for example rectangular.
  • the plate is pierced with two holes in each of which is accommodated a locking element 75.
  • each hole is cylindrical with a circular base and has a diameter greater than or equal to the external diameter of the tube 105.
  • Each hole is coaxial with the tube. 105 he welcomes.
  • retaining elements 85 can be envisaged, for example bars fixed to the corresponding locking elements 75, or even cables.
  • the retaining element 85 comprises a cable provided at its two ends with rings suitable for being fixed to the corresponding locking elements 75.
  • each locking element 75 is received together in a hole of each of these two retaining elements 85.
  • the retaining elements 85 in which these holes are formed overlap each other in the vertical direction Z so that their holes are aligned for the passage of the locking element 75, here more particularly for the passage of the tube 105.
  • a second width I2, in the first direction X, of each retaining element 85 is between 50 mm and 800 mm.
  • the second width I2 is strictly less than the distance between the feet 50 in the first direction X.
  • Each retaining element 85 has a second length L2, measured in the second direction Y and between 0.2 m and 4 m.
  • Each retaining element 85 has a thickness measured in the vertical direction Z. This thickness is strictly less than the thickness of the feet 50, for example less than half the thickness of the feet 50.
  • each retaining element 85 is interposed, in the first direction X, between the feet 50.
  • At least one retaining element 85 is integrated into a corresponding block 15.
  • a retaining element 85 is cast in the block 15. This element can then consist of a plate or a welded mesh.
  • the two ends of the holding element 85 surround the two fixing elements 75 received in the block 15.
  • At least one retaining element 85 is partially integrated into a corresponding block 15.
  • one end of the retainer 85 is cast in the block 15.
  • This element can then consist of a plate.
  • one end of the retainer 85 surrounds the fastener 75 received in the block 15 in which the end is integrated and the other end, which protrudes out of the block 15, surrounds the other corresponding fixing element 75.
  • Each retaining element 85 is capable of being integrated into the block 15 near the upper face 35 or the lower face 30.
  • each block 15 comprises a retaining element 85 integrated into the block 15 near the. upper face 35 and a retaining element 85 integrated in the block 15 near the lower face 30.
  • the anchoring elements 90 are interposed between the lowest level N1 of blocks 15 and the ground 17. Each anchoring element 90 is configured to be anchored in the ground 17 and to be fixed at the end opening into a cavity. lower 55 of a connecting element 80 of a block 15 of the lowest level N1. Thus, each anchoring element 90 is configured to anchor the metal frame 20 to the ground.
  • each anchoring element 90 comprises an anchor 110 and a head 120 attached to the anchor 110.
  • the anchor 110 is anchored in the ground 17.
  • the head 120 is accommodated in a lower cavity 55 of a block 15 of the first level N1.
  • the head 120 has, for example, an external shape complementary to the cavity 55 to prevent rotation of the block 15 relative to the anchor 110 in a horizontal plane.
  • the head 120 is fixed to the end of the connecting element 80 which opens into the cavity 55 in question.
  • This anchoring mode uses the connecting elements 80 crossing the blocks 15 of the lowest level N1 via the conduits 37.
  • At least one block 15, in particular a block 15 of the first level N1 comprises at least one anchoring hole 125 passing through the corresponding block 15 from the upper face 35 to the lower face 30.
  • Each anchoring hole 125 s 'extends in the vertical direction Z.
  • Each anchoring hole 125 is separate from the or each duct 37 of the block 15.
  • Each anchoring hole 125 is for example cylindrical, in particular with a circular base.
  • Each anchor hole 125 is configured for anchoring the block 15 to the ground, for example using an anchor bolt or an anchor cable passing through the anchor hole 125.
  • Each anchor hole 125 is configured to allow the passage, through the anchor hole 125, of a drilling tool from the upper face 35 to the lower face 30.
  • the drilling tool is, for example , a forest.
  • each block of the first type 15 of the first level N1 is fixed to the ground by an anchor bolt accommodated through the anchor hole 125.
  • the blocks 15 are effectively linked to each other to form a strong structure 10 and simple to manufacture.
  • the metal frame 20 allows good dissipation of the kinetic energy of any masses coming into abutment against the structure 10.
  • the structure 10 has a small footprint on the ground.
  • the locking elements 75 allow good resistance to the shear forces between the blocks 15 of different levels N1, N2.
  • the connecting elements 80 ensure good interlocking of the blocks 15 of the different levels N1, N2. In particular, since they exert a force bringing the two locking elements 75 to which they are linked closer to one another, the structure 10 is prestressed, which reinforces its resistance.
  • the blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2 are integral with one another, which gives a good capacity for lateral diffusion of the stresses between the different blocks 15 and therefore for dissipation of kinetic energy at the end. book 10.
  • structure 10 has been described in the role of supporting structure or protection against falling materials. However, it should be noted that the book 10 is also suitable for other roles.
  • structure 10 is a perimeter wall of a property.
  • the structure 10 has been described in an example in which the blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2 are aligned in the second direction Y and the structure 10 therefore forms a rectilinear wall.
  • the structure 10 is also likely, as required, to form a curved wall in which the blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2 do not are not aligned.
  • the small width of the retaining elements 85 relative to the distance between the feet 50 in the X direction, associated with the presence of the chamfers 40 allows an offset between the blocks 15 of the same level N1, N2.
  • the structure 10 is likely to have a structure other than a staggered structure.
  • the blocks 15 are aligned in the vertical direction Z to form a set of columns.
  • the blocks 15 of the same column are aligned with each other in the vertical direction Z.
  • the columns are for example aligned with each other, each block of a column being located at the level of a block of each other adjacent column, or, alternatively the columns are not aligned with each other, each block of a column being offset horizontally with respect to each adjacent block of an adjacent column.
  • the columns are interconnected by retaining elements 85.
  • the geometry of the retaining elements is adapted as appropriate.
  • the dimensions or the shapes of the blocks 15 are liable to vary, as can the number of cavities 55, 70.
  • the structure comprises two types of blocks 15, one of the two types of which has a length, first length L1, equal to half the length L1 of the blocks 15 of the other type.
  • the smaller blocks 15 each comprise a single upper cavity 70 and a single lower cavity 70 connected by a single duct 37.
  • the vertical direction Z is the vertical of the place where the work 10 is placed. It should be noted that the vertical direction Z is likely to differ from the vertical of the place. In all cases, the term "horizontal" is taken to mean a direction or a plane perpendicular to the vertical direction Z.
  • a structure comprises a first wall and a second wall, the blocks 15 of each level N1, N2 of the first wall being aligned in the second direction Y, the blocks 15 of each level N1, N2 of the second wall being aligned in the third direction X, at least one block 15 of the first wall being secured to a block 15 of the second wall.
  • a structure is formed by the joining of at least two walls parallel to one another, each wall being perpendicular to the third direction X and having a thickness of a single block 15 according to the third direction X, at least one block 15 of one wall being secured to a block (15) of the other wall.
  • the joining of two blocks 15 each belonging to a respective wall is carried out for example by the retaining elements 85 or by means of tie rods inserted in anchoring holes 38 of these blocks 15.
  • guying is carried out for example around at least one element of the metal frame emerging from an upper cavity 70 of a block 15 of the highest level.
  • the element of the metal frame is for example a locking element 75, in particular a connecting element 95 or a tube 105.
  • the guying can be carried out around another metal element of the frame 20.
  • Each stay is then fixed simultaneously at one of its ends to the structure 10 and at the other of its ends to the ground, to an anchoring element, or even to another structure to stabilize the structure 10.
  • the structure can be curved, for example, when the blocks 15 of the same level are not aligned with each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Struktur (10), insbesondere zum Zurückhalten oder zum Schutz gegen herabstürzende Materialien, die Struktur (10) umfassend einen Metallrahmen (20) und eine Vielzahl von Blöcken (15), die auf mehreren Ebenen (N1, N2) verteilt sind, die in einer vertikalen Richtung (Z) übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Block (15) eine Oberseite (35) und eine Unterseite (30) aufweist, wobei:
    - jeder Block (15) mindestens einen oberen Hohlraum (70), der in der Oberseite (35) angeordnet ist, und mindestens einen unteren Hohlraum (55), der in der Unterseite (30) angeordnet ist, aufweist, wobei jeder obere Hohlraum (70) mit einem unteren Hohlraum (55) in demselben Block (15) durch einen Kanal (37), der in dem Block (15) angeordnet ist, verbunden ist, und
    - der Metallrahmen (20) eine Gruppe von Arretierelementen (75) und eine Gruppe von Verbindungselementen (80) umfasst, wobei jedes Arretierelement (75) gemeinsam in dem oberen Hohlraum (70) eines Blocks (15) und in einem entsprechenden unteren Hohlraum (55) eines Blocks (15) der Ebene unmittelbar über dem jeweiligen Block (15) untergebracht ist, um eine relative horizontale Verschiebung dieser zwei Blöcke (15) zu verhindern,
    wobei die Struktur (10) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass zwei Arretierelemente (75), die in einem oberen (70) und einem unteren (55) Hohlraum desselben Blocks (15) untergebracht sind, gleichzeitig an demselben Verbindungselement (80) befestigt sind, das in dem Kanal untergebracht ist und auf die zwei jeweiligen Arretierelemente (75) eine Kraft ausübt, die dazu tendiert, die Arretierelemente (75) einander anzunähern,
    und dass jedes Arretierelement (75) ein Befestigungsorgan (95) umfasst, die gemeinsam mit einem Verbindungselement (80) von jedem der zwei Blöcke (15), in deren Hohlräumen (55, 70) das Arretierelement (75) aufgenommen ist, verbunden sind.
  2. Struktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei jedes Verbindungselement (80) ein Metallstab oder ein Kabel ist.
  3. Struktur nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Befestigungsorgan (95) eine Gewindehülse ist, in die ein Ende von jedem der zwei Verbindungselemente (80), an denen die Hülse (95) befestigt ist, eingeschraubt ist.
  4. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei jedes Arretierelement (75) ein Rohr (105) umfasst, das das Befestigungsorgan (80) in einer horizontalen Ebene umgibt, wobei das Rohr (105) an den Umfangswänden (65) des oberen (70) und des unteren (55) Hohlraums, in denen das Rohr (105) aufgenommen ist, anliegt, um eine relative Verschiebung der zwei Blöcke (15), in denen das Rohr (105) untergebracht ist, in einer horizontalen Ebene zu verhindern.
  5. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei jeder Hohlraum (55, 70) in vertikaler Richtung durch eine in dem entsprechenden Block (15) angeordnete Endwand (60) begrenzt ist, jedes Arretierelement (75) ferner umfassend eine Platte (100), die zwischen dem Befestigungsorgan (95) und der Endwand (60) des entsprechenden oberen Hohlraums (70) eingefügt ist.
  6. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Metallrahmen (20) ferner Halteelemente (85) umfasst, die zwei Arretierelemente (75), die in demselben Block (15) oder in zwei benachbarte Blöcke (15) derselben Ebene eingefügt sind, verbinden und geeignet sind, um mindestens einen Freiheitsgrad zwischen den zwei betrachteten Arretierelementen (75) zu eliminieren.
  7. Struktur nach Anspruch 6, wobei jedes Halteelement (85) eine horizontale Platte ist und zwischen zwei Ebenen von Blöcken (15) eingefügt ist, wobei die Platte mit zwei Löchern durchbohrt ist, die jeweils eines der zwei Arretierelemente (75), die durch die Platte verbunden sind, unterbringen.
  8. Struktur nach Anspruch 6, wobei jedes Halteelement (85) ein Kabel umfasst.
  9. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, wobei mindestens ein Halteelement (85) mindestens teilweise in einen Block (15) integriert ist.
  10. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei jeder Block (15) mindestens zwei obere Hohlräume (70) und zwei untere Hohlräume (55) umfasst, die paarweise durch entsprechende Kanäle (37) verbunden sind.
  11. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Blöcke (15) von jeder Ebene (N1, N2) entlang einer zweiten Richtung (Y) senkrecht zu der vertikalen Richtung (Z) ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Blöcke (15) eine gestaffelte Struktur bilden, wobei vorzugsweise ein entlang der zweiten Richtung (Y) gemessener Versatz zwischen den Blöcken (15) von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Ebenen (N1, N2) gleich der Hälfte einer Länge (L1) der Blöcke (15) entlang der zweiten Richtung (Y) ist.
  12. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Blöcke (15) eine Säuleneinheit bilden, wobei die Blöcke (15) ein und derselben Säule untereinander entlang der vertikalen Richtung (Z) ausgerichtet sind.
  13. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 oder 12, wobei die Blöcke (15) ein und derselben Ebene untereinander nicht ausgerichtet sind.
  14. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, umfassend eine erste Wand und eine zweite Wand, wobei die Blöcke (15) von jeder Ebene (N1, N2) der ersten Wand entlang einer zweiten Richtung (Y) senkrecht zu der vertikalen Richtung (Z) ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Blöcke (15) von jeder Ebene (N1, N2) der zweiten Wand in einer dritten Richtung (X) senkrecht zu der vertikalen Richtung (Z) und zu der zweiten Richtung (Y) ausgerichtet sind, wobei mindestens ein Block (15) der ersten Wand an einem Block (15) der zweiten Wand befestigt ist.
  15. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei die Struktur durch die Verbindung von mindestens zwei zueinander parallelen Wänden gebildet ist, wobei jede Wand senkrecht zu einer dritten Richtung (X) senkrecht zu der vertikalen Richtung (Z) ist und eine Stärke eines einzelnen Blocks (15) entlang der dritten Richtung (X) aufweist, wobei mindestens ein Block (15) einer Wand mit einem Block (15) der anderen Wand verbunden ist.
  16. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Block (15) der ersten Ebene (N1) ein Verankerungsloch (125) aufweist, das den Block (15) in vertikaler Richtung (Z) von der Oberseite zu der Unterseite durchquert, wobei dieser Block (15) konfiguriert ist, um durch einen Bolzen, der in dem Verankerungsloch (125) aufgenommen ist, am Boden befestigt zu werden.
  17. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Block (15) einen mit Ballastmaterial gefüllten Kasten, insbesondere einen Metall- oder Kunststoffkasten, umfasst.
  18. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, wobei mindestens ein Block (15) ferner ein Verankerungsloch (38) aufweist, das den Block (15) von einer Seitenfläche des Blocks (15) zu einer gegenüberliegenden Seitenfläche des Blocks (15) durchquert.
  19. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wobei die Struktur um ein Stück des Metallrahmens (20) abgespannt ist.
EP18742768.7A 2017-07-17 2018-07-16 Böschungssicherung mit blöcken und verstärkung Active EP3655592B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1756769A FR3068995B1 (fr) 2017-07-17 2017-07-17 Ouvrage comprenant un ensemble de blocs et une armature
PCT/EP2018/069219 WO2019016122A1 (fr) 2017-07-17 2018-07-16 Ouvrage comprenant un ensemble de blocs et une armature

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EP3655592B1 true EP3655592B1 (de) 2021-12-08

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KR102648739B1 (ko) * 2021-12-02 2024-03-18 주식회사 대흥미래기술 사방블럭 구조물 시공방법
KR102599307B1 (ko) * 2022-12-14 2023-11-07 주식회사 대흥미래기술 사방블럭 구조물 시공방법

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US4726567A (en) * 1986-09-16 1988-02-23 Greenberg Harold H Masonry fence system
EP0707117B1 (de) * 1993-03-31 2002-07-10 Société Civile des Brevets Henri Vidal Bausteinstützmauerkonstruktion
US5678373A (en) * 1994-11-07 1997-10-21 Megawall Corporation Modular precast wall system with mortar joints
EP1036638A4 (de) * 1997-07-17 2000-12-20 Rita Engineering Consultants C Zementblock, verbindungsmöglichkeit des zementblocks und struktur aus zementblöcken

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MA49622A (fr) 2021-03-31
EP3655592A1 (de) 2020-05-27
FR3068995B1 (fr) 2020-11-20
WO2019016122A1 (fr) 2019-01-24

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