EP3652102B1 - Deflection roller for a flexible drive - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a deflection pulley in a traction drive, preferably in an elevator drive with an elevator or carrying belt, the deflecting roller being rotatably mounted and having several deflecting pulleys arranged on a shaft for the traction means (s). Disks on an outer circumferential surface revolves or loops over a partial circumference.

In a traction drive, a number of deflection rollers are usually required in order to guide and deflect the traction device in such a way that drive rollers, driven rollers, tensioning devices etc. remain correctly engaged and at the same time take account of the spatial and geometric features, the structural dimensions and the required installation space for other machine parts will.

This is particularly the case with elevator systems in which the elevator car travels within a narrow elevator shaft and is usually suspended from several ropes which also move corresponding counterweights. In such elevator systems, the elevator belts or the carrying belts are guided by a series of pulleys in the elevator shaft so that the elevator car and counterweights can be safely driven via one or more drive rollers and can move up and down precisely within the shaft.

In elevator technology, as a rule, at least two, but mostly more suspension elements, ie elevator belts or suspension belts, are used in parallel. These support belts are guided over a common traction pulley / drive pulley, with which the drive torque is transmitted to the tension belt or support means. These are typical traction sheave elevators in which the drive on the suspension element is via frictional forces he follows.

A basic distinction is made between different types of suspension, which are determined, among other things, by the ratio of the running speed of the suspension element and the traveling speed of the car in the shaft. The running speed of the suspension element essentially corresponds to the circumferential speed of the traction sheave and is transferred to the travel speed of the elevator car as an integral fraction by means of deflection rollers that may be provided. This fraction is therefore basically also determined by the number of pulleys acting in the sense of a pulley block on the elevator car and counterweight.

In the simplest suspension, the so-called 1: 1 suspension, both the cabin and the counterweight are attached directly to the ends of a suspension element, which runs around the drive pulley between the cabin and the counterweight and transmits the drive torque via cable friction. In this case, the running speed of the suspension element is the same as the running speed of the car in the shaft. Deflection pulleys can also be used here, but not those that change the translation or the ratio in the sense of a pulley.

With the 2: 1 suspension, the rope ends are attached to the ceiling of an elevator shaft, for example, so that the car and counterweight each hang by means of pulleys on the suspension element, which here also runs around the drive pulley between the car and counterweight. The result is a simple pulley system that, compared to the 1: 1 suspension, can lift twice the payload at half the speed. The speed of the suspension element is then twice as high as the travel speed of the car in the shaft, hence the designation 2: 1 suspension.

As further, rather rare and especially used for freight elevators, there are also 3: 1 or 4: 1 suspensions, which can also be classified by the ratio of the two speeds mentioned or, in principle, by the number of pulleys on the elevator car or counterweight.

Non-driven deflection pulleys therefore play an important role in traction drives, especially in elevator systems, and are often found there. In many elevator systems, several suspension elements / risers are guided next to one another over one and the same deflection pulley. These wider deflecting pulleys are then designed so that their outer surface has correspondingly multiple spherical or profiled areas that are separated by separating flanges so that the support means can rotate around the deflecting pulley next to one another but separated from one another.

In this case, in which several parallel suspension elements or belts are guided over the same deflection roller, problems sometimes arise in the interaction between deflection rollers and suspension elements due to an improper alignment of the individual deflection rollers or deflection pulleys with one another and the resulting "diagonal pull". Such a diagonal pull can lead to the latter running out of the guide even with guided suspension elements or running against flange disks with permanent friction, which prevent the suspension element from running off the roller or disk. Heavy tarnishing on the flanged disks leads to noises, heating and increased wear. Additional elongations or expansions of the suspension elements can produce additional relative movements between the individual suspension elements running next to one another and the deflection roller, particularly when there is an inclined run. This also creates noises due to the so-called "stick-slip effect", namely vibrations, caused by a merging change between adhesion, breaking loose, sliding and rolling friction.

Therefore, relatively high flanged disks are usually used today in order to ensure reliable guidance despite any inclined running and to prevent the suspension element from running off the roller or disk.

To reduce the noise effects caused by different relative movements between the individual support means running next to one another and the deflecting roller, the discloses WO 2016-019135 A1 a pulley, its pulley, the yes on its surface interacts with the suspension element, is rotatably mounted on the shaft of the pulley with the aid of at least one bearing. The bearing shown there is not specified in detail. A common ball bearing can only be assumed in the figures. In principle, the hitherto customary mounting of the deflecting pulley firmly connected to the deflecting pulleys at both ends of their shaft has been abandoned in favor of mounting the deflecting pulleys directly on the shaft then fixed at both ends. In this way, friction caused by the above-mentioned relative movements can be avoided, but the solution does not provide a remedy for the skew.

DE1182907 discloses the preamble of claim 1.

For the invention, the object was to provide a pulley in which skew cannot occur or is at least greatly reduced, even if the same pulley is used for several adjacent carrying belts and the - at least within certain limits - a not very clean alignment of the can compensate for individual pulleys or pulleys. Furthermore, the deflection roller should have a simple and inexpensive construction, allow easy maintenance and provide a long service life.

This problem is solved by the features of the main claim. Further advantageous designs are disclosed in the subclaims.

The deflecting disks are arranged so that they can be axially displaced relative to the shaft and relative to one another, preferably axially slidably displaceable. By means of such a design, the axial force component that occurs when inclined pulling occurs in the traction means or in the support belt / support means can be absorbed or compensated for by moving the deflecting pulley. A permanent run-up of the suspension means on the flanged disks is prevented, as is a run-out from a possibly existing guide groove or the run-off from a centering convexity of the deflecting pulley.

The axial displaceability between the deflecting disk and the shaft, which is embodied here according to the invention, is essentially free of play, but can nevertheless be overcome by overcoming the Static or sliding friction between the shaft and the deflection pulley leads to an axial displacement if, for example, due to a lack of proper alignment of all deflection and drive rollers, an axial force component occurs in the traction mechanism.

This axial displaceability according to the invention is achieved, for example, by an adapted material pairing and tolerance between the hub of the deflection disk and the shaft. The shaft can be made of steel, for example, while the deflection disk is made of a plastic that can slide, at least in the area of the hub. A coating or support made of plastic of high strength and low coefficient of friction can preferably be used here in the area of the hub. For example, special polyamides or HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) are suitable. Of course, the deflection pulleys can also consist entirely of such a plastic if the load in the respective application allows this.

Preferably and in the sense of a uniform axial and radial loading of the deflection disks by the tensile forces transmitted by the support means, the deflection disks are arranged next to one another between the bearings of a bilateral shaft bearing.

A further advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that the deflection disks arranged next to one another have or form flanged disks. Flanged disks are used to guide the suspension elements / elevator belts, furthermore prevent suspension elements from hitting one another or from being able to skip and, even when the aforementioned axial force components occur, are well suited to effect an axial displacement of the deflection pulley after the suspension elements have briefly touched the flanged disks, which then the diagonal pull is compensated.

A further advantageous embodiment consists in that the deflecting disks are received axially displaceably on the shaft by means of one or more receiving sleeves, and are preferably received axially slidably displaceably

Such receiving sleeves, that is to say sliding sleeves or sliding support sleeves arranged between the outer surface of the shaft and the inner surface of the hub / receiving bore of the deflecting disk, simplify the manufacture and also the maintenance of the deflecting disk and the shaft. With such a design, in which the displaceability of the deflecting pulley is provided by a sleeve on the shaft, axial mobility in the area of sliding friction can be provided very precisely through the choice of material for the sleeve alone.

The shaft of such a deflection roller is usually made of metal, preferably steel. A sleeve arranged between the deflection disk and the shaft can then be made from different materials, preferably from a high-strength plastic with a low coefficient of friction. Special polyamides or HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), for example, are suitable for this, as already mentioned above.

For this purpose, the sleeve can easily be replaced after a certain running time and any wear that may be present, and thus the entire deflection roller can be operated fully again.

A further advantageous embodiment, also in terms of explosion and fire protection, consists in the fact that the receiving sleeves are designed to be antistatic and thus cannot accumulate any charges.

A further advantageous embodiment consists in that the axial displaceability of the deflecting disks on the shaft is provided by a sliding layer or sliding coating on the shaft, on the receiving sleeve or in the hub of the deflecting disks, preferably by a sliding layer or sliding coating with polytetrafluoroethylene (trade name "Teflon") ). The advantage is clearly that the entire component or its material does not have to be changed in order to achieve the displaceability according to the invention, but that only a coating / surface treatment is required, which, incidentally, can also be easily replaced or renewed.

A further advantageous embodiment consists in that the deflecting disks are additionally arranged or designed so that they can slide relative to the shaft and are rotatable. This also avoids the generation of noise that arises, for example, from small relative movements (stick-slip effect) between the deflection disks of the individual support means running next to one another and the shaft of the deflection roller

One embodiment that is not claimed consists in that the shaft is hollow and the deflection roller is supported within the hollow shaft. Such a training gives you constructive freedom in the training and storage of the entire pulley.

Such a deflection pulley is of course particularly suitable for an elevator system with an elevator drive in which several elevator or carrying belts running in parallel are provided, as is already clear from the description above.

Fig. 1

eine Aufzugsanlage in einer 2:1 Aufhängungsart als Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 2

eine der erfindungsgemäßen Umlenkrollen einer Aufzugsanlage nach Fig. 1 im Querschnitt.

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Umlenkrollen im Querschnitt, bei einer Aufzugsanlage, die mit einem Tragmittel mit ummantelten und über eine Basislage verbundenen Zugseilen ausgerüstet ist.

The invention is to be explained in more detail on the basis of an exemplary embodiment. Show it

Fig. 1

an elevator system in a 2: 1 type of suspension as a schematic diagram,

Fig. 2

one of the pulleys according to the invention of an elevator system Fig. 1 in cross section.

Fig. 3

a further embodiment of the deflecting pulleys according to the invention in cross section, in an elevator system which is equipped with a suspension element with sheathed traction ropes connected via a base layer.

the Fig. 1 shows as a schematic diagram an elevator installation 1 in a 2: 1 suspension type, in which the rope ends are attached to the ceiling of an elevator shaft. The car 2 and the counterweight 3 are each suspended from the support means 5 by means of deflection rollers 4a, 4b and 4c.

The suspension element (s) revolve around a traction or drive pulley 6 which is driven by a motor (not shown here) and which is arranged between the car and the counterweight in the upper region of the elevator shaft. This creates a simple pulley. The running speed of the suspension element 5 is then twice as high as the running speed of the car 2. The tensile force is transmitted to the drive pulley 6 by means of rope friction.

The support means 5 is designed here as a support belt that is guided three times in parallel. Thus, the deflection rollers, one of which, namely the deflection roller 4a on the car roof, are shown in cross section in FIG Fig. 2 is shown, wrapped around by three parallel running belts / belt parts 5a, 5b and 5c.

The strap 5 and accordingly all the strap parts 5a to 5c are in the Fig. 1 Executed as a flat belt and reinforced with cords 7 as a tension member. The construction of the shoulder strap is in the lower half of the Figure 2 can be seen in principle, namely where the support belt and the deflection pulleys are shown in section.

The pulleys 4a to c, in the Fig. 2 the deflecting pulley 4a on the cabin are rotatably mounted and have several deflecting disks 9a, 9b, 9c arranged on a shaft 8. The support belt 5 as a traction means wraps around the deflection disks 9a to 9c on an outer circumferential surface over a partial circumference.

The deflection disks 9a, 9b, 9c are arranged next to one another between the bearings 10 of a bilateral shaft bearing and are designed to be axially displaceable relative to the shaft 8. In addition, the deflection disks 9a, 9b, 9c arranged next to one another each form flanged disks 11 on both sides, which serve to guide the suspension elements / elevator belts and prevent the suspension elements from jumping over.

The deflection disks 9a, 9b, 9c obtain their axial displaceability according to the invention in that they are axially displaceable by means of a sliding sleeve or receiving sleeve 12 the shaft 8 are added. The receiving sleeve 12 is provided with a coating made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon coating) on its outer surface, ie on the surface that is in contact with the inner surfaces of the hubs of the deflection disks 9a, 9b, 9c. As a result, the deflecting disks 9a, 9b, 9c can slide axially when an axial force component resulting, for example, from a lack of alignment between deflecting and / or drive rollers, is transmitted through the suspension element.

The deflection disks 9a, 9b, 9c are additionally arranged so that they can slide and rotate on the shaft 8 due to this design / sliding coating, so that the generation of noise caused by slight relative movements (stick-slip effect) between the deflection disks of the individual next to each other is also avoided running support means and the shaft of the pulley can arise.

The inventive design of such deflection pulleys rotating multiple times by suspension elements causes axial displacement of the deflection disk when axial force components occur in the suspension element after the suspension element briefly touches the flanged disks and thus compensates for any inclined pull according to the task.

Fig. 3 shows a deflecting pulley 15 according to the invention once again in a different embodiment, in which an elevator with a suspension means 13a, 13b and 13c is equipped with sheathed traction cables 14 connected via a base layer, which are connected to deflecting pulley 15 via correspondingly grooved deflection pulleys 16A, 16b and 16c Running. Such suspension elements are for example in the EP 2146919 B1 disclosed.

List of reference symbols (Part of the description)

1

Elevator system

2

cabin

3

Counterweight

4a, 4b

Pulley

5a, 5b, 5c

Pulling or suspension means, carrying strap, carrying strap part

6th

Traction sheave, drive sheave

7th

Tension member, cord

8th

wave

9a, 9b, 9c

Deflection pulleys

10

warehouse

11

Flanged wheel

12th

Receiving sleeve, sliding sleeve, bearing sleeve

13th

Suspension means with sheathed pull ropes connected via a base layer

14th

Pull rope

15th

Pulley

16a, 16b, 16c

Deflection pulley

Claims (8)

1. Deflection roller in a pulling-means drive, preferably in an elevator drive having elevator or suspension belts, wherein the deflection roller (4a, 4b, 4c, 15) is rotatably mounted and comprises a plurality of deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c), which are arranged on a shaft (8), for the one or more pulling means, wherein the pulling means (5a, 5b, 5c, 13a, 13b, 13c) runs around or wraps around the deflection roller or deflection discs on an outer circumferential surface over a partial circumference, characterized in that the deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) are arranged or designed to be axially displaceable, preferably axially slidably displaceable, relative to the shaft (8) and relative to one another.
2. Deflection roller according to Claim 1, in which the deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) are arranged next to one another between the bearings (10) of a bilateral shaft bearing arrangement.
3. Deflection roller according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) arranged next to one another comprise or form flanged discs (11).
4. Deflection roller according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) are received on the shaft (8) in an axially displaceable manner, preferably are received in an axially slidably displaceable manner, by means of one or more receiving sleeves (12).
5. Deflection roller according to Claim 4, in which the receiving sleeves (12) are designed to be antistatic.
6. Deflection roller according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the axial displaceability of the deflection disc (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) on the shaft is provided by a sliding layer or sliding coating on the shaft, on the receiving sleeve or in the hub of the deflection discs, preferably by a sliding layer or sliding coating containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
7. Deflection roller according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the deflection discs (9a, 9b, 9c, 16a, 16b, 16c) are arranged or designed to be slidably rotatable relative to the shaft.
8. Elevator system having an elevator drive in which a plurality of parallel-running elevator or suspension belts (5a, 5b, 5c, 13a, 13b, 13c) are provided, and in which at least one deflection roller (4a, 4c) is designed according to one of Claims 1 to 7.

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