EP3650778B1 - Chauffe-eau instantané - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau instantané Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3650778B1
EP3650778B1 EP19207336.9A EP19207336A EP3650778B1 EP 3650778 B1 EP3650778 B1 EP 3650778B1 EP 19207336 A EP19207336 A EP 19207336A EP 3650778 B1 EP3650778 B1 EP 3650778B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
continuous
housing bottom
ptc
flow
heater according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19207336.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3650778A1 (fr
Inventor
Oleg Kexel
Patrick Le Coent
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3650778A1 publication Critical patent/EP3650778A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3650778B1 publication Critical patent/EP3650778B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1827—Positive temperature coefficient [PTC] resistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/24—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric water heater for liquids.
  • a water heater with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 is in DE 20 2006 019 291 U1 famous.
  • Electric instantaneous water heaters can be used in motor vehicles to heat coolant as long as the coolant in the relevant cooling circuit has not yet been heated by the waste heat from the engine.
  • the heated cooling liquid can then in turn serve to thaw or warm up a fluid in a container by leading a line with the heated cooling water through the container.
  • Instantaneous water heaters for motor vehicles generally have a housing which has a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and an interior through which the liquid to be heated can flow.
  • instantaneous water heaters such as those from the US 2016/0069588 A1 or DE 10 2011 003 296 A1 are known, PTC heaters are arranged in this interior.
  • Such water heaters allow a very good utilization of the generated Heat, but have a complex structure and are therefore expensive to manufacture.
  • the object of the present invention is to show a way in which a flow heater for motor vehicles can be created, which heats liquid with low heat losses and enables simple manufacture.
  • the PTC heater is not arranged in the interior of the housing through which the liquid to be heated can flow, but sits on the outside of the housing, which enables much simpler manufacture than is the case with instantaneous water heaters which are internally in a throughflowable housing are arranged.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heater is therefore only given off to the liquid to be heated on one side, while the other side of the PTC heater gives off heat to the environment, that is, leads to heat losses.
  • an excellent utilization of the generated heat is achieved despite this inherently unfavorable arrangement, since the PTC heater is thermally very efficiently coupled to the liquid to be heated in the interior of the housing.
  • the PTC heater is pressed against a metal housing base with a metal spring element.
  • the PTC heater has good thermal contact with the housing bottom, so that heat can be efficiently transferred to the housing bottom from its front side facing the housing bottom; on the other hand, heat can also be dissipated from the rear of the PTC heater to the housing bottom via the spring element.
  • the spring element is preferably made of an alloy based on aluminum, for example a spring-hard alloy such as AlMgSi. Aluminum alloys have a good thermal conductivity, so that heat generated by the PTC heater can then advantageously also be dissipated via the spring element. That
  • the spring element can be manufactured, for example, as a sheet metal part or as an extruded part.
  • the spring element is designed as a bracket with contact surfaces on both sides of the housing base, in particular strip-shaped contact surfaces.
  • the contact surfaces of a bracket together are at least half as large, in particular at least 2/3 as large as the surface of the PTC heating resistors held therewith facing the spring element.
  • the housing base has heat dissipation projections, for example pins, which protrude into the housing interior and are washed around there by the liquid to be heated.
  • the pins ensure an advantageously large contact area between the housing base and the liquid.
  • the heat dissipation projections are preferably arranged in several rows arranged next to one another, for example as a matrix or two-dimensional grid.
  • the heat release projections are advantageously arranged in at least five rows, each of which contains at least five heat release projections.
  • the housing base can be manufactured inexpensively as an extruded part, in particular by a combined forward and backward extrusion.
  • the number of pens can be easily adapted to the requirements of a specific application.
  • the housing base has at least 10 pins, preferably at least 20 pins.
  • the upstanding pins have an average height of 5mm to 15mm, especially 5mm to 10mm, and / or an average cross-sectional area of 1.5 mm 2 to 10 mm 2, in particular 2 mm to 6mm 2. 2 Both together result in good heat transfer, especially for liquids, since has shown that long, thin sticks, in contrast to the dissipation of heat in air, are rather disadvantageous here.
  • the spring element is latched or caulked with the housing base.
  • the spring element is locked or caulked with the housing base, there is less risk of metal chips forming, which can cause electrical problems, than when a spring plate is pushed into a groove.
  • the spring element can be attached to the housing base by clipping it onto the housing base.
  • the spring element is fastened to the housing base by caulking, for example by means of fastening devices such as rivets.
  • the rivets can be formed in one piece with the housing base, which enables simple manufacture.
  • a housing base with integrated pins or projections that can be used as rivets can be produced, for example, by extrusion.
  • An extruded part as a housing base thus has projections formed on one side of the housing base to increase the contact surface with the fluid, and on the other side projections or rivets for fastening PTC heaters to the housing base.
  • the rivets can be inserted through openings in the spring element, preferably in the area of the contact surfaces, and then caulked so that the spring element is then riveted to the housing part.
  • the spring element is preferably riveted under tension.
  • the spring element and the housing base are still pressed together.
  • the contact pressure can be increased even further and the heat transfer can be further improved.
  • the housing has a hood that sits on the housing base and forms the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.
  • the hood is preferably made of plastic and is therefore inexpensive, for example made of polyamide or a heat-stabilized plastic, ie with a plastic heat-stabilizing additives, or a high-temperature-resistant plastic such as PPS.
  • the housing can be a two-part housing, that is to say it can consist of a housing base and hood, or it can have further parts.
  • a circumferential seal for example a sealing ring, is preferably arranged between the housing base and the hood.
  • the hood preferably has a flange for attachment to the housing base.
  • the flange can have openings for fastening elements.
  • the hood can be fastened to the metallic housing base in that projections of the housing base designed as rivets reach through corresponding openings in the flange of the hood.
  • the hood and the housing base can also be connected to one another, for example, by screws which reach through openings in the housing base and openings in the flange of the hood.
  • the housing base is preferably made of an alloy based on aluminum and can be protected from contact with a liquid to be heated with a plastic layer, for example by a powder coating or a coating produced by electrophoresis.
  • the housing base can also be coated with an anodized layer.
  • An anodized layer can advantageously also be used to electrically isolate the housing base from the PTC heater. If the housing base is covered with a plastic layer, this preferably has a recess in which the PTC heater sits so that the thermal coupling of the PTC heater to the metallic housing base is impaired as little as possible.
  • the PTC resistors are preferably placed directly on the bottom of the housing. This is particularly advantageous when the housing base is an extruded part. In this case, the surface is very flat and very good heat transfer from the PTC resistor to the housing base is achieved even without a compensating element.
  • the housing base can be partially or completely covered with a layer of lacquer.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that a cover which covers the PTC heater is fastened to the housing base.
  • the PTC heater can be thermally and electrically isolated from the environment. This increases the efficiency of the instantaneous water heater even further and prevents open, live parts on the outside.
  • the hood has partition walls which protrude into the interior and define the flow path from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet.
  • the partition walls can form deflection devices or partitions which influence and direct the direction of the flow.
  • labyrinth-like flow paths can be created which enable heat to be transferred even more effectively.
  • the deflecting devices or separating webs extend to the bottom of the housing. Such deflection devices or separating webs can be attached, for example, to an inner surface of the hood.
  • the PTC heater has a plastic frame that holds the at least one PTC heating resistor and the at least one contact element.
  • the plastic frame preferably has pins which protrude through openings in the contact element.
  • the plastic frame can fix a contact element, in particular a contact element in the form of a contact sheet.
  • the plastic frame can surround and hold the PTC heating resistor or the PTC heating resistors.
  • it preferably also holds an insulating layer, for example a ceramic plate, resting on the contact sheet.
  • the PTC heater can be fixed to the housing base, in particular it can be fixed in a clamping manner.
  • the plastic frame can have openings or depressions into which the projections engage.
  • the housing base preferably has projections, for example in the form of pins, which press resiliently against the arms of the plastic frame. In contrast to simple openings in the plastic frame that reach through the projections, this fastening is less prone to problems due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • the PTC heater can be fixed to the housing base during the manufacture of the flow heater before the spring element covering the PTC heater is latched or caulked on the housing base.
  • the instantaneous water heater shown is used for heating liquids in a motor vehicle, for example for heating water or aqueous solutions.
  • the instantaneous water heater has a housing base 1 which, together with a hood 2 placed on the housing base 1, delimits an interior space through which a liquid to be heated can flow.
  • the flow heater has a liquid inlet 3 and a liquid outlet 4, which are formed by the hood 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the housing base 1, preferably in the form of a base plate, is made of metal, for example an aluminum-based alloy, and the hood 2 is made of plastic.
  • Fig. 3 is shown as a detail of a plan view of the rear of the housing bottom 1, the left PTC heater 10 being shown without spring element 5 and insulation layer for better illustration.
  • the housing base 1 carries a plurality of PTC heaters 10 on its rear side facing away from the hood 2.
  • the PTC heaters 10 are pressed against the housing base 1 by a spring element 5.
  • the spring elements 5 are made of metal, for example an aluminum-based alloy, and generate a spring force which presses the PTC heater 10 against the housing base 1.
  • the spring elements 5 are thereby with two strip-shaped contact surfaces 5b on the housing base 1 in a thermally conductive manner.
  • the contact surfaces 5b are at least half as large, preferably at least 2/3 as large as the surface of the PTC resistors tensioned therewith facing the spring element. This ensures good heat transfer from the top of the PTC resistors via the spring element 5 to the housing base 1.
  • the spring elements 5 are caulked, in particular riveted, to the housing base 1.
  • the housing base 1 is formed in one piece with rivets 6, which protrude through corresponding openings 5a of the spring elements 5.
  • the openings 5a are arranged in the area of the contact surfaces 5b.
  • the housing base 1 is a plate-shaped extruded part and carries heat release projections in the form of pins 8 on its inside facing the hood 2.
  • the pins 8 are arranged in several rows next to one another and protrude as heat release pins into the interior of the housing through which the liquid to be heated can flow. On the way from the liquid inlet 3 to the liquid outlet 4, the liquid to be heated flows past the heat emission pins 8 and thereby absorbs the heat generated by the PTC heaters 10.
  • a cover not shown in the figures, which covers the PTC heater 10 and thus insulates it thermally and electrically from the environment, can additionally be attached to the housing base 1.
  • the cover can have openings which are aligned with the openings 9 of the housing base 1 and the hood 2, so that the housing base 1, hood 2 and cover can be connected to one another by screws.
  • the housing base 1 can be designed with additional rivets, by means of which the hood 2 and, if present, the cover can be riveted to the housing base 1.
  • a circumferential sealing ring can be arranged between the housing base 1 and the hood 2.
  • the PTC heaters 10 contain one or more ceramic PTC heating resistors and a contact element 11 which rests against the PTC heating resistor or resistors.
  • the contact element 11 can be used as a contact plate can be formed which is covered with an insulation layer, for example a ceramic plate, and is thereby electrically insulated from the spring element 5 located above it.
  • the housing base 1, on which the PTC heating resistor rests flat is used as the ground contact. If the housing base 1 is not used as an electrical contact, a second contact plate can be provided so that the PTC heating resistor (s) are / are arranged between the two contact plates.
  • the PTC heating resistor (s) and the contact element (s) and insulation layer (s) can be held by a plastic frame 12.
  • the plastic frame 12 forms two pegs 12a which protrude through openings in the contact plate 11 and thus fix the contact plate in a manner secure against displacement and rotation.
  • the contact plate has a bent extension 11a, which is connected via a rivet 15 and a ring cable lug 14 to a line (not shown) for the electrical supply.
  • the plastic frame 12 has three arms 12b which press elastically against projections 13 of the housing base 1, for example in the form of pins.
  • the plastic frame 12 is thus also fastened to the projections 13 of the housing bottom 1 in a manner that is secure against displacement and rotation. This type of fastening is also advantageous with regard to manufacturing tolerances of the various individual parts and allows the PTC heater to be fixed even before the spring element is installed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Chauffe-eau instantané, en particulier pour véhicule automobile, comportant
    un boîtier qui présente une entrée de liquide (3) et une sortie de liquide (4), un espace intérieur à travers lequel le liquide à chauffer peut s'écouler et une base de boîtier (1) qui porte des protubérances de dégagement de chaleur (8) dépassant en saillie à l'intérieur à travers lesquelles le flux peut s'écouler,
    un dispositif de chauffage PTC (10) qui contient au moins une résistance chauffante PTC et un élément de contact (11),
    un élément à ressort (5) qui génère une force de ressort qui presse le dispositif de chauffage PTC (10) contre la base du boîtier (1),
    dans lequel le boîtier présente un capot (2) qui repose sur la base du boîtier (1) et forme l'entrée de liquide (3) et la sortie de liquide (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la base du boîtier (1) est en métal,
    l'élément à ressort (5) est en métal et est verrouillé ou maté sur la base du boîtier (1) et
    l'élément à ressort (5) est configuré comme un étrier avec des surfaces de contact (5b) sur les deux côtés sur la base du boîtier (1).
  2. Chauffe-eau instantané selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capot (2) est en plastique.
  3. Chauffe-eau selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le capot (2) présente des parois de séparation faisant saillie vers l'intérieur et influençant le trajet d'écoulement de l'entrée de liquide (3) à la sortie de liquide (4).
  4. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de contact (5b) de l'élément à ressort (5) conçu sous la forme d'un étrier sur la base du boîtier (1) sont deux fois moins grandes, de préférence au moins 2/3 aussi grandes que la surface de la résistance chauffante PTC du chauffage PTC (10) faisant face à l'élément à ressort (5).
  5. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de ressort (5) est maté sur la base du boîtier (1) au moyen de rivets (6), dans lequel les rivets (6) sont formés en un seul tenant avec la base de boîtier (1).
  6. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les protubérances de dégagement de chaleur (8) sont disposées en plusieurs rangées les unes à côté des autres.
  7. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la base du boîtier (1) porte au moins 10 protubérances de dégagement de chaleur (8) à l'intérieur desquelles le liquide à chauffer peut s'écouler, de préférence au moins 20 protubérances de dégagement de chaleur (8).
  8. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la base du boîtier (1) est réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce extrudée et des protubérances de dissipation thermique (8) sont formés á une côté pour augmenter la surface de contact avec le liquide, et des protubérances (6) sont formés á l'autre côté pour la fixation des éléments chauffants PTC (10).
  9. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un couvercle est fixé au fond du boîtier (1) qui recouvre le réchauffeur PTC (10) et l'élément à ressort (5).
  10. Chauffe-eau instantané selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le chauffe-eau PTC (10) présente un cadre en plastique (12) qui maintient la résistance chauffante PTC et un élément de contact (11), dans lequel la base du boîtier (1) dépasse en saillie des protubérances (13), sur Lequelles le cadre en plastique (12) est fixé.
  11. Chauffe-eau instantané selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le cadre en plastique (12) comporte des bras (12b) qui viennent en appui contre les protubérances (13).
  12. Chauffe-eau instantané selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le cadre en plastique (12) comporte une ou plusieurs tiges (12a) qui dépassent en saillie à travers une ouverture ménagée dans l'élément de contact (11).
EP19207336.9A 2018-11-08 2019-11-06 Chauffe-eau instantané Active EP3650778B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018127862.4A DE102018127862A1 (de) 2018-11-08 2018-11-08 Durchlauferhitzer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3650778A1 EP3650778A1 (fr) 2020-05-13
EP3650778B1 true EP3650778B1 (fr) 2021-07-28

Family

ID=68470308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19207336.9A Active EP3650778B1 (fr) 2018-11-08 2019-11-06 Chauffe-eau instantané

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3650778B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018127862A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022112548A1 (de) * 2022-05-19 2023-11-23 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Rohrheizung

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202006019291U1 (de) * 2006-12-21 2007-02-22 Wu, Chia-Hsiung, Taipei Eine Wasserheizvorrichtung mit Eigenantrieb
EP2022687A1 (fr) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-11 Chia-Hsiung Wu Chauffage pour fluides de véhicule
DE102009038978A1 (de) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-03 Beru Ag Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen von Flüssigkeiten
DE102011003296A1 (de) 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
EP2637474B1 (fr) * 2012-03-08 2016-08-17 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant
JP2014225348A (ja) 2013-05-15 2014-12-04 三菱重工オートモーティブサーマルシステムズ株式会社 熱媒体加熱装置およびその製造方法並びにそれを用いた車両用空調装置
JP6675937B2 (ja) * 2016-06-10 2020-04-08 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 熱媒体加熱装置およびこれを用いた車両用空調装置
DE102017103039B3 (de) * 2017-02-15 2018-06-07 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizeinheit zum Beheizen von Flüssigkeiten in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE102017209568A1 (de) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizvorrichtung
DE102018105222A1 (de) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung

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EP3650778A1 (fr) 2020-05-13
DE102018127862A1 (de) 2020-05-14

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