EP3650778A1 - Chauffe-eau instantané - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau instantané Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3650778A1
EP3650778A1 EP19207336.9A EP19207336A EP3650778A1 EP 3650778 A1 EP3650778 A1 EP 3650778A1 EP 19207336 A EP19207336 A EP 19207336A EP 3650778 A1 EP3650778 A1 EP 3650778A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing base
ptc
heater according
spring element
projections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19207336.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3650778B1 (fr
Inventor
Oleg Kexel
Patrick Le Coent
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3650778A1 publication Critical patent/EP3650778A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3650778B1 publication Critical patent/EP3650778B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1827—Positive temperature coefficient [PTC] resistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/24—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical instantaneous water heater for liquids.
  • Electric instantaneous water heaters can be used in motor vehicles to heat coolant as long as the coolant in the affected cooling circuit is not yet heated by the engine waste heat.
  • the heated cooling liquid can then again serve to thaw or warm up a fluid in a container by passing a line with the heated cooling water through the container.
  • Instantaneous water heaters for motor vehicles generally have a housing which has a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and an interior space through which liquid to be heated can flow.
  • PTC heaters are arranged in this interior.
  • Such instantaneous water heaters allow a very good utilization of the generated ones Warmth, but have a complex structure and are therefore complex to manufacture.
  • the object of the present invention is to show a way in which a water heater for motor vehicles can be created which heats liquid with low heat losses and enables simple production.
  • the PTC heater is not arranged in the interior of the housing through which the liquid to be heated can flow, but is located on the outside of the housing, which enables a much simpler production than is the case with water heaters which are inside in a housing through which the fluid can flow are arranged.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heater is therefore only released on one side to the liquid to be heated, while the other side of the PTC heater releases heat to the surroundings, ie leads to heat losses.
  • excellent utilization of the heat generated is achieved, since the PTC heater is thermally very efficiently coupled to the liquid to be heated in the interior of the housing.
  • the PTC heater is pressed against a metal housing base using a metal spring element.
  • the PTC heater has good thermal contact with the housing base, so that heat can be efficiently transferred to the housing base from its front side facing the housing base, on the other hand, heat can also be dissipated from the rear of the PTC heater to the housing base via the spring element.
  • the spring element is preferably made of an alloy based on aluminum, for example a spring-hard alloy such as AlMgSi. Aluminum alloys have a good thermal conductivity, so that heat generated by the PTC heater can then advantageously also be dissipated via the spring element.
  • the Spring element can be produced, for example, as a sheet metal part or as an extruded part.
  • the spring element is preferably designed as a bracket with contact surfaces on both sides of the housing base, in particular strip-shaped contact surfaces.
  • the contact surfaces of a bracket together are at least half as large, in particular at least 2/3 as large as the surface of the PTC heating resistors held therewith facing the spring element.
  • the housing base has heat-emitting projections, for example pins, which protrude into the interior of the housing and are washed around by the liquid to be heated.
  • the pins provide an advantageously large contact area between the housing base and the liquid.
  • the heat release projections are preferably arranged in a plurality of rows arranged next to one another, for example as a matrix or a two-dimensional grid.
  • the heat dissipation projections are advantageously arranged in at least five rows, each of which contains at least five heat dissipation projections.
  • the housing base can be manufactured inexpensively as an extruded part, in particular by a combined forward and backward extrusion.
  • the number of pins can be easily adapted to the requirements of a specific application.
  • the housing base has at least 10 pins, preferably at least 20 pins.
  • the upstanding pins have an average height of 5mm to 15mm, especially 5mm to 10mm, and / or an average cross-sectional area of 1.5 mm 2 to 10 mm 2, in particular 2 mm to 6mm 2. 2 Both together result in good heat transfer, especially for liquids, because has shown that long, thin pencils are rather disadvantageous in contrast to the heat given off in air.
  • the spring element is locked or caulked to the housing base.
  • the spring element can be fastened to the housing base by being clipped onto the housing base.
  • the spring element is fastened to the housing base by caulking, for example by means of fastening devices such as rivets.
  • the rivets can be formed in one piece with the housing base, which enables simple manufacture.
  • a housing base with integrated pins or projections, which can be used as rivets, can be produced, for example, by extrusion.
  • An extruded part as the housing base thus has projections on one side of the housing base for increasing the contact area with the fluid, on the other side projections or rivets for attaching PTC heaters to the housing base.
  • the rivets can be inserted through openings in the spring element, preferably in the area of the contact surfaces, and then caulked, so that the spring element is then riveted to the housing part.
  • the spring element is preferably riveted under tension.
  • the spring element and the housing base are still pressed.
  • the contact pressure can be increased even further and the heat transfer can be further improved.
  • the housing has a hood which sits on the housing base and forms the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.
  • the hood is preferably made of plastic and therefore inexpensive, for example made of polyamide or a heat-stabilized plastic, ie a plastic with heat stabilizing additives, or a high temperature resistant plastic such as PPS.
  • the housing can be a two-part housing, that is to say consist of the housing base and hood, or have further parts.
  • a circumferential seal for example a sealing ring, is preferably arranged between the housing base and the hood.
  • the hood preferably has a flange for attachment to the housing base.
  • the flange may have openings for fasteners.
  • the hood can be fastened to the metallic housing base by protrusions of the housing base designed as rivets reaching through corresponding openings in the flange of the hood.
  • the hood and the housing base can also be connected to one another, for example, by screws that reach through openings in the housing base and openings in the flange of the hood.
  • the housing base is preferably made of an alloy based on aluminum and can be protected with a plastic layer from contact with a liquid to be heated, for example by a powder coating or a coating produced by electrophoresis.
  • the housing base can also be covered with an anodized layer.
  • An anodized layer can also advantageously be used to electrically isolate the housing base from the PTC heater. If the housing base is covered with a plastic layer, this preferably has a recess in which the PTC heater is seated, so that the heat coupling of the PTC heater to the metal housing base is affected as little as possible.
  • the PTC resistors are preferably located directly on the housing base. This is particularly advantageous if the housing base is an extruded part. In this case, the surface is very even and very good heat transfer from the PTC resistor to the housing base is achieved even without a compensating element.
  • the housing base can be partially or completely covered with a lacquer layer.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that a cover is attached to the housing base, which covers the PTC heater.
  • the PTC heater can be thermally and electrically isolated from the environment. This allows the efficiency of the instantaneous water heater to be increased even further and open live parts on the outside can be prevented.
  • the hood has partition walls projecting into the interior, which define the flow path from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet.
  • the dividing walls can form deflection devices or dividers which influence and direct the flow in their direction.
  • the deflection devices or dividers extend to the bottom of the housing. Such deflection devices or dividers can, for example, be attached to an inner surface of the hood.
  • the PTC heater has a plastic frame which holds the at least one PTC heating resistor and the at least one contact element.
  • the plastic frame preferably has pins which project through openings in the contact element.
  • the plastic frame can fix a contact element, in particular a contact element in the form of a contact plate.
  • the plastic frame can surround and hold the PTC heating resistor or the PTC heating resistors.
  • it preferably also holds an insulating layer, for example a ceramic plate, resting on the contact plate.
  • the PTC heater can be fixed, in particular clamped, on the housing base.
  • the plastic frame can have openings or depressions into which the projections engage.
  • the housing base preferably has projections, for example in the form of pegs, resiliently pressing against the arms of the plastic frame.
  • projections for example in the form of pegs, resiliently pressing against the arms of the plastic frame.
  • this fastening is less susceptible to problems due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • the PTC heater can be fixed to the housing base during the production of the instantaneous water heater before the spring element covering the PTC heater is locked or caulked to the housing base.
  • the instantaneous water heater shown is used for heating liquids in a motor vehicle, for example for heating water or aqueous solutions.
  • the instantaneous water heater has a housing base 1 which, together with a hood 2 placed on the housing base 1, delimits an interior space through which a liquid to be heated can flow.
  • the water heater has a liquid inlet 3 and a liquid outlet 4, which are formed by the hood 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the housing base 1, preferably in the form of a base plate, is made of metal, for example an aluminum-based alloy, and the hood 2 is made of plastic.
  • Fig. 3 a detail of a top view of the rear of the housing base 1 is shown, the left PTC heater 10 being shown without spring element 5 and insulation layer for better illustration.
  • the housing base 1 carries on its rear side facing away from the hood 2 a plurality of PTC heaters 10.
  • the PTC heaters 10 are pressed by a spring element 5 against the housing base 1.
  • the spring elements 5 are made of metal, for example an aluminum-based alloy, and generate a spring force which presses the PTC heater 10 against the housing base 1.
  • the spring elements 5 are located here with two strip-shaped contact surfaces 5b in a heat-conducting manner on the housing base 1.
  • the contact surfaces 5b are at least half as large, preferably at least 2/3 as large as the surface of the PTC resistors braced therewith facing the spring element. This ensures good heat transfer from the top of the PTC resistors via the spring element 5 to the housing base 1.
  • the spring elements 5 are caulked to the housing base 1, in particular riveted.
  • the housing base 1 is formed in one piece with rivets 6 which protrude through corresponding openings 5a in the spring elements 5.
  • the openings 5a are arranged in the region of the contact surfaces 5b.
  • the housing base 1 is a plate-shaped extruded part and carries on its inside facing the hood 2 heat release projections in the form of pins 8.
  • the pins 8 are arranged in several rows next to one another and project as heat release pins into the interior of the housing through which liquid to be heated can flow. On the way from the liquid inlet 3 to the liquid outlet 4, liquid to be heated flows past the heat release pins 8 and thereby absorbs the heat generated by PTC heaters 10.
  • a cover (not shown in the figures) can be fastened to the housing base 1, which covers the PTC heater 10 and is thus thermally and electrically insulated from the surroundings.
  • the cover can have openings which are aligned with the openings 9 of the housing base 1 and the hood 2, so that the housing base 1, hood 2 and the cover can be connected to one another by screws.
  • the housing base 1 can be designed with additional rivets, by means of which the hood 2 and — if present — the cover can be riveted to the housing base 1.
  • a circumferential sealing ring can be arranged between the housing base 1 and the hood 2.
  • the PTC heaters 10 contain one or more ceramic PTC heating resistors and a contact element 11 which bears against the PTC heating resistors.
  • the contact element 11 can be used as a contact plate can be formed, which is covered with an insulation layer, for example a ceramic plate, and is thereby electrically insulated from the spring elements 5 lying above it.
  • the housing base 1 is used as the ground contact, on which the PTC heating resistor lies flat. If the housing base 1 is not used as an electrical contact, a second contact plate can be provided, so that the PTC heating resistor (s) are arranged between the two contact plates.
  • the PTC heating resistor (s) and the contact element (s) and insulation layers can be held by a plastic frame 12.
  • the plastic frame 12 forms two pins 12a which protrude through openings in the contact plate 11 and thus fix the contact plate so that it cannot move and rotate.
  • the contact plate has a bent extension 11a, which is connected via a rivet 15 and a ring cable lug 14 to a line (not shown) for the electrical supply.
  • the plastic frame 12 has three arms 12b, which press elastically against projections 13 of the housing base 1, for example in the form of pins. The plastic frame 12 is thus also secured against displacement and rotation to the projections 13 of the housing base 1. This type of fastening is also advantageous with regard to the manufacturing tolerances of the various individual parts and allows the PTC heater to be fixed even before the spring element is installed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP19207336.9A 2018-11-08 2019-11-06 Chauffe-eau instantané Active EP3650778B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018127862.4A DE102018127862A1 (de) 2018-11-08 2018-11-08 Durchlauferhitzer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3650778A1 true EP3650778A1 (fr) 2020-05-13
EP3650778B1 EP3650778B1 (fr) 2021-07-28

Family

ID=68470308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19207336.9A Active EP3650778B1 (fr) 2018-11-08 2019-11-06 Chauffe-eau instantané

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3650778B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018127862A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4279833A1 (fr) * 2022-05-19 2023-11-22 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage de tuyaux

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202006019291U1 (de) * 2006-12-21 2007-02-22 Wu, Chia-Hsiung, Taipei Eine Wasserheizvorrichtung mit Eigenantrieb
EP2295886A2 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-16 BorgWarner BERU Systems GmbH Dispositif de chauffage de liquides
DE102011003296A1 (de) 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
EP2637474A1 (fr) * 2012-03-08 2013-09-11 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant
US20160069588A1 (en) 2013-05-15 2016-03-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Automotive Thermal Systems Co., Ltd. Heat medium heating device, method of manufacturing same, and vehicle air conditioning device using same
WO2017212664A1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 三菱重工オートモーティブサーマルシステムズ株式会社 Dispositif de chauffage de milieu de chauffage et climatiseur de véhicule l'utilisant
DE102017103039B3 (de) * 2017-02-15 2018-06-07 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizeinheit zum Beheizen von Flüssigkeiten in einem Kraftfahrzeug

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2022687A1 (fr) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-11 Chia-Hsiung Wu Chauffage pour fluides de véhicule
DE102017209568A1 (de) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizvorrichtung
DE102018105222A1 (de) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202006019291U1 (de) * 2006-12-21 2007-02-22 Wu, Chia-Hsiung, Taipei Eine Wasserheizvorrichtung mit Eigenantrieb
EP2295886A2 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-16 BorgWarner BERU Systems GmbH Dispositif de chauffage de liquides
DE102011003296A1 (de) 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
EP2637474A1 (fr) * 2012-03-08 2013-09-11 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant
US20160069588A1 (en) 2013-05-15 2016-03-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Automotive Thermal Systems Co., Ltd. Heat medium heating device, method of manufacturing same, and vehicle air conditioning device using same
WO2017212664A1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 三菱重工オートモーティブサーマルシステムズ株式会社 Dispositif de chauffage de milieu de chauffage et climatiseur de véhicule l'utilisant
DE102017103039B3 (de) * 2017-02-15 2018-06-07 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizeinheit zum Beheizen von Flüssigkeiten in einem Kraftfahrzeug

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4279833A1 (fr) * 2022-05-19 2023-11-22 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage de tuyaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3650778B1 (fr) 2021-07-28
DE102018127862A1 (de) 2020-05-14

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