EP3783999B1 - Résistance de charge électrique - Google Patents

Résistance de charge électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3783999B1
EP3783999B1 EP20191573.3A EP20191573A EP3783999B1 EP 3783999 B1 EP3783999 B1 EP 3783999B1 EP 20191573 A EP20191573 A EP 20191573A EP 3783999 B1 EP3783999 B1 EP 3783999B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
load resistor
electrical load
combustion engine
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20191573.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3783999A1 (fr
Inventor
Patrick Kachelhoffer
Kurt Walz
Christof Lausser
Markus Stollhof
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3783999A1 publication Critical patent/EP3783999A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/068—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for warming-up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/04—Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/24—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/026—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/24—Control of the engine output torque by using an external load, e.g. a generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/023—Engine temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical load resistor.
  • the parts of an internal combustion engine are subject to thermal expansion.
  • the parts are usually manufactured so that they have the optimal fit at the operating temperature of the combustion engine.
  • the piston only becomes absolutely cylindrical at operating temperature and can rest on its entire surface in the cylinder.
  • the parts do not fit together optimally and wear is higher than at operating temperature.
  • the fuel condenses on the cold cylinder wall. To compensate for this, more fuel must be added, which increases consumption and pollutant emissions.
  • the engine oil is also too viscous when cold to lubricate well.
  • the catalytic converter only works efficiently when the exhaust gases reach a certain minimum temperature.
  • EP 1 872 986 A1 (CATEM GMBH & CO KG [DE]) January 2, 2008 (2008-01-02) discloses an electric heating device for use in a motor vehicle, which accordingly acts as a load resistor and has inlets and outlets for the medium to be heated.
  • EP 2 440 004 A1 (EBERSPAECHER CATEM GMBH & CO [DE]) April 11, 2012 (2012-04-11) discloses a heater for liquid media with inlet and outlet openings and heating fins that are directly wetted by the medium.
  • the present invention proposes an electrical load resistor with the features of claim 1.
  • the electrical load resistor according to the present invention has a closed housing having at least one U-shaped receiving pocket in which a PTC heating element is housed.
  • the PTC heating element has at least one PTC element and at least one contact plate electrically conductively connected to the PTC element for energizing the PTC element.
  • the housing usually forms several U-shaped receiving pockets, with one PTC heating element usually being provided in each receiving pocket.
  • the PTC heating element has several PTC elements that are energized via the contact plate.
  • the contact plate has a connecting lug for plug-in contacting of the PTC element or elements.
  • the PTC heating element rests in a heat-conducting manner at least on opposite main side surfaces of the receiving pocket, with the connecting lug of the contact plate protruding beyond the receiving pocket.
  • a closed housing is to be understood in particular as a housing that has no openings for the inlet or outlet of a medium.
  • the closed housing usually only has an insertion opening for inserting the PTC heating elements into the housing, which is usually closed by a housing cover, and a feed-through opening through which at least one electrical cable seals for connecting the PTC heating element(s). is passed through.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heating elements is therefore not transferred to a medium that circulates through the housing, but is absorbed by the housing, which is usually made of a good heat-conducting material.
  • the housing completely encapsulates the PTC heating elements.
  • the housing can be made of metal, in particular aluminum, or ceramic, for example.
  • the receiving pockets can extend into a chamber which can be filled with a heat-storing filling, such as cement or sand. Since the housing is closed, it can absorb a large amount of heat in a short period of time.
  • external surfaces of the housing form the only interfaces of the electrical load resistor for dissipating heat.
  • boundary surfaces are to be understood as meaning the outer walls of the housing but also surfaces formed by partition walls running within the housing.
  • heat-emitting surfaces of the housing are only provided on the outside of the housing.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heating elements is introduced into the housing by heat-conducting contact with an inner surface of an outer wall of the housing and is radiated via the outer surface of the outer wall of the housing by thermal radiation.
  • the thickness of the outer wall of the housing may vary and is usually chosen so that the housing has sufficient mass to absorb an amount of heat of 20 to 30 kJ, preferably 23 to 27 kJ and very preferably 25 kJ, within 20 s can.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heating elements is radiated directly through the housing to the environment, which improves the heat absorption and heat release capacity. Large amounts of heat can be generated and absorbed in a short time without the electrical load resistor itself suffering damage from overheating or causing damage to other parts.
  • the housing is designed as a heat sink.
  • the receiving pocket is exposed as a cooling fin on the outside of the housing.
  • the outsides of the opposing main side surfaces of the receiving pocket are generally completely or at least largely exposed to the ambient atmosphere.
  • a plurality of receiving pockets are preferably provided in a row one behind the other, so that the housing has a substantially sinusoidal outer contour in cross section in the area of the receiving pockets.
  • the housing forms an indentation between two receiving pockets, in which an outer wall of the housing extends towards the interior of the housing.
  • the indentation is usually U-shaped and usually extends anti-parallel to the receiving pocket(s).
  • the length of the main extension direction usually corresponds to that of the receiving pockets.
  • Several indentations can also be provided between two cooling fins.
  • the housing By designing the housing as a heat sink and in particular the receiving pockets as cooling fins, the heat-emitting surface of the electrical load resistor can be increased. Possible damage due to overheating can be prevented and the heat absorption and heat dissipation capacity is further improved.
  • the well-known self-regulating properties of the PTC elements also help prevent overheating.
  • the electrical load resistor comprises a housing cover which is generally connected to the housing in a fluid-tight manner and which has at least one web for securing the plug-in contact of the PTC element.
  • the web can consist of a rubber-elastic material or at least have an area formed from such a rubber-elastic material.
  • a rubber-elastic material can be, for example, an elastomer.
  • the web can protrude like a column from a housing cover base. As a rule, the number of webs and the number of receiving pockets are identical, so that a secondary locking for the plug-in contact of the PTC elements is achieved by mounting the housing cover on the housing.
  • the housing cover is usually mounted on the side of the housing opposite the receiving pockets.
  • the web is generally provided in an extension of the receiving pocket, with a tip of the web resting on and/or encompassing a plug element that contacts the connecting lug.
  • the web also holds the PTC heating element in the receiving pocket in a positive and/or non-positive manner in the opening direction of the receiving pocket.
  • the housing cover is preferably mounted on the housing in such a way that the web exerts a compressive force on the plug element in the direction of the receiving pocket. An elastic deformation of the web can adjust any settlement amounts even during operation of the load resistor, provided that the web interacts with the plug element under elastic prestress.
  • the web preferably has a recess at its tip in which the plug element rests.
  • the housing cover usually has a plate-shaped base from which the webs protrude essentially at right angles.
  • the housing cover preferably consists of the plate-shaped base and the webs. When installed, the web usually bridges a gap or gap and keeps it partially free. This space or gap extends between the outer, usually the free end of the web, and its fastening end.
  • a cable for connecting the PTC heating element is passed through the housing in a sealing manner.
  • a sealing element that completely encloses the cable is usually provided in this through-opening of the housing.
  • the feed-through opening for the cable is usually sealed in a fluid-tight manner, so that - since the housing is closed - there is no exchange between a medium outside the housing and the inside of the housing.
  • the housing cover is also usually mounted on the housing in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the interior of the housing is therefore usually atmospherically separated from the surroundings of the housing.
  • the cable usually comprises several wires, with one wire at each end being connected to a plug element which contacts the connecting lug and rests in the recess of the web.
  • the wires of the cable can be passed separately through the feed-through opening and each be provided with an individual wire seal in the area of the feed-through opening.
  • a sealing element is provided in the feed-through opening, through which the cable is guided and which compensates to a certain extent for a tensile force acting on the cable from outside the housing.
  • the sealing element usually lies sealingly around the opening on the outside of the housing.
  • the housing meets the protection standards IP6K9K and IP67 of the ISO standard 20653:2013.
  • the electrical load resistor can be used in a wide variety of installation situations.
  • the complete encapsulation of the PTC heating elements by the housing enables them to be used, for example, in an exposed location in the engine compartment or in the wheel arch of a vehicle.
  • the PTC element is electrically conductively connected to the housing, the housing forming a ground potential for the PTC element.
  • a contact plate forming a connecting lug is provided on one side of the PTC element and is electrically insulated in the receiving pocket relative to the housing.
  • on the opposite side of the PTC element it lies electrically conductively against the housing in the receiving pocket.
  • the opposite sides are usually the main side surfaces of the PTC element.
  • the housing is part of the electrical circuit.
  • the housing usually forms a ground pole inside, which is usually electrically connected to the body of the vehicle when the electrical load resistor is used in a motor vehicle.
  • the housing is made of a material that has a specific heat capacity of at least 800 J/(K Kg) at a material temperature of 20 ° C, the housing having a weight of at least 500 g.
  • the housing is usually made of metal, especially aluminum, or ceramic.
  • the housing is very preferably made of a cast aluminum alloy, usually using a die-casting process. More preferably, the housing is made of a material that has a specific heat capacity of at least 890 J/(K Kg) at a material temperature of 20 ° C, the housing having a weight of at least 550 g.
  • the thickness of the housing walls is generally such that a surface temperature on the outside of the housing does not exceed 140 °C.
  • the electrical load resistor according to the present invention usually has an electrical power of at least 1000 W, preferably at least 1250 W.
  • the electrical load resistance generates an amount of heat of 20 to 30 kJ, preferably 23 to 27 kJ and very preferably 25 kJ within a time of 10 to 30 s, preferably 15 to 25 s and very preferably 20 s and in which Housing can save.
  • the present invention provides a device for shortening the start-up time of an internal combustion engine.
  • the device comprises the electrical load resistor according to the invention described above with at least one PTC heating element accommodated in a housing, the electrical load resistor being connected to a generator driven by the internal combustion engine and the housing being mounted on a vehicle having the internal combustion engine in such a way that the Heat generated by the device is dissipated exclusively and directly to the environment.
  • the device is also characterized by the physical arrangement of its components. Accordingly, the electrical load resistance of the device is arranged outside a positively guided medium flow and is therefore not detected or flowed around by the positively guided medium flow.
  • the exclusive and direct dissipation of heat to the environment is therefore to be understood in particular as heat release through thermal radiation and, if necessary, natural convection, which does not require forced cooling.
  • the device is usually arranged in the engine compartment of a vehicle having the internal combustion engine.
  • An electric auxiliary heater is usually also provided there for heating air flowing into a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the electric auxiliary heater is to be distinguished from the electrical load resistance of the device, since the electric auxiliary heater is flowed through by a liquid medium which heats the air flowing into the passenger compartment, or is directly flowed around by the air flowing into the passenger compartment.
  • the electrical load resistance of the device is preferably arranged at an exposed location in the engine compartment or in the wheel arch of the vehicle. It releases its heat energy into the environment. The energy is not used to heat the interior of the vehicle and/or to heat a technical component whose efficiency is enhanced at elevated temperatures.
  • the present invention specifies a method having the features of claim 9.
  • a load resistor connected to a generator driven by the internal combustion engine is operated until the measured temperature of the internal combustion engine reaches a predetermined temperature.
  • the predetermined temperature is usually the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, in particular approximately 90 ° C.
  • the load resistor is usually disconnected from the electrical energy source (the generator), usually at least until the internal combustion engine is restarted.
  • the measured temperature is usually transmitted to a control unit, which controls an actuator or a switch for coupling or decoupling the load resistor to the generator depending on the measured temperature.
  • the controlled variable for switching off the load resistor is therefore the measured temperature of the internal combustion engine, where the load resistor is switched off as soon as the measured temperature reaches the predetermined temperature, which usually corresponds to the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine.
  • the method according to the invention allows the start-up time of an internal combustion engine to be specifically shortened by connecting an additional electrical load to the generator, with the temperature of the internal combustion engine serving as a controlled variable.
  • the load resistor is operated cyclically, with a cycle including a power phase and a rest phase.
  • the power phase is a time interval in which the load resistance converts electrical energy generated by the generator into heat.
  • a rest phase is a time interval in which the generator is not loaded with the load resistance; i.e. in the rest phase, the electrical load resistance does not generate any heat.
  • a cycle consisting of a performance phase and a rest phase lasts between 30 and 120 s, preferably between 50 and 110 s and very preferably between 90 and 105 s.
  • the rest phase is usually 2 to 5 times, preferably 3 to 4 times longer as the performance phase.
  • the load resistor can be operated at high power in the power phases, which means that the internal combustion engine can be loaded with sufficient load to shorten the start-up time.
  • the Indian Fig. 1 Electrical load resistor 2 shown has a substantially cuboid housing 4 made of aluminum.
  • the housing 4 is covered with a housing cover 6 made of plastic, which closes a connection chamber.
  • the housing cover 6 is screwed to the housing 4 using screws 8.
  • a through opening 10 of the housing 4 forms, apart from the opening of the housing 4 closed by the housing cover 6, the only opening of the housing 4 to the connection chamber.
  • a sealing means 12 is provided in the through opening 10.
  • the sealing means 12 rests on the outside of the housing 4 around the through-opening with the interposition of a seal 14 and is sealed from it by means of screws 16.
  • An electrical connection cable 18 is passed through the sealant 12 in a sealing manner.
  • the electrical connection cable 18 comprises a plurality of wires 20, which are contacted with a plug 22 at their end outside the housing. A second end 24 of the connection cable is contacted with a separate plug 26.
  • the electrical load resistor 2 has fastening means 28 for fastening the cable 18, one of the fastening means 28 being provided on the housing cover.
  • the housing 4 forms four U-shaped receiving pockets 30, in each of which a PTC heating element 32 is arranged.
  • the PTC heaters are located in the receiving pockets 30 elements 32 on the housing 4 in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the receiving pockets 30 With their outside, the receiving pockets 30 at least partially form an outer wall of the housing 4.
  • At least one indentation 34 in the housing is provided between two receiving pockets 30.
  • the indentations 34 are also essentially U-shaped and aligned anti-parallel to the receiving pockets 30.
  • the receiving pockets 30 therefore form cooling fins that are at least partially exposed on the outside of the housing 4, so that the housing 4 itself is designed as a heat sink.
  • a plastic frame 36 of the PTC heating units 32 protrudes from the receiving pockets 30, in which several PTC elements 58 and a contact plate 60 which is electrically conductive to the PTC elements 58 are held (see Fig. Fig. 5 ). Furthermore, a connecting lug 38 of the contact plate protrudes from the receiving pocket 30. The connection lug 38 is electrically contacted with a plug element 40. Within the receiving pocket 30, the contact plate is usually electrically insulated from the housing by an insulating layer 62. On the side opposite the contact plate 60, the PTC elements 58 rest electrically conductively on the housing 4.
  • the plug element 40 has a crimp connection 42 with one of the wires 20 of the connecting cable 18 located on the plus/ground pole.
  • the housing 4 forms a columnar ground pole 44, which is electrically connected to a ground wire 20e of the connecting cable 18.
  • the housing 4 thus forms a ground potential for the PTC heating elements 32 and is part of a circuit that is powered in the present case by the 12V vehicle electrical system.
  • Webs 46 extend from the housing cover 6 in a column-like manner into the interior of the housing 4. These webs 46 are made in one piece on the housing cover 6 and are made of plastic. The webs 46 extend in an extension of the receiving pockets 30, with the tip of the webs 46 pointing towards the openings of the receiving pockets 30 having a U-shaped recess in which the crimp connection 42 rests.
  • the webs 46 exert a certain pressure force on the plug-in elements 40 and thus also on the PTC heating elements 32 in the direction of the receiving pocket 30. This ensures that the plug contacts are secured and the PTC heating elements 32 always rest in a heat-conducting manner in the receiving pockets 30 on the housing 4. Furthermore, the webs 46 each form a positive connection for the PTC heating elements 32 in the direction of the opening of the receiving pockets 30, so that it is prevented that the PTC heating elements 32 for example, can be lifted out of the receiving pockets 30 by vibration or the plug-in element 40 detaches from the connecting lug 38.
  • the Fig. 3 shows the components of the electrical load resistance excluding the housing 4.
  • the housing cover 6 is fastened to the housing 4 with an insert seal 48 in between.
  • Sealing element 12 also not shown, is sealed against the housing 4 with the interposition of an O-ring 50, which forms the seal 14.
  • the wires 20 of the connecting cable 18 have individual wire seals 52 at the level of the feed-through opening 10.
  • the plastic frame 36 of the PTC heating units 32 holds a wedge element 54 which, in a manner known per se, ensures a heat-conducting contact of the PTC heating unit 32 in the receiving pocket 30; see. EP 1 872 986 A1 .
  • the individual wires 20 of the connecting cable 18 are individually guided through a channel 56 of the sealing element 12.
  • the individual wire seals 52 are provided in these channels 56 and are elastically pressed by the channels in the radial direction. As a result, the through opening 10 is closed in a fluid-tight manner by the sealing element 12 and the seal 14.
  • the Fig. 5 shows the PTC heating unit 32 in detail.
  • PTC elements 58 are arranged one above the other in a row.
  • a contact plate 60 rests electrically conductively on the main side surfaces of the PTC elements 58.
  • the contact plate 60 forms the connection lug 38, which projects beyond the plastic frame 36 and thus also the receiving pocket 30 and is exposed in the connection chamber.
  • the contact plate 60 is insulated from the housing 4 by means of an insulating layer 62, which rests on the outside of the contact plate 60.
  • a sliding plate 64 is provided, on the outside of which the wedge element 54 rests.
  • the wedge element 54 is shown here in a holding position in which it is located in an insertion opening 66 of the plastic frame 36. After the wedge element 54 has been completely pushed into the plastic frame 36, it causes a heat-conducting contact between the PTC heating element 32 and the receiving pocket 30.
  • an electrically conductive ground plate 68 lies on the main side surfaces of the PTC -Elements 58. On its outside, the ground plate 68 rests electrically and thermally conductively on an inside of the receiving pocket 30.
  • the plastic frame 36 forms a stop 70, which rests on the housing 4 around the opening to the receiving pocket 30.
  • the PTC elements 58 are held and positioned in the plastic frame 36 between the ground plate 68 and the wedge element 54.
  • the PTC heating element 32 can thus be prefabricated and handled as a unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Résistance de charge électrique (2) avec un boîtier fermé (4) présentant au moins une poche de réception (30) en forme de U, dans lequel est logé au moins un élément chauffant PTC (32), qui présente au moins un élément PTC (58) et au moins une tôle de contact (60) reliée de manière électriquement conductrice à l'élément PTC (58) pour l'alimentation en courant de l'élément PTC (58), la tôle de contact (60) présentant une languette de raccordement (38) pour la mise en contact par enfichage de l'élément PTC (58), l'élément chauffant PTC (32) s'appliquant de manière thermoconductrice au moins sur des surfaces latérales principales opposées de la poche de réception (30) et la languette de raccordement (38) dépassant de la poche de réception (30), caractérisé en ce que des surfaces extérieures du boîtier (4) forment les seules surfaces limites de la résistance de charge électrique (2) pour la dissipation de chaleur.
  2. Résistance de charge électrique (2) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la poche de réception (30) est exposée en tant qu'ailette de refroidissement sur un côté extérieur du boîtier (4).
  3. Résistance de charge électrique (2) selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce qu'entre deux ailettes de refroidissement, il est prévu au moins un renfoncement (34) d'une paroi extérieure du boîtier (4).
  4. Résistance électrique de charge (2) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par un couvercle de boîtier (6) qui présente une nervure (46) pour le verrouillage secondaire du contact enfichable de l'élément PTC (58).
  5. Résistance électrique de charge (2) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un câble (18) pour le raccordement de l'élément chauffant PTC (32) est passé de manière étanche à travers le boîtier (4).
  6. Résistance électrique de charge (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'élément PTC (58) est relié de manière électriquement conductrice au boîtier (4), lequel constitue un potentiel de masse pour l'élément PTC (58).
  7. Résistance de charge électrique (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (4) est réalisé dans un matériau présentant une résistivité thermique inférieure d'au moins 800 J/(K*Kg) à une température de matériau de 20°C et en ce que le boîtier (4) a un poids d'au moins 500 g.
  8. Dispositif de réduction du temps de démarrage d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant une résistance électrique de charge (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel
    la résistance électrique de charge (2) est raccordée à un générateur entraîné par le moteur à combustion interne et le boîtier (4) est monté sur un véhicule comportant le moteur à combustion interne de manière à ce que la chaleur générée par le dispositif soit exclusivement et directement évacuée dans l'environnement.
  9. Procédé de réduction du temps de démarrage d'un moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel
    on mesure la température du moteur à combustion interne et on fait fonctionner une résistance de charge (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, raccordée à un générateur entraîné par le moteur à combustion interne, jusqu'à ce que la température mesurée du moteur à combustion interne atteigne une température prédéterm inée.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de charge (2) fonctionne de manière cyclique, un cycle comprenant une phase de puissance et une phase de repos.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le cycle dure entre 30 et 120s et/ou la phase de repos est 2 à 5 fois plus longue que la phase de puissance.
EP20191573.3A 2019-08-20 2020-08-18 Résistance de charge électrique Active EP3783999B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019212443.7A DE102019212443A1 (de) 2019-08-20 2019-08-20 Elektrischer Lastwiderstand

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3783999A1 EP3783999A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
EP3783999B1 true EP3783999B1 (fr) 2024-03-06

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EP20191573.3A Active EP3783999B1 (fr) 2019-08-20 2020-08-18 Résistance de charge électrique

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US (1) US11473548B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3783999B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112423412B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019212443A1 (fr)

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JPS60112281A (ja) 1983-11-18 1985-06-18 松下電工株式会社 ヒ−タ
ES2057952T3 (es) * 1991-08-12 1994-10-16 Siemens Matsushita Components Dispositivo de calefaccion para calentar medios circulantes.
DE10310301A1 (de) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Steuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors in einem Start-Stopp-Betrieb
US7007460B2 (en) * 2003-08-11 2006-03-07 General Motors Corporation Apparatus and method for accelerated exhaust system component heating
DE102005032823A1 (de) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-18 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Tankheizung
EP2127924B1 (fr) 2006-06-28 2011-01-05 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique
ES2370156T3 (es) * 2006-10-25 2011-12-13 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositivo de calefacción eléctrico y procedimiento para la fabricación del mismo.
US20110240631A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2011-10-06 Michael Luppold Electrical heating unit, particularly for cars
EP2440004B1 (fr) 2010-10-08 2015-02-25 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique
BE1020669A5 (fr) * 2012-01-04 2014-03-04 Zelitec Group S A R L Dispositif de prechauffage de fluide notamment de fluide refroidissement de moteur a combustion.
DE102012204106A1 (de) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wärmeverteilkörper für eine Heizung eines SCR-Systems und Heizung
DE102013212205B4 (de) * 2013-06-26 2024-02-08 Türk & Hillinger GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Heizpatrone
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DE102016224296A1 (de) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-07 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische heizvorrichtung
DE202018101634U1 (de) * 2018-03-23 2018-04-03 Türk & Hillinger GmbH Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von elektrischer Energie in Wärme und elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit einer solchen Vorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112423412B (zh) 2023-04-07
US11473548B2 (en) 2022-10-18
US20210054819A1 (en) 2021-02-25
EP3783999A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
CN112423412A (zh) 2021-02-26
DE102019212443A1 (de) 2021-02-25

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