EP3650428B1 - Method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass - Google Patents
Method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3650428B1 EP3650428B1 EP17917029.5A EP17917029A EP3650428B1 EP 3650428 B1 EP3650428 B1 EP 3650428B1 EP 17917029 A EP17917029 A EP 17917029A EP 3650428 B1 EP3650428 B1 EP 3650428B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- obtaining
- biomass
- vegetable
- glycol
- vegetable biomass
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Histamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CN=CN1 NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermidine Chemical compound NCCCCNCCCN ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001340 histamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940063673 spermidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, where vegetable biomass is understood to be the vegetable residues, for example of agricultural crops, obtained once the production or growth cycle has finished.
- the method of the invention permits the transformation of this solid biomass into a liquid fertiliser solution that can be easily metered, for example via fertigation, thereby revaluing, for example, crop waste that would otherwise be eliminated in incinerators or similar.
- One of the main problems of these vegetable and fruit residues in the horticultural sector is that the production thereof is highly concentrated in time and, furthermore, the composition thereof does not always facilitate management due to the high moisture content, raffia and wire remnants, etc.
- the production of horticultural crops in greenhouses implies uprooting the crop at the end of the growing season (in May and June) and after the autumn cycle (January to March), if two crop cycles are carried out, which entails the generation of a large amount of vegetable residues that causes management problems in areas with a high concentration of this type of production.
- the crop residues generated in greenhouses includes stalks, leaves, damaged fruit that does not fulfil the necessary quality standards or that is not marketed for market reasons and entire plants that are uprooted at the end of the crop cycles. In all cases these residues are green vegetable residues, i.e. generated from crops that are harvested before their senescence, due to which they have specific properties (vegetable residue management strategy in the Andalusian horticultural sector, Regional Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing and Rural Development. Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning, June 2016 ):
- Green manure has many advantages, namely the improvement of the physical properties of the soil, since it improves its structure and enrichment in organic matter, which will decompose and improve its fertility.
- the residues must remain in the soil for as long as it takes to decompose. This is not always possible in the transition between two crop cycles in the year, due to the need for quick planting for the spring cycle, nor is it possible in summer, between two growing seasons, since there is not enough time to form the compost in good conditions for its use, which takes between 4 to 6 months (vegetable residue management strategy in the Andalusian horticultural sector, supra).
- US 2009/0282882 A1 relates to a method for converting liquid biomass into a fertiliser product, wherein the method is especially suitable for treating waste biomass that does not include more than 20% of solid materials, wherein the process includes a step of nitrification by means of nitrifying bacteria and a chemical oxidation step in a reactor under acid conditions.
- EP 0726240 discloses the use of cadaverine and putrescine as synergetic additives in organic fertilisers.
- ES 2286917 discloses a procedure for obtaining an organic liquid fertilizer rich in humic substances from vegetable compost.
- RU 2010116035 discloses a process for the production of a concentrate of humic acid from brown coal comprising an ultrasound treatment step.
- the present invention provides a simple method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, which, in addition to avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks of conventional vegetable biomass reuse processes, makes it possible to obtain a liquid fertiliser ready to use quickly and efficiently, without needing complicated nitrification and oxidation steps, for example.
- the method of the invention comprises the steps of:
- the biomass must firstly be dried, for example in a dryer, to remove the moisture and enable milling, for example using a ball mill, since if the moisture is not removed it is impossible to obtain a homogeneous ground product with an average particle size that is as uniform as possible.
- moisture on entering the dryer usually ranges between 30% and 65% and, upon leaving the dryer, must be less than 5%.
- the particle size of the biomass initially ranges between millimetres and centimetres, and milling in this first step makes it possible to obtain an average particle size of less than 50 microns to facilitate the subsequent milling step in the liquid phase.
- step ii) a mixture of a wetting agent based on biogenic polyamines is prepared (histamine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine), a dispersant based on humic substances, an anti-foaming agent and a temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol.
- a wetting agent based on biogenic polyamines is prepared (histamine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine), a dispersant based on humic substances, an anti-foaming agent and a temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol.
- biogenic polyamines as wetting agent in the process of the invention is due mainly to the polycationic nature thereof, which allows them to bond and form complexes with polycationic molecules, such as some proteins, phospholipids and pectins, favouring the wetting of the dry biomass, in addition to their relative effectiveness in delaying plant tissue senescence ( Galston, A.W.; Kaur-Shawney, R. 1990. Polyamines in plant physiology. Plant Physiology (United States) v. 94, p. 406 ⁇ 410 ). This delay in senescence would favour maintaining the properties of the vegetable biomass subjected to the process of the invention and applied as a liquid fertiliser.
- polycationic molecules such as some proteins, phospholipids and pectins
- these biogenic polyamines are obtained according to the method described in international patent application PCT/ES2017/070353 .
- the mixture also has a dispersant based on humic substances.
- humic substances as a dispersing agent is well known and applied in literature (see, for example, " ⁇ cidos h ⁇ micos. Formas de extracities y usos" ["Humic acids. Forms of extraction and uses”]. Eng. Irina Pedroso Rodriguez, Dr Felix Juan Dom ⁇ nguez Alonso, University of Matanzas, 2006 ). Adding this dispersant makes it possible for the mixture to remain homogeneous, preventing the formation of lumps or preventing unmixed biomass residues.
- these humic substances are obtained according to the method described in international patent application PCT/ES2016/070745 .
- the anti-foaming agent added in this step of the process of the invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably selected from organic anti-foaming agents based on mineral oils, siliconised anti-foaming agents and molecular anti-foaming agents, preferably choosing organic anti-foaming agents due to their low cost.
- the anti-foaming agent will prevent foam from forming in the subsequent liquid-phase milling step.
- the temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol is not particularly limited and can be selected from monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
- the glycol used is monoethylene glycol.
- Glycol as a preservation medium against low temperatures makes it possible to control the viscosity of the final product used to maintain the viscosity of the final product and, at low temperatures that give rise to an additional increase in viscosity, fluidity-related problems are prevented.
- step iii) of the process of the invention the mixture prepared in ii) and the ground dry biomass are added to a reactor together with water and subjected to liquid-phase milling until obtaining an average particle size between 2 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- this step is carried out using horizontal mills in the liquid phase until obtaining the aforementioned particle size.
- the milled product is subjected to sonication with ultrasound to ensure a homogeneous size of less than 10 ⁇ m.
- this sonication is carried out using ultrasound with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz and may reach up to 510 8 Hz.
- Viscosity can be adjusted in accordance with the type of vegetable biomass treated and the fluidity of the product obtained in step iv), and may vary between more than 1 cPs to 10,000 cPs (measured in an aqueous solution at 21°C).
- viscosity is optionally adjusted to facilitate the application of the liquid fertiliser, depending, for example, on the size of the fertigation nozzles used, due to which the amount of thickener will depend on said application.
- the following amounts of components in mass are applied in the process of the invention: Component grams Vegetable biomass 200-800 Polyamine-based wetting agent 10-60 Dispersant based on humic substances 100-50 Glycol (Monoethylene glycol) 10-30 Anti-foaming agent 0.2-0.5 Water up to 1,000
- the method of the invention was applied, obtaining the following fertiliser formulation: Component % (m/m) Vegetable biomass 30.000 % Polyamines obtained in the process patented by FTN 10.000 % Humic substances obtained in the patent of FTN 10.000 % Glycol (e.g.: Monoethylene glycol) 0.200 % Anti-foaming agent 0.003 % Thickener 1% Water 48.797%
- the vegetable biomass treated in accordance with the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain a fertiliser which is essentially maintained in the liquid phase for the subsequent application thereof.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, where vegetable biomass is understood to be the vegetable residues, for example of agricultural crops, obtained once the production or growth cycle has finished.
- The method of the invention permits the transformation of this solid biomass into a liquid fertiliser solution that can be easily metered, for example via fertigation, thereby revaluing, for example, crop waste that would otherwise be eliminated in incinerators or similar.
- At present, there is great interest in vegetable waste management due mainly to intensive agricultural production systems, particularly management focused on an environmentally friendly production model based on reuse rather than disposal.
- One of the main problems of these vegetable and fruit residues in the horticultural sector is that the production thereof is highly concentrated in time and, furthermore, the composition thereof does not always facilitate management due to the high moisture content, raffia and wire remnants, etc.
- Thus, for example, the production of horticultural crops in greenhouses implies uprooting the crop at the end of the growing season (in May and June) and after the autumn cycle (January to March), if two crop cycles are carried out, which entails the generation of a large amount of vegetable residues that causes management problems in areas with a high concentration of this type of production.
- The crop residues generated in greenhouses includes stalks, leaves, damaged fruit that does not fulfil the necessary quality standards or that is not marketed for market reasons and entire plants that are uprooted at the end of the crop cycles. In all cases these residues are green vegetable residues, i.e. generated from crops that are harvested before their senescence, due to which they have specific properties (vegetable residue management strategy in the Andalusian horticultural sector, Regional Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing and Rural Development. Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning, June 2016):
- they have a high moisture content (up to 60% at the time of removal),
- they have a high salt content and
- they are generally easily biodegradable and generate liquid fractions that are easily leached, causing the contamination of aquifers.
- The importance of effective and clean management of these residues is inferred from these features.
- One of the ways to reuse this vegetable biomass is so-called green manure. Green manure has many advantages, namely the improvement of the physical properties of the soil, since it improves its structure and enrichment in organic matter, which will decompose and improve its fertility. By way of limitation, the residues must remain in the soil for as long as it takes to decompose. This is not always possible in the transition between two crop cycles in the year, due to the need for quick planting for the spring cycle, nor is it possible in summer, between two growing seasons, since there is not enough time to form the compost in good conditions for its use, which takes between 4 to 6 months (vegetable residue management strategy in the Andalusian horticultural sector, supra). Other strategies applied in this context are self-composting, which entails associated drawbacks, for example, lack of space in which to carry it out, and use of livestock waste which, due to the high moisture content that favours rotting and fermentation, is limited in its application (supra).
- Likewise, document
EP0672642 , "Method and nutritive composition for intensive bio-production of horticultural plants", describes a nutritive composition for the intensive production of plants containing a biomass resulting from the fermentation of algae together with 0.1-99.9% by weight of a subsidiary material or carrier, for example cellulosic polysaccharides. -
US 2009/0282882 A1 relates to a method for converting liquid biomass into a fertiliser product, wherein the method is especially suitable for treating waste biomass that does not include more than 20% of solid materials, wherein the process includes a step of nitrification by means of nitrifying bacteria and a chemical oxidation step in a reactor under acid conditions.EP 0726240 discloses the use of cadaverine and putrescine as synergetic additives in organic fertilisers.ES 2286917 RU 2010116035 - The present invention provides a simple method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, which, in addition to avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks of conventional vegetable biomass reuse processes, makes it possible to obtain a liquid fertiliser ready to use quickly and efficiently, without needing complicated nitrification and oxidation steps, for example.
- To this end, the method of the invention comprises the steps of:
- i. drying the biomass until obtaining a dry biomass with a moisture content of less than 5% and grinding it once dry until obtaining an average particle size of less than 50 microns;
- ii. preparing a mixture of a wetting agent based on biogenic polyamines (histamine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine), a dispersant based on humic substances, an anti-foaming agent and a temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol;
- iii. in a reactor, adding the mixture prepared in ii) and the ground dry biomass together with water and subjecting the mixture obtained to liquid-phase milling until obtaining an average particle size between 2 µm and 10 µm;
- iv. subjecting the milled product of step iii) to sonication with ultrasound to ensure a homogeneous size of less than 10 µm and
- v. optionally, adjusting the viscosity of the sonicated product, adding a mixture of water with a natural polysaccharide-based thickener and agitating slowly to prevent air bubbles from forming, in order to adjust the desired viscosity.
- Thus, as described above, the biomass must firstly be dried, for example in a dryer, to remove the moisture and enable milling, for example using a ball mill, since if the moisture is not removed it is impossible to obtain a homogeneous ground product with an average particle size that is as uniform as possible. Usually, moisture on entering the dryer usually ranges between 30% and 65% and, upon leaving the dryer, must be less than 5%. Likewise, the particle size of the biomass initially ranges between millimetres and centimetres, and milling in this first step makes it possible to obtain an average particle size of less than 50 microns to facilitate the subsequent milling step in the liquid phase.
- In step ii), a mixture of a wetting agent based on biogenic polyamines is prepared (histamine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine), a dispersant based on humic substances, an anti-foaming agent and a temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol.
- The use of biogenic polyamines as wetting agent in the process of the invention is due mainly to the polycationic nature thereof, which allows them to bond and form complexes with polycationic molecules, such as some proteins, phospholipids and pectins, favouring the wetting of the dry biomass, in addition to their relative effectiveness in delaying plant tissue senescence (Galston, A.W.; Kaur-Shawney, R. 1990. Polyamines in plant physiology. Plant Physiology (United States) v. 94, p. 406 ― 410). This delay in senescence would favour maintaining the properties of the vegetable biomass subjected to the process of the invention and applied as a liquid fertiliser.
- In one embodiment of the invention, these biogenic polyamines are obtained according to the method described in international patent application
PCT/ES2017/070353 - In this step ii), the mixture also has a dispersant based on humic substances. The addition of humic substances as a dispersing agent is well known and applied in literature (see, for example, "Ácidos húmicos. Formas de extracción y usos" ["Humic acids. Forms of extraction and uses"]. Eng. Irina Pedroso Rodriguez, Dr Felix Juan Domínguez Alonso, University of Matanzas, 2006). Adding this dispersant makes it possible for the mixture to remain homogeneous, preventing the formation of lumps or preventing unmixed biomass residues.
- In one embodiment of the invention, these humic substances are obtained according to the method described in international patent application
PCT/ES2016/070745 - Although the anti-foaming agent added in this step of the process of the invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably selected from organic anti-foaming agents based on mineral oils, siliconised anti-foaming agents and molecular anti-foaming agents, preferably choosing organic anti-foaming agents due to their low cost. The anti-foaming agent will prevent foam from forming in the subsequent liquid-phase milling step.
- Likewise, the temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol is not particularly limited and can be selected from monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Preferably, the glycol used is monoethylene glycol. Glycol as a preservation medium against low temperatures makes it possible to control the viscosity of the final product used to maintain the viscosity of the final product and, at low temperatures that give rise to an additional increase in viscosity, fluidity-related problems are prevented.
- In step iii) of the process of the invention, the mixture prepared in ii) and the ground dry biomass are added to a reactor together with water and subjected to liquid-phase milling until obtaining an average particle size between 2 µm and 10 µm. Preferably, this step is carried out using horizontal mills in the liquid phase until obtaining the aforementioned particle size.
- In step iv), the milled product is subjected to sonication with ultrasound to ensure a homogeneous size of less than 10 µm. Preferably, this sonication is carried out using ultrasound with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz and may reach up to 5108 Hz.
- Optionally, once milled and sonicated, water and a polysaccharide-based thickener, such as Xanthan gum or Guar gum, are added to the mixture until achieving the desired viscosity, agitating slowly to prevent air bubbles from forming. Viscosity can be adjusted in accordance with the type of vegetable biomass treated and the fluidity of the product obtained in step iv), and may vary between more than 1 cPs to 10,000 cPs (measured in an aqueous solution at 21°C). Preferably, viscosity is optionally adjusted to facilitate the application of the liquid fertiliser, depending, for example, on the size of the fertigation nozzles used, due to which the amount of thickener will depend on said application.
- In one preferred embodiment, the following amounts of components in mass are applied in the process of the invention:
Component grams Vegetable biomass 200-800 Polyamine-based wetting agent 10-60 Dispersant based on humic substances 100-50 Glycol (Monoethylene glycol) 10-30 Anti-foaming agent 0.2-0.5 Water up to 1,000 - The method of the invention was applied, obtaining the following fertiliser formulation:
Component % (m/m) Vegetable biomass 30.000 % Polyamines obtained in the process patented by FTN 10.000 % Humic substances obtained in the patent of FTN 10.000 % Glycol (e.g.: Monoethylene glycol) 0.200 % Anti-foaming agent 0.003 % Thickener 1% Water 48.797% - An assay was carried out whereby the liquid fertiliser was obtained by means of separation by decantation, introducing 100 g of biomass treated in accordance with the method of the invention in a beaker and using a laboratory centrifuge at 1,850 rpm for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the height of the decanted biomass in the beaker was measured. By way of control, a mixture with the same amount of biomass and water was used.
- The results are shown in the following table:
H0 (mm) Hf (mm) % decantation (Hf/ H0) Vegetable biomass in water (30%), control 55 35 63.6 Vegetable biomass treated according to the process of the invention (30%) 55 3 5.5 H0 = Height of the liquid in the beaker (mm); Hf = Final height of the precipitate - As follows from the results shown, the vegetable biomass treated in accordance with the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain a fertiliser which is essentially maintained in the liquid phase for the subsequent application thereof.
Claims (7)
- A method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, wherein the method comprises the following steps:i. drying the biomass until obtaining a dry biomass with a moisture content of less than 5% and grinding it once dry until obtaining an average particle size of less than 50 microns;ii. preparing a mixture of a wetting agent based on biogenic polyamines, histamine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, a dispersant based on humic substances, an anti-foaming agent and a temperature stabiliser based on a low-molecular-weight glycol;iii. in a reactor, adding the mixture prepared in ii) and the ground dry biomass together with water and subjecting the mixture obtained to liquid-phase milling until obtaining an average particle size between 2 µm and 10 µm; andiv. subjecting the milled product of step iii) to sonication with ultrasound to ensure a homogeneous size of less than 10 µm.
- The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claim 1, which also comprises the step of:
v. adjusting the viscosity of the sonicated product, adding a mixture of water with a natural polysaccharide-based thickener and agitating slowly to prevent air bubbles from forming, in order to adjust the desired viscosity. - The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the anti-foaming agent is selected from organic anti-foaming agents based on mineral oils, siliconised anti-foaming agents and molecular anti-foaming agents, preferably organic anti-foaming agents.
- The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the low-molecular-weight glycol is selected from monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
- The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claim 4, characterised in that the low-molecular-weight glycol is monoethylene glycol.
- The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claim 2, characterised in that the polysaccharide-based thickener is Xanthan gum or Guar gum.
- The method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass, according to claim 1, characterised in that the following components in mass are used: vegetable biomass 200-800 g, polyamine-based wetting agent 10-60 g, dispersant based on humic substances 50-100 g, monoethylene glycol 10-30 g, anti-foaming agent 0.2-0.5 g, water up to 1,000 g.
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PCT/ES2017/070481 WO2019008193A1 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Method for obtaining a liquid fertiliser from vegetable biomass |
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EP3650428A1 EP3650428A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
EP3650428A4 EP3650428A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
EP3650428B1 true EP3650428B1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
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EP (1) | EP3650428B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112019027951B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2902182T3 (en) |
MA (1) | MA50869B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3650428T (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019008193A1 (en) |
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US20230219864A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-07-13 | Fertinagro Biotech, S.L. | Method for the industrial manufacture of granulated fertilizers |
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EP0672642A1 (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1995-09-20 | Demeter Laszlo | Method and nutritive composition for intensive bio-production of horticultural plants |
ES2088826B1 (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-06-01 | Taguidell Sociedad Limitada | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING THE DIAMINS PUTRESCINA AND CADAVERINE FROM TREATED NATURAL PRODUCTS, THEIR USE AS AN ADDITIVE IN FERTILIZERS, AND THE CORRESPONDING FERTILIZER. |
ES2286917B1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-11-01 | Universidad De Almeria | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING LIQUID ORGANIC LIQUID RICH IN HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM COMPOST OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN. |
EP1991512A2 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2008-11-19 | Beesterzwaag Beheer B.V. | Process for the conversion of liquid waste biomass into a fertilizer product |
FR2920640B1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-12-18 | Univ Rennes | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING PLANT RESISTANCE TO STRESS AND CORRESPONDING PRODUCTS. |
RU2473527C2 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2013-01-27 | Александр Николаевич Калинин | Method of production of concentrate of humic acid from brown coal and line of production of concentrate of humic acid |
-
2017
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- 2017-07-03 EP EP17917029.5A patent/EP3650428B1/en active Active
- 2017-07-03 BR BR112019027951-2A patent/BR112019027951B1/en active IP Right Grant
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PT3650428T (en) | 2021-12-24 |
BR112019027951A2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
ES2902182T3 (en) | 2022-03-25 |
WO2019008193A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
EP3650428A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
BR112019027951B1 (en) | 2023-02-14 |
EP3650428A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
MA50869B1 (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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