DE202018104384U1 - Fertilizer for organic farming - Google Patents

Abstract

Fertilizers for organic farming containing - one or more humic acids, - an algae extract, - citric acid and - one or more plant amino acids.

Description

The present invention relates to fertilizers which comply in particular with the approval provisions for organic farming.

For the production of agricultural products that may be labeled as organic, EU legislation on organic farming defines exactly how these agricultural products and foodstuffs must be produced and produced. Relevant for the applicable fertilizers are essentially the provisions of EC Organic Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 and of Implementing Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 of 05 September 2008 (production, labeling and control). There, specifications are made for the type and origin of the permitted fertilizers and their components.

In the development of a fertilizer for organic farming is therefore limited in the selection of possible ingredients. Above all, purely synthetic active ingredients are eliminated from the outset. As a result, the effectiveness of available fertilizers for organic farming often lags behind that of conventional agricultural products.

Known in the prior art, for example, compositions of fertilizers containing humic acids and amino acids based on the positive list of the EC Eco Basic Regulation. According to the respective nutrient requirements, which the fertilizer should cover, these basic formulations are then mixed with the corresponding nitrogen sources, phosphates and metal salts. However, these fertilizers do not reach the level of specialized conventional fertilizers in their effectiveness.

The object of the present invention is to develop a corresponding fertilizer, which offers improved efficacy, but still complies with the approval criteria for organic farming and is easy to produce.

This object is achieved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are contained in the dependent claims.

The fertilizer according to the invention is characterized in that, in addition to the components of the humic acids and amino acids for the base formulation which are already known from the prior art, it also contains an extract of sea algae and citric acid.

The exact mechanism has not yet been clarified in detail. The citric acid, however, in addition to a reaction with the other constituents of the base formulation, a complexation of the metal cations of the nutrients is achieved. This leads surprisingly to the fact that the fertilizer, in particular its metal cations, is not flushed so quickly by rain and irrigation water deeper into the soil, but the plant longer on the leaves and at the roots is available. However, immobilization is not as strong as to hinder its uptake into the plant and release of nutrients there. The nutrients are therefore very plant-friendly, so that less nutrients must be applied to achieve the same effect over conventional plant nutrition. The plant is stimulated to also absorb nutrients from the soil via the root. Other benefits include promoting rooting, increasing plant productivity, reducing soil fatigue, strengthening the epidermis of the leaves, improving the plant's vitality and increasing seed germination.

The humic acids provide the soil organisms with the essential building blocks necessary for their existence and activity. The soil life is thereby stimulated in particular and improves the soil health, Gare and gas exchange. In addition, humic acids stimulate the growth of the plant. As a result, the crop is strengthened holistically against negative external influences. Humic acids act as soil improvers, as biocatalysts and as bio-stimulants for the plant. Another advantage of humic acids is their long-term effect. They are not degraded as quickly as, for example, farm manure or compost. With farmyard manure or compost, the organic matter in the soil is mineralized very quickly by microorganisms with simultaneously lower humic substance formation. The bufferability of the soil is increased by humic acids.

The sea algae contribute to the nutrition and strengthening of crops. The contained natural nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D3 , E and K, Phytohormones and auxins, promote the regulation of metabolic processes and rooting, increase the biological activity of the soil and the potential of the plants to exploit the soil nutrients. Sea algae boost the resistance and resistance to parasites, fungal diseases and soil-borne pathogens, increase frost resistance, protect against evaporation and improve the quality and storage stability of harvested products.

By combining these components by means of the reaction and complexing with the citric acid, it has been possible to combine these properties in an advantageous manner. It is completely surprising that the reaction of citric acid with the amino acids and the humic acids and the complexation of the metal ions, which lead to the formation of larger molecular structures, neither affects the functioning of the components, nor the uptake into the plant and thus the supply of nutrients hindered for the plant.

The organic fertilizers of the present invention are obtainable by a method comprising the steps of introducing water into a container with a mixing device, adding one or more humic acids and an algae extract, adding citric acid and adding an aqueous solution of one or more plant amino acids. During the addition of the individual substances, the contents of the container are mixed continuously. The addition of the next substances takes place in each case after the previous addition has dissolved and / or a homogeneous mixture has formed. Finally, a reaction time takes place with further mixing.

The reaction time is preferably 12-72 h, preferably 24-48 h, particularly preferably 36-48 h. After this time, a homogeneous and storage-stable liquid fertilizer is obtained.

Preferably, organic and / or mineral plant nutrients are added after the addition of the citric acid and before the addition of the amino acids.

The mixing is preferably carried out with a rotor / stator mixer, in particular a jet mixer. These are able to thoroughly mix and homogenize the entire container contents, the entry of air into the solution is largely avoided. In this case, speeds of 2,400 - 3,600 min ^-1 , preferably 2,500 - 2,800 min ^-1 are used. Particularly preferably, the speed should be at least 2,600 min ^-1 . With a rotor diameter of preferably 115 mm, which also allows working through a container bung hole, this results in circumferential speeds of the rotor of 14-21 m / s.

Plant nutrients are needed by plants in different amounts. Therefore, one distinguishes macronutrients, which are also called main nutrients, and micronutrients, also called trace nutrients. The macronutrients include, for example, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and calcium. Of these, the crops need about 20 - 350 kg / ha depending on the nutrient until harvest. Of the micronutrients, which include, for example, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and zinc, only about 5-1,000 g / ha are needed. The plant nutrients used in the fertilizer of the present invention are preferably used in the form of soft rock phosphate, metal citrates, metal sulfates, metal molybdates, metal oxychlorides, metal oxides, and metal carbonates. Softened raw phosphate, metal citrates, alkaline molybdate and metal sulfates are particularly preferred.

Most preferably, the fertilizer is also added calcium propionate. This is done either together with the addition of the organic and / or mineral plant nutrients or after the addition of the citric acid and before the addition of the amino acids, if no further plant nutrients are added.

In preferred embodiments of the fertilizer according to the invention, the ratio of humic acids: amino acids from 0.25: 1 to 20: 1 (wt / wt) based on the dry masses of the substances used.

Furthermore, the ratio of humic acids: algae extract is preferably from 0.7: 1 to 4: 1 (wt / wt) based on the dry masses of the substances used.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the ratio of humic acids: citric acid from 0.3: 1 to 6: 1 (wt / wt) based on the dry masses of the substances used.

Most preferably, the ratio of citric acid: metal cations of the plant nutrients is from 0.2: 1 to 180: 1 (mol / mol).

The algae extract preferably consists of brown algae and / or red algae, in particular of the cultivars Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria and / or Chondrus crispus. The algae extract is preferably obtained by cold pressing of the living algae and can then be further concentrated by removal of water.

A fertilizer for organic farming according to the invention comprises one or more humic acids, an algae extract, citric acid and one or more plant amino acids. The humic acids are preferably derived from the long-term extraction of grape marc, humus, lignite or leonardite. The amino acids are preferably from the enzymatic or physical digestion of plant substances with high protein content, such as. As rice, sugar cane, soybeans, pea, wheat or legumes generally won.

In addition, organic and / or mineral plant nutrients are additionally preferably contained in the fertilizer according to the invention. The plant nutrients are preferably used in the form of soft rock phosphate, metal citrates, metal sulfates, metal molybdates, metal oxychlorides, metal oxides and metal carbonates. Softened raw phosphate, metal citrates, alkaline molybdate and metal sulfates are particularly preferred. The metal cations are preferably selected from potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc.

In an advantageous composition of the fertilizer according to the invention, the content of citric acid is at least 0.8% by weight, in particular 0.8-10.0% by weight, preferably 1.0-5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 1 , 5 - 4.0 wt .-%.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is introduced exclusively via the vegetable amino acids.

The production of various fertilizers is described below by way of example. These examples should not be construed as limiting. They are for illustrative purposes only.

example 1

In this example, a basic fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 3% by weight was prepared without further addition of plant nutrients.

In a container equipped with a rotor / stator mixer from Ika-Werke of the type UTC150 / KD, 296 kg of water were initially charged at room temperature. The mixer was set at 2,600 min ^-1 started and 330 kg humic acid from grape pomace and 100 kg of algae concentrate from cold-pressed Laminaria algae was added and homogenized. The humic acid content of the humic acid solution was 51.3 wt .-% and the solids content of the algae concentrate 51.4 wt .-%.

Thereafter, 30 kg of citric acid were dissolved in the mixture. Subsequently, 2 kg of calcium propionate was added and stirred until it had dissolved and a homogeneous mixture had formed. 330 kg of an aqueous solution of plant amino acids were then added to the mixture. This solution is a hydrolyzate of soy, corn, rice and wheat with a content of 2.57 wt .-% amino acids.

The resulting fertilizer mixture was further mixed for a reaction time of 36 hours at room temperature.

Example 2

In this example, analogous to Example 1, a pure nitrogen fertilizer having a nitrogen content of 9% by weight was prepared.

In a container equipped with a rotor / stator mixer from Ika-Werke of the type UTC150 / KD, 520 kg of water were initially charged at room temperature. The mixer was set at 2,500 min ^-1 started and 10 kg of the humic acid from marc and 5 kg of the algae Laminaria algae concentrate from cold-pressed added and homogenized.

Thereafter, 10 kg of citric acid were dissolved in the mixture. Subsequently, 2 kg of calcium propionate was added and stirred until it had dissolved and a homogeneous mixture had formed. 640 kg of the aqueous solution of vegetable amino acids were then added to the mixture.

The resulting fertilizer mixture was further mixed for a reaction time of 38 hours at room temperature.

Example 3

In this example, a type NPK 6-2-2 fertilizer was produced, i. H. a fertilizer which according to the usual notation has a nitrogen content of 6% by weight, a phosphorus content of 2% by weight and a potassium content of 2% by weight.

In a container, which is equipped with a guide jet mixer Ystral, were presented to 170 kg of water. The mixer was set at 2400 min ^-1 and 40 kg in passage of the humic acid from grape pomace and 10 kg of algae concentrate from a mixture of cold pressed Ascophyllum Nodosum, and algae Chondrus Crispus added and homogenized. The solids content of the algae concentrate was again 40% by weight.

Thereafter, 10 kg of citric acid were dissolved in the mixture. Subsequently, 25 kg of a solution of soft-crusted rock phosphate having a solids content of 30%, 100 kg of vegetable potassium sulfate, 2 kg of calcium and 1 kg of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, anhydrous iron (II) sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate was added. The mixture was stirred until the solids had dissolved. 825 kg of the solution of vegetable amino acids were then added to the mixture.

The resulting fertilizer mixture was further mixed at room temperature for a reaction time of 24-36 hours.

Example 4

In this example, a fertilizer of the type Fe 7 was produced, i. H. a fertilizer having an iron content of 7% by weight.

In a container, which is equipped with a jet mixer Ystral, 400 kg of water were submitted to it. The mixer was set at 2,600 min ^-1 in motion, and 153 kg of the humic acid from marc and 20 kg of the algae Laminaria algae concentrate from cold-pressed added and homogenized.

Thereafter, 50 kg of citric acid was dissolved in the mixture. Subsequently, 2 kg of calcium propionate and 700 kg of anhydrous iron (II) sulfate were added. The mixture was stirred until the solids had dissolved completely. 160 kg of the solution of vegetable amino acids were then added to the mixture.

The resulting fertilizer mixture was further mixed for a reaction time of 42 hours at room temperature.

Culture experiment

With the fertilizers from Example 2 and Example 3, a comparative culture experiment was carried out with a commercial liquid fertilizer for organic farming. The reference product was the product Biovin 6-2-2 from Biovin Natural Products. For sowing lavender "Hidcote Blue" (Lavendula angustifolia "Hidcote Blue") in size V 11 pots with three different commercially available biosubstrates, each containing 50% peat substitute and a basic stock of 4 kg / m ³ substrate Homogen. Twenty-five plants per square meter were planted and from the second week irrigated irrigation processes a total of 45 times during the ebb and flow. Fertilization was uniformly based on a calculated nitrogen requirement of 500 mg per plant.

At the end of the eleven-week trial, the plants were evaluated according to the following matrix:

Investigated were the plant diameter, the number of shoots with flowers and the fresh weight of the plants. The results are summarized in the following table. plant Diameter [cm] Shoots with flowers [-] Fresh weight [g] Plant 1 19.4 (± 1.7) 5.2 (± 1.6) 49.3 (± 4.2) Plant 2 20.3 (± 1.6) 6.3 (± 1.4) 55.9 (± 5.8) Plant 3 18.9 (± 1.7) 4.9 (± 2.1) 43.8 (± 6.2) Plant 4 17.8 (± 1.1) 4.6 (± 1.9) 42.6 (± 4.4) Plant 5 19.3 (± 2.0) 5.1 (± 2.3) 48.5 (± 8.4) Plant 6 18.9 (± 1.6) 5.4 (± 1.7) 43.4 (± 5.4) Plant 7 17.9 (± 1.5) 4.1 (± 1.5) 38.7 (± 5.7) Plant 8 19.2 (± 2.0) 3.9 (± 2.7) 41.9 (± 10.2) Plant 9 18.2 (± 1.6) 2.6 (± 1.3) 33.7 (± 6.8)

As can be seen, the plants fertilized with the nitrogen fertilizer from Example 2 show the highest fresh weight and also the largest number of shoots with flowers. The plants fertilized with the fertilizer from Example 3 also show a higher fresh weight and a larger number of shoots with flowers than the commercial reference product, although approximately the same diameter of the plants. For substrate 2, the best results were obtained, which is explained by the fact that despite the same amount of horny fertilizer, it had a significantly higher soluble nitrogen content at the start of the test than the other two substrates.

Claims (11)

Containing fertilizer for organic farming - one or more humic acids, - an algae extract, - citric acid and - one or more plant amino acids. Fertilizer after Claim 1 , characterized in that in addition organic and / or mineral plant nutrients are included. Fertilizer after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the algae extract of brown algae and / or red algae, in particular from Ascophyllum Nodosum, Laminaria and / or Chondrus Crispus exists. Fertilizer after Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that the plant nutrients are selected from soft raw phosphate, metal citrates, metal sulfates, Metallmolybdaten, Metalloxychloriden, metal oxides and metal carbonates. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the content of citric acid is at least 0.8% by weight, in particular 0.8-10.0% by weight, preferably 1.0-5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 1.5-4.0% by weight. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrogen content is introduced exclusively via the plant amino acids. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium propionate. Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of humic acids: amino acids of 0.25: 1 to 20: 1 (wt / wt based on the dry masses). Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of humic acids: algae extract from 0.7: 1 to 4: 1 (wt / wt based on the dry mass). Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of humic acids: citric acid of 0.3: 1 to 6: 1 (wt / wt based on the dry matter). Fertilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of citric acid: metal cations of the plant nutrients from 0.2: 1 to 180: 1 (mol / mol).