EP3642020A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überprüfen einer fügeoberfläche - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überprüfen einer fügeoberflächeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3642020A1 EP3642020A1 EP18724838.0A EP18724838A EP3642020A1 EP 3642020 A1 EP3642020 A1 EP 3642020A1 EP 18724838 A EP18724838 A EP 18724838A EP 3642020 A1 EP3642020 A1 EP 3642020A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- joining surface
- sheet
- test
- adhesive primer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013212 metal-organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 1-[(3s,4s)-4-[8-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidin-2-yloxyphenyl)-7-fluoro-2-methylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-3-fluoropiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethanone Chemical compound CC1=NC2=CN=C3C=C(F)C(C=4C(=CC(OC=5N=CC=CN=5)=CC=4)Cl)=CC3=C2N1[C@H]1CCN(C(=O)CO)C[C@@H]1F WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009996 mechanical pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
- B29C65/8223—Peel tests
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
- B29C73/04—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements
- B29C73/10—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements using patches sealing on the surface of the article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
- F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0091—Peeling or tearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0096—Fibre-matrix interaction in composites
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for checking a joining surface of a substrate, wherein a component is to be glued to the joining surface of the substrate by means of an adhesive.
- the invention also relates to a method of bonding a substrate to such a device using the verification method.
- Fiber composite materials consist mainly of two essential components, namely a fiber material and a matrix material.
- the fiber material is usually brought into the corresponding later component form and then cured the matrix material infused into the fiber material. Curing takes place in the vast majority of cases by temperature and possibly pressurization.
- the load-bearing fibers of the fiber material are forced in their predetermined direction and form together with the hardened matrix material an integral unit for load transfer.
- fiber composite components have some disadvantages in the production compared to isotropic materials, since the component form of a fiber composite component is usually formed by appropriate molds, which represent a kind Negativab- pressure of the later component form.
- complex fiber composite components made of different components which are either made of fiber composite materials or composed of isotropic materials, to be glued together in order to be able to produce the complex geometry.
- the repair of fiber composite components can be done in local damage by gluing repair patches by first removed at the damaged site, the fiber material and matrix material of the fiber composite material and so the damaged area is prepared and then a repair patch is glued, which is glued into the resulting space and fill it up again.
- Such bonding in which at least one of the joining partners is a fiber composite component made of a fiber composite material, is not entirely uncritical with regard to certification and validation.
- high standards have to be set for such an adhesive bond in order to meet the safety requirements, especially with regard to safety-critical components.
- the particular challenge here is that a non-destructive testing of bonds or glued joints is only possible to a limited extent. At present there is no non-destructive testing method with which the bonding strength of bonds can be demonstrated.
- US Pat. No. 7,736,452 B2 discloses a method for non-destructive testing of an adhesive bond in the repair of fiber composite components, in which case the adhesive bond is checked indirectly.
- the damaged area on the fiber composite component is repaired in a first step and a corresponding glued repair patch is used.
- a test patch which has the same properties and the same material as the repair patch, adhered and loaded after curing of the adhesive bond with a corresponding force. If the test patch withstands the applied force, the durability of the repaired point is assumed.
- the object is achieved with the method for checking a joining surface according to claim 1, the method for bonding components according to claim 12 and a device according to claim 16 according to the invention.
- a method for checking a joining surface of a substrate wherein one or more components are to be glued to the joining surface of the substrate by means of an adhesive material or adhesive.
- the substrate may be a fiber composite component of a fiber composite material, wherein the fiber composite component may be made of a fiber composite material.
- a fiber composite material generically comprises a fiber material and a matrix material.
- such a fiber composite material contain other components or materials that are application-specific.
- the substrate may, however, also be another material, in particular isotropic material, such as, for example, a polymer material, metal material, organic materials and / or inorganic materials.
- duromers epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, vinyl esters, phenolic resins
- elastomers rubber, polysulphides, silicones, polyurethanes
- thermoplastics Polyetherketonke- ton, polyamide, polyester, etc.
- metal materials or alloys are in particular steel, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, non-ferrous metals, etc. into consideration.
- bones, wood and teeth can be used as organic materials.
- inorganic materials in particular glass, cement, ceramics, rocks are conceivable.
- the substrate may not be a fiber composite component made of a fiber composite material.
- a component may consist of the same material as the substrate or have such a material. However, it is also conceivable that the component consists of another material, as mentioned above, or has such a material.
- One conceivable combination which is frequently encountered in civil aviation is a substrate made of a fiber composite material onto which a component made of a metal material is to be glued.
- the component may also be a material which inherently contains an adhesive material, such as, for example, surface coatings, sealants or lacquers. It is conceivable in particular that a prepreg (preimpregnated fiber material of a fiber composite material) is placed directly on the adhesive primer and cured, in which case the matrix material of the prepreg forms the property of an adhesive.
- an adhesive primer is a material that is usually applied to the joining surface in preparation for an adhesive bond to be produced. After curing of an adhesive primer, the adhesive would be applied to the adhesive primer, so that the adhesive primer is a link between the joining surface of the component on the one hand and the adhesive on the other.
- An adhesive primer (also called a primer) serves to prepare the joining surface for subsequent bonding. In the context of the present invention, such an adhesive primer may also be those matrix materials that are part of a fiber composite material.
- the adhesive primer may be the matrix material from which the fiber composite component is made or that matrix material which is part of the fiber composite material from which the repair patch is made.
- the adhesive primer may also be that material which is to form the later adhesive layer.
- the adhesive primer and the adhesive, which is to adhere the later component to the fiber composite component can be the same material.
- the sheet-like test textile further contains a fiber material, which is preferably made of textile or non-textile raw materials and which has preferably been processed from linear structures to a sheet-like structure.
- the fiber material of the sheet-like test textile can have a non-rigid state in the uncured state of the adhesive primer.
- These may be, in particular, fiber materials which are also used for the production of fiber composite components and thus are part of fiber composite materials. It is also conceivable, however, for the fiber material to be, for example, a metallic material, which in principle is not limp, but deforms under a tensile and / or compressive load.
- the sheet-like test textile is generally provided in such a way that the fiber material of the sheet-like test fabric is already impregnated with the adhesive primer and is therefore immediately available for the subsequent steps. It is also conceivable, however, for the fiber material and adhesive primer to be provided separately and then joined together during the further process steps still to be discussed.
- the sheet-like test textile is now applied to at least a part of the joining surface of the substrate, so that the adhesive primer of the sheet-like test fabric contacts the joining surface of the substrate.
- the joining surface in other words, is thus by the adhesive primer of the sheet-like test textile wetted or occupied.
- the adhesive primer and the fiber material are applied to the substrate in one step. If both components are present separately, either the adhesive primer and then the fiber material of the test textile are applied first or the fiber material of the test textile is first applied and then the adhesive primer is applied to the fiber material. In the second case, the adhesive primer infused into the fiber material of the test fabric and then forms the boundary layer between fiber material and joining surface.
- the adhesive primer of the sheet-like test fabric is cured to cohesively connect the sheet-like test fabric to the substrate in the region of the joint surface by means of the adhesive primer.
- the curing of the adhesive primer can thus take place, for example, at room temperature or at a corresponding temperature and if appropriate pressurization.
- the primer is activated by the corresponding specific carrier, which activates the curing process and partially or completely hardens, ie consolidates, the adhesive primer.
- the sheet-like test textile was firmly bonded or glued to the substrate in the region of the joining surface by means of the adhesive primer.
- the sheet-like test fabric is pulled off the joining surface, preferably such that a force is exerted on the test fabric substantially orthogonal to the joining surface and in the direction away from the joining surface. Then, the joining surface by a qualitative evaluation of the fracture pattern or by a quantitative assessment of the removal of the sheet-like
- Test textile determined peel force are checked.
- the peel force can be removed over time and / or over the path or test path, whereby a Abziehkraftverlauf is formed over time and / or over the path.
- the review In this case, the fracture pattern means that either the joining surface of the component or the test textile or both is examined.
- the primer is separated from the substrate, whereby the poor pretreatment of the joining surface is detected.
- Correct surface pretreatment results in cohesive material separation within the primer, typically breaking up chemical chains in the adhesive primer, creating a clean surface with high surface energy. Due to the geometrical certainty of the textile, a uniform and defined surface topology is formed at the same time, which represents an optimal substrate for the subsequent bonding. Such a surface is guaranteed to be free from contamination, to prepare and pretreat the joining surface free of the "human factor" and to guarantee adhesion .
- the subsequent joining process with application of the adhesive to the primer therefore takes place under maximum process reliability, since the condition of the joining surface is known.
- the adhesive primer adheres uniformly and as a rule over the entire surface of the substrate and indicates a correct bonding of the primer to the substrate.
- the breakage during removal of the sheet-like textile takes place cohesively in the primer, so that the interface with the substrate withstands the applied load.
- the joining surface corresponds to the qualitative requirement for the bond.
- the fracture pattern has areas in which the primer on the joining surface is no longer present in parts, then the primer does not adhere to the entire surface of the joint surface, which may either be due to inadequate adhesion of the primer to the joint surface or because of the Subjacent substrate showed even more damage that were torn when tearing the test fabric with.
- the quality of the joining surface was insufficient for subsequent bonding, which was shown by the fracture pattern. of the both on the joining surface as well as on the withdrawn scholaril with the naked eye can be seen.
- There is no need for interpretation or mental activity in the evaluation of the fracture pattern since even the simple determination of uniformity of the fracture pattern is sufficient to assume a high-quality joining surface.
- a non-uniform fracture pattern which in particular has damage in the fracture surface, it is to be assumed that the bonding surface is insufficient or not perfect for subsequent bonding.
- the evaluation of the joining surface can also be performed quantitatively by determining the peel force during the removal of the sheet-like test fabric. If this peel force (for example, in relation to force / displacement) is substantially uniform and / or within a desired range and / or above a defined threshold value, then a flawless and permissible joining surface and at the same time flawless mechanical properties can be assumed. However, if the peel-off force has irregularities that show up in significant force peaks, and / or if the peel force is wholly or partially below the defined peel force, an insufficient quality of the joint surface is to be assumed (deflections of less than 30% or less than 20%). the average value is considered regular, depending on the adhesive primer).
- peel force peaks in a peel force curve are those areas in which the adhesive primer was not cohesively broken within the primer, but where the adhesive primer did not adhere to the joining surface or where parts of the substrate of the joining surface were torn.
- the maximum peel force that can occur is defined by the textile texture and the cohesive breaking strength of the adhesive primer in the desired state. If errors occur, then the peel force at the appropriate location is always less than the maximum peel force that will occur with a purely cohesive-refracting adhesive primer. In these areas, the peel force falls below a predetermined threshold (eg below the maximum peel force minus tolerance), which is immediately recognizable and suggests an insufficient joining surface. If the peel force is below the threshold value over the entire test path, a defect of the adhesive primer must be assumed.
- a predetermined threshold eg below the maximum peel force minus tolerance
- test textile can be arranged as a test specimen, for example, on an additional adhesive primer next to the repair site, which is then removed at a later time after use.
- the present invention allows the adhesive primer in film and / or film form to be applied to the substrate, so that restrictions such as particle size or viscosity of the adhesive primer play only a minor role.
- the bonding of the adhesive primer to the substrate can be mechanically checked over the entire surface in the course of the activation process.
- the present invention allows a virtually unlimited storage of the substrate before further processing, since the application of the adhesive primer and the activation are temporally decoupled. Activation takes place by removing the test fabric.
- the adhesive primer Depending on the adhesive primer, different curing mechanisms may come into play. For example, chemical reactions such as polyreactions (polyaddition, polycondensation, chain polymerization), physical reactions (Solidification, evaporation, sol-gel process) or the adhesion by pressurization conceivable. In general, the curing under defined conditions such as temperature or pressure / vacuum or under adhesive-specific conditions (eg UV radiation) take place. Furthermore, hardening of the adhesive primer will result in firm adhesion to the substrate.
- the fiber material of the test textile may be embedded in the adhesive primer, so that below and above the fiber material is the adhesive primer.
- the fiber material rests on the adhesive primer, so that there is no adhesive priming above the fiber material of the test textile.
- the joining surface created after peeling off the test fabric may be characterized by raised areas and depressions.
- the recesses represent the fiber prints, while the raised areas represent the open areas of the fiber material of the test fabric.
- the elevations can serve as spacers.
- adherence to a defined adhesive layer thickness is very important. This is usually realized by spacers in the adhesive or on the component. These ensure that the components can only be approximated to a defined degree. However, these spacers are usually a weak point in the bond because they cause a stress concentration under mechanical stress.
- the raised areas, which can be formed by the fiber material impressions, can serve as spacers, since the adhesive is removed from the cavities. gene of fiber prints can not be completely squeezed out. However, they are not foreign bodies but part of the adhesive primer remaining on the substrate and thus do not generate any stress concentrations.
- the fibrous material of the surface-shaped test textile is an open-pore fibrous material or an open fabric in which parallel fibers of the fibrous material do not contact each other directly.
- the adhesive primer is embedded in the resulting interstices of the fiber material, whereby a cohesive break in the primer between the individual fibers of the fiber material can be effected.
- the pore size in particular affects the peel force and the resolution of the method with respect to the fracture pattern.
- the porosity of the textile also determines which fraction of the fracture surface is cohesively fractured and which fraction has an imprint of the fibers or of the material of the textile. The appropriate choice of porosity ultimately determines the percentage of free space of the fabric.
- the fracture pattern between the cured adhesive primer and the sheet-like test textile is recorded by means of a camera, wherein a uniform or non-uniform fracture pattern can then be determined automatically by means of an image evaluation unit from the recorded image data.
- a uniform or non-uniform fracture pattern can then be determined automatically by means of an image evaluation unit from the recorded image data.
- either the joining surface or the area-shaped test textile are torn off after tearing off or both together with the aid of the camera in order to obtain an image of the breakage pattern after tearing off the flat test fabric.
- the image evaluation unit can then be used to determine whether the fracture pattern is uniform, ie whether the adhesive primer has been cohesively cracked cleanly and without defects, or if the fracture pattern is uneven and contains corresponding imperfections where the adhesive primer does not adhere properly to the joint surface.
- a color is selected for the adhesive primer in order to achieve the greatest possible contrast between the color of the joining surface of the substrate and the color of the adhesive. to obtain primer.
- the highest possible contrast makes it easier to identify and identify defects within the fracture pattern.
- the color can also be chosen such that it has been selected as a function of the color of the test textile or of the fiber material of the sheet-like test textile in order to be able to better recognize irregularities or defects in the rupture pattern on the sheet-like test textile.
- the peel force is determined during the removal of the sheet-like test fabric by means of a force sensor, wherein a uniform or non-uniform force profile can be determined by means of a force evaluation unit from the determined peel force.
- a uniform or non-uniform force profile can be determined by means of a force evaluation unit from the determined peel force.
- This also makes it possible to automate the process of analyzing or evaluating the fracture pattern.
- it can be determined with the aid of the force evaluation unit from the determined peel force whether the peel force runs completely or partially below a threshold value, which suggests a faulty joining surface as a quantitative evaluation.
- the image evaluation unit and the force evaluation unit can thereby run in the form of software modules on a digital computing unit, wherein the computing unit is then signal-technically connected to the camera or the force sensor.
- the sheet-like scholartextil is additionally conditioned after curing of the adhesive primer, so as to burden the adhesive primer addition by external influences.
- the test textile is exposed to a predetermined test temperature over a predetermined period of time and / or is communicated with a medium over a predetermined period of time, with the test fabric being removed only after conditioning.
- the medium can diffuse through the thin film in a short time in the boundary layer, so that critical scenarios for the connection can be generated and tested with. This makes it possible to draw conclusions about the stress on the bond during real operation, so that a further examination can be realized as merely a mere check of the joining surface.
- the (exposed) adhesive primer of the test textile is brought into contact with the medium and conditioned.
- test fabric When the test fabric is peeled off, the test fabric leaves an imprint in the surface of the broken adhesive primer. As a result, on the one hand the surface is increased, which is advantageous for a later gluing process. On the other hand, this provides a mechanical anchoring (positive connection) between adhesive primer and adhesive, which is also advantageous in terms of strength.
- a test textile is provided whose fiber material is designed such that the impression of the fibers of the fiber material remaining in the adhesive primer has undercuts after removal.
- a test textile is provided whose fiber material has an equidistant grid, whereby the impression remaining on the surface of the primer has a defined grid. This facilitates the optical evaluation and quantification of any errors, since a kind of measuring grid is imprinted in the surface.
- the entire surface of the adhesive base is completely cohesively broken. In this case, the adhesive forces between the fiber material of the test textile and primer must be greater than the forces that are necessary for a cohesive refraction of the primer. In such a case, the test textile leaves a completely cohesively broken surface.
- the fiber material of the test textile can be pretreated mechanically, physically and / or chemically in order to roughen it (to set a surface state which is advantageous for the formation of adhesion forces) and thus to increase the adhesion forces of the primer to the fiber material.
- a mechanical pre-treatment would be: blasting, grinding, for a physical pretreatment: plasma treatment, corona treatment, flaming.
- a chemical pretreatment would be: etching, fluorination, coating, treatment with acids or alkalis or other substances which change the surface.
- the roughening of the fiber material additionally increases the free surface of the primer, which allows an even better adhesion of the adhesive film.
- the fibers of the fiber material can also be provided with a special coating which serves as a bonding agent.
- This coating can remain on the surface of the primer in the area of the fiber prints after the test textile has been removed and can perform functional tasks in the subsequent bonding or, for example, improve the adhesion to the adhesive or, for example, act as a crack stopper for the subsequent adhesive layer.
- the adhesive base can first be completely cured before the sheet-like scholartextil is removed.
- the test textile can remain on the joining surface of the substrate until further processing of the substrate and thus protect the joining surface from contamination. It is also conceivable that the adhesive primer is only partially cured before the test fabric is removed.
- the adhesive primer can improve the likelihood of a cleanly cohesively broken surface after stripping and residual reactivity of the adhesive primer can result in better bonding to the subsequently applied adhesive.
- the cohesive breakage of the adhesive primer produces a reactive surface with high surface energy, which adhere better to later adhered components.
- Spacers may be used to achieve a defined layer thickness of the remaining adhesive primer.
- the fibers of the fiber material or the fiber material itself represent the spacers.
- the test textile has additional spacers in order to achieve a predetermined layer thickness of the adhesive primer remaining on the substrate.
- spacers may be integrated into the fibrous material or may be part of the adhesive primer between substrate and fibrous material of the test fabric.
- spacers may be additional sheets, such as thin nonwoven mats, nets, and / or knickers), or a plurality of evenly distributed bodies, such as spheres of defined size. The spacers contained in the adhesive primer remain in the remaining on the substrate adhesive primer.
- the object is also achieved with the method according to claim 12 for applying a material to a substrate, wherein first the joining surface is checked by means of the previously described method. If the check of the joint surface was positive, i. If there were no irregularities in the fracture pattern or no irregularities in the peel force could be discerned, the material is applied to the adhesive primer remaining after the removal of the sheet-like test fabric.
- the material can be an adhesive, an adhesive with a component to be joined and / or a coating (such as, for example, paints).
- the substrate is a fiber composite component, which is produced from a fiber composite material comprising a fiber material and a matrix material.
- the substrate may also be another material, in particular isotropic material, such as, for example, a polymer material, metal material, organic Materials and / or inorganic materials.
- a polymer material for example, duromers (epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, vinyl esters, phenolic resins), elastomers (rubber, polysulphides, silicones, polyurethanes), thermoplastics (Polyetherketonke- ton, polyamide, polyester, etc.) can be used.
- metal materials in particular steel, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, non-ferrous metals, etc. are considered.
- bones, wood and teeth can be used as organic materials.
- inorganic materials in particular glass, cement, ceramic, rock or mixtures thereof are conceivable.
- the substrate may not be a fiber composite component made of a fiber composite material.
- the material is an adhesive material, wherein a component is joined by means of the applied to the remaining after the removal of the sheet-like scholartextils adhesive primer adhesive material.
- an adhesive can be applied to the remaining adhesive on the joining surface, which is then subsequently brought into contact with the component and then cured, so as to effect a solid adhesive connection.
- the adhesive and the component are applied and joined simultaneously, for example when the component is a prepreg in which matrix material has already been infused into a fiber material.
- the component may, however, also be a material which inherently contains an adhesive material, such as, for example, surface coatings, sealants, prepregs or lacquers.
- the joining surface can be pretreated for bonding before checking the joining surface, for example by removing damaged material from the fiber composite component by milling or cutting. After the clean pretreatment of the damaged area to be repaired, the joining surface is then checked with the previously described method, and then the component is glued.
- the component to be joined is a repair patch
- a reconfiguration patch it is conceivable, for example, that in the fiber composite component in the area of the damaged, to be repaired If a Schftung is introduced, based on the cross section of the Schwarzftung then a corresponding repair patch is made. The sheath is then also checked with the previously described method and, if the check of the joining surface was positive, the repair patch then glued into the Schaftung.
- the object is also achieved with a device for checking a joining surface of a substrate, in particular a fiber composite component, according to claim 16, wherein the device has a camera and an image evaluation unit and / or a force sensor and a force evaluation and for performing the verification method as described above is trained.
- the camera and the image evaluation unit serve for the qualitative evaluation
- the force sensor and the force evaluation unit serve for the quantitative evaluation of the joining surface and of the priming material.
- FIGS. 1 a-1 c show a possible sequence of the verification method in a schematic representation.
- first a substrate in the form of a fiber composite component 10 is provided which is constructed from a plurality of layers of fiber material 11.
- the fiber composite component 10, which is shown here in a cross-section, has a damage 12 which is to be repaired. This damage 12 extends over several fiber layers 1 1.
- the damaged area 12 of the fiber composite component 10 is removed, in which a shank 13 is introduced into the fiber composite component 10 over a large area.
- This Schwarzftung 13 to remove the damaged area 12 can be introduced manually or mechanically, which is commonly referred to as surface preparation.
- the surface pretreatment which can be done for example by means of grinding, blasting or milling. This process can also include cleaning or activation processes (eg by means of plasma).
- the result of the second step (b) is then a joining surface 14, which is to be introduced later in a repair patch.
- This joining surface 14 is prepared after step (b) to the extent that the step of bonding can begin. According to the invention, a check of the joining surface 14 is now carried out beforehand in order to ensure the effectiveness of the bond.
- step (c) a sheet-like test textile 20 is placed on the joining surface 14 of the creation 13, wherein the sheet-like test fabric 20 has a fiber material 21 which is impregnated by an adhesive primer 22.
- the sheet-like scholartextil can be turned over so as to generate a tab 23 for subsequent removal.
- a separating film 24 can be provided between the tab 23 and the test textile. It is also conceivable that by means of a release film, as is placed on the fiber composite component 10 in edge regions, a tab is generated, which prevents tethering.
- the next subsequent step (d) consolidates the test fabric, i. hardened.
- the test textile 20 is subjected to heat and possibly pressure.
- the treatment of the applied sheet-like test fabric 20 depends on the manner in which the adhesive primer of the test fabric 20 hardens. If a matrix material which corresponds to the matrix material of the fiber composite component, or which corresponds to the adhesive of the subsequent bonding, is usually applied to the test textile with a corresponding temperature and pressure, as is the case, for example, in a vacuum construction customary for fiber composite technology increased temperature and pressure takes place.
- the test textile can be conditioned for further testing by applying it to a desired test temperature and possibly to a medium.
- the medium can be, for example, water or other substances with which the fiber composite component regularly comes into contact.
- the medium can diffuse into the boundary layer through a thin film in a short period of time. The subsequent check is done under the influence of media and temperature, so that critical scenarios for the connection can be created.
- the test textile 20 is now removed from the joining surface 14 by means of the tab 23, which can be done manually or by machine.
- the entire test surface, ie the joining surface 14, can also be covered with a plurality of flat test textiles in a defined width, which are individually peeled off. As a result, a comparable peel force related to the textile width is measured.
- the take-off angle, the withdrawal speed and the withdrawal direction with regard to the fiber orientation can be defined depending on the requirements.
- edges of these strips of test fabric are designed so that tearing of the strips is avoided.
- the strips are thermally sealed at the edge or, for example, have a selvage.
- the withdrawn test fabric is shown schematically, which contains both parts of the adhesive primer 22, which should actually adhere to the joining surface 14, as well as parts of the fiber composite component 10 in a first region 25, so that in the fracture image in the area 25 an irregularity or gives a flaw.
- the substrate of the joining surface 14 was not stable enough, so that adhesion of the adhesive primer 22 to the joining surface 14 resulted in greater adhesion than commonly found in the region 25 in the fiber composite component 10. The surface pretreatment was thus not sufficient in the region 25.
- region 26 by contrast, the adhesive primer 22 did not sufficiently adhere to the joining surface 14, which likewise suggests inadequate surface pretreatment of the joining surface 14. Also in region 26, an irregularity or a defect, which is immediately recognizable to the naked eye, develops in the fracture pattern both in the fiber composite component and in the test textile.
- the peel force (F) can also be determined when the test fabric 20 is removed and then removed via the test path, as shown in step (g).
- the areas 25 and 26 correspond to the areas 25 and 26 in step (f), where the fracture pattern has corresponding defects. In these areas, the peel force drops abruptly, resulting in a lack of adhesion of the adhesive primer or the fiber composite material of the fiber composite component. Again, it can be assumed by deviations from a uniform peel force of corresponding defects.
- FIG. 2 shows the repair of the fiber composite component 10 shown in FIGS. 1a-1c.
- a portion of the adhesive primer 22 remains on the joining surface 14 of the fiber composite component 10.
- the corresponding adhesive 27 is then applied for repair, and then then the repair patch 28 in the Häftung is introduced.
- the repair patch 28 may be, for example, also a fiber composite material.
- the adhesive layer 27 can be introduced simultaneously with the repair patch 28 in the form of a pre-preg.
- an outlet of the test textile 20 and / or an outlet of the adhesive 27 with a test fabric can be arranged in a secondary test area 29. Over this the connection of the adhesive to the primer can be checked.
- this area can be used for a long-term test of the connection of the primer to the fiber composite component and the adhesive to the primer.
- the test fabric remains in the appropriate material (primer or adhesive) and will be deducted at a later date.
- the secondary test area can be painted over so that it has no influence visually and aerodynamically.
- the binding of the adhesive 27 to the repair patch 28 is checked with the aid of the test textile.
- a release film is placed under the desired area, provided the adhesive with the sketchtextil and applied over the repair patch. After the repair patch has cured, the area is separated from the component by the release liner. Subsequently, the test fabric is subtracted from the separated area, whereby the interface of adhesive is loaded to the overlying repair layers and thus checked.
- all interfaces of the connection system namely component primer, primer adhesive and adhesive repair patch can be tested.
- the connection of the adhesive 27 to the material of the repair patch 28 is checked with the aid of the test textile.
- test specimens in the secondary test area 29 can be tested either directly after the repair (or after any conditioning has taken place), or only at a later time to perform a long-term test. Before carrying out the long-term test, the test sections can also be conditioned. The test specimens in the secondary region 29 may be directly connected to the actual bond or separated therefrom by an interruption / gap. For process control during component production or bonding, accompanying samples can be manufactured with a control connection, which serves to validate the process and the correct adhesive connection to the components.
- a test connection is established in addition to the regular joining partners, as shown in Figure 3.
- a first test body 31 and a second test body 32 is used, wherein a first sketchtextil 33 and the second test body 32, a second sketchtextil 34 is arranged on the first test body 31.
- the first and the second test specimens are now joined together using their two test textiles, wherein a release film 35 is disposed between the two test textiles.
- a regular gluing of both the actual component to be produced and the test connection 30 is carried out, so that the control gluing is carried out together with the actual component gluing in one process step.
- both test specimens can be checked by a qualitative and / or quantitative evaluation of their joining surface, the result of this test being representative of the joining process of the finished component joining.
- test connection 30 is not a control production, but the component connection to be produced, in a first step joining the two joining partners as in the test connection and then subsequently the test textile of both joining partners 31 and 32 is subtracted. If both fracture patterns of the peeled joining surface or the test fabric are without result, then in a next step, the two joining partners can be glued together using an adhesive layer.
- the test textile has the requirement, when tearing off a defined high force on the adhesive primer or To transfer the joining surface and leave a thin primer layer whose surface is clean and suitable for a subsequent gluing process. In order to manually tear off the test textile from the surface with little effort, the removal can be carried out in narrow strips of defined width as described above. The requirements placed on the test textile are achieved by using a fabric which has an open structure.
- the architecture of the test fabric (type of binding, cross-sectional structure, thread design, monofilament / multifilament, thread thickness, free cross-sectional area, etc.) can be used to determine parameters such as the height of the test load or test voltage (is the voltage with which the respective interface is loaded). , The amount of peel force (the force needed to peel off the fabric), resolutions for any defects, area fraction of the cohesive fracture, layer thickness of the residual primer, and surface topology of the primer layer produced.
- the test textile can in principle consist of all materials. Examples are plastics, natural materials or metals.
- the respective material is processed into a fabric, which may be a textile in the conventional sense, for example a woven or knitted fabric. But also fabrics such as expanded metal or grid or networks are conceivable.
- test textile may in principle be preimpregnated with primers or may be dry and soaked in situ during application by applying adhesive or primer to the test fabric.
- both test specimens can be uncured before the control bonding and cured with the test textile in this process. Furthermore, one of the test specimens may be uncured and the other consolidated before the control bonding. Finally, both test specimens can be cured.
- Figure 4 shows schematically the process of tearing off an open fabric of monofilament yarns of round cross-section.
- topography of the generated surface is adjustable by the property of the test textile or by the shape of the fiber material.
- an angular cross section of the fiber material with undercuts can be used to produce a relatively uniform thin primer layer.
- an arithmetic unit 40 may be provided which is connected to a camera 41 and / or a force sensor 42, as shown schematically in greatly simplified form in FIG.
- the camera 41 takes on the fracture surface of the cohesively refrained primer, with the aid of an image analysis on the arithmetic unit 40 corresponding irregularities and non-full-surface adhesion of the primer 22 can be detected on the component. If the removal of the test textile is automated with a device, the force F can be detected with the aid of the sensor 42. By analyzing the force curve, the surface can then be checked as described above.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the checking of the joining surface in a position-independent and / or position-independent manner. After checking for defects and determining a defect-free surface, the method according to the invention produces a clean, defined surface on which it can be glued directly afterwards. The surface quality, however, unlike conventional repair processes, is not human dependent. Moreover, the method according to the invention makes it possible to fix the condition of the pretreated joining surface. The adhesive application therefore does not have to take place immediately after completion of the surface pretreatment. Thus, a repair process can be made more flexible in terms of time.
- adhesive primer adhesive
- the adhesive primer is color matched so that it is well visible from the substrate with the test fabric and can easily detect defects.
- the primer may be formulated so that its property changes during the later curing of the adhesive film and assumes the desired end property. This corresponds to an annealing step during the adhesive film curing at elevated temperature. So it is possible, for example, that the primer still has a residual reactivity after curing of the test fabric, so is not fully reacted, and thus crosslinked in the following bonding process with the adhesive and thus enters into particularly strong chemical bonds.
- the textile is not provided with additional coatings, such as release agents, which could remain on the surface of the primer after the test as an adhesion-inhibiting residue.
- the textile is designed with respect to the filament or thread thickness and its binding or area distribution so that it leaves a regular surface and a defined thick layer of the primer after peeling.
- the tear-off textile can have predetermined breaking points at regular width intervals, by which it is segmented into strips. This allows the application in one piece and at the same time the individual segments can be deducted as strips of defined width, wherein the force is recorded with respect to a defined width.
- test fabric with the fiber material and the adhesive primer is adjusted so that, when properly prepared and pre-treated, the bond between the substrate and the primer and the strength of the substrate are higher than the force required to cause the cohesive break in the adhesive primer cause.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017113430.1A DE102017113430A1 (de) | 2017-06-19 | 2017-06-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen einer Fügeoberfläche |
PCT/EP2018/062213 WO2018233928A1 (de) | 2017-06-19 | 2018-05-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überprüfen einer fügeoberfläche |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3642020A1 true EP3642020A1 (de) | 2020-04-29 |
Family
ID=62167316
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18724838.0A Pending EP3642020A1 (de) | 2017-06-19 | 2018-05-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überprüfen einer fügeoberfläche |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11745437B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3642020A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7046988B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110944826B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017113430A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018233928A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018111306B4 (de) | 2018-05-11 | 2022-10-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Applizieren eines Werkstoffes auf ein Faserverbundbauteil |
DE102018130330B4 (de) | 2018-11-29 | 2023-02-09 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Prüfkörpers |
DE102018131813A1 (de) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Klebfestigkeit einer Klebstoffverbindung |
DE102018131797A1 (de) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen einer Fügeoberfläche |
DE102019121592B3 (de) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-08-27 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils sowie Bauteil hierzu |
DE102020108240A1 (de) | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Prüfklebung sowie Bauteil und Vakuumaufbau hierzu |
DE102021126660A1 (de) | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundbauteils |
CN114261105B (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-10-03 | 航天海鹰(镇江)特种材料有限公司 | 一种判断钛合金与复材大曲率零件胶接质量的方法 |
CN114199760A (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-18 | 星恒电源股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池极片剥离强度的测试方法 |
DE102022105181A1 (de) | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Applizieren eines Werkstoffes auf ein Faserverbundbauteil |
CN114643209B (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-04-12 | 南京业恒达智能系统有限公司 | 衣物分拣方法、装置、计算机可读介质及电子设备 |
CN115266404B (zh) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-09-22 | 天津大学 | 柔性基体-涂层界面剪切结合强度测试系统和方法 |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5323170A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-06-21 | M & N Aerospace, Inc. | Radomes having vinyl foam core construction |
US6982178B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-01-03 | E Ink Corporation | Components and methods for use in electro-optic displays |
GB0130853D0 (en) | 2001-12-22 | 2002-02-06 | Bae Systems Plc | Method of forming a bond on or in an aircraft component |
JP4868494B2 (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2012-02-01 | 日立金属株式会社 | 樹脂体の溶着方法および溶着装置 |
EP2040057B1 (de) | 2006-06-30 | 2017-08-23 | Airbus Operations S.L. | Verfahren zur überwachung der qualität einer strukturellen klebeverbindung |
JP4960032B2 (ja) | 2006-07-25 | 2012-06-27 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | 接着力検査装置及びこれを用いた接着力検査方法 |
JP5015824B2 (ja) | 2008-02-29 | 2012-08-29 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着フィルム位置検出器および粘着フィルム貼付装置 |
JP4681634B2 (ja) | 2008-07-04 | 2011-05-11 | 中島ゴム工業株式会社 | 接着シート |
CN102448711B (zh) * | 2009-04-10 | 2015-05-13 | 湘电达尔文有限责任公司 | 受防护的风力涡轮叶片、制造其的方法及风力涡轮 |
EP2489760B1 (de) * | 2009-10-14 | 2017-06-14 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur herstellung einer harzbeschichteten metallplatte |
DE102010030260A1 (de) | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung der Haftfestigkeit einer Beschichtung auf einem Substrat |
JP4717156B1 (ja) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-07-06 | 協和界面科学株式会社 | 剥離試験装置 |
DE102011004002A1 (de) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-16 | Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Quersiegelnaht sowie Quersiegelvorrichtung |
US9567104B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2017-02-14 | The Boeing Company | Utilization of aircraft bondline embedded current sensors in the determination of a lightning damage index |
US9347868B2 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-24 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for rapidly testing adhesion |
US20150258765A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | The Boeing Company | Composite Structure and Method for Inspecting a Pre-bond Surface of a Composite Structure |
DE102014208512A1 (de) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Fügen von mehreren Werkstückteilen sowie Fügewerkzeug |
DE102014111060A1 (de) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-04 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Verfahren zum Prüfen der Bruchzähigkeit einer herzustellenden Klebeverbindung |
JP6417906B2 (ja) | 2014-12-05 | 2018-11-07 | Nok株式会社 | 硬化度測定装置及び硬化度測定方法 |
DE102015111328A1 (de) | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Abreißfestigkeit |
DE102015217091B4 (de) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V | Anordnung zur Bestimmung der erreichbaren Haftfestigkeit vor Ausbildung einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung an einer Oberfläche eines Fügepartners |
JP2017052127A (ja) | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-16 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 樹脂部材およびその製造方法ならびに接合体およびその製造方法 |
JP6555717B2 (ja) | 2015-09-29 | 2019-08-07 | ニチバン株式会社 | 被覆シーリング用粘着テープ又はシート |
JP6034519B2 (ja) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-11-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | 水分散型アクリル系粘着剤組成物、及び粘着シート |
CN106853692A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-16 | 北京天恒长鹰科技股份有限公司 | 实现复合材料快速固化粘接的加热方法及桁架装配方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-19 DE DE102017113430.1A patent/DE102017113430A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-05-11 CN CN201880048323.4A patent/CN110944826B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-11 JP JP2019570088A patent/JP7046988B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-11 US US16/624,111 patent/US11745437B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-11 WO PCT/EP2018/062213 patent/WO2018233928A1/de unknown
- 2018-05-11 EP EP18724838.0A patent/EP3642020A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102017113430A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 |
CN110944826B (zh) | 2022-05-24 |
US20200130289A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
US11745437B2 (en) | 2023-09-05 |
CN110944826A (zh) | 2020-03-31 |
JP2020524099A (ja) | 2020-08-13 |
WO2018233928A1 (de) | 2018-12-27 |
JP7046988B2 (ja) | 2022-04-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3642020A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überprüfen einer fügeoberfläche | |
EP3790730B1 (de) | Verfahren zum applizieren eines werkstoffes auf ein faserverbundbauteil | |
DE102013112933B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Reparieren von Faser-Kunststoff-Verbünden | |
EP3036522B1 (de) | Prüfung der haftung von elastischen klebstoffen oder elastischen dichtungsmaterialien auf oberflächen von bauteilen | |
DE102011080985A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Bauteils aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff | |
DE102009027807A1 (de) | Detektionsverfahren und Detektionsvorrichtung zum Detektieren von Kernschäden und Ablösungen in Sandwichstrukturen | |
EP3887797B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines prüfkörpers | |
EP3850353B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines faser-kunststoff-verbund-vergleichskörpers und prüfungsverfahren | |
DE102018131797A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen einer Fügeoberfläche | |
EP3527641B1 (de) | Klebefilm sowie anordnung und verfahren zur überprüfung einer klebeanbindung | |
DE102014111060A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Prüfen der Bruchzähigkeit einer herzustellenden Klebeverbindung | |
DE102010012342B4 (de) | Versteifungsbauteil und Verfahren sowie Kammwerkzeug | |
WO2019034211A1 (de) | Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-aluminium-laminat sowie herstellung und verwendung | |
AT521672B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund-Vergleichskörpers und Prüfungsverfahren | |
DE102020108240A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Prüfklebung sowie Bauteil und Vakuumaufbau hierzu | |
DE102018214404A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Ausbessern von Fehlstellen an einem Fahrzeugreifen | |
DE102019211080B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Faserverbundbauteils und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Faserverbundbauteils mit einer Zusatzstruktur | |
EP3887257B1 (de) | Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zum überwachen der strukturellen integrität einer reparaturstelle | |
DE102005044505A1 (de) | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Prüfung von Materialverbundsystemen | |
WO2023152355A1 (de) | Verbundfolie für eine dauerhafte ausstattung von formen mit einer trennschicht | |
DE102013223523A1 (de) | Bauteil mit Elementen zur farblichen Anzeige von Beschädigungen durch Belastung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20191219 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20211217 |