EP3638888A1 - Vanne de derivation pour machine de detente - Google Patents
Vanne de derivation pour machine de detenteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3638888A1 EP3638888A1 EP18736997.0A EP18736997A EP3638888A1 EP 3638888 A1 EP3638888 A1 EP 3638888A1 EP 18736997 A EP18736997 A EP 18736997A EP 3638888 A1 EP3638888 A1 EP 3638888A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shutter
- bypass valve
- valve according
- bypass
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/36—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of expansion machines intended for the recovery of thermal energy from hot fluid, for the transformation into mechanical or electrical energy, and more particularly to bypass valves for expansion machines.
- the invention relates to an expansion bypass valve for a thermal energy recovery system from an engine such as an internal combustion engine, and finds a particular application in the field of transport.
- EP3128137 describes an assembly for controlling a flow of working fluid in the gas phase between its source and the admission of an expansion machine.
- this solution provides a slide valve comprising several passages feeding on one side the admission of the expansion machine, on the other side a bypass channel of the expansion machine opening into the exhaust zone of the relaxing machine.
- WO 2015176142 vapor expansion device comprising an expansion machine having an inlet which is connected to a pipe inlet and outlet which is connected to a discharge pipe, the intake pipe being provided with an inlet valve and the discharge pipe being provided with an evacuation valve for isolating the space between the valves by closing these valves when the expander is not in operation, the device being provided with a steam supply which conditions the space between the valves when the expansion machine is not in progress of operation, so that air can not enter the space.
- a referenced supply valve is connected to a controller which controls the opening when the expansion machine is turned off and its closure when the expansion machine is put back into operation.
- This supply valve is disposed on the steam supply circuit and not in the expansion machine.
- the valve which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to ensure optimal temperature setting of all the parts of the thermal machine, in particular during the start-up phase and to simplify the heating circuit, which makes it possible to reduce its bulk. .
- Patent application WO2017144857 discloses a 3-way bypass valve for regulating a flow of a fluid in a waste heat recovery system, the bypass valve comprising: a valve body; an inlet defined within the valve body, the inlet port being configured for fluid communication with an outlet of one or more evaporators of a waste heat recovery system; a first outlet port defined within the valve body, the first outlet port being configured for fluid communication with an expansion machine of a waste heat recovery system; a second outlet defined within the valve body, the second outlet being configured for fluid communication with a condenser of a waste heat recovery system; a valve configured to prevent fluid flow from the inlet port to the first outlet port; and an actuator configured to actuate the valve, characterized in that the bypass valve further comprises a purge flow path providing fluid communication between the inlet port and the first outlet port, bypassing the valve .
- US patent application US20150330530 is also known which describes a 3-way bypass valve for regulating the flow of a fluid in a waste heat recovery system which comprises a valve body, a valve coupled to the valve body and adapted to prevent the flow of fluid to an expansion machine, and a rod with at least a portion disposed in the valve body in which the rod is adapted to move the valve for allow the fluid to flow to the expansion machine and regulate the fluid flow.
- Patent application WO2017144860 describes another example of a dispensing valve.
- the dispensing valve comprises a body, a spool and a solenoid assembly, the body and the solenoid together defining a cavity, the body defining an inlet port, the spool being permanently mounted in said cavity, the spool defining a first outlet port and a second outlet port, and the dispensing valve further comprising a ring, the ring being slidably mounted around the cylindrical spool in said cavity, and said ring being configured for actuation by the solenoid assembly to open and closing said first and second outlet ports to control fluid flow through the dispensing valve.
- the disadvantages of the solutions of the prior art concern in particular the heat transfer between the active zone of the valve, subjected to high temperatures, up to 250 ° C for machines using ethanol or cyclopentane as working fluid and the pneumatic or electromagnetic actuator of the valve.
- the high heat transmission up to this actuator causes malfunctions related to the expansion of the components, the temperature withstand of certain components, in particular the elastomers for an actuator pneumatic, or insulating varnishes and resins for an electromagnetic actuator.
- the invention relates to a valve for controlling the opening or closing of the passage of the working fluid from the intake chamber in a bypass circuit. In nominal operation, the valve is in the closed position, all the working fluid from the inlet chamber then supplying the expansion zone delimited by the screw or the spiral.
- the valve according to the invention has two particular characteristics: it is a two-way valve and not a three-way valve. This valve is configured to be positioned inside the expansion machine on an internal outlet of the high-pressure inlet zone.
- It can be positioned in the cylinder head cover or at the interface between the high pressure inlet chamber and the preheating means connected to the exhaust zone.
- This configuration ensures in all circumstances a sweeping of the high-pressure inlet zone by the working fluid, both when the valve is in the open position and when in the closed position, unlike the solutions of the prior art where this high-pressure inlet zone is swept by the working fluid only when the valve is in the nominal operating position.
- the valve according to the invention has two positions: a) a closed position, corresponding to the nominal operation of the expansion machine, where the working fluid circulates inside the expansion machine from the intake zone to the exhaust passing through the expansion zone
- a bypass circuit comprising the preheating means and which connects the intake zone and the exhaust zone without passing through the expansion zone, in the starting phase where the machine is at a standstill and not turn
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a Rankine cycle according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a variant of the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a second variant of the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a fourth variant of the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a fifth variant of the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a Rankine cycle according to the invention.
- a Rankine cycle recovers waste heat from an associated rotary machine (801), which may be an internal combustion engine. This heat can be recovered in several places: on the cooling circuit, on the cooling of the compressed air upstream of the engine, on the cooling of the exhaust gases recirculated in the rotary machine or on exhaust gases (802 ) as shown in Figure 1.
- a heat exchanger or evaporator (807) is inserted in bypass on the line exhaust after the pollution control system (803).
- a bypass valve (827) proportionally distributes the flow rates between said evaporator (807) and the normal exhaust.
- the evaporator (807) is for evaporating the working fluid (808) from the Rankine cycle.
- the working fluid (808) is sucked by the pump unit (806) from the condenser (805) at a pressure defined by the expansion vessel (828) whose pressure is controlled by an electric control valve. pulses (829).
- Said valve (829) regulates the air pressure in the expansion vessel (828) either by connecting the expansion tank (828) to a source of compressed air (821) temporarily, or by connecting the vessel of Expansion (828) to the atmosphere temporarily, either closing the inlet to the expansion vessel.
- the Rankine cycle calculator receives these signals to control the actuators of the system and a temperature of the vapor in the expansion machine (1) measured either in the expansion zone (14) or in the exhaust zone ( 13).
- the vapor produced in the evaporator (807) flows to the expansion machine (1).
- the expansion machine (1) comprises three zones: an inlet zone (11) of the high pressure steam which is connected to the expansion zone (14), itself connected to the exhaust zone (13). ) at low pressure.
- the bypass valve (2) opens and closes a bypass channel (15) connecting the intake zone (11) and the exhaust zone (13).
- the bypass valve (2) is advantageously pneumatic and is connected to the source of compressed air (821).
- An electric valve (820) controls the admission of air into the bypass valve (2) either by connecting the bypass valve to the source of compressed air (821) or by connecting the bypass (2) to the atmosphere.
- the bypass channel or bypass valve (2) further comprises a restriction, typically of the order of 20 mm 2 in order to limit the volume flow through the bypass channel and to cause a rise in pressure of the zone upstream of the the restriction.
- the condenser (805) is cooled either by a fluid of the associated rotary machine (801) or by ambient air. For example, one or more of the cooling circuits of the associated rotary machine (801) may be used.
- the condensed working fluid is then readmitted by the motor pump unit (806), either to continue to circulate or to return to the expansion vessel (828).
- the expansion machine (1) is connected to a rotating shaft (813) of the associated rotary machine (801) via a gearbox (810).
- a gearbox (810) The gearbox
- Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the valve according to the invention.
- the expansion machine (1) has an intake port (10) opening into an intake zone (11) and an exhaust port (12) opening on an exhaust zone (13).
- the working fluid (808) in gaseous form flows from the intake port (10) to the exhaust port (12). It is admitted in the intake zone (11), then in the expansion zone (14) and finally in the exhaust zone (13).
- the working fluid preferably circulates through a bypass channel (15) shunted by the expansion zone (14).
- the opening of this channel is controlled by the valve of branch (2) which is housed in the expansion machine (1).
- This consists of a shutter (21) sliding in a valve body (22).
- the shutter is actuated by the actuator (23) which is connected to an energy supply (24).
- this energy is compressed air (821), typically less than 7 bars relative.
- an electromagnetic actuator (23) this energy is electricity, typically 12, 24 or 48 volts DC.
- This bypass valve (2) is a two-way valve, i.e. it has an inlet and an outlet only for the fluid, as opposed to a three-way valve which may have two outlets or two inlets .
- bypass channel (15) conduit for the working fluid (808) communicating a high pressure zone with a low pressure zone, allowing a flow of the fluid from one or more evaporators of a Rankine circuit to a or several condensers in parallel with the expansion zone (14) of the trigger machine (1).
- the bypass channel (15) opens from an intake zone (11) of the expansion machine (1) and opens into the exhaust zone (13) of the expansion machine (1).
- This branch channel (15) may be external to the expansion machine (1) or integrated inside the expansion machine (1).
- receiving zone (100) It is a means arranged in a room to receive and fix the bypass valve (2).
- the bypass channel (15) passes through this receiving zone (100).
- Other functions can be added to the receiving zone (100) for example: guiding of the shutter (21), seat (252) cooperating with the shutter, lip seal grooves, flat or toric seal, etc. .
- This receiving zone (100) can be arranged in the expansion machine (1) or in a separate part thereof.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a first variant of the valve according to the invention.
- the valve (2) is housed in a receiving zone (100) for example in the expansion machine (1).
- This receiving zone (100) is a cylindrical machining, possibly tapped and bored.
- This reception zone (100) opens into the bypass channel (15).
- An inlet (1100) is arranged opening into the bypass channel on the side of the intake zone (11), advantageously this inlet orifice is pierced axially along the axis of the receiving zone (100).
- An outlet orifice (1500) is arranged opening into the bypass channel on the side of the exhaust zone (13), advantageously it is pierced radially, perpendicular to the axis of the receiving zone (100).
- the shutter (21) is advantageously composed in this variant of two parts: a control rod (250) and a ball (251).
- the ball (251) is free, that is to say it is not fixed on the control rod (250).
- the ball (251) can alternatively be welded to the control rod (250). It can thus position itself better on the seat (252) to ensure the best possible seal.
- the control rod (250) at its end on the ball side is a recessed conical seat (253) for assisting the ball to center on the seat (252).
- the half-angle at the top of the cone of the seat (252) is typically of the order of 15 ° to ensure the best seal and avoid jamming.
- the valve body (22) is composed of two parts: the seat carrier (220) and the guide (221).
- the seat carrier (220) is screwed into the expansion machine (1).
- the seat carrier is formed of a tubular conduit and a shoulder (228).
- the tubular duct is axially pierced at its center to define an inlet (110) and radially above the seat (252) to define an outlet (150) to form a conduit for the working fluid. (808).
- a conical seat (252) is machined at the inner end of the tubular duct to accommodate the ball (251) of the shutter (21).
- the guide (221) has a bore (222) for guiding the control rod (250) of the shutter (21).
- the guide (221) is directly screwed into the expansion machine (1).
- the seat carrier (220) is removed.
- the seat (252) is machined directly at the end of the receiving zone (100) in the expansion machine (1).
- the seals are modified: the shutter (21) directly seals on the expansion machine (1) defining the intake zone (11) and the bypass channel (15).
- a seal (226) which may be a flat gasket of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) whose thickness is between 1 and 4 millimeters or a O-ring in FFPM or FPM (according to the nomenclature of ISO 1629: 1995) if the temperatures of the expansion machine (1) permit it.
- PTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
- the guide of the shutter (23) can be done directly on the walls (2211) of the receiving zone (100) and no longer on the valve body (22) which serves then more than fixing the actuator (23).
- the seat (252) receiving the shutter (21) is also machined directly in the receiving zone (100).
- the valve body (22) serves only to secure the actuator (23).
- the valve body (22) has a flange (2212) for attachment to the receiving area (100).
- Either the surface of the inlet port (110) in the seat carrier (220) or the surface of the inlet port (1100) of the receiving area (100) is selected to ensure a loss. sufficient load when the valve is open for a given working fluid flow, so that the pressure at the start of the expansion machine (1) is sufficiently high, typically of the order of 5 bar for a starting flow rate of the order of 10 g / s of ethanol. Considering the density of the superheated working fluid in the vapor phase, this gives a typical orifice area of about 20 mm 2.
- the seal between the control rod and the guide (221) is provided by a lip seal (223).
- the seal between the expansion machine (1) and the seat carrier (220) is provided by a flat seal (224) located on a front surface at the lower end of the seat carrier (220) and a seal plate (225) located on the lower face (229) of the shoulder (228) of the guide (221).
- the first flat gasket (224) seals between a high pressure inlet zone (11) and the bypass channel (15) opening into the low pressure exhaust zone (13).
- the second flat gasket (225) seals between the bypass channel (15) and the outside of the expansion machine (1).
- the seal between the seat carrier (220) and the guide (221) is also provided by a seal (226).
- This set of lip seals (223) and seals (224, 225 and 226) are located in close proximity to the high-pressure inlet zone (11) of the expansion machine (1).
- the working fluid (808) in this zone is very hot.
- the inlet temperature of the working fluid (808) can reach 250 ° C.
- the pressure is also important, up to 50 bars. This temperature and pressure, as well as the chemical compatibility with ethanol or cyclopentane under these conditions, means that few materials can be used to make these joints.
- the lip seal (223) is made of PTFE filled with graphite, it also has a metal frame.
- the seals (224, 225 and 226) are preferably flat seals made of expanded PTFE with a thickness of between 1 and 4 millimeters and compressibility between 10 and 70%. These simultaneous seals on different height joint planes are allowed thanks to the compressibility properties of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene as well as to the judicious choice of the thickness of the flat seals.
- the mechanical stop of the valve body (22) on the receiving zone (100) during screwing can be done on the lower part (229) of the shoulder (228) or on a front surface at the lower end. the seat carrier (220).
- the seals (224, 225 and 226) may be FFPM (224, 225) or FPM (225, 226) O-rings as shown in Figure 6.
- the actuator (23) is fixed on the guide (221).
- the actuator shown is a pneumatic actuator comprising an elastomeric membrane (230), for example FPM, reinforced with a textile, and a cover (231) fixed on the guide (221).
- the membrane and the cover (231) delimit a pneumatic chamber supplied with compressed air by the connector (232) screwed into the cover (231).
- the membrane (230) is of disc shape. It is pressed by a spring (233) at its center on the control rod (250). A cup (255) is disposed between the membrane (230) and the control rod (250) to prevent puncturing of the membrane (230).
- the diaphragm (250) pushes the shutter (21) onto the seat (252) which then closes the passage of the working fluid (808) through the seat carrier ( 220).
- the surface of the membrane is calculated so that the pressure of available compressed air allows to close the shutter when the pressure in the intake zone is at its maximum allowable value.
- the elastomeric membrane (230) and the cup (255) do not withstand high temperatures, typically below 160 ° C continuously. It is therefore necessary to reduce the flow of heat from both the guide (221) and the control rod (250) as well as to dissipate residual heat from the actuator (23). To do this, openings (227) have been arranged in the guide (221) to reduce the conduction through the metal by reducing the conduction section. In addition, cooling fins (254) have been dug into the control rod (250). These reduce the conduction section and increase the heat flux transmitted to the outside of the system.
- control rod (250) or the cup (255) may be made of plastic in order to benefit from lower thermal conduction coefficients than those of the metals.
- the shutter (21) is hollow, pierced axially in its center from its non-emergent upper face, in order to reduce the heat conduction surface as shown in FIG.
- cooling fins (234) may be provided on the outer surface of the actuator to increase the cooling surface thereof and reduce its temperature.
- a metal membrane (230) may be used.
- the guide (221) and the control rod (250) can be shortcuts. Only the plastic connector (232) fears high temperatures.
- the shutter (21) is not guided in translation by the valve body (22) but by walls (2211) of a receiving zone (100) of said valve.
- the shutter (21) cooperates with a seat (252) which is not machined in said valve body (22) but at the end of the receiving zone (100).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1755260A FR3067385B1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2017-06-13 | Machine de detente et procedes d'utilisation d'une telle machine |
PCT/FR2018/051347 WO2018229404A1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-11 | Vanne de derivation pour machine de detente |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3638888A1 true EP3638888A1 (fr) | 2020-04-22 |
Family
ID=60302169
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18726521.0A Withdrawn EP3638887A1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-27 | Machine de detente et procedes d'utilisation d'une telle machine |
EP18736997.0A Withdrawn EP3638888A1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-11 | Vanne de derivation pour machine de detente |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18726521.0A Withdrawn EP3638887A1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-27 | Machine de detente et procedes d'utilisation d'une telle machine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP3638887A1 (fr) |
FR (2) | FR3067385B1 (fr) |
WO (2) | WO2018229368A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109441560B (zh) * | 2019-01-07 | 2023-12-29 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 一种膨胀发电机进气调节系统及方法 |
CN113864006B (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2024-06-18 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | 一种汽轮机膨胀滑销系统及汽轮机 |
CN115478910B (zh) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-06-13 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | 一种膨胀机预热系统 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1268276A (fr) * | 1959-10-30 | 1961-07-28 | Bendix Corp | Perfectionnements aux valves à simple clapet |
JP2006070946A (ja) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | 調節弁 |
JP5552986B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-24 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | ランキンサイクル装置 |
BR112015008597A2 (pt) | 2012-10-17 | 2017-12-19 | Norgren Ltd C A | sistema de recuperação de calor residual para um motor, válvula de derivação, e métodos de formar uma válvula de derivação, e, de regular um fluxo de um fluido em um sistema de recuperação de calor residual. |
BE1022147B1 (nl) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-02-19 | Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap | Inrichting voor het expanderen van stoom en werkwijze voor het aansturen van dergelijke inrichting |
DE102015204385A1 (de) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Axialkolbenmaschine |
DE102015113007B3 (de) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-07-21 | Mahle International Gmbh | Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Volumenstroms eines Arbeitsmitteldampfes |
JP6569061B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-19 | 2019-09-04 | 株式会社テージーケー | 制御弁 |
GB201603396D0 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2016-04-13 | Norgren Ltd C A | Flow divider valve |
GB201603394D0 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2016-04-13 | Norgren Ltd C A | Improved vapour control valve |
JP6595395B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-10-23 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 熱エネルギー回収装置及びその運転方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-13 FR FR1755260A patent/FR3067385B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-04-27 EP EP18726521.0A patent/EP3638887A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-27 WO PCT/FR2018/051071 patent/WO2018229368A1/fr unknown
- 2018-06-11 EP EP18736997.0A patent/EP3638888A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-06-11 WO PCT/FR2018/051347 patent/WO2018229404A1/fr unknown
- 2018-06-11 FR FR1855054A patent/FR3067439A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3638887A1 (fr) | 2020-04-22 |
WO2018229368A1 (fr) | 2018-12-20 |
WO2018229404A1 (fr) | 2018-12-20 |
FR3067439A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 |
FR3067385B1 (fr) | 2021-05-21 |
FR3067385A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 |
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